1/28 Focus: Kings began to gain more power and centralize power during the high middle ages
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Transcript of 1/28 Focus: Kings began to gain more power and centralize power during the high middle ages
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• 1/28 Focus:– Kings began to gain more power and
centralize power during the high middle ages
– England was one of the first countries in Europe to develop a strong central monarchy
• Do Now:–What was one characteristic of life in
Western Europe during the early Middle Ages?
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Middle AgesThe High Middle Ages
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Flashback
• After the fall of Rome Western Europe entered into the Dark Ages– lack of central authority – Decline of education and learning– Decline in trade and commerce – Development of Feudalism and the
Manorial System
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The High Middle Ages• Between 1000 &
1500 Western Europe began to emerge from the Dark Ages
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Popes and Kings• During the early
middle ages nobles and their knights held a great deal of power– Over time power
shifted to kings and the Pope
• Powerful kings came into power in England and France
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England• Angles and
Saxons had invaded England in the 400’s
• Divided into separate kingdoms– Each had their
own laws and customs
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England• England was
subject to frequent invasions from Vikings
• Alfred the Great– Saxon king– unites England
after stopping Viking advances
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England• 1066 Alfred’s descendent
King Edward dies without an heir
• 2 people claim the throne – Harold Godwinson• Son of one of Edward’s
advisors–William of Normandy• Normandy was in
France • Claimed he had been
promised the throne by Godwinson
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Battle of Hastings• Conflict breaks
over who should be king
• William wins the battle and becomes King of England – Harold Godwinson is
killed in battle• Shot through the eye
with in an arrow
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William the Conqueror
• William begins to centralize power – Claims all land in
England as his property• Gave land to his
supporters
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William the Conqueror
• Domesday Book – A survey of people
living in England, what they owned, and how much they could pay in taxes
– was used to create an efficient tax system
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The Magna Carta• William’s descendants had
begun to abuse their power
• King John – Had lost most of the English
lands in France in a expensive war
– Began to raise to taxes on nobles
– Nobles were angered by his confiscation of lands and high taxes
– Raised an army and forced King John to sign the Magna Carta in 1215
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The Magna Carta• Document which limited
the power of the king –Means “Great Charter”
• Laid the groundwork for “democracy” in Europe
• Established the British Parliament
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The Magna Carta• Basic principles:– King could not raise taxes without the
approval of a council of nobles and clergy• Later became the British Parliament
– King could not arrest people without cause or take property without just cause• Habeas Corpus
– Had to be convicted by a jury to be sent to jail– The King had to obey the law; was not above
the law
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Closure• Identify one way William the
conqueror established control of England.
• What was the purpose of the Domesday Book?
• Explain how the Magna Carta limited the power of the king?