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.ssast.g 57

Cosmos and History: The Journal of Natural and Social Philosophy, vol. 5, no. 1, 2009

The Symbolic independence rom power

lusa mua

University of Verona

AbstrAct: muas at gs t sa qust t utugt, a asks

u v ag tugt s tas t tkg sujt s a a, a tugt

s sa k t t x a . o t ass a st tgat sxua

vas t s v t ta as t uvsat, mua

ts t v a tkg ts u st ts s sta

. Tug ags u, mat, Sat pau a s aatvs, mua

vstgats t ags t us a ts a xs t as

t u sj.

Keywords: At; s; u; lz; pts; p; Sat pau; Saksa

i a at, a aas s aas as t a t

t at t as t tk t utka, t tat xt a

u g tugt ss ts, ats [viene meno a s, s-viene], stg tat

s t a t v quat t at. it s t st a ,

x a asg a as t t s; at, t s t x a

tkg aus aa t as a u. Ts x s as

v a t u a t ss vat, sta

atst sa, t t aa xas.

i at t s a stuat tat s s t ts, ut as sgat t,

s akg a vstgat t txt t sg sv,

a t s a a tst. i av uat t t g

ts: at as t tugt t uts t utugt? i us t ast ts

aus i a takg u aga a aa xstg qu.1 i t ga v-

1. i t st at t at i tak u aga t qu tat aks u cats 4 a 5 k

Al mercato della felicit. La forza irrinunciabile del desiderio [At the Market of Happiness: The Unrenounceable Force of

Desire], ma, ma, tg 2009. Ts txt us tak at t quu t

gu dta at t Uvst Va, 10 ot 2008. T ga t t quu as

p a pts a nt t Sa Tg. T stat ot 10 tu s a tu-

t t t jua Via Dogana, 86 (la d ma, Via Dogana, . 86, 2008), a

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coSmoS And hiSTory58

s, ts as uat: u a a a tss a sus taks t

t vats t aust u, u a a tut us taks t t

ag s; i tugt a st ts taks a t t utugt

tat s ag t t.

i xag s txts tat av tg t a-

t, sav t t t, a tat t a us t a t stu-

at a tugt tat s u agast a utugt.

o s t st a us, ass t t txt a uvst us

t tugt sxua . S as , s as st tag,

g a att t at, s u sg t st t, a t

ag, t gtaa a at (a t s gt a us). Taut ts st t tat ug t at, uusua, t t att as

as st, as tug s kg at: ut kg at v at? i

v, t sxua tt usa, ag t gaz t us s

gtaa, s u s tat t us, st, s t a a a ut a ua

atu, tg ts.

T s txt s t st at SaksasMacbeth: mat, tug vt-

us t att as sk s s kg, uts t ts

s t a takg v t kgs a. A s saks

a t s t ts uats. wt t s sgt, s t sa

t t ats tat at g, gz tat s a ut atat

at tu ut t t a aatst a, a-

g t v, a a a ( astat ts, us), a as t a

u st status.

T t txt as i s t ass s assags us tts

a ssas, a t ss t at tat tk , ug t s st st a-

tts, t v a uv s gag t trauma sxua su-

t, t ss aqug a a t usus. it s t tg tat traumas

a t tat a a t a t vts t t s .

a, t ut txt s t ta paus s-a vs, as a t

Ats t Asts a s ests, a t vats t t wst

csta tugt t ts v a. i av tak t sat t txts k t

t suss s-a ta tg a i av t t us tat t

pau taua s aga akg ts ts t.i a s ag ts attut a ta tugt t pau, ut a ss

tat suvts t v a ts. m s, s tkg uats

t a s .

i av t ts ag t t t ats t -

ts a t s vt a st tugt. dst a t u-

s au Stat s, t a at gtg sats a sttutg

a quat t t sxs ( t s ata ss a as

ssu tt Il miraggio del potere nel deserto della politica[T mag p t dst pts].

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lUiSA mUrAro 59

ssss), t st vt va tat t avs ts ust as

tt a stugg , a avs sa ag , s t a -

usa ts, ut t ta a a ts: t s a a tat

t a stas, ta su t .

i qu t t utugt, t qust tat a t akgu as a

as t g: at as t tugt t tkg sujt s a a,

t s aa tat t s t tugt a a tk [una pensante], tat s t

sa a tugt k t g a ? wat s ts a tkg ts? is t -

squta a t usss, a t a, t ast t-

svs t t tu/as, t gust-xssv ( sta, t i

tat assus/s t assu a g ats), t agat (tats, t s a ata fa s)? A at s u uta

historicity? wt ts t, s t a s sts atvs, i a

tat at sts ts t us u x s v stg tat s asut

s-ta, tvt; u tugt tks sst, ut x s

t x sst, s tat tugt s a t t k at tat

at t s s t t tg. i u v sa tat ts a sttuts t

v ss tugt a, at t sa t, ts ks t ts.

Tat t tkg sujt s a g s aks ast t st-

t tugt, v s a xa ts, us u g, a,

a , a. Tugt s st t ts g a

[essere corpo], t st fut , tat a suuta ast: tat

a a a sta as.

w a tug tugt tat st sa, t sta a -

sa, as a gst. Taks t t, k a t tgs aut t taua

st t tugt t svs ts as t tugt sujts

a aut sxua , t s, t sv tat

tk a tat at a a tks s tkg a.

i t, ts sa as gv s, ast a st utu, t a a

sv ats. T as st a u (tk m ug

utu) a sut (t sast s gas ca G.

hu as sk ts ga a t utat). ma s av

asus. ma tuts t ua utu av sa-

vag g tuts t t, tt s ta sx as sta tt ts t saguag t tkg tas

ts g a , t vtg tat s ts jtvt, atat,

uvsat.

wats , s as tut t sg t sagua

t uqu asu, a jtv a uvsa tugt, as s a afts

t t ataa , tat s t a sst at tat as sttut ts

t a vta vsat.

it su sa tat s, at at t, ts tu gav s t -

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coSmoS And hiSTory60

sv ats, tg a v t sa t

a g t quat a at tt. i Aa a t a

t a s tat suass t a agus ts a t-

at. T ass a, ta ats, a ttuas a tt u aa

ts s, tug t s taa ag a t t g-

gs t st vt, t sxts a svts t ast tu: just tk

caa lz.2

T us t ts a as ta xt, uttg -

ts t a stat ag. w su az tat ts s t stg -tus

t st: ta s a ata sst a s gv u

ta ts, s u s tat t av a a sts tut -ts, t a ats, tast, v a t s , a

t st tat uat a v a az s sut t t s. w a

vg ts t, a a tat at u t a qust

a: a t ts t, tg s t t a s a s-

tak s akg ta a g ast t t.

T tugt tat vs t a ta stt, s t sa t

at at s t ta ts, t tugt tat uss t atvt at,

s a tugt tat a ts aausss tug t ssss a v

t ua gs. Ts ssss t xts t k ssa

at. but t as ts , aus t xt t k ssa -

at s t s t ta stut tat asts ts t s

v ts.

i t t s, t as aas , a t tg, us

t sst at, atv ua tafs a at t xags

t atu, a -a tg, u uss a xts, s at t

ug. but vtg u av a t a svt tut t

st susss-asg tut t tut a sa

aat t as a ga t atta.

wt st susss-asg, t utugt as t vk sv -

ats, t tugt, tat aks tk. T

t us t ts a s a ut ts ak sat

tat i k t a a g, t t tt t Lesquive K (a

2003). T aass g s a tsts s at t as t sus s: t ttg s u t t tajts , t

ts ts, xs t ts auats; t xst at a t va x-

ag a autus a atg at.

w tugt, stuk t taua g t tkg a she, s t at

2. [caa lz (1931-1982) as a st t, a s s-susss a sxua

. S as a u t gu a usg us Rivolta Femminilea t aut , ag

ts, Sputiamo su Hegel[lts St hg] (1970) a La donna clitoridea e la donna vaginale[T cta

wa a t Vaga wa] (1971).]

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lUiSA mUrAro 61

g ts t as tat aust t, t taua s a

gg s a a ss sxua . ou s a gs a

tas: t s t s a asg, ut a x. i gt ts u-

tat, s av a a ta at, t us t ts a

s vs, a t a tat ts us ugt t a ass sta-

us. w tus t v ts ts as a att gag a xst

st . n: agast , ut ts ak a t ts tt.

T ss sxua s k t agt a stg ts; t ss

u t at t s t asat t t uvsa, u v-

t s t sss jtvat, u aa t

ttat.m a tss, ts txt a ts as tkg, s tat t aa a-

tt agast us, ts v ts a a tg t xtat t

, s sttut t s , as s.

T taua a utugt stg ts gvs s t a u asta-

ts, ag s t a vg s, Saksa tasats v

tv baqus qust.

wat, a t v sak tu?, mats a as asks s, t

ts, gs t az ts. h asks s ut u, ast as t gt

mat t tak aut t tg t t ts, avg t t u tu-

tat s atg s su.

a t t utugt, at a at tkg as s s t. T

ag s t tat g v, v tug ts t s staus t -

vs ak u v tg at ta at xstut t v

s aus stg tat s ua tu. Ts s at t aa us

tut ssts , stg tat t qusts a t s us saz .

Ts s t t as t mat, s sta v t tut s vt

a su s sks t az, tut v g s as t st

a vg tat a at asg tat s, u a, av a: su-

g a tkg.

o us, st t tk t v t ag tat tut a tasat

t t; t a s a ustas a xss tuts a

tv. Tat s a agug aut t utugt.

w sa tat a ts a t t sa tg, i a ta tat sa stg tu. b saying the truth, i a tat tt at t ss

savg t g t tga i a, tut takg ts ut, tat ts

g t tg s t a gu s, ut ts t ts atua av-

us. ns s t s, a t s t ss t sa t tut ts tut

s t, s, s a, at k t as a t gu t at.

Tat s a s ata ts s k, ts t sv. p

tass ts v t ssss t t ts gs. it u t fut t

stat tat, ag at as as ta tks, t st at

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coSmoS And hiSTory62

s a ts t tsvs, ss sus, s t -

t g ta ak g vu t g . w

a ts ts, t ts a : i a tkg t

t A m a Gu Att, ut i a as tkg t gat ta

tks, k maav s, tks su s ts gt as vts

ts, t t as t at g .

T g a su u t ts: sas tat aas

s t s ts t, tat t at sta t sttv ua x

vuat; t t sas tat uss vtg a v, v ts

av t. ma as ag, Gu Att a a qu aut t sag a-

g t us [logora] ts av t, utg tat t us ts do notav t. but s as t vg at a t ts

av t, as s at s t t pa St a t at T

Sv, stv t aut a a tt t Il Divo (ita 2008)

S, tug i a su tat a sakg t tut, i a st stuk t baqus

sus: tat t v t a sak t tut a tat i a v s. T

s a ak ts, ag ta , s as takg a

sat sta . i jt t t tat ts at ag t ,

ut tat t atts ssu at g. p s stg tat sss, t

ss t itaa premere: t t sss a attats. T ak t t

raison dtre ts s aat; t k t at a sat sta s us.

wat s ts a at? ds t a t g t gt

at t t xts? o a , ust , a ss vus a sv

atuat?

t xags tat st tut ts t ( t ju-

a Via Dogana, 86, St 2008), t g t suggst tat su t

t t vs tt, t st at t. wat i a t ts uu xs-

s, i st t t a oc, s tat t k t

gv u a tut, v t ast st s, t saka at t -

at sus, v u a, as s a , aus ts utss,

aks u x s a u at ua.

T qua at a t as, a as av a, t .

Ts s a xt tat , s us v as tat a

ag s at t at. i ta stu gag v, On Vio-lence(1970), haa At quts Vtas t p ssts akg ts

at as i s, a ts ts, ag max w: t s a-

t i a asst agast t ssta ts.3 Gv ts ts,

t ss t sats, At ts a stv ag sak, a ag s

ut at a sujugat. T sk s tat agut, a

as t u t, t as u avsa t t v .

nt ts tg us sa t us tat taks

3. haa At, On Violence, n yk, haut & ba, 1970, . 36.

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lUiSA mUrAro 63

a t a tut us, tut a a ua, t a ts.

w t st, as i aa sa, tat s t ut a t us ag-

g t at t usvs a t , at as uttg u-

svs a stuat, k t s-aass gu t s vt, t

s ss t x (tat s, t g t t ts ) a t as t

v a ts ts ag at a ts x.

Ag, t as at sugt tut ug t sk t a

agut. i k a av ts uag, ak sss

t g gats, ut t t t as tat t t u, stg tat

as as t vs tt, t t at t gz tat t a a s-

tak. i ts s t as, ts a tusa ts tt t sta ut t!T tk t utugt as g tut t ta tat u ssa-

a su jugt. hv, xsg usvs t t sk s-t,

t g ust sg u a, t as tat ak a sv-

s, as g as t s u aass ts xsu. a oc u

av sa: as g as t gt tat t s t v a t t s ga.

i at t stss tat t sak as i av, t vs tt, s t a -

sg , a t sak tg ts tt s t a vtat t ak -

ss t t. T ut a stg t t, a tat s a.

Tak t as u: akg s st uta sts at u t

t t a at saass, sts, s st atts, t

at tas sxua auss su at t as s t

a, ats t xu. h s v stuk ts, a t s xtt tu, ut,

s s kg a aus s atts ss, s t a svs.

T ut, v, stas t ass a at stak, t su

sa (a ats a su tgs?)usg t a ut -

t, t s t tut ast, t g v. Ts v t

t gt t. i , u s t usta tat t att, t ta

sut, as ut t s a uat t a ts

u t ut t s. Ta t t tk tat ts tas sxua auss

t a va a ast ss t, ut ts sat s t vaat

us v, t aa t jugt aut tut a ast at t v at

t st t at v a t a stg t t usus. i t

s, t t vg at t a t ast ats.A tat as ts a : t ss tat, xsg usvs t t sk

t a agut t su at, a t s k -

at as a sut. Tat s s t s: ut a ag t

a s . nt a ava at, ut a a g t tut

asutsg t. it s t v a att aktg at, u a ast

sut, s su a aktg s t t u . it s u t su a

tk, tat s t a t stat tt s, t t z t

a s s a taks ts tat a. Ts as us t tk tut as

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coSmoS And hiSTory64

a t usvs t a t utugt as.

Ts a ats u ak: t stugg agast uat qus s-

tg k a suss ats tats. but t as s us t a t t

t sjut t ts a tut sg , t a,

a tut ug usvs t t t t as t t, a t

s ga us t just t us t a ts.

T tats at a t s xtt aas tus t , as uaut

ata a ustat. T gat aas k ts, a t s-

tvst ss sv t t. S t, t Va c, sta t

t tats at t u stat, tut sug. est ma, t

tat, a uts tat kg s aas, t s xtt, a ttat:tat ? i t s, a t stt sakg ag t a s

at ( u ass), ut .

T s , i av aa sa s t agt

t ug t a t ts a , s ta a a vtu,

a ta xtausss . i t k atg aa u

tat, t s t s , ta t g assag

Sat paus est t t ras, s aat s su as t ast ak at s at

stak ugsa. Ts s at t ast ast sas:

d t v v, ut v v t g. lt v s

sujt t t gvg autts; t s autt xt G,

a ts autts tat xst av sttut G. T v

ssts autt ssts at G as at, a ts sst u

jugt. us a t a t t g ut, ut t a. d u s

t av a t autt? T at s g, a u v ts

ava; t s Gs svat u g. but u at s g, u

su aa, t autt s t a t s va! it s t svat

G t xut at t g. T ust sujt, t

aus at ut as aus s. t sa as u

as a taxs, t autts a Gs svats, us t ts v tg. pa

t a at s u ttaxs t taxs a u, vu t vu s

u, st t st s u, u t u s u. o

atg, xt t v at; t vs at as u

t a. T ats, yu sa t t aut; yu sa t

u; yu sa t sta; yu sa t vt; a a t at,a su u ts , lv u g as us . lv s g

t a g; t, v s t ug t a (r. 12, 21-13, 8).

i t t ga ssus as ts aus assag t

t sttut autts, a tsu as t ts st t t txt

t; i u s k t t tat, qutat, t pau assag

s a t ass tat a ts txt, s t s v ts (agape). i

ts, i Ka bats auttatv tag.

At tt, t s ts assag t est t t ras s

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lUiSA mUrAro 65

t ts ta ag, s a. T s at , s tat

t ss uata t v a aus t aas t a vau t t

avu t ag t , t t s, ts .

wv as pau t at a vu s tt at ts t t tu

s asa ttat, t ak ata t u utu, t st a

tv sta sta. i tk su t ak ts ts t,

u s ak t ag paus s. T su t t ta

ag: t astst t t, t tt. T aat t sut

tat pau tas t t ut cstas r s at su as t t

ts st. A vta . T astst ass a tat t t s

t a a ; t ta, as s as sus g tat vsat, a ts s a a tga at t ag. i gt

ts t, t txt utat aas as a cryptogram, s ag s at st sgt

t aqu, ut s vus as s as u gas t.

T ag i gs, as i av aa ak, s t tag t

s a t sutat s ts g -

atg a gat xtat ts ga. At t at t pau tag

s t vtat t t a usvs t t v t ats s -

g s t t st t t sttut autts. T, ts tt t

gv t t vtg t a a t v tat sg t u -

u stg tat s t t tt t v a tg t

at. r t gg a t assag, stuat tsvs

at v g, ts ats Jsus cst v, t v

v s ugt t as tat t s aa gat , t v v s t

t tas ts. b atv st a vuta usss.

i s aus ta t t est t t ras, Ka bat sas: t

sv t ts us t vt t a

t v t jugt sta; t s t vutas, a tt

a a t a tat sus t , aus t at s t

ust t at , t st tv. Tat s t s t tat

ust t a tat s t s t t tat pau saks.

w a stg t v t a v sa t txt haa

At v aa t, s saks vuta v,

stak as t a t tut t ttv us ua st.

i k st ts a tuus ga ss v

t sa a a vut a aa t sttut t ss

tut. i ts tu, t at v u ak t ss

t tut autat sss t a ua aas, t as

v u av a tat t. it s t ut, v, a

at, as stgus avu, t tut at ts u

av autata a t ta.4

4. At, On Violence, . 30-1.

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coSmoS And hiSTory66

As s k, At sags t ts tz tat ts s tg ut

t stugg , a s v ss satt t t agut tat v s t

qutss . S ss t g t, as s a

a ts u sa: it s, i tk, a at sa t t st stat

ta s tat u tg s t stgus ag su k s as

, stgt, , gt, autt, a, a, va

t stt, t a a u a xst uss t . T us

t as ss t ats a ta ass t gust ags,

u sus ug, ut as sut a k ss t st t t a-

ts t s t.5 but s s, as iv aa t, s t s t a-

gut t a saks a vg , gatg t t -ta at a ( , as s k, s t a us,

s taks rsa luxug). T s ak t pau txt atu-

ats as gtg v t g, s aagus gv At t xsvss

a atg t tat aks stg a t , a

as vuta v ug t , avg t ak.

T tss tat avag s suft a: ts utags ts

taks t ts s t ga t ts. o tt, -

ts s t a u sg aa utg usvs t tag t a-

ts a a sta, t st t at v,

a v s aat s sttv s.

T ts t stagt (t dnouement, t a )

t a t g a , as s stg t

ra e, su as t tugt a s pau t t ut

t cstas r, s u tks k Ka bat a

S w, auts av tu t uat a a t u -

ta tugt.

w a t ag t a vs as t t gtt, v

av as ts sua sv At. but k tat cstat, at

avg at t ta tg t ra e, t a ta xtt st

t. T pau a t s ut sta,

ut t at a t va a s t aa gts t t

t.

wats t t t us () t g t ut aga? m as s usqu: t st us, t s t , t s t a tat s ts u us. T a as a ts a

t t sta uta at s a t at as

ak, aus t as t stgt t u a z a s .

Tasat At Tsa

5. At, On Violence, . 43.

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lUiSA mUrAro 67

worKS ciTed

At, haa, On Violence, n yk, haut & ba, 1970.

mua, lusa, la d ma, Via Dogana, . 86, 2008.

mua, lusa, Al mercato della felicit. La forza irrinunciabile del desiderio [At the Market of

Happiness: The Unrenounceable Force of Desire], ma, ma, tg

2009.