1.2.1b Substance and the sportsperson Learning objectives To understand the effect of smoking and...
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1.2.1b Substance and the sportsperson
Learning objectives
To understand the effect of smoking and alcohol on the performer
To understand why sportspeople take drugs.
To identify the main categories of drugs, who might take them, their effects and side effects.
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What do all these have in common?THG
NANDROLONE
THG
NANDROLONE
NANDROLONE
NANDROLONE
Steroid- Stanozol
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Performance enhancing drugs
The rewards that come with winning are so great that athletes are increasingly temped to cheat with the use of drugs.
Case study: Probably the earliest the British public were made aware of their own athletes taking drugs to enhance their performance was, in the 1960's, when the death was announced of Tommy Simpson one of Britain's greatest cyclists during the Tour de France.
Why do sportspeople take drug?Why do sportspeople take drug?
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Examples of drug use
• Six months ban for jockey over cocaine use [28/01/05]
• US Open winner Kuznetsova in positive drug test claim
• Police raid L'Equipe over Cofidis doping scandal [14/01/05]
• Juventus players caught for taking nandrolone
• Dwain Chambers tests positive for THG• 1998 tour de France scandal
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Remember B.A.N.D.S.P.
The I.O.C. attempt to keep sport clean. They produce a list of banned substances. Prohibited drugs are classified in 6 categories.
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Beta blockers:
e.g. Atenolol (Alcohol has a similar effect)
Effect: slows heart rate, calms and steadies hands
Athletes: Shooting (target sports), Snooker
Side effects: Reduces heart rate so low that heart may stop, low blood pressure and causes tiredness
The beta-blocker drugs 'sit' on receptors and stop ('block') the receptor from being stimulated.
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Anabolic steroids:
Effect: Repair body tissues after stress, promote muscle growth, ability to train harder with less fatigue
Athletes: Athletics (power events) e.g. .... 100m, Shot Putt
Side effects: Females develop male features. Liver & heart damage.
Artificially produced testosterone (MALE HORMONE).
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Narcotic Analgesics:
Effect: Reduces pain or an injury
Athletes: All events
Side effects: Nausea, highly addictive, serious injury
‘PAIN KILLERS’ - (paracetamol, morphine, methadone, heroin)
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Diuretics:
Effect: Rapid weight loss
Athletes: Boxers, Jockeys
Side effects: Dehydration, Dizziness or light headed
Remove fluid from the body.
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Stimulants:
Effect: Reduces tiredness, increased alertness & endurance
Athletes: Any event with a sprint start, Boxing,
Side effects: Raise blood pressure, hide symptoms of fatigue & addictive
Stimulate the body physically and mentally. (Tea, Coffee, Cocaine)
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Peptide Hormones:
Effect: Increase oxygen transport ( endurance)
Athletes: Cycling, marathon runners (endurance athletes)
Side effects: blood clots + cardiovascular problems
Naturally occurring hormones can be synthesised in a laboratory (EPO)
- EPO is a hormone which controls red blood cell production.
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Are these elite athletes or undetected drug cheats?
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Smoking and Alcohol
Smoking and consuming alcohol is legal but becoming less socially acceptable (smoking ban – 2007). Both have harmful side effects and can effect performance capacities.
Nicotine is taken into the blood stream through smoking.
It is an addictive drug, which raises the heart rate and blood pressure
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Lung cancer – tars are deposited in the lungs, making them less efficient and can lead to cancer
Increased risk of heart disease
Carbon monoxide reduces the effectiveness of the oxygen-carrying capacity of haemoglobin.
- therefore reduced levels of fitness
Throat cancer
There are other ways smoking can damage health:
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Small quantities of alcohol are not harmful to general health, but it does affect performance in sport. It slows reactions and affects judgement.
Alcohol contains the chemical ethanol, which acts on the brain.
Alcohol
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Further effects:
Balance, co-ordination and reactions are affected
Diuretic – alcohol can increase water levels in urine and cause dehydration
Loss of body heat – increased blood flow to the skin causes loss of heat
Reduction of glycogen levels and slower lactic acid removal
Judgement affected leading to accidents
Aggressive behaviour