12 Umts-edch Ws12
Transcript of 12 Umts-edch Ws12
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Enhanced Uplink Dedicated Channel (EDCH)
High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA)
u EDCH Background & Basics
u Channels/ UTRAN Architecture
u Principles: scheduling, handover
u Performance Results
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UMTS Networks 2Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mckenheim Nov. 2011
Background
u E-DCH is a Rel-6 feature with following targets
u Improve coverage and throughput, and reduce delay of the uplink
dedicated transport channelsu Priority given to services such as streaming, interactive and background
services, conversational (e.g. VoIP) also to be considered
u Full mobility support with optimizing for low/ medium speed
u Simple implementation
u Special focus on co-working with HSDPA
u Standardization started in September 2002
u Study item completed in February 2004
u Stage II/ III started in September/ December 2004
u Release 6 frozen in December 2005/ March 2006
u Various improvements have been introduced in Rel-7 & Rel-8
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UMTS Networks 3Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mckenheim Nov. 2011
E-DCH Basics
E-DCH is a modification of DCH Nota shared channel, such asHSDPA in the downlink !!
u PHY taken from R99
u Turbo coding and BPSK modulation
u Power Control
u 10 msec/ 2 msec TTI
u Spreading on separate OVSF code, i.e. code mux with existing PHYchannels
u MAC similarities to HSDPA
u Fast scheduling
u Stop and Wait HARQ: but synchronous
u New principles
u Intra Node B softer and Inter Node B soft HO should be supported forthe E-DCH with HARQ
u Scheduling distributed between UE and NodeB
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UMTS Networks 4Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mckenheim Nov. 2011
E-DCH Scheduling
u UE sends scheduling information
u MAC-e signaling
u On E-DPCCH: happy bit
u NodeB allocates the resources
u Absolute/ relative scheduling grants
u Algorithms left open from standards
u Depending on the received grants, UE decides on transmission
u Maintains allocated resources by means of internal serving grantsu Selects at each TTI amount of E-DCH data to transmit
u Algorithms fully specified by UMTS standard
DATA
UE NodeB
UE detects
data in buffer
Scheduling information
Schedulertakes UE for
scheduling
Scheduling grant
Scheduling information
Scheduling grant
Scheduling grant
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UMTS Networks 5Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mckenheim Nov. 2011
UMTS Channels with E-DCH
Cell 1
UE
Cell 2
R99 DCH (in SHO)u UL/DL signalling (DCCH)u UL/DL CS voice/ data
Rel-5 HS-DSCH (not shown)u DL PS service (DTCH)u DL signalling (Rel-6, DCCH)
Rel-6 E-DCH (in SHO)
UL PS service (DTCH)
UL Signalling (DCCH)
= Serving
E-DCH cell
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UMTS Networks 6Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mckenheim Nov. 2011
E-DCH Channels
u E-DPDCH
u Carries the data traffic
u Variable SF = 256 2u UE supports up to 4 E-DPDCH
u E-DPCCH
u Contains the configuration as used on E-DPDCH
u Fixed SF = 256
u E-RGCH/ E-HICH
u E-HICH carries the HARQ acknowledgements
u E-RGCH carries the relative scheduling grants
u Fixed SF = 128
u Up to 40 users multiplexed onto the same channel by using specificsignatures
u E-AGCH
u Carries the absolute scheduling grants
u Fixed SF = 256
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UMTS Networks 7Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mckenheim Nov. 2011
Timing Relation (UL)
E-DPDCH/ E-DPCCH time-aligned to UL DPCCH
Uplink DPCCH
Subframe #0
E-DPDCH/
E-DPCCH
3 Tslot(2 msec)
Subframe #1 Subframe #2 Subframe #3 Subframe #4
10 msec
CFN
15 Tslot(10 msec)
CFN+1
0.4 Tslot(1024 chips)
148chips
Downlink DPCH
10 msec TTI
2msec TTI
CFN
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UMTS Networks 8Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mckenheim Nov. 2011
HSUPA UE Categories
When 4 codes are transmitted, 2 codes are transmitted with SF2 and 2 with SF4
UE Category 7 supports 16QAM
E-DCHCategory
Max. num.Codes
Min SF EDCH TTI Maximum MAC-eTB size
Theoretical maximum PHYdata rate (Mbit/s)
Category 1 1 SF4 10 msec 7110 0.71
Category 2 2 SF4 10 msec/2 msec
14484/2798
1.45/1.4
Category 3 2 SF4 10 msec 14484 1.45
Category 4 2 SF2 10 msec/
2 msec
20000/
5772
2.0/
2.89
Category 5 2 SF2 10 msec 20000 2.0
Category 6 4 SF2 10 msec/2 msec
20000/11484
2.0/5.74
Category 7(Rel.7)
4 SF2 10 msec/2 msec
20000/22996
2.0/11.5
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UMTS Networks 9Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mckenheim Nov. 2011
E-DCH UTRAN Architecture
MAC-c/sh
MAC-d
RLC
RRC PDCP
Logical Channels
Transport Channels
MAC-b
BCH
BCCHDCCHDTCH
SRNC
CRNC
NodeB
DCH
Upper phy
DSCH
FACH
Evolution from Rel-5
E-DCH functionality is
intended for transport of
dedicated logical
channels (DTCH/ DCCH)
MAC-hs
HS-DSCH
w/oMAC-c/sh
MAC-dflows
MAC-e
MAC-es
MAC-dflows
EDCH
E-DCH in Rel-6
Additions in RRC toconfigure E-DCH
RLC unchanged
(UM & AM)
New MAC-es entity with
link to MAC-d
New MAC-e entity located
in the Node B
MAC-e entities from
multiple NodeB may serve
one UE (soft HO)
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UMTS Networks 10Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mckenheim Nov. 2011
MAC-e/es in UE
MAC-e/es Functions
u Priority handling
u Per logical channel
uMultiplexing
u MAC-d flow concept
u Mux of data from multipleMAC-d flows into singleMAC-e PDU
u Scheduling
u Maintain scheduling grant
u E-TFC selectionu HARQ handling
Cf. 25.309
MAC-es/e
MAC Control
Associated Uplink Signalling:E-TFCI, RSN, happy bit
(E-DPCCH)
To MAC-d
HARQ
MultiplexingE-TFC Selection
Associated SchedulingDownlink Signalling
(E-AGCH / E-RGCH(s))
Associated ACK/NACKsignaling
(E-HICH)
UL data(E-DPDCH)
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UMTS Networks 11Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mckenheim Nov. 2011
MAC-e in NodeB
MAC-e Functions
u Per user
u HARQ handling:ACK/ NACKgeneration
u De-multiplexing
u E-DCH control:Rx/ Tx controlsignals
u E-DCH scheduling for allusers
uAssign resources
(scheduling grants)
u Iub overload control
Cf. 25.309
MAC-e
MAC Control
E-DCH
AssociatedDownlink
Signalling
AssociatedUplink
Signalling
MAC-d Flows
De-multiplexing
HARQ entity
E-DCH
Control
E-DCHScheduling
Common RG
UE #2
UE #N
UE #1
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UMTS Networks 12Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mckenheim Nov. 2011
MAC-es in SRNC
MAC-es
MAC Control
FromMAC-e inNodeB #1
To MAC-d
Disassembly
Reordering QueueDistribution
Reordering QueueDistribution
Disassembly
Reordering/
Combining
Disassembly
Reordering/
Combining
Reordering/
Combining
FromMAC-e inNodeB #k
MAC-d flow #1 MAC-d flow #n
MAC-es Functions
u Queue distribution
u Reordering
u Per logical channel
u In-sequence delivery
u Macro-diversity
combining:
frame selection
u Disassembly
Cf. 25.309
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UMTS Networks 13Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mckenheim Nov. 2011
Data Flow through Layer 2
MAC-es PDUMAC-e header
DATAHeader
DATA
DATA
DDI N PaddingO t
RLC PDU:
MAC-e PDU:
DDI N DATA
MAC-d PDU:
DDI
RLC
MAC-d
MAC-e/es
PHY
TSN DATA DATAMAC-es PDU:
DATA
u DDI: Data Description
Indicator (6bit)
u MAC-d PDU size
u Log. Channel ID
u Mac-d flow ID
u N: Number of MAC-d PDUs
(6bit)
u TSN: Transmission Sequence
Number (6bit)
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UMTS Networks 14Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mckenheim Nov. 2011
Hybrid ARQ Operation
u N-channel parallel HARQ with stop-and-wait protocol
u Number of HARQ processes N to allow uninterrupted E-DCH transmissionu 10 msec TTI: 4
u 2 msec TTI: 8
u Synchronous retransmissions
u Retransmission of a MAC-e PDU follows its previous HARQ (re)transmissionafter N TTI = 1 RTT
u Incremental Redundancy via rate matching
u Max. # HARQ retransmissions specified in HARQ profile
New Tx 2 New Tx 3 New Tx 4 Re-Tx 1 New Tx 2 Re-Tx 3 New Tx 4 Re-Tx 1 Re-Tx 2New Tx 1
ACK
ACK
NACK
NACK
NACK
NACK
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UMTS Networks 15Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mckenheim Nov. 2011
E-DCH UE Scheduling
u UE maintains internal serving grant SG
u SG are quantized Maximum E-DPDCH/ DPCCH power ratio (TPR), which are
defined by 3GPPu Reception of absolute grant: SG = AG
u No transmission: SG = Zero_Grant
u Reception of relative grants: increment/ decrement index of SG in the SGtable
u AG and RG from serving RLS can be activated for specific HARQ processes for
2msec TTIu UE selects E-TFC at each TTI
u Allocates the E-TFC according to the given restrictions
u Serving grant SG
u UE transmit power
u Provides priority between the different logical channels
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UMTS Networks 16Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mckenheim Nov. 2011
Scheduling Grant Table
Index Scheduled
Grant37 (168/15)
2*6
36 (150/15)2*6
35 (168/15)2*4
34 (150/15)2*4
33 (134/15)2*4
32 (119/15)2*4
31 (150/15)2*2
30 (95/15)2*4
29 (168/15)2
14 (30/15)2
13 (27/15)2
12 (24/15)2
11 (21/15)2
10 (19/15)2
9 (17/15)2
8 (15/15)2
7 (13/15)2
6 (12/15)2
5 (11/15)2
4 (9/15)2
3 (8/15)2
2 (7/15)2
1 (6/15)2
0 (5/15)2
u Scheduling grants are max.
E-DPDCH/ DPCCH power ratio (TPR traffic to pilot ratio)
u Power Ratio is related to UE datarate
u Relative Grants
u SG moves up/ down when RG = UP/DOWN
uAbsolute Grants
u SG jumps to entry for AG
u 2 reserved values for ZERO_GRANT/INACTIVE
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UMTS Networks 17Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mckenheim Nov. 2011
Timing Relation for Scheduling Grants
u AG and RG associated with specific uplink E-DCH TTI, i.e. specific HARQ process
u Association based on the timing of the E-AGCH and E-RGCH.Timing is tight enough that this relationship is un-ambiguous.
u Example: 10msec TTI
1 2 3 4 1 2 3
E-RGCH
E-AGCH
E-DCH
HARQ process
number
Scheduling
decision
Load
estimation, etc
AG applied to this
HARQ process
RG interpreted relativeto the previous TTI inthis HAR rocess.
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UMTS Networks 18Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mckenheim Nov. 2011
Scheduling Information
u Happy bit signaling
u One bit status flag send on E-DPCCH at each TTI
u Criterion for happy bit
u Set to unhappy if UE is able to send more data than given withexisting serving grant
u Otherwise set to happy
u Scheduling Information Reporting
u Content of MAC-e reportu Provides more detailed information (log. channel, buffer status,
UE power headroom)
u Will be sent less frequently (e.g. every 100 msec)
u Parameters adjusted by RRC (e.g. reporting intervals, channels toreport)
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UMTS Networks 19Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mckenheim Nov. 2011
HSUPA Scheduling
EDCH NodeB Scheduler
QoS Parameters
Throughput bounds
Feedback from UE
Scheduling InformationReports
Other constraints
NodeB decoding capabilities
Iub bandwidth limit
UE capabilities
Radio resources
UL Load (interference)
Allocate (absolute/ relative) Scheduling
Grants (max. allowed power offsets)
UE allocates transport formats according to
the allocated grants
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UMTS Networks 20Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mckenheim Nov. 2011
NodeB Load Scheduling Principle
E-DCH scheduler constraint
u Keep UL load within the limit
Scheduler controls:
u E-DCH load portion of non-serving
users from other cells
u E-DCH resources of each serving user
of own cellPrinciples:
u Rate vs. time scheduling
u Dedicated control for serving users
u Common control for non-serving
users
Note: Scheduler cannot exploit fast fading !
Non E-DCH
Non-serving
E-DCH users
Serving
E-DCH users
UL Load UL Load
target
UE #1
UE #m
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UMTS Networks 21Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mckenheim Nov. 2011
Rate Scheduling
u UEs are continuously active
u Data rate is incremental increased/decreased by relative scheduling grants
u No synch between UEs required
u Load variations can be kept low
u For low to medium data rates
Time Scheduling
u UEs are switched on/ off by absolutescheduling grants
u UEs should be in synch
u Load variations might be large
u For (verry) high data rates
E-DCH Scheduling Options
time
rate
time
rate
UE1UE2 UE3 UE1
UE1
UE2
UE3
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UMTS Networks 22Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mckenheim Nov. 2011
Non-scheduled Mode
u Configured by the SRNC
u UE is allowed to send E-DCH data at any time
u Signaling overhead and scheduling delay are minimized
u Support of QoS traffic on E-DCH, e.g. VoIP & SRB
u Characteristics
u Resource given by SRNC:
u Non-scheduled Grant = max. # of bits that can be included in a MAC-e PDU
u UTRAN can reserve HARQ processes for non-scheduled transmission
u Non-scheduled transmissions defined per MAC-d flow
u Multiple non-scheduled MAC-d flows may be configured in parallel
u One specific non-scheduled MAC-d flow can only transmit up to the non-
scheduled grant configured for that MAC-d flow
u Scheduled grants will be considered on top of non-scheduled
transmissionsu Scheduled logical channels cannot use non-scheduled grant
u Non-scheduled logical channels cannot transmit data using Scheduling Grant
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UMTS Networks 23Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mckenheim Nov. 2011
E-DCH Power Control Tx Power of E-DPCCH/ E-DPDCH
u E-DCH is power-controlled the same way as R99 DCH
u E-DPCCH/ E-DPDCH power controlled with offsets relative to DPCCH
u DPCCH still under closed inner/ outer loop power controlu E-DPCCH/ DPCCH offset signaled by RRC
u E-DPDCH/ DPCCH offset adjusted according to selected E-TFC
u Reference PO/ reference E-TFCI signaled by RRC
u Calculated for other E-TFCI from reference PO (specified in standard)
u Additional offset DHARQ in HARQ profile for each MAC-d flow to satisfydifferent QoS requirements
u E-DCH quality control loop
u Each MAC-es PDU received by the SRNC contains indication of how many
retransmissions were required to decode it
u Measure of the received E-DCH quality
u SRNC may react as followsu Update SIR target setting for DPCCH via DCH FP signaling
u Signal new power offset settings to UE/ NodeB via RRC signaling
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UMTS Networks 24Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mckenheim Nov. 2011
E-DCH Operation in Soft Handover
u Macro-diversity operation on multiple NodeBs
u Softer handover combining in the same NodeB
u Soft handover combining in RNC (part of MAC-es)
u
Independent MAC-e processing in both NodeBsu HARQ handling rule: if at least one NodeB tells ACK, then ACK
u Scheduling rule: relative grants DOWN from any NodeB haveprecedence
NodeB 1 NodeB 2
UE
scheduling grant
HARQ ACK/ NACK
scheduling grant
HARQ ACK/ NACK
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UMTS Networks 25Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mckenheim Nov. 2011
Mobility Handling
u The UE uses soft handover for associated DCH as well as for E-DCH
u Using existing triggers and procedures for the active set update
(events 1A, 1B, 1C)u E-DCH active set is equal or smaller than DCH active set
u New event 1J: non-active E-DCH link becomes better than active one
u The UE receives AG on E-AGCH from only one cell out of the E-DCHactive set (serving E-DCH cell)
u E-DCH and HSDPA serving cell must be the same
u Hard Handover, i.e. change of serving E-DCH cell
u Using RRC procedures, which maybe triggered by event 1D
u Could be also combined with Active Set Update
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UMTS Networks 26Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mckenheim Nov. 2011
Mobility Procedures
Inter-Node B serving E-DCH cell change within E-DCH active set
Note: MAC-e still established in both NodeBs !
NodeB NodeB
MAC-e
NodeB NodeB
MAC-e
ServingE-DCH
radio link
ServingE-DCH
radio link
s t
SRNC SRNC
MAC-es MAC-es
MAC-e MAC-e
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UMTS Networks 27Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mckenheim Nov. 2011
Serving E-DCH Cell Change
SRNC=
DRNC
Target serving
E-DCH cell
UE
RL Reconfiguration Prepare
RL Reconfiguration Ready
Radio Bearer Reconfiguration
Radio Bearer Reconfiguration Complete
Source serving
E-DCH cell
If new NodeB
Synchronous
Reconfiguration
with TactivationRL Reconfiguration Commit
Serving E-DCH cell
change decision
i.e. event 1D
RL Reconfiguration Prepare
RL Reconfiguration Ready
RL Reconfiguration Commit
UE receives now
AG & dedicated RG
from target cell
u Handover of E-DCH scheduler controlu No changes in UL transport beareru No MAC-es RESET
u Handover of HS-DSCH serving cellu DL transport bearer setupu MAC-hs RESET
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UMTS Networks 28Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mckenheim Nov. 2011
E-DCH RRM Principle
E-DCH resources controlled by
uUL load targetu E-DCH non-serving load portion
NodeB schedules E-DCH usersaccording to RNC settings
u Priority for non E-DCH traffic
RNC still controls non E-DCH loadportion
u By means of e.g. admission/congestion control
u Based on an estimate of non-EDCH loadNon E-DCH
Non-serving
E-DCH users
Serving
E-DCH users
UL Load UL Load
target
Non E-DCH
load portion
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UMTS Networks 29Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mckenheim Nov. 2011
User Throughput vs. Aggregate Cell Throughput
u 36 cells network
u UMTS composite channel
model
u FTP traffic model (2 Mbyte
upload, 30 seconds thinking
time)
uMaximum cell throughputreached for about 78 UEs
per cell
u Cell throughput drops if #UEs
increases further since the
associated signaling channel
consume UL resources too
#UEs/cell1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
910
1 UE/ cell
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1012
1416182022
240
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800
AverageUserThroughput[kbps]
Aggregate Cell Throughput [kbps]
10ms TTI 2ms TTI
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UMTS Networks 30Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mckenheim Nov. 2011
Single User Performance
uAverage user throughput
(RLC layer) for different
channel profiles
u 1 UE in the network
u 1 target HARQ transmission
u For AWGN channel
conditions:
u
10ms TTI: up to 1.7 Mbps(near theoretical limit of 1.88
Mbps)
u 2ms TTI: up to 3.6 Mbps
(below theoretical limit 5.44
Mbps)
u E.g. due to restrictions
from RLC layer (window
size, PDU size)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
AWGN PedA3 PedA30 VehA30 VehA120
Scenario
AverageUserThroughput[kbps]
2ms TTI 10ms TTI
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UMTS Networks 31Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mckenheim Nov. 2011
References
u Papers
u A. Ghosh et al: Overview of Enhanced Uplink for 3GPP W-CDMA, Proc.
IEEE VTC 04/ Milan, vol. 4, pp. 22612265u A. Toskala et al: High-speed Uplink Packet Access, Chapter 13 in
Holma/ Toskala: WCDMA for UMTS, Wiley 2010
u H. Holma/ A. Toskala (Ed.): HSDPA/ HSUPA for UMTS, Wiley 2006
u Standards
u TS 25.xxx series: RAN Aspects
u TR 25.896: Feasibility Study for Enhanced Uplink for UTRA FDD
u TR 25.808: FDD Enhanced Uplink; Physical Layer Aspects
u TR 25.309/ 25.319 (Rel.7 onwards): Enhanced Uplink: Overall
Description (Stage 2)
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UMTS Networks 32Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mckenheim Nov. 2011
Abbreviations
ACK (positive) Acknowledgement
AG Absolute Grant
AM Acknowledged (RLC) Mode
AMC Adaptive Modulation & Coding
BO Buffer Occupancy
CAC Call Admission Control
CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
DBC Dynamic Bearer Control
DCH Dedicated Channel
DDI Data Description Indicator
DPCCH Dedicated Physical Control Channel
E-AGCH E-DCH Absolute Grant Channel
E-DCH Enhanced (uplink) Dedicated Channel
E-HICH E-DCH HARQ AcknowledgementIndicator Channel
E-RGCH E-DCH Relative Grant Channel
E-TFC E-DCH Transport Format Combination
FDD Frequency Division Duplex
FEC Forward Error Correction
FIFO First In First Out
FP Framing Protocol
GoS Grade of Service
HARQ Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request
IE Information Element
MAC-d dedicated Medium Access Control
MAC-e/es E-DCH Medium Access Control
Mux Multiplexing
NACK Negative Acknowledgement
NBAP NodeB Application Part
OVSF Orthogonal Variable SF (code)
PDU Protocol Data Unit
PHY Physical Layer
PO Power Offset
QoS Quality of Service
QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
RB Radio Bearer
RG Relative Grant
RL Radio Link
RLC Radio Link Control
RLS Radio Link Set
RRC Radio Resource Control
RRM Radio Resource Management
RV Redundancy Version
SDU Service Data Unit
SF Spreading Factor
SG Serving Grant
SI Scheduling Information
TNL Transport Network Layer
TPR Traffic to Pilot Ratio
TTI Transmission Time Interval
UM Unacknowledged (RLC) Mode