ClothesThen and NowRichard Northcott

Read and discover at l about c lothes in thc rr , ' . rand clothes today .... Where were your clothes made?. What is a fashion victim?

Read and discover more about the wortd!This series of non-fiction readers providesinterest ing and educat ionaI content, wi thactivit ies and project work.

Series Editor: Hazet Geatches

r? Audio CD Pack available

Word count for thls prder: 3,716

Levet 3600 headwords

Level 4750 headwords

Level I900 [ te,r ,

/afffi|"u.,,. ,Cover photograph: Getty lmages (Woman in sari factory/Bruno Mor,ilr{lr I

2-03-1 1

3 2-50

Th,e,ll orh,d N;o,wRichard Northcott

Introduction 3

1 Why Do We Wear Clothes? 4

2 The History of Clothes 8

3 The Language of Clothes L2

4 Chitdren's Clothes 16

5 Fabrics 20

5 The Clothing Industry 24

7 Fashion 28

8 Crazy Ctothes 32

Activities 36

Projects 52

Glossary 54

About Read and Discover 56

OXTORDUNI\/BRSITY PRESS

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AnAudio CD Pack containingthis book and a CD is also availablersBN: 978 o 19 464601 7The CD has a choice ofAnerican and British Englishrecofdings ofthe cQmplete text.

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ACK N OWLE DGEMENTS

llhrstrdttofls hy: Arlene Adams p.26: Kelly Kennedy pp.7, 9, 13,20: Alan Rowe pp.35. 38, 45, 46.

The Publishers would qho like to thank the Jollowing Jbr their kiwlpcmission to rcproduce photographs and other coptright matcrial:The AdvertisingArchives p.31 (1950s Levi's advert); Akg-images p.9 (spinninglTrod,e, orts ond, rafts in Chind. Spinningand needlruork. Copper engraving, original colour'. From:Carl Bertuch, Bilderbuch fuer Kinder, vol.8, Weimar (landes-Industrie- Comptoir) 1813, nL99, fig.4.Coll. Archiv f.Kunst& Ceschichte): Alamy pp.6 (Rosemary Behar),9 (me AmolfrniMTfiage (7434lvat EyckrThe London Art Archive), 14 (buba/SELX Paule/hemis.fr), 15 (Peru/Paul Kingsley), 27 (HelenRogers), 29 (Amanda Ahn/dbimages), 30 (Martin ThomasPhotography), 34 (Coths/Allan hy): Bridgeman Art Librarypp.7 lPortrait ofoLody (oil on panel), Donck, Genit van(161040)/Private Collection/Photo O Bonhams, London,UK), l7 (lcs Meniaos, detail of the lwer half depicting the familyof Philip M (1605-65) of Spoin, 1 655 (oil on canvas) (detail of405) by Velazquez, Diego Rodriguez de Silva y (1599-1660)Prado, Madrid. Spain/Giraudon), 33 (Monstrositiesof 1818,(w/c) by Cruikshank, Ceorge (1792-1878)ivictoria & AlbertMuseum, London, UK): The Brit ish Library Board p.10: Corbispp.6 (children/Roben Wallis), 12 (newsreaders ljrance/ErikRobefticorbis Sygma), 20 (Hugh Sitton), 21 (Pallava Bagla),24 {Massimo Listri). 25 (Viviane Moos), 28 (Frank Caroll/Sygma), 34 (Harajuku girl/Everett Kennedy Brom/epa):Getty Images pp.12 (newsreaders Malaysia/tTengku Bahar/AFP), 22 (silkworms/China Photos), 32 (Dominique ChariaqWiretmage): W. L. Cnre & Associates p.23; Vivienne Lee p.14(hanbok); Oxford Uniyersity Press pp.3, 5 (modem clothes),11,13, l5 (kimono), 16, 18, 19, 22 (silk fabdc), 31 (jeans close-up);Press Association Images p.4 (Bel Uribe/Landov); Scala Londonp.8 (Coptic art: Tuic, 5fh century. New York, MetropolitanMuseum ofArt. Linen, wool, 72 in. high 53.00 in. wide (183cm high 135 cm wide). Gift ofEdward S. Harkness, 1926.Acc.n.: 26.9.8 @ 2009. Image coplright The MetropolitanMuseum ofArt/Art Resource/Scala, Florence); Science andSociety p.5 (past clothes/National Media Museum/SSPL).The author wishes to thonk Ursula Hudson, London CoIIege of Fashion

ilnffi@dseffi@mLet's think about clothes. Jeans, T-shirts, dresses,and sweaters ... you can find these clothes in mostcountries around the world. Look at the photos below.Which clothes are the same as clothes in your country?Which are different?

What clothes can you seeWhat are your favorite clothes?What are they made of and where were they made?What do you know about clothes in the past?

Nowread and discover more aboutin the past and clothes today!clothes

Whv Do :eWeamCil@ffies?

We wear clothes because we want to be comfortable.We wear clothes because we want to look good. Do wealways wear the same ctothes? Of course not! We weardifferent clothes when we do different things.

Clothes For lmportant DaysAre you wearing your best clothes today? Maybe not.

We wear good clothes at school, but we wear better

clothes at parties or on important days.

\Teddings are very important days. In this photo of

a wedding, the people are wearing beautiful clothes.They are made of an expensive fabric called silk.

$Tedding clothes are different in different countries,

but one thing is the same everywhere - people wear

their best clothes on the most important days.

Clothes For Every DayIn the past, clothes were often big and heavy. Theold clothes above don't look very comfortable. Mostpeople couldn't buy clothes made of light fabrics, likesilk, because they were too expensive. There were nosynthetic fabrics like nylon.

Today, our clothes are light and easy to wear. Theyare made quickly in big factories. Millions of clothesare made every day. Most people have lots of differentclothes because they are cheaper now.

Staying Coolor WarmS7e wear clothesbecause we want tobe comfortable inhot or cold weather.In hot weather, tightclothes are uncomfortable. If we wear loose clothes,the air can move around our bodies and help us to staycool. The men above live in a hot country. They arewearing long, white shirts called dishdashas. Whiteclothes are cool in hot weather. The men's turbansand scarves protect their heads from the sun.

In colder countries, people also cover their heads.This is because they don't want to lose heat. In placeswhere the winter is very cold, people wear hats madeof wool or fur. Heat from the bodv stavs in the woolor fur and keeps people warm.

Looking Good'That's a greatT:shirt!Where did you buy it?' ... We'realways happy when our friends like our clothes.'We likewearing nice clothes because we want to look good.

How do we look good? People'sideas about that have sometimeschanged. About 400 years ago,people in Europe wore big whitecollars around their necks.Youcan see one in this painting of awoman from Holland.

To look good today, men wear ties,and women wear scarves or jewelry.

The head and neck have alwaysbeen important in the design ofclothes. $(/hen we meet people, weusually look at the top half of theirbody - their face and their eyes.

Some people want to look rich and important.They buy expensive clothes made by famousdesigners. Presidents and politicians usually wearexpensive clothes.

7/ ln Ancient China, yeltow was theemperor's color. Onty the emperorcould wear yetlow clothes.

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W) Go to pages 36-37 for activities.

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People started wearing clothes about 100,000 years ago.Their ctothes were made of animaI skins. People alsoused to weave grass together to make rough fabric.Clothes were probably the same for men and women.

Making FabricsAbout 81000 years ago, people learned to weavethreads together to make pieces of fabric. They usedthreads of wool, cotton, or linen. They sewed thepieces of fabric together to make simple tunics. Theseearly clothes were like ourT:shirts today but they werelonger. Later, people used looms for weaving.

The spinning wheel wasinvented about 21500 years agoin India.rVith spinning wheels,people could make threadmore quickly, so making fabricwas easier. Fabrics becamemore comfortable. If you wererich, you could buy lots ofdifferent clothes.

This picture was painted inL434.It 's from Belgium inEurope and it shows a richman and woman. The man is

wearing a long tunic. At thistime, men in Europe and inAsia wore tunics.

The woman is holding thefront of her dress. There'sbeautiful decoration on herdress, but its shape is simple.It's like a tunic, but it's longerthan the man's tunic.

This linen tunic fromancient Egypt is now ina museum. It's about11500 years old.\We don'thave many clothes as oldas this tunic. Fabricdoesn't usually last long,so people throw oldclothes away. If we wantto know about clothes inthe past, we can look atold paintings.

iHU.

6ffiNcl/ People carried their money in smatl

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purses tied around their waists. They cutslits in their tunics to reach their purses.Later, these stits became pockets.

The First PantsThe first pants, or trousers, were very simple. Theywere made of two pieces of fabric sewn together -a front piece and a back piece. They were worn undera tunic.

This photo is from about 1870 and it shows a womanfrom Pakistan wearing a salwar kameez, which means'pants-tunic'. In America and Europe at that time,women wore long dresses or skirts.

Modern ClothesThe first clothes were made of a few pieces of fabric.

Then people got better at sewing, and clothes became

more complicated. There were different pieces of fabric

for the front and the back of a coat, for the sleeves,

and for the collar.

In a modern jacket, there are sometimes 60 differentpieces of fabric. Not all modern clothes are as

complicated as a jacket.You can make aT:shirt or

a sweatshirt with only four pieces of fabric. Look

carefully at some of your clothes. How many pieces

of fabric are there?

I Go to pages 38-39 for activities.

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With television, magazines, and the Internet, we seepictures of people from all around the world. We can lookat their ctothes and learn many things. What is their job?Are they rich or poor? Clothes are a type of language.

Suits for WorkThe people below are newsreaders on television. Theirclothes are almost the same. They are wearing suits.The men are wearing ties. The people in the firstpicture are in France. In the second picture, you cansee newsreaders in Malaysia. France is a very long wayfrom Malaysia - about 10,000 kilometers. They aredifferent countries in different continents. Their climateis different and so is their culture. The people speakdifferent languages. So why are these newsreaderswearing similar clothes?

Jobs and UniformsNewsreaders wear a suit because they want to sayr'I'm

a serious person. I'm telling you something important-'

People often choose their clothes because they want

to send a message to other PeoPle.

In many countries, doctors wear a white coat. A

doctor's white coat sends a message that everyone

understands. It saysr'I'm a doctor and I can help you.'

Police officers usually wear a uniform.\7hat does that

uniform tell us? It saysr'I'm a police officer and I'm

very serious.'

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elgM[_. .Wryfl Ine Tlrst British police officers had

- to wear their uniform atl the time -not just when theY were working!

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Sometimes we wear the special clothes of our owncountry. The clothes that belong to one country orplace are called traditional costume. A traditionalcostume says, 'I 'm proud of my country and myculture.'

The two women above live in Mali in Africa. They arewearing traditional bLtbas. A buba is a long dress madeof colorful fabrics. $fomen also wear a scarf on theirhead, sometimes made of the same fabric as their buba.

The traditional costume of South l(orea is the hctnboh,which means 'I(orean costume'. The hanbok is madeof bright fabrics and it 's comfortable. For women, rhehartbok is a long skirt and a short jacket. For men, it 'sa jacket and loose trousers.

The traditional costume of Peru is very colorful.

Traditional Peruvian clothes are usually made of wool.

Women wear lots of skirts. Sometimes thev wear

15 skirts at the same time!

The traditional costume of

Japan is the kimono. \fomen'skimonos are made of beautifulfabrics. usuallv silk. Men'skimonos are darker than

women's kimonos, and

they have simpler sleeves.

The decoration on a kimono matches theseason. For example, in spring, women wearkimonos with pictures of ftowers on them.

Go to pages 40-4L for activit ies.

-6,

ChflfldnenbCil@ffi@sLook in a big ctothes store and you witt find children'sctothes in many different designs and cotors. Millionsof chitdren's ctothes are made every year. Ctothes forchildren are big business.

Clothes TodayLike most clothes today, children's clothes are madeby machines in factories. Children's clothes can bemade more quickly and cheaply than in the past, somore people can buy them.

When children play, their clothes get dirty. Today'sclothes are easy to wash and dry because some of thefabrics are synthetic. Children's clothes are usuallybrighter than adults' clothes.Young children likebright, happy colors.

Clothes in the PastIn the past, life for children was often difficult. In poor

families the children had to work. They didn't havemuch time to play or have fun. The poorest childrendidn't have nice clothes, and they probably didn't have

any shoes.

There are more paintings of rich children than ofpoor children, so we know more about their clothes.Rich children dressed like adults and they had to live

like adults. They had lots of lessons and they didn'tplay much.This picture was painted in 1656.It showsthe daughter of the king of Spain. The little girl is only

seven. but she is dressed like an adult.

School UniformsAt some schools, children wear special clothes. \We

call these clothes school uniform. School uniformsare made in the school's special colors. They oftenhave the school's badge on rhe front of the jacket orthe sweater. Some schools have different uniformsfor summer and for winter.

School uniforms don't have much decoration. Thereis sometimes a jacket and a tie, and maybe a hat. Inthe language of clothes, a school uniform says, 'I'ma serious student and I work hard.'

Clothes for BabiesClothes just for babics urc a new idea. In the past,poor people wrapped long pieces of fabric aroundtheir babies to keep them warm. They didn't haveenough money to buy clothes for their babies. In richfamilies, baby boys and baby girls wore the same long,white dresses. Their clothes were nice and clean, butthey weren't very interesting.

Rompers were invented in about 1910 and they werethe first clothes made just for babies. In rompers, ababy can play and crawl easily. It doesn't matter if therompers get dirty because they are easy to wash.

In many countries it's traditional to dress girls in pink

colors and boys in blue colors. This only began about60 years ago, but people also dress their babies inmanv different colors.

Babies grow quickty, but that's not a

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s'probtem! Modern rompers are made ofloose, tight fabric, so they can stretch.

) Go to pages 42-43 for activities.

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For thousands of years, people have used woo[, cotton,and linen to make clothes. Scientists have invented newsynthetic fabrics, but people stitt like the otd fabrics, too.

OIPeople have always worn clothes made of wool,especially in cold countries. The wool comes fromsheep, alpacas, and other animals. There are differenttypes of wool. In some wool, the threads are thin. Thiswool is used to make sweaters and scarves. Thickerthreads are used to make blankets and carpets.

CottonMost shirts, T:shirts, jeans, socks, and underwear aremade of cotton. Cotton clothes are lighter than clothesmade of wool, but they are also very strong. Cotton isa soft, comfortable fabric. Cotton clothes are good inhot countries because the air goes through the fabricand keeps you cool.

Do you know how cotton is made? Cotton plants growin fields. The white balls on the cotton plant are pickcdand washed, then they are made into cotton threads.Most of the world's cotton is grown in China, India,and the USA.

When you wash cotton clothes, they crease a lot, soyou have to iron them. If cotton is mixed with syntheticthreads like polyester, it doesn't crease so much.

Wo

ffiffi@ We can make seven sweaters

with the wool from one sheep.

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Clothes made of cotton and polyester dry quickly afteryou wash them.

The first silk was made in China about 51000 yearsago. At first, it was a secret. Only a few people knewhow to make silk. Then, other people discovered thatthe secret of silk is a tiny animal, called a silkworm.

The silkworm makes a thin thread and wraps thethread around its body. In two or three days thesilkworm can make about 900 meters of thread. Thenpeople take the thread and wash it. Some people thinkthat this is bad because the silkworm dies.

People weave the silkworm's thread and make silk. Silkis expensive because it's difficult to make. Silk reflectsthe light and shines. Dresses made of silk move easilywhen the person walks. Silk clothes are comfortablebecause silk is verv soft.

Synthetic FabricsSynthetic fabrics don't come from plants or animals.They are made of chemicals, and the chemicalsusually come from oil. There are many differentsynthetic fabrics. Nylon, polyester, Spandexo, andGore-Tex(t" are some of the most important ones.Spandex@ is light and strong. It stretches and fits closeto the body, so it's often used for sports clothes, forexample, shirts and shorts for cyclists. Gore-Texu isstrong and waterproof.

\When a synthetic fabric is invented, it is tested onmachines. Is it strong enough? Will it stretch and nottear? Scientists do lots of tests to answer thesequestions.This machine is testing Gore-Tex"'. Themachine stretches the fabric thousands of times.

IGo to pages 44-45 for activities.

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All around the world, miltions of people work in theclothing industry. Famous designers and models makea lot of money. Other people don't make much money,especia[[y the workers in factories.

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BuyersBuyers work for big department stores or for

supermarket chains. They choose clothes for their

stores. They tell the factory how many clothes they

need. Big stores buy thousands of clothes every year.

They usually want a summer collection and a winter

collection. Before one winter ends, the buyer chooses

the clothes for the next winter'

tactory WorkersFactory workers use a sewlng

machine all daY. TheY work

fast, putting the Pieces of

fabric together, sewing

zippers, and adding buttons.

Do you think this is an

interesting job? MaYbe not'

but the clothing industrY

pays money to thousands of

factory workers and it helPs

their families to live. The

clothing industrY is an

important part of the world

economy.

Sales ClerksSales clerks work in the store and help people to

choose clothes. Sometimes, customers want to try on

lots of different clothes, so sales clerks must be patient.

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DesignersAll designers are good at drawing. Many are good atsewing, too. Designers know about different fabricsand colors. Everything begins with the designer. Thedesigner has an idea for a piece of clothing and drawsa design on paper or on a computer. The designerchooses the best fabric for the piece of clothing andputs it with the design.

The Supply ChainWhat is the story of a piece of clothing, for example,a coat? How does a designer,s idea become a coat ina store?\7e call this story the supply chain.

A designer designs some new coats.A buyer looks at the designs. Shechooses the best design for her store.

The design is sent to a factory.A factory worker makes one coatand sends it to the buyer. This firstcoat is called the sample.

A model puts on the sample. Thebuyer and the designer look at it.They choose different colors.

The buyer chooses numbersand sizes. She sends an orderto the factory.

All the coars are made in thefactory. They are taken to thestore by ship and by truck.

In the store, a sales clerk helpscustomers to decide if thev wanrto buy a coat.

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Fairtrercle cottcn

Plan A Fair Partner.

Protecti ng tactorY WorkersIn some parts of the world' factory workers are not

paid much money. Even children have to work in

clothes factories to make money for their family.

Some organizations try to protect workers in the

clothing industry. The F'airtrade Foundation wants

stores to pay factory workers enough money'When

this happens, a store can call its clothes'Fairtrade

clothes,. Many customers prefer Fairtrade clothes

because they aren't made by children or other poor

workers. The trairtrade Foundation also uses

newspapers and advertisements to tell people about

the problems of factorY workers'

) Go to Pages 46-47 for activities'

ffiashffionSome people like wearing the newest design of ctothes.They like buying magazines and reading about thenewest fashions. ctothes are in fashion for a year or two.Then they start to look otd-fashioned, and peopte wantsomething new.

Changing FashionsThe clothes that are in fashion change all the time.Long skirts, short skirts, wide ties, narrow ties ...Sometimes designers change traditional costumes to

make them look fashionable,too.\Where do most new ideascome from? From the past!If clothes from five years agoaren't fashionable now, whatabout clothes from ten yearsago, or 50 years ago?

Elvis Presley was a famousAmerican singer. Peoplethought that his clothes werea new idea, but they weren't.Sometimes he wore a longjacket - his grandfatherprobably wore a long jacket,too!

Clothes for EverybodyHundreds of years ago, rich people chose the next

fashion. Look again at the man and woman on page 9'

They were rich, so they could buy the most fashionable

clothes made of the most expensive fabrics'

Then things began to change. About 100 years ago,

fashion became a big business. Now, clothes

manufacturers want to sell clothes to everybody -

not only to rich PeoPle.

T"Shirts and leansFashion changes all the time, butlike T:shirts and jeans, have beena long time.

a few clothes,fashionable for

You can find T:shirrs around the world. They arecomfortable and cheap. They are usually madeof cotton, so they are easy to wash and quick to dry.

Manufacturers can put words and pictures on T:shirts.In some stores) you can choose the words and pictureson yourT:shirt.You can have the words 'I love'and thename of your town.You can even have a photo of yourpet! People use theirT:shirts to show their personality.

ff6rx-Yaf/ About 100 years ago, you didn't see peopte in T-shirts

in the street. The first T-shirts were underurear!

"sffil{qw$

About 500 years ago, sailors in Genoa in Italy wore

clothes made of a strong cotton fabric called Genoa

fustian.This name changed to jean fustian, and later it

became iust jean. Now, pants made of this fabric are

called jeans.

In North America, cowboys wore ieans because the

fabric was strong. Then jeans became very popular

when young actors wore them in movies.

One of the most famous

manufacturers of jeans is the Levi

Strauss company. There are small

metal rivets on the Pockets of Levi

Strauss jeans. These rivets stop the

pockets tearing. Rivets were used

in jeans from about 1870.

* Go to pages 48'49 for activities.

r ivet

CmaryCil@ffiesSome peopte always want to look different from otherpeople. They tike tooking for new fashion ideas. Some ofthese ideas are reatly strange. There have always beencrazy clothes, but would you reatty tike to wear them?

Fashion ShowsThe most expensive clothesare made by famous designers,usually in Paris, Tokyo,London, or NewYork. Moviestars, pop singers, and otherrich people pay thousands ofdollars for clothes made byfamous designers.

Every year, designers showtheir new ideas at fashionshows. Models put on theclothes and walk on a stage.Some of the clothes areamazing, but you can't reallywear them. Designers oftenmake crazy clothes becausethey want to see photos ofthem in the newspapers.

Fashion VictimsThere have always been crazy fashions. Some

of them are really funny. In the past, people wore

incredible hats or wigs. Some women wore very high

shoes, so they couldn't even walk. They had to walk

with a servant and hold her arm!

In most countries, people looked at big cities to learn

about the newest fashions. If they wanted to see the

most amazingclothes, they usually went to the capital.

People from the countryside liked laughing at the

funny clothes in big, busY cities.

There are still people who spend a lot of money in

clothes stores and want all the newest fashions'\We

call them fashion victims.

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Today, you can still see arnazing clothes in big

cities. Some designs are invented by groups of

young people who like the same clothes' These

designs are called street fashions. Are there street

fashions in Your countrY?

In the United I(ngdom and many other

countries, Goths wear black clothes and white

make-up. They look l ike people in a scary movie!

In Japan, there's a street fashion called Haraiuku'

This fashion is a colorful mixture of different

types of clothes. It 's called Harajuku because

the people in these clothes meet in the Harajuku

area in Tokyo.

Your clothes say a lot about you. If you wear

a traditictnal costume, it helps you to remember

the history and the culture of your country'

Other clothes show people your personality' What

are your favorite colors? tVhat type of person are

you? Are you serious? Are you sporty? Do you

like to be fashionable? The answers are in your

clothes.

Clothes are interesting and fashion is fun,

but remember - people are more important

than clothes. Don't be a fashion victim' Just

be yourself'!

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Go to pages 50-51 for activit ies.

Why DoWeWear Clothes?

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+ Read pages 4-7.

1 Write the words.

&TffissMatch.

coatshoes

dress hat scarf shirtsocks sweater tie pants

helps you to stay warm.expensive ctothes.big and heavy.

" clothes at weddings.light, comfortabte clothes.to stay coo[.

Circle the odd one out.

1 yettow ffi) white btue red

2 warm cool hot country cotd

3 wedding turban dress scarf hat

4 girts men ctothes women boys

5 eye hand face head dress

6 ny[on factory sitk wool fur

Answer the questions.

10

1

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34

5

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1 Why do people wear hats in cold weather?

2 Why do people wear their best clothes at weddings?

3 Why do peopte wear loose ctothes in hot weather?

4 Why are clothes today cheaper than in the past?

Write about your favorite clothes. What color are they?What are they made of? Where are they from?

People wear their best 1A hat made of wool \White clothes hetp youRich people often buy

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Clothes in the past wereToday, peopte wear

ffm.mm{p w&ar hats in c* cr" $ep gfr^rv wanfi t .

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The +listo ry of Clothes3 Read pages 8-11.

1 Complete the puzzle. Write the secret word.

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3 Answer the questions.

1 When did people start wearing ctothes?

2 What were clothes made of about 8,000 years ago?

What invention hetped people to make thread about

2,500 years ago?

4 What did peopte carry in their purses?

The secret word is:

Complete the sentences.

ctothes paintings pieces pants tufties

In Ancient Egypt, peopte wore simpte iunicsThere are not many

otdfrom 1,500 years ago.

can teach us about ctothes in the past.In the past, _ were made of two pieces of fabric.

tufrEruWu4 Complete the chart.

beautifuI big btack bluegreen hat tenE shoes

dresstunic

expensrvewhite

1

2

3

4

5

Adjectives Colors Ctothes

trr:::rc

5 Write about the painting on page 9. Use the words inactivity 4.

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9

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There are only four of fabric in some T-shirts.

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The Language of Clothe3 Read pages tZ-Ls.

Circle the correct words.

1 Newsreaders on television usua[[y wear a T-shirt /6,iii]2 Doctors often wear a white kimono / coat.

3 Police officers usuatly / never wear a uniform.

4 Traditional costumes are different / the same a[[ aroundthe world.

5 Traditional Peruvian skirts are made of silk / wool.

6 The hanbok is the traditional costume of south Korea /India.

Match.

1 We can learn about otherpeople if we took at their

2 Po[ice officers usuallywear aThe special clothes of acountry are called theThe buba is the traditionalcostume ofPeruvian traditional ctothesare usualty made ofMen's kimonos have

3 Do they wear a uniform? Write / or I. Then writesentences.

1 farmers @2 police officers [-l3 newsreaders D4 pitots D5 teachers !6 movie stars !7 nurses DI doctors D

h:;es-ffi?*.r* s€**=€ :**€= * r::=€9-*rgt:

uniform.

Mati .

woot.

clothes.

simpter steeves.traditionaI costume.

Answer the questions.

1 Describe a traditionaI costume in your country.

2 What do you wear on important days with your famity?

3 What do police officers wear in your country?

l

4 Which costume do you prefer on pages 14 and 15? Why?

Children's Clothes3 Read pages 16-19.

1 Circle the correct words.

interest ing.

4 Pants / Rompers were the first clothes made just for babies.

5 Rompers are / aren't easy to wash.

6 At some schools, chitdren wear a uniform ,/ costume.

2 Comptete the sentences.

babies bright serious shoesstores decoration synthetic wash

1 There are lots of chi[dren's clothes in big

3 Chitdren's clothes are usuatty -- and colorfut.

4 In the past, many poor chitdren didn't have _.

5 Students look in school uniforms.

6 School uniforms don't have much

7 Rompers are good because they are easy to

-

3 Circte the odd one out.

1 adults c[othes children babies

2 uniform summer winter spring

3 boys girls parents colors

1 In the past, rich children / students dressed tike adutts. 4 shirt school jacket pants

2 There aren't many paintings of poor / rich children. 5 rompers yettow btue green

3 In the past, clothes for babies were / weren't very 4 Answer the questions'

2 some children's ctothes are made of fabrics. 5 what do we catt special ctothes for schoo[?

1 Where are most chitdren's clothes made?

2 Why can more peop[e now buy chitdren's clothes?

3 In the past, what did rich babies wear?

4 Who is the gir[ in the picture on page 17?

6 Why can rompers stretch?

8 People dress in many different colors.

-

5 Write about what you wear to school.

Fabrics+ Read pages 20-23.

Write cotton, silk, or wool.

r t i t f comes from a t iny animal.

2 We get from sheep and alpacas.

3 Scarves and sweaters are often made of

comes from a plant.

clothes are expensive.

6 Most T-shirts and undenrear are made of

Complete the sentences.

China silkworm sports synthetic winter

1 Woot is good for

2 Most cotton comes from

3 Sometimes cotton is mixed with

4A

5 Many

clothes because it is warm.

, lndia, and the USA.

Complete the sentences. Then write the numbers.

dry grow pick threads underwear washed

Cotton plants qrsw in fietds.

People the white cotton batl.s.

The cotton batls are

The batls are made into

5 Cotton is used to make T-shirts and

6 Clothes made of cotton and polyester

Answer the questions.

1 Do you have any ctothes made of cotton?

2 Do you have a sweater? What is it made of?

1

2

3

4

4

5

quickty.

threads.

can make about 900 meters of thread.

ctothes are made of synthetic fabrics.

Circle the odd one out.

1 sheep sitkworm cotton atpaca

2 fabric strong comfortable beautiful

3 shirt thread shorts sock

4 cotton sitk woo[ dress

G

3 Do you have any ctothes made of synthetic fabrics?

ffiEP@

ffiwaw@

The Clothing Industry+ Read pages 24-27.

1 Write the words.

buttons factory truck money sewing machine zipper

2 Number the sentences in order.

A customer buys a coat.

A factory worker makes a sampte.

First, a designer designs some new coats.

A model puts on the sample. The buyer andthe designer took at i t .

The factory makes lots of coats and sends themto a store.

The buyer sends an order for lots of coatsto the factory.

The design is sent to a factory.

Correct the sentences.

1 Most peopte in the ctothing industry are very rich.**nnr t:e'**p{{: rryu $tts c"tm*hrnr* irrdugtrv ars vsr{ rictl.

2 The customer draws the design on paper or on a computer.

3 The design is sent to the store.

4 The factory worker buys the sampte.

Some famous designers make a lot of models.

6 Fairtrade ctothes are made by children.

Write sentences about these jobs.

designer factory worker model sales cterk

{ vr*utrct {iws tn hry. m bscau*e

I vroulc{n't liwm tuy Mm. m br,cav**

uDED

D

!

n?

IFashion

C Read pages 28-31.

Write true or false.

1 Some peop[e like wearing the newest fashions.

2 Otd designs often become fashionable again.

3 Att T-shirts are the same co[or.

4 The fabric of jeans was catled Genoa fustian.

5 Cowboys wore jeans because they werefashionable.

6 T-shirts and jeans are always in fashion.

Comptete the sentences

change otd-fashioned pocketsT-shirts words everybody

1

2

3

Fashionabte ctothes look

3 Match.

1 Fashions change

2 T-shirts are

3 T-shirts are usua[y made of

4 Some jeans have strong pockets

5 Jeans became very popular

when people saw themin movies.

cotton.

because they have rivets.

at l the t ime.

comfortable and cheap.

The ctothes that are in fashion

Ctothes manufacturers want to se[[ their clothes

to

The first were reat[y underwear.

Now you can put and pictures on your T-shirt.

Answer the questions.

1 Who was Etvis Presley?

2 What did peopte think of his clothes?

3 What happened to fashion about 100 years ago?

4 What are T-shirts usuatly made of?

5 What are jeans made of?

6 Why did cowboys wear jeans?

trLlc

after a few years.

a[ [ the t ime.

4

5

6 Levi Strauss jeans have rivets on the

5 Design a T-shirt. Then write about it.

I

Cra zy Clothes 3 Complete the chart.

amazing big btacklong nice orange

crazy funny hat jacket titttepink shoes short skirt white+ Read pages 32-35.

1 Comptete the sentences.

Designers Fashion victims Goths Models Young peopte

walk on the stage at fashion shows.

sometimes make qazy clothes.

want att the newest fashions.

invent amazing street fashions.

wear black clothes and white make-up.

Correct the sentences.

1 Ctothes made by famous designers are very cheap.

2 Designers show their new photos at fashion shows.

Designers [ ike seeing photos of their pets in thenewspapers.

4 Fashion vict ims want att the oldest fashions.

Adjectives Sizes Cotors Ctothes

4 Write about the model on page 32. Use the words inactivity 3.

1 What is she wearing?

2 What do you think of the clothes?

5 Find the words. Complete the sentences.

:: of a b ri ce nj ea ns rornpersu45ynth eticofr pifolmr now o o [e r

In most countries, police officers wear a t,nffir{*t 'cr;

Sitk is a very expensive

Nylon and polyester are

Ctothes made of keep us warm in the winter.

Cowboys wore because the fabric was strong.

fabrics.

5 Harajuku is a school uniform in Japan.

Did you wear when you were a baby?

ffi1a\+\

AYffisI@ ffi) Clothes and Fabrics\w%/

-1 Find out about some of your family's clothes. Look at the

labets on the clothes and complete the chart.

Where was it made?

€?':+ {=eer"h F-e"pmhtrr

Make a poster. Write sentences about your family'sclothes. Find photos of your family, or find picturesof clothes in magazines.

Display your poster.

@

What's it made of?

*1 4*d'* *urm,,ltwu' ffi'#fr, r*ttn*.#"ffi1i{, **t,s*.*l+s'

a!.1T Jganf) l*rrl?l r,*tt*rr

|

@ Fashion Desisns1 Look in magazines or on the Internet and find pictures

of different fashions. Write notes about the clothes thatyou [ike.

${| t\$ $$ $ $ $ tI t\ $ t\ t\ $ t\ t\t\ t\ t\ t\ {\ $$ {| $ $

lmagine you are planning a fashion show. Design someamazing ctothes. Draw some models wearing theclothes, and write sentences about the designs.

Disptay your fashion designs.

@

Glossaryadult a man or a woman; not a chil.d crawl to move on your hands and knees,advertisement a poster with information tike a baby

about something newarea a part of a place

countryclose to near

badge a picture or symbol that means your smoothtown or school culture the history and traditions of a

blanket a piece of thick fabric on your bed countrybright cotorful and easy to see (for ctothes) customer someone who buys somethingbusiness buying and setting daughter a person's chitd, who is a girlbuyer a person who chooses the things decoration colored patterns on clothes to

that we can buy in a store make them look nicebutton a sma[[ round thing on clothes that design a drawing of an idea for a new piece

holds them together of clothingbuttonhole a sma[[ hote in clothes where die to stop l iving

you push in a button dress to out clothes on vourself (or anothercapital the most important city in a country person)chain a group of stores that have the same economy money and business

name emperor a kingchange to become different; to make enough how much we want or need

something different fabric ctothes are made of fabric; forchemical a sol id or a t iquid that is made example, cot ton or s i tk

by chemistry fashion clothes made from the newestchitd (plural children) a very young person designschoose to decide to have something fashionable the newest and most excitingclimate the usual type of weather in a field an area of land where we grow crops,

clazy very strangecrease if fabric creases. it isn't f lat and

or keep animatsfit to be the correct size

clothing industry all the people and fustian a strong, cotton fabricorganizations that make and se[[ clothes grow to make or produce (for plants)

col[ar the part of your clothes that is industry the production of things,around your neck especiatly from factories

collection a group of new designs (for iron to make fabric f lat and smooth, withc[othes) a hot, heavy machine that you hold

comfortabte nice to wear (for clothes) jewetry (or jewellery) for example,compticated diff icutt to make (for ctothes) necklaces, rings, and braceletscostume a group of ctothes that you wear tabet a sma[[ piece of fabric with words

together on r tcotton a soft, l ight fabric made from plants last to existcountryside the land outside a town or city l inen a fabric made from plantscover to put something over something [oom a machine that weaves threads

elsecowbov a farm worker who looks after cows

@loose big and comfortable (for clothes)

Here are some wOrds used in this book, and you can check make-up colored creams that you put on sew to make ctotheswhat they mean. Use a dictionary to check other new words. your face sewing machine a machine for making

manufacturer a person or orqanization that clothesmakes things in factories

match to look the same asmean to want to say

r minerals, mixture different things together

shape for example, circle, square, trianglesilk a very soft and expensive fabricsimilar looking [ike another person or thing

something isslit a thin hole

[ikes doing sportstage a high place where people stand so

that other people can see them

traditional old; shared by many peopletry on to put on a piece of ctothing in a

turban a piece of fabric worn around thehead

uncomfortable not comfortable

waterproof can keep water outweave to put threads together and make

fa bric

wig something that you wear that looksl ike your hair

metat something hard and made from size how big or sma[[ someone or

mode[ a person who puts on new clothes special different and importantto show them at fashion shows or in sporty a sporty person is someone who

newsreader a person who reads the news strange funny; unusualon television stretch to pu[[ (for clothes or fabric)

oit a tiquid from the ground that we use for synthetic fabric fabric made fromcooking and to make gasoline chemicals, not from plants

old-fashioned fashionable in the past, but thick not thinnot now thread a [ong, thin string

order a [ist of things that someone wants tight smat[ and uncomfortabte (for clothes)organization a group of people who work tiny very, very sma[[

magazrnesmodern not from the pastnarrow thin

togetherpaid given money for workpainting a picture made with paints storepast many years agopatient happy to wait for thingspersonality a type of personpick to take flowers or fruit from where undelwear l ight ctothes that you wear

they grow under other clothespolit ician a person who works in potit ics victim a sick or unlucky personpresident an important polit ician; the top waist the middte of your body

person In a countryproblem a diff icutt thingprotect to keep safe from dangerproud pteased about something that wide thick

you havepurse a smatl bag for moneyreach to move your hand and touch wool hair from animats l ike sheep; fabricreflect to send back tight (for suntight) made from this hairsample a piece of ctothing made to find wrap to put something around another

out i f a design is good thingscary frightening; horrible zipper (also zip) a long thing that closesservant someone who works in your home the stit in a piece of ctothing

and does housework

Series Editor: Hazel Geatches . CLIL Adviser: John Clegg

Oxford Read and Discover graded readers are at four levels, from3 to 6, suitable for students from age 8 and otder. They cover manytopics within three subject areas, and can support English across thecurriculum, or Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL).

Available for each reader:

' Audio CD Pack (book & audio CD). Activity Book

For Teacher's Notes & CLIL Guidance go towww.ou p.c om / elt/teacher/reada nddiscover

\ subject

\reaLevet \

The Wortd of Science& Technotogy

The NaturalWorld

The World of Arts& SociaI Studies

@600

headwords

How We Make Products

Sound and Music

Super StructuresYour Five Senses

Amazing MinibeastsAnimals in the Air

Life in Rainforests

WonderfuI Water

Festivats Aroundthe World

Free Time Aroundthe World

@750

headwords

. At[ About Plants, How to Stay Healthy. Machines Then and Now. Why We Recycle

Att About Desert LifeAtl. About Ocean LifeAnimals at Night

lncredibte Earth

a

a

a

a

' Animats in Art

" Wonders of the Past

@900

headwords

Materials to Products

Medicine Then and NowTransportation Thenand Now

Witd Weather

' Atl About lstands. Animal Life Cyctes. Exploring Our Worldn Great Migrations

u Homes Aroundthe World

' Our Wortd in Art

@1,0s0

headwords

a

a

a

a Cetls and Microbes

Clothes Then and NowIncredibte Energy

Your Amazing Body

. Atl About Space

. Caring for Our Ptanet

. Earth Then and Nowr Wonderful Ecosystems

. Helping Aroundthe Wortd

. Food Aroundthe World

For younger students, Dolphin Readers Levels Starter, 7, and2 are available.