12 Tamil Poet

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Ts°d Lp®j Õû\ùNuû] UôYhPm

2013-2014Rªr, Be¡Xm

12Bm YÏl×

®]ô-®ûP T«t£ HÓ

ùUpXl T«ÛmUôQYoLÞdLô] ùRôÏl×

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RªrØRp Rôs


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nra;As; - rpWtpdh - njhFg;G1. flTs; tho;j;jhf mike;j ghly; ,lk; ngw;Ws;s E}Yk; fsKk; ahit?

flTs; tho;j;jhf mike;j ghly;; ,lk; ngw;Ws;s E}y;: fk;guhkhzk; MFk;.fsk; : Aj;j fhz;lk; MFk;

2. fk;ghpd; ngUikiar; Rl;Lk; njhlh;fisf; $Wf.ftpr;rf;futh;j;jp ‘fy;tpapy; nghpatd;” ’fk;gd; fk;gd; tPl;Lf; fl;Lj;jwpAk; ftpghLk;” tpUj;jnkd;Dk; xz;ghtpy;

cah; fk;gd; vd;gd fk;ghpd; ngUikiar; Rl;Lk; njhlh;fs; MFk;.

3. fk;gh; ,aw;wpa NtW E}y;fs; ahit?rlNfhgue;jhjp> VnuOgJ> rpiynaOgJ> jpUf;if tof;fk;> ruRtjp me;jhjp vd;gd fk;gh; ,aw;wpa NtW

E}y;fshFk;.

4. jkpourp FwtQ;rpapy; ghl;Lilj; jiytDk; jiytpAk; ahth;?jkpourp FwtQ;rpapd; ghl;Lilj; jiytd; Rthkpkiyapy; Nfhtpy; nfhz;Ls;s KUfg;ngUkhd; Mthh;.

ghl;Lilj; jiytp jkpod;idahfpa jkpourp Mthh;.

5. jkpourp FwtQ;rp ahh; Ntz;LNfhSf;F ,zq;f ,aw;wg; ngw;wJ?jkpourp FwtQ;rp jkpoNts; ckhkNfRtudhhpd; Ntz;LNfhSf;F ,zq;f ,aw;wg;ngw;wJ.

6. ehk; thbajw;Ff; fhuzk; vd;d?,e;jpauhfpa ehk; thbajw;Ff; fhuzk; ek;Kila tho;T kyu te;jtUk; NghdtUk; cjtkhl;lhh;fs; vd;W ek;gpf;

nfhz;L ,Ue;jNj MFk;.

7. jkpourp FwtQ;rpapd; muq;Nfw;wk; gw;wpf; $Wf.GytNuW m. tuj eQ;irag; gps;is mth;fs; jhk; ,aw;wpa ‘jkpourp FwtQ;rp” vd;Dk; E}iyf; fue;ijj; jkpo;r;

rq;fj;jpd; nts;sp tpohtpd; NghJ> Qhdpahh; mbfs; jiyikapy; muq;Nfw;wpdhh;.

8. ehkf;fy; ftpQiu ‘khepy muRk;’, ‘eLtzuRk;’ vt;thW ngUikg;gLj;jpd?ehkf;fy; ftpQiu ‘khepy muR’ ‘muritf; ftpQh;’ Mf;fpAk; gpd;dh; jkpofr; rl;l Nkyit cWg;gpduhfTk;

epakpj;Jr; rpwg;gpj;jJ eLtzuR> mtUf;Fg; gj;kG+\z; tpUjspj;Jg; ngUikg;gLj;jpaJ.

9. ehkf;fy; ftpQh; rpiw nry;yf; fhuzk; vd;d?tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;l tPuuhd ehkf;fy; ftpQh;> cg;Gr; rj;jpahf;fpufj;jpy; gq;F ngw;wf; fhuzj;jhy; rpiwj; jz;lid

mile;jhh;.

10. ehNlWk; vjidg; ghLjy; Ntz;Lk;?,e;jpah; xt;nthUtUk; ehs;NjhWk; ‘,‡J ,e;jpa ehL’ ‘,‡J vdf;Nf chpikahd ehlhFk’; vd;W Nghw;wpg;

ghLjy; Ntz;Lk;.

11. ehk; J}q;fpf; fple;jjhy; epfo;e;jJ vd;d?,e;jpauhfpa ehk; J}q;fpf; fple;jjhy;> ,e;jpa ehl;Lf;F chpik ,y;yhj me;epah; te;J ek;ik mbikg;gLj;jp Ms

Neh;e;jJ.

12. ,j;jpdk; Kjy; ehk; vt;ntz;zj;ijf; nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;?,j;jpdk; Kjy; ,e;jpah; xt;nthUtUk; ‘,e;jpa ehL vdf;F chpikahd ehL’ vd;Dk; vz;zj;ijf; nfhs;sy;

Ntz;Lk;.

13. vl;Lj; njhif E}y;fs; ahit?mfg;nghUs; E}y;fs; Gwg;nghUs; E}y;fs; mfk; Gwk;

1. ew;wpiz2. FWe;njhif 6. gjpw;Wg;gj;J 8. ghpghly;3. Iq;FE}W 7. GwehD}W4. fypj;njhif5. mfehD}W

14. GwehD}w;why; mwpag;gLk; nra;jpfs; ahit?KbAil %Nte;jh;fs;> rpw;wurh;fs;> mikr;rh;fs;> Nridj; jiyth;fs;> tPuh;fs;> filnaO ts;sy;fs; filr;rq;fg;

Gyth;fs; vd gyUila tuyhw;Wf; Fwpg;GfisAk; mf;fhy kf;fspd; tho;f;if Kiw Kjypatw;iwAk; GwehD}w;why;ed;F mwpayhk;.


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15. nghJtpay; jpizia tpsf;Ff.ntl;rp Kjy; ghlhz; ,Wjpahfj; njhy;fhg;gpadhh; $Wk; Gwj; jpizfSs; $wg;glhj nra;jpfisAk;>

mj;jpizfSf;Fg; nghJthd nra;jpfisAk; $WtJ nghJtpay; jpizahFk;.

16. nghUz;nkhopf; fhQ;rp vd;Dk; Jiwia tpsf;Ff.KdptUk; mtiug; Nghd;wtUk; ,k;ik kWikfspy; capUf;F cWjpiaj; jUtJ ,d;dJ vd;W jhk; njsptha;

mwpe;j nghUisr; nrhy;tJ ‘nghUz; nkhopf;fhQ;rp’ vd;Dk; JiwahFk;.

17. ntsthypd; Njhw;wj;ijf; $Wf.<uk; nghUe;jpa Njhiy vz;nzapNy Njha;j;jJ Nghy fUikahd rpwFfisf; nfhz;lJ> ntsthy;.

18. mfehD}W vj;jid gFjpfshf cs;sJ? vOJf.mfehD}W %d;W gFjpfshf cs;sJ.thpir vz; gphpTfs; ghly;fspd; vz;zpf;if1. fspw;wpahid epiu 120 ghly;fs;2. kzpkpil gtsk; 180 ghly;fs;3. epj;jpyf; Nfhit 100 ghly;fs;

nkhj;jk; 400 ghly;fs;

19. mfehD}w;Wg; ghly;fspd; jpiz mikg;G Kiwia tpsf;Ff.thpir vz; vz; mikg;G jpiz mikg;G Kiw1. 1> 3> 5 vd tUgit ghiyj;jpizg; ghly;fs;2. 2> 8 vd tUgit FwpQ;rpj;jpizg; ghly;fs;3. 4>14 vd tUgit Ky;iyj;jpiz ghly;fs;4. 6> 16 vd tUgit kUjj; jpizg; ghly;fs;5. 10>20 vd tUgit nea;jy; jpizg; ghly;fs;

20. ,ul;ilf; fhg;gpaq;fs; ahit?rpyg;gjpfhuKk; kzpNkfiyAk; ,ul;ilf;fhg;gpaq;fs; MFk;.

21. rpyg;gjpfhuk; -ngah;fhuzk; jUf.‘rpyg;gjpfhuk’; - rpyk;G + mjpfhuk; fz;zfpapd; fhw;rpyk;G fhuzkhf tsh;e;j fijahjyhy; ‘rpyg;gjpfhuk;’

vd;W ngah; #l;lg;gl;lJ.

22. rpyg;gjpfhuk; - E}y; mikg;ig vOJf.rpyg;gjpfhuk; %d;W fhz;lq;fisAk; Kg;gJ fhijfisAk; nfhz;L tpsq;FfpwJ.

t. vz; fhz;lk; fhijfs;1. Gfhh; fhz;lk; 10 fhijfs;2. kJiuf; fhz;lk; 13 fhijfs;3. tQ;rpf; fhz;lk; 07 fhijfs;

rpyg;gjpfhuk; 40 fhijfs;

23. kzkfspd; $e;jiyg; Nghy kze;jJ vJ?kzkfspd; $e;jiyg; Nghy kze;jJ ‘Ky;iy kyh;fNs’ MFk;. Ky;iy kyh;fs; nfhbapd;Nky; nkhl;L tphpe;J >

xsp nghUe;jp> kzkfspd; $e;jiyg; Nghy kzk; tPrpf; nfhz;bUe;jd.

24. rpyg;gjpfhuk; $Wk; %d;W cz;ikfs; ahit?1. murpay; gpioj;Njhh;f;F mwk; $w;whFk;.2. ciurhy; gj;jpdpia cah;e;Njhh; Vj;Jth;3. Co;tpid cUj;J te;J Cl;Lk; vd;gd rpyk;G czh;j;Jk; %d;W cz;ikfs;MFk;.

25. rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpw;F ciunaOjpa ngUkf;fs; ahth;?1. mUk;gj ciufhuh; - E}y; KOikf;Fk;mUk;gjq;fSf;F kl;Lk; ciu vOjpath;2. mbahh;f;F ey;yhh; - tpsf;fkhf ciu vOjpath; 3. e.K. Ntq;flrhkp ehl;lhh; - E}y; KOikf;Fk; ciu vOjpath;

26. Re;jufhz;lk; vd;W ngah; tuf; fhuzk; ahJ?mDkDf;Fr; Re;jud; vd;Dk; ngaUk; cz;L. mDkdpd; jiyik gz;Gfs; tPW ngw;W tpsq;Ftjhy; ,f;fhz;lk;

Re;jufhz;lk; vd ngah; ngw;wJ.

27. mDkd; ,uhkid va;jpaJk; nra;j nray; ahH?mDkd; ,uhkid va;jpaJk; mtDila tPuf;foy; mzpe;j jpUtbfis tzq;ftpy;iy. G+kpapy; gpwe;j


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jpUkfshfpa rPjhNjtp ,Ue;j jpiria Nehf;fpj; jiy jho;j;jp> if$g;gp> jiuapy; tpOe;J> gzpthfg; Nghw;wptzq;fpdhd;.

28. ,uhkd; Fwpg;ghy; czh;e;jit ahit?rPij eyKld; ,Uf;fpwhs;. mDkd; rPijiaf; fz;lJ cz;ik rPij> fw;G epiy jtwhJ ,Uf;fpwhs; vd;gd

mDkdpd; Kff; Fwpg;ghy; ,uhkd; czh;e;jit MFk;.

29. ‘fz;lndd;’ vd;W mDkd; $wpait ahit?Njtu;fSf;Fj; jiytNu! ahd; ,yq;if vd;Dk; efhpy;> fw;gpDf;F mzpfykha; tpsq;Ffpd;w rPjhg; gpuhl;bia

vd; fz;fshy; fz;L te;Njd;. Mjyhy;> ‘mtuJ fw;gpidg; gw;wpa Iaj;ijAk; Jauj;ijAk; ePf;FtPuhf’ vd;W mDkd;,uhkgpuhdplk; $wpdhd;.

30. ‘caph; je;J <Ak; kUe;njhj;jJ’ vd;W mDkd; Fwpg;gpl;ljd; nghUs; ahJ?,uhkidg; gphpe;j JahpdhYk; ,uhtzdJ nfhLikahYk; ‘,dp xUNghJk; ,uhkidf; fhzNt KbahJ’ vd;W

vz;zpa rPij jd; capiutplj; Jzpe;jhs;. me;j epiyapy; mDkd; je;j ,uhkdpd; fizahop> rPijf;F ,Wjpf;fhyj;jpy; caph;fhf;Fk; rQ;rPtp kUe;J Nghd;W tpsq;fpaJ. vdNt> ‘caph;je;J <Ak; kUe;njhj;jJ’ vd;W Fwpg;gpl;lhd;.

31. Mj;jhf; fpotp ahh;?Mj;jhf; fpotp vd;gts; 1. murp fz;Zf;fpdpahspd; Njhop> 2. jpUl;Lj; njhopy; nra;Ak; tPug;gdpd; kidtp

3. Ntyidg; ngw;wjha;> 4. murd; kfs; md;dj;jpd; nrtpypj; jha; Mths;.

32. fjph;ehl;L murd; murpahh; ngah;fis vOJf.fjph; ehl;L murd; ngah; - fjpiu Ntyd; . fjph; ehl;Lmuprp ngah; - fz;Zf;fpdpahs;

33. jkpof muR ghujpjhridg; Nghw;wpAs;sik ahq;qdk;?jkpof muR ghujpjhridg; Nghw;Wk; tifapy;> 1. jpUr;rpapy; ghujpjhrd; ngauhy; gy;fiyf; fofk; xd;iw

epWtpAs;sJ. 2. mth; jk; ftpij> ciu eil E}y;fis ehl;L cilikahf;fpr; rpwg;gpj;Js;sJ.

34. md;dk; Ntyidg; gw;wp tpdhtpaJ ahJ?md;dk; Mj;jhf;fpotpaplk;> Ntyidr; Rl;bf; fhl;b ‘,th; ahh;?’ vd;W Nfl;lhs;. Mj;jhf; fpotp ‘vd; kfd;’

vd;W nrhd;dhs;. gpwF mts;> ‘Nto ehl;lhh; vd;idr; rpiwg;gpbf;f tUk; NghJ mtu;fisj; jLj;J vd; capiuAk;khdj;ijAk; fhj;jth; ,th; jhNkh?” vd;W Nfl;lhs;.

35. Njk;ghtzp - nghUs; $Wf.Njk;ghtzp - Njk;;gh + mzp ‘thlhj khiy’ vd;Wk; Njd; + gh +mzp - Njd; Nghd;w ghf;fis mzpahf

cilaJ vd;Wk; nghUs; gLk;.

36. fpwpj;Jt rkaj;jhhpd; fiyf; fsQ;rpak; vd;W Nghw;wg; ngWk; E}y; vJ?fpwj;Jt rkaj;jhupd; fiyf;fsQ;rpak; vd;W Nghw;wg;ngWk; E}y; Njk;ghtzp MFk;.

37. Njk;ghtzp vj;jid fhz;lq;fis cilaJ?Njk;ghtzp %d;W fhz;lq;fis cilaJ

38. Njk;ghtzp E}ypd; ghl;Lilj; jiyth; ahh;?Njk;ghtzp E}ypd; ghl ;Lilj; jiyth;> ,NaR ngUkhdpd; tsh;g ;Gj ; je ;ijahfpa

‘#ir khKdpth;> Mthh;.

39. tPukhKdpth; ,aw;ngah; ahJ?tPukhKdpthpd; ,aw;ngah; ‘nfhd;];lhd; N[hrg; ng];fp’ MFk;.

40. tsd; vd;w nrhy;ypd; nghUis tpsf;Ff.tsd; vd;w nrhy;ypd; nghUs; ‘tsq;fis tsur; nra;gtd;’ ; vd;gjhFk;.

41. ANjah ehl;by; gifnfhz;L epd;w ,dj;jhh; ahth;?A+Njah ehl;by; gif nfhz;L epd;w ,dj;jhh;> kiy ehLfspy; tho;e;j ‘gpypj;ijah;’ Mth.;

42. ‘cyh’ vd;gjd; nghUis tpsf;Ff.cyh vd;gjw;Fg; ‘gtdp tuy;’ ; vd;gJ nghUs; MFk;.

43. Kf;$lypy; $Lk; MWfs; ahit?Kf;$lypy; $Lk; MWfs; 1. jz;nghUieahW 2. rpw;whW 3. Nfhjz;l uhk MW MfpadthFk;.

44. fyk;gfk; -ngah;f;fhuzk; jUf.fyk;gfk;- fyk;+ gfk; fyk; - gd;dpuz;L (12) gfk; - mjpy; ghjp MW (6) gjpndl;L cWg;Gfs; mikag;


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ghlg;gLtjhy; ‘fyk;gfk;’ vdg; ngah; ngw;wJ.

45. Njthu %th; ahth;?1. mg;gh; 2. Re;juh; 3. rk;ge;jh; MfpNahh; Njthu %th; Mth;.

46. Re;juh; Njthuk; ve;j jpUKiwapy; itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ?Re;juh; Njthuk;> gd;dpU jpUKiwapy; ‘Vohk;’ jpUKiwahf itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

47. Re;juu; vOjpa kw;nwhU E}y; vJ?Re;juh; vOjpa kw;nwhU E}y; ‘jpUj;njhz;lj; njhif’ vd;gjhFk;.

48. ePyNfrpapd; NtW ngah; ahJ?‘ePyNfrpj;jpul;L’ vd;gjhFk;.

49. fpwpj;Jtf; fk;gh; vd;W miof;fg;gLgth; ahh;? vr;. V. fpU\;zg;gps;is Mthh;.

50. Re;juh; ‘jk;gpuhd; Njhoh;’ vd;W miof;fg;glf; fhuzk; ahJ?rptngUkhd; Re;juiu jk; Njhouha;f; nfhz;lhh;. mjdhy; Re;juh; ‘jk;gpuhd; Njhoh’; vd;W miof;fg;gl;lhh;.

xU kjpg;ngz; njhFg;G

1. fk;gh; fhyj;jpy; tho;e;j Gyth;fSs; xUth; xl;lf; $j;jh;.2. ‘xd;Nw nad;dpd’; vd;Dk; flTs;tho;j;Jg; ghly; mike;Js;s fhz;lk; Aj;j fhz;lk;.3. jkpourpf; FwtQ;rpapd; ghl;Lilj; jiytd; KUfd;.4. Gwk;> Gwg;ghl;L vd toq;fg; ngWtJ GwehD}W MFk;.5. GwehD}w;wpd; jpizfs; gjpndhd;W.6. GwehD}w;wpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s Jiwfs; 65 (mWgj;ije;J)7. jkpohpd; tho;tpay; rpe;jidfisf; fUt+ykhff; nfhz;L tpsq;Fk; E}y; GwehD}W.8. rq;f E}y;fs; goe;jkpo; ,yf;fzk; Mfpa njhy;fhg;gpaj;Jf;F ,yf;fpaq;fsha;j; jpfo;fpd;wd.9. GwehD}w;Wg; flTs; tho;j;Jg; ghliyg; ghujk; ghba ngUe;Njtdhh; ghbAs;shh;.10. GwehD}w;Wg; ghly;fs; rpytw;iw ntsp ehl;lwpQh; [p.A. Nghg; mth;fs; Mq;fpyj;jpy; nkhop ngah;j;Js;shh;.11. vl;Lj; njhif E}y;fSs;xd;W ghpghly;.12. mfehD}W kzpkpil gtsj;jpy; cs;s ghly;fspd; vz;zpf;if 180.13. mfehD}w;Wg; ghf;fspd; mbtiuaiw13 mbKjy; 31 mbtiu14. ew;wpiziaj; njhFg;gpj;jtd; gd;dhL je;j ghz;bad; khw tOjp.15. ew;wpizg; ghf;fspd; mbtiuaiw 9 mbKjy;12mbtiu.16. fgpyh; ghz;ba ehl;bYs;s jpUthjT+upy; gpwe;jhh;.17. fgpyh; ghhp kd;ddpd; mitfsg; Gytuhf tpsq;fpdhh;.18. fgpyhpd; ghl;Lj; jpwDf;F fgpyuJ ghl;L vd;Dk; njhlNu rhd;whFk;.19. fgpyh; FwpQ;rpj; jpizg; ghly;fs; ghLtjpy; ty;yth;.20. fgpyiu ‘tha;nkhopf; fgpyh;’ vd;W Nghw;wpath; ef;fPuh; Mthh;.21. FWe;njhiff;Ff; flTs; tho;j;Jg; ghbath; ngUe;Njtdhh;.22. Iq;FW E}w;iwj; njhFj;jth; Gyj;Jiw Kw;wpa $lY}h; fpohh;.23. Iq;FW E}w;iwj; njhFg;gpj;jth; Nrukd;dd; ahidf; fl;Nra; khe;juQ; NruypUk; nghiw Mthh;.24. Fwl;gh vd;gJ <ub ntz;gh.25. mwj;Jg;ghypy; cs;s mjpfhuq;fs; 38.26. jpUf;Fwspy; mike;Js;s ,ay;fs; 9 .27. nghUl;ghypd; ,ay;fs; murpay;> mq;ftpay;> xopgpay;.28. jpUf;Fwspd; ngUikia czh;j;JtJ jpUts;Stkhiy.29. nfhz;lhlg;ngWk; jpUts;Stuhz;bd; gb mth; tho;e;j fhyk; fp.K. 3130. ‘ts;Stidg; ngw;wjhw; ngw;wNj Gfo; itafNk’ vdg; ghbath; ghujpjhrd;31. rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpYs;s fhz;lq;fs; %d;W .32. rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpd; cl;gphpT fhij .33. thp vd;gJ ,irg;ghly;.34. rpyg;gjpfhu ciuahrphpaUs; xUth; mUk;gjTiufhuh;.35. rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpw;F toq;Fk; rpwg;Gg; ngah;fspy; xd;W ciuapilapl;l.36. jhk; ,aw;wpa ,uhk fhijf;Ff; fk;gh; ,l;l ngah; ,uhkhtjhuk;37. fk;gehlfj;jpd; ahg;G tz;zq;fSf;Ff; $wg;gLk; fzf;fPL njhz;Z}w;whW.38. fk;guhkhzaj;jpYs;s fhz;lq;fs; 6 .


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39. cj;ju fhz;lj;ijg; ghbath; xl;lf; $j;jh; .40. Re;jud; vd;Dk; ngauhy; ,uhkhazj;jpy; toq;fg;gLgth; mDkd; .41. rpwpa jpUtb vd;wiof;fg;gLgth; mDkd;.42. jdia vd;w nrhy;ypd; nghUs; kfs;.43. ,uhkd; nfhLj;jjhf rPijaplk; mDkd; fhl;baJ fizahop.44. rPjhg;gpuhl;b jd;id kPl;Lr; nry;y tpjpj;j fhyk; xU jpq;fs;.45. Re;jufhz;lk; ,uhkhazj;jpy; Ie;jhq; fhz;lk; MFk; .46. tPukhKdpthpd; jha;ehL ,j;jhyp .47. nfhd;];lhd; vd;DQ; nrhy;Yf;Fg; nghUs; mQ;rhjtd; .48. njhFj;j mfuhjp rJufuhjp.49. jpUf;Fwspd; mwj;Jg;ghy;> nghUl;ghy; Mfpatw;iw tPukhKdptu; nkhop ngah;j;Jj; je;jJ ,yj;jPd; nkhopapy;50. Njk;ghtzp E}ypd; ghl;Lilj; jiyth; #ir khKdpth;51. ftpr;rf;uth;j;jp> ftp uhl;rfd; vd;nwy;yhk; Gfog;gLgth; xl;lf;$j;jh;52. ‘jpt;tpaftp’ vd;w ngauhy; miof;fg;gLgth; gps;isg; ngUkhs; Iaq;fhh;.53. jkpopy; Kjypy; Njhd;wpa fyk;gfk; ee;jpf; fyk;gfk;.54. gjpndl;L cWg;Gfshy; ghlg;gLk; rpw;wpyf;fpak; fyk;gfk;.55. ‘Gyd;’ vd;Dk; ,yf;fpatif gs;S.56. ‘gpuge;jk;’> vd;Dk; tlnrhy; czh;j;Jk; nghUs; ed;F fl;lg;gl;lJ.57. Kf;$lw;gs;S gh tif rpe;Jg;gh.58. ghujpjhrdpd; ,aw;ngah; fdf Rg;Guj;jpdk; .59. rhfpj;jpa mfhnjkpg; ghpR ngw;w E}y; gprpuhe;ijahh;.60. ghujpjhrd; ntspapl;l ,jo; Fapy;.61. ‘tho;tpdpw; nrk;ikiar; nra;git ePNa’ vd;w tho;j;ijj; jk; tho;j;jhf Vw;Wf; nfhz;Ls;s muR GJit muR.62. tlnkhopapy; ghujk; ghbath; tpahrh;.63. ghQ;rhyp rgjj;jpYs;s rUf;fq;fspd; vz;zpf;if 5 (Ie;J).64. ‘ekf;F njhopy; ftpij> ehl;bw;F cioj;jy;’ vd;W ghbath; ghujpahh;.65. ,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;bd; ,yf;fpa kWkyh;r;rpf;F tpj;jpl;lth; ghujpahh;.66. nre;jkpioj; nrOe;jkpohff; fhz tpUk;gpath; ghujpjhrd;.67. gpnuQ;Rf; FbauRj; jiythplk; nrthypa tpUJ ngw;wth; thzpjhrd;.68. ftpQNuW> ghtyh; kzp Kjypa gl;lq;fisg; ngw;wth; thzpjhrd;.69. Rujh E}y;fSs; jkpo; tsh;r;rpj; Jiwapd; ghprpidg; ngw;w E}y; Njd; kio.70. jkpo;g; gy;fiyf; fofj;jpd; jkpo; md;id tpUJ ngw;wth; mg;Jy; uFkhd;.71. ‘ctikf; ftpQh;’ vdg; ghuhl;lg; ngw;wth; Rujh.72. ‘fpwpj;Jtf; fk;gh;’ vd;W miof;fg;gl;lth; vr;.V. fpU\;zg;gps;is.73. ‘rpd;dr; rPwh’ vd;w E}iy vOjpath; gD mfkJ kiuf;fhah;.74. Re;juh; Njthuk; Vohk; jpUKiw.75. jpt;tpag; gpuge;jj;jpw;F ciu toq;fpath; nghpathr;rhd; gps;is.76. mwj;Jg;ghypd; ,ay;fs; ghaputpay;> ,y;ywtpay;> Jwtwtpay;> Copay;.77. fhkj;Jg;ghy; fstpay;> fw;gpay;> 25.78. mfehD}w;Wf;F toq;Fk; NtW ngah; neLe;njhif (ngUe;njhif).79. NjdpNy Cwpa nre;jkpopd; - Rit NjWk; rpyg;gjpfhuk; vd;W ghuhl;bath; ftpkzp Njrpf tpehafk; gps;is.80. ef;fz;izahh; kze;J nfhs;s tpUk;gpa murh; Nghuitf; Nfhg;ngUq;fps;sp.

nghUj;Jf & nkhopg;gapw;rp1 . ftpQh; Ch;

1. fk;gh; - jpUtOe;J}h;2. tuj eQ;irag;gps;is - Njhukq;fyk;3. nt.,uhkypq;fdhh; - NkhfD}h;

2 . Mrphpah; E}y;1. fk;gh; - ,uhkhazk;2. tujeQ;ira gps;is - jkpourp FwtQ;rp3. ,uhkypq;fdhh; - ehkf;fy; ftpQh; ghly;fs;


10

3 . nrhy; ,yf;fzf; Fwpg;G1. mbtho;j;Jtk; - ,uz;lhk; Ntw;Wikj; njhif2. jpUe;J nkhop - tpidj; njhif3. thopa thopa - mLf;Fj; njhlh;4. tho;j;Jtk; - jd;ikg; gd;ik tpidKw;W

4 . jpiz epyk;1. FwpQ;rp - kiyAk; kiyr; rhh;e;j ,lKk;2. Ky;iy - fhLk; fhL rhh;e;j ,lKk;3. kUjk; - taYk; tay; rhh;e;j ,lKk;4. nea;jy; - flYk; fly; rhh;e;j ,lKk;5. ghiy - RuKk; RuQ; rhh;e;j ,lKk;

5 . jpiz ghbNahh;1. FwpQ;rp - fgpyh;2. Ky;iy - Ngadhh;3. kUjk; - Xuk; Nghfpahh;4. nea;jy; - mk;%tdhh;5. ghiy - Xjyhe;ijahh;

6 . nrhy; ,yf;fzf;Fwpg;G1. Ks;spiy - ,uz;lhk; Ntw;Wik cUGk;gaDk; cld;njhf;f njhif2. xOFePh; - tpidj;njhif3. ed;khd; - gz;Gj; njhif4. mQ;rpNyhjpia tu - md;nkhopj; njhif

7 . nrhy; nghUs;1. jpiz - kpfr;rpwpa msT2. gid - xU NgusT3. rhy;G - epiw gz;G4. Jg;G - gw;Wf;NfhLfs;1. klthh; - mwptpypfs;2. Xuhy; - ePf;Fjy;3. nghd;Wk; - mopAk;4. tpUe;J - Gjpajha; te;jth;1. nrWthh; - gifth;2. xl;gk; - mwpTilik3. ca;g;gJ - nrYj;JtJ4. Ngijik - mwpT ,d;ik1. xy;fhik - jsuhik2. tpOkk; - Jd;gk;3. jpz;zpah; - typah;4. tPW - rpwg;G

8 . Gyth; ,aw;wpaE}y;1. ,sq;Nfhtbfs; - rpyg;gjpfhuk;2. jpUj;jf;f Njth; - rPtf rpe;jhkzp3. ehjFj;jdhh; - Fz;lyNfrp4. rPj;jiyr; rhj;jdhu; - kzpNkfiy

9 . E}y; Mrphpah;1. ,uhruhrNrhoDyh - xl;lf;$j;jh;2. jpUNtq;lj;je;jhjp - gps;isg; ngUkhs; Iaq;fhh;3. kJiuf;fyk;gfk; - FkuFUgh;4. Kf;$lw;gs;S - Mrphpah; ngah; njhpatpy;iy1. Fapy;ghl;L - ghujpahh;2. mofpd; rphpg;G - ghujpjhrd;3. JiwKfk; - Rujh4. ghy;tPjp - mg;Jy; uFkhd;


11

10. ghly; ftpQh;1. Gj;jfrhiy - ghujpjhrd;2. jPf;Fr;rpfs; - mg;Jy; uFkhd;3. rpf;fdk; - Rujh4. fhL - thzpjhrd;

11 . nrhy; nghUs;1. Rtb - E}y;2. nta;Nahd; - fjputd;3. nrl;L - rpf;fdk;4. rpe;ij - cs;sk;1. Njthuk; - Re;juu;2. rPwhg;Guhzk; - ckWg;Gyth;3. ,ul;rzpa ahj;jphpfk; - fpU\;zg;gps;is

13. E}y; rkak;1. kzpNkfiy - ngsj;jk;2. ePyNfrp - rkzk;3. ,ul;rzpa ahj;jphpfk; - fpwpj;jtk;4. rPwhg;Guhzk; - ,Ryhk;

ty;ypd nka;fis ePf;fp vOJ.1. khjtpg; vd;wg; Gyth; kzpNkfiyj; JwT vd;Nwg;2. Ngijah;r; gj;j;h;r; vd;whh;f; vd;Wr; rQ;rPtpgh;tj;r; rhuy;3. ghQ;rhypf; fz;zhf; vd;Wf;4. tho;fj; jkpo; mtdhr; mwpe;Jr;5. ePNuhr; vJf; cz;Lr; nry;Ntd;6. tsh;g;gpiw RLr;NrhW fha;f;fwp7. NrhWf; nfhjpf;fpwJ Nghj;jk;gp nrd;Wg; ghh;j;jhd;8. vd;NdhLg; Nghe;j9. tpbf;fhiy10. ntz;zpyhf; fyfyntd;Wr;11. FGf;FG ntd;Wg;12. Jwtpf;FbYf;Fs; te;jr; rpWth; ,uz;Lg;Ngh;1. nry;tr; rpWkPh;fhs; ePuhlg;2. nte;jar; nrbfspd; jq;fg; G+f;fs;3. nfhj;jpj; jphpAk; me;jf; Nfhop4. fpl;lg; Nghdhy; Kl;lg; gif5. rhiug; ghk;G FUtpf;> $l;by;6. nrg;Gj; jpUNkdpfs; nra;jspg;gijj; jk; flik vdf; fUjpdh;.7. rPj;jiyr;> rhj;jd;8. Ntl;Ltg; ngz;fs; tpisahlg;9. elj;jhg;> ghlk; ve;jf;> Nfs;tpAk;10. gapyhg; gFjp vOjj; njhpa11. vOjpg; gof> vdf;Fr; nrhd;dhh;12. me;jr; rpWtd; ve;jg; gs;spapy; gbj;Jr; rpwe;jhd;.13. Xlf; fhz;gJ -xLq;ff; fhz;gJ

gz;Gj;njhif(‘ik’ vd;Dk; gz;G tpFjpAk; ‘Mfpa’ ‘Md’ vd;Dk; gz;G cUGfSk; kiwe;J tUk;)$h;k;gil MUaph;mUe;Jah; ey;YiuneLe;Njh; NghpQ;rpKJkuk; NguwpTgRq;fhy fLe;jpwy;gr;#d; ngUq;fspWige;epzk; ngUq;fspWntQ;rpdk; ntQ;Rlh;


12

jz;Fil NghpbfUKfpy; NrtbfLk;gif ngUe;jtk;neLe;jif nre;jkpo;fUq;fhf;if ntz;japh;nrq;Nfhy; nre;ney;

nrOk;nghd;

tpidj;njhif (fhyk; fue;j nganur;rk;)jpUe;Jnkhop <h;tisjpiufTs; Kjph; kuk;cah;rpid cah; kuk;xOFePh; nghq;FjhkiuGidfyk; epiwkjpmiyfly; mfy; Kfpy;glh; Kfpy; tphpefh;Rlh; xsp cah; vz;zk;fspelk; nra;Fd;Wjho;gpwg;G ciw Ntq;flk;

mLf;Fj; njhlh; (,uz;L> %d;W> ehd;F Kiw mLf;fp tUk; :gphpj;jhy; nghUs; jUk;)jpde;jpdk; ,dpjpdpJthopa thopa RikRikahh; ahh; Gil Giltpf;fp tpf;fp miwe;jiwe;JJiw Jiwaha;

chpr;nrhy; njhlh; / chpr;nrhw;nwhlh; (rhy> cW>jt> edp> $h;> fop> fb> jl>kh> it> tpO Mfpa nrhw;fs; Kjypy; tUk;)

fbkfs; iths;khQhyk; itNty;khkiy jle;Njhs;khkzp khkJiukhtyp khkjp

<Wnfl;l vjph;kiwg; nganur;rk;(‘M’ vd;w Xir ,Wjpapy; tUk;)

,d;dhr; nrhy;mopf;fyhfhvw;whfJtplhmtpah kjptpsf;Fjkpopypyhg; gpwnkhop E}y;

xU nghUl;gd;nkhopXq;fpAah;> nrhw;gjk; ty;tpiue;J

vz;Zk;ik (‘ck;’ vd;w nrhy; ntspg;gl;L tUk;. vz;zpf;iffs; Nghy; mikAk;)itafKk; thdfKk;kyh;jYk; $k;gYk;je;ijf;Fk; jha;f;Fk;NgNuhLk; GfNohLk;thapYk; khspifAk;fq;ifAk; rpe;JTk;

tpz;zpYk; kz;zpYk;khlKk; Mluq;Fk;


13

<rDk; NghjDk;

ctikj; njhif(,U nrhw;fSf;fpilNa Nghy> Nghd;w ctk cUG kiwe;J tUk;)

nghd;db> kyub> jhkiuf; fz;fs;

tpaq;Nfhs; tpidKw;W(f> ,a> ,ah;> my; ,tw;iwf; nfhz;L KbAk;)

thopa> nra;f> vs;sy;kwtw;fJwtw;f vjph;kiw tpaq;Nfhs; tpidKw;W

cUtfk; (nghUs; Kd;Dk; ctik gpd;Dk; tUk;)fz;zPh; nts;sk;> kjptpsf;F> grpf;fapW> ifk;kiy> nghw;fiu> jq;fj; jpkpq;fyk;> jq;fj;Njhzp

Nfhs; - Kjy; epiyj; jphpe;j njhopw;ngah;fhis - ctikahF ngah;mwd; filg;Nghyptho;j;Jtk; - jk;ikg; gd;ik tpidKw;W

nrhy;ypir msngil(‘ ,’ vd;w vOj;J ,Wjpapy; tUk; ) xhP ,> joP ,> nryP,a> jPnjhhP,

,d;dpir msngil(W}c> J} c -msngLf;Fk; jhq;FW}ck;> tsh;f;FW}ck;)

,irepiwmsngil (my;yJ)nra;Aspir msngil (‘ ,’ jtpu kw;w vOj;Jf;fs; msngLf;Fk;) g^ck;> flhmahid

Mwhk; Ntw;Wikj;njhif(6 Mk; Ntw;Wik cUG ‘mJ’ kiwe;J tUk;)Gy; Edp> fad;Ks;> kdj;jpl;gk;> iftak;> nka;tak;> khy;foy;> fspw;W kUg;G> jhgjh; cs;sk;

fd;dp ghyd; vd; kfd; ehd;fhk; Ntw;Wikj; njhifgfYiw ,w;gpwg;G Vohk; Ntw;Wikj; njhifgjj;Jiz Ie;jhk; Ntw;Wikj; njhif

tpidahyizAk; ngah;(njhopy; nra;j fUj;jhitf; Fwpf;Fk;) njhpthh;> $bdh;> te;jth;> Nfl;ldh;> mQ;rpdh;> Jwe;jhh;)

,Unganuhl;Lg; gz;Gj; njhififjyk;> md;Gnewp> nka;g;nghUs;jUjy; - njhopw;ngah;Kw;Wk;ik - ahUk;> vOgpwg;Gk;> ahiuAk;

gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk;1. thopa - tho; + ,a

tho; - gFjp> ,a- tpaq;Nfhs; tpidKw;W tpFjp2. nra;f - nra; + f

nra; - gFjp> f - tpaq;Nfhs; tpidKw;W tpFjp3. G+l;b - G+l;L + ,

G+l;L - gFjp> , - tpidnar;r tpFjp4. va;jp - va;J + ,5. Nghw;wp - Nghw;W+ ,6. Ve;jp - Ve;J + ,7. Nehf;fp - Nehf;F +,8. Njhd;wp - Njhd;W + ,9. Jwj;jp - Jwj;J + ,10. ,iwQ;rp - ,iwQ;R + ,

}


14

,iwQ;R - gFjp , - tpidnar;r gFjp11. fhzPh; - fhz; + <h;

fhz; - gFjp> <h; - Vty; gd;ik tpidKw;W tpFjp12. GfyPh; - Gfy;; + <h;

Gfy; - gFjp <h;- Vty; tpidKw;W tpFjp13. Xk;Gkpd; - Xk;G + kpd;

Xk;G - gFjp> kpd; - Vty; gd;ik tpidKw;W tpFjp> j;> l;> w;> ,d; - ,we;jfhy ,ilepiyfs;fpW>fpd;W> M epd;W - epfo; fhy ,ilepiyfs; g;> t;> f; - vjph;fhy ,ilepiyfs;

14. mirj;j -mir +j;; +j;; + mmir - gFjp> j; - re;jp> j;- ,we;j fhy ,ilepiy m - nganur;rtpFjp

Kof;fp - Kof;f + , Kof;F - gFjp> , - tpidnar;r tpFjp15. cjtpa - cjT+ ,(d;) + a;+ m

cjT - gFjp> ,d; - ,we;j fhy,ilepiy> ‘d;’ nfl;lJ tpfhuk;> a; - clk;gL nka; re;jp>m - nganur;r tpFjp

16. Nehf;fpa - Nehf;F +,d;+ a;+ m17. Koq;fpa - Koq;F +,(d;) +a; + m18. RUq;fpa - RUq;F+ ,(d;) +a;+ m19. jpwe;J - jpw +j;(e;) +j; + c

jpw - gFjp> j;- re;jp ‘e;’ MdJ tpfhuk;> j; - ,we;j fhy ,ilepiy c- tpidnar;r tpFjp20. xopj;J - xop +j;(e;) +j;+ c21. jpwe;j - jpw+ j;(e;)+ j; + m

jpw - gFjp> j; - re;jp. e; MdJ tpfhuk; j;-,we;j fhy ,ilepiy m - nganur;r tpFjp22. kze;j - kz +j;(e;) +j;+ m23. ,oe;j - ,o +j;(e;) +j;+ m24. miwjy; - miw +jy;

miw- gFjp> jy; - njhopw;ngah; tpFjp25. tho;j;Jtk;+ tho;j;J+ t;+ mk;

tho;j;J - gFjp > t; - vjph; fhy ,ilepiy> mk; -jd;ikg; gd;ik tpidKw;W tpFjp26. Mw;wPh; - Mw;W+ M +<h;

Mw;W - gFjp> M - vjph;kiw ,ilepiy Gzh;e;J nfl;lJ> <h; - Kd;dpiyg; gd;ik tpidKw;W tpFjp27. nga;j - nga; + j; + m

nga; - gFjp> nra;j - nra; +j;+ m j;- ,we;j fhy ,ilepiy> m- nganur;r tpFjp28. jUFntd; - jh (jU)+ F+ t; +vd;

jh - gFjp> jU vdj; jphpe;jJ F - rhhpia> t; - vjph;fhy ,ilepiy>vd; -jd;ik xUik tpidKw;W tpFjp

29. <d;w - <d;+ w;+ m<d; - gFjp> w; - ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy> m - ngaur;r tpFjp

30. te;jdd; - th (t)+ j; (e;)+ j; +md; +md;th - gFjp> ‘t’ vdf; FWfpaJ tpfhuk; j; - re;jp ‘e;’MdJ tpfhuk; j; - ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy>md; - rhhpia> md; - Mz;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp

31. J}w;Wk; - J}w;W +ck;J}w;W - gFjp> ck; -nganur;r tpFjp

32. NjLfpwha; -NjL + fpW +Ma;NjL - gFjp > fpd;W - epfo; fhy ,ilepiy Ma; - Kd;dpiy xUik tpidKw;W tpFjp

33. Gide;Njhk; - Gid+ j;(e;)+ j;+ Xk;Gid - gFjp > j; - re;jp> ‘e;’ MdJ tpfhuk; > j; - ,we;j fhy ,ilepiyXk; - jd;ikg; gd;ik tpidKw;W tpFjp

34. Nfl;l -Nfs;(l;) + l;+mNfs; - gFjp >‘s;’ ‘l;’MdJ tpfhuk; l; - ,we;j fhy ,ilepiy> m - nganur;r tpFjp

35. cw;w - cW (cw;W) +mcW - gFjp > cw;W vd xw;W ,ul;bj;J ,we;j fhyk; fhl;baJ m- nganur;r tpFjp

36. itg;gh; - it +g; +g; + mh;it - gFjp> g; - re;jp> g; - vjph;fhy ,ilepiy> mh; - gyh; ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp

37. tpLthh; - tpL + t; + Mh;tpL - gFjp> t; - vjph; fhy ,ilepiy> Mh; - gyh; ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp


15

38. fhz;gd; - fhz;+ g; + md;fhz; - gFjp > g; - vjph;fhy ,ilepiy> md; - Mz; ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp

39. nfhs;th; - nfhs;+ t;+ mh;nfhs; - gFjp> t; - vjph; fhy ,ilepiy mh; - gyh; ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp

40. ,uq;Ftpu; - ,uq;F +t; +,h;,uq;F - gFjp> t; - vjph;fhy ,ilepiy ,h; - Kd;dpiyg; gd;ik tpidKw;W tpFjp

41. ePq;fhik - ePq;F + M + ikePq;F - gFjp> M - vjph;kiw ,ilepiy> ik- njhopw;ngah; tpFjp

42. nra;jy; - nra; + jy;nra; - gFjp jy; - njhopw;ngah; tpFjp

gphpj;Jg; Gzh;r;rp tpjp vOJf:nrhy; ehndd;Wnrhy; gphpg;G ehd; + vd;W

epiynkhop tUnkhop

Gzh;r;rp tpjp:‘cly;Nky; caph; te;J xd;WtJ ,ay;Ng” vd;Dk; tpjpg;gb> epiynkhopapd; <w;W nka;Ak; (d;) tUnkhopapd; KjYk;(v) ( d; + v -nd)vdg; Gzh;e;J> ‘ehndd;W’ vd;whdJ.

1. khDio - khd; +cio (d;+ c - D)2. ahUkpy;iy - ahUk;+ ,y;iy (k;+ , -kp)3. ahndtd; - ahd; + vtd; (d; + v - nd)4. mwdy;y - mwd; +my;y ( d; +m -d)5. gfYiw - gfy; + ciw ( y;+ c-Y)6. capUz;L - caph;+ cz;L ( h;+ c - U)7. jkpopypyh - jkpopy; + ,yh ( y;+ , - yp)8. jkpod;id - jkpo; + md;id (o;+ m- o)9. thdhSk; - thd;+MSk; ( d;+ M - d)10. gk;gukhfp - gk;guk; +Mfp ( k;+ M - kh)11. FUFKz;L - FUFk;+ cz;L ( k;+c - K)12. ,th;fsplk; - ,th;fs;+ ,lk; (sp)13. vz;znky;yhk; - vz;zk; + vy;yhk; ( k; +v- nk)14. ,UsWj;jpLk; - ,Us; + mWj;jpLk; ( s; + m- s)

KJkuk; - KJik +kuk;‘<WNghjy;’ vd;Dk; tpjpg;gb > epiynkhopapd; ,WjpapYs;s (ik) tpFjp nfl;L >KJ +kuk; KJkuk; vd;whdJ.

Ks;spiy - Ks;+ ,iy Ks;s; + ,iy -Ks;spiyjd;Daph; - jd; + caph; jd;d; + caph; - jd;Daph;fz;Zilahh; - fz; + cilahh;> fz;z; + cilahh; - fz;Zilahh;

1. fUKfpy; - fUik +Kfpy;2. vz;nghUs; - vz;ik +nghUs;3. nrk;nghd; - nrk;ik +nghd;1. G+q;nfhb - G++ nfhb

‘G+g;ngah; Kd; ,dnkd;ikAk; Njhd;Wk’; vd;Dk; tpjpg;gb> tUnkhopapd; KjypYs;s ffuj;jpw;F (f;) ,dkhdnky;ypdk; (q;) kpFe;J> ‘G++ q; +nfhb - G+q;nfhb’ vd;whdJ.

2. G+Q;nrb - G++ nrb (r; - Q;)3. G+Q;Nrhiy - G++ Nrhiy ( r;- Q;)4. G+q;nfhbahs; - G++nfhbahs;1. jpUf;Fws; - jpU+ Fws;

‘,ay;gpDk; tpjpapDk; epd;w caph;Kd; frjg kpFk;’ vd;Dk; tpjpg;gb> tUnkhopapd; Kjypy; cs;s ty;ypdk;(f;)kpFe;J > jpU + f;+ Fws; jpUf;Fws; vd;whdJ.

2. tpidj;jpl;gk; - tpid +jpl;gk;3. tisj; Njhsp - tis+ Njhsp4. jPf;Fr;rp - jP+ Fr;rp5. kjpf;Fil - kjp+ Fil6. gj;jpdpg;ngz;bh; - gj;jpdp+ ngz;bh;


16

7. kiof;fz;zPh; - kio+ fz;zPh;8. kzpf;fOj;J - kzp+ fOj;J

tpz;zpb - tpz; + ,b‘jdpf;Fwpy; Kd; xw;W caph;thpd; ,ul;Lk;’ tpz;z;+ ,b vd MdJ. ‘cly;Nky; caph; te;J xd;WtJ ,ay;Ng’vd;Dk; tpjpg;gb (z;+ , - zp) ‘tpz;z; ,b- tpz;zpb’ vd MdJ.

1. ed;wd;W - ed;W + md;W‘caph;thpd; cf;Fws; nka;tpl;L XLk; vd;Dk; tpjpg;gb> epiynkhopapd; ,WjpapYs;s cfuk; (W+ w; + c) nfl;L‘ed;w;+ md;W’ vd MdJ ‘cly;Nky; caph;te;J xd;WtJ’ ,ay;Ng vd;Dk; tpjpg;gb ( w; + m -w)vdg; Gzh;e;J>‘ed;wd;W’ vd;whdJ.F>R>L> J> G> W - Fw;wpaYfu vOj;Jf;fs; cf;Fws; - Fw;wpaYfuk;

2. khrw;whh; - khR+ mw;whh; (R - r;+ c) khr; + mw;whh;- khrw;whh;3. rpyk;nghd;W - rpyk;G+ xd;W (G - g; +c) rpyk;g; + xd;W - rpyk;nghd;W4. tz;bdk; - tz;L + ,dk; (L -l;+ c) tz;l;+b + ,dk; - tz;bdk;5. tufhprp - tuF +mhprp

(F - f;+ c) tuf; + mhprp -tufhprp6. md;Gil - md;G + cil

(G - g; +c) md;g; + cil - md;Gil7. fUj;Njhbirj;J - fUj;NjhL+ ,irj;J

(L-l;+ c) fUj;Njhl; + ,irj;J - fUj;Njhbirj;J8. xd;nwd;g - xd;W+ vd;g ( W - w; c) xd;w; + vd;g - xd;nwd;g9. tpsf;Nfw;wp - tpsf;F +Vw;wp (F - f; + c) tpsf;f;+ Vw;wp- tpsf;Nfw;wp10. tPnwa;jp - tPW +va;jp (W - w;+ c) tPw;+ va;jp - tPnwa;jp11. fw;ngDk; - fw;G +vDk; ( G -g;+ c) fw;g; +vDk; -fw;ngDk;12. tz;Liw - tz;L ciu ( L +l;+ c) tz;l;+ ciw- tz;Liw13. tpUe;njhuhy; - tpUe;j;+ xuhy; (J -j; + c) tpUe;j + xuhy; -tpUe;njhuhy;14. nrj;njhopAk; - nrj;J + xopAk; (J - j; + c) nrj;j;+ xopAk; - nrj;njhopAk;15. nrUf;nfo - nrUf;F +vo(F -f; + c)nrUf;f; + vo - nrUf;nfo1. mUe;Jah; - mUik+ Jah;

‘<WNghjy’; vd;Dk; tpjpg;gb>‘ ik’ tpFjp nfl;lJ. mU+ Jah; ‘,dk; kpfy;’ vd;Dk; tpjpg;gb ‘tUnkhop Kjypy; cs;s jfuj;jpw;F (j;) ,dkhd nky;ypdk; efuk; (e;) kpFe;J mU+ e;+ Jah; - mUe;Jah; vd;whdJ.ty;ypdk; : f;> r;> l;> j;> g;> w;>nky;ypdk;: q;> Q;> z;> e;> k;> d;

2. fUq;fy; - fUik +fy; fU+ q;+ fy;3. ngUe;nja;tk; - ngUik +nja;tk; ngU+ e;+ nja;tk; -ngUe;nja;tk;4. ngUq;fspW - ngUik +fspW ngU +q; +fspW-ngUq;fspW5. fLe;jpwy; - fLik+ jpwy; fL +e;+ jpwy; - fLe;jpwy;6. $h;k;gil - $h;ik+ gil $h; + k; +gil - $h;k;gil7. ,UQ;rpuk; - ,Uik+ rpuk; ,U+ Q; +rpuk; - ,UQ;rpuk;8. nrOk; nghd; - nrOik+ nghd;> nrO+ k;+ nghd; - nrOk;nghd;9. neLq;FtL - neLik+ FtL> neL + q;+ FtL- neLq;FtL10. ,Uk;nghiw - ,Uik+ nghiw> ,U +k; +nghiw- ,Uk;nghiw11. fLk;gif - fLik+ gif> fL + k;+ gif -fLk;gif12. ngUe;Njh; - ngUik+ Njh;> ngU+ e; +Njh; - ngUe;Njh;

nra;As; thp - tpdh tpilfs;:‘neLe;Njh; Ch;kjp tyt “ Koe;jd;W mk;k ehk Kd;dpa tpidNa

1.,t;tb gapd;Ws;s E}y; mfehD}W2. ,jidg; ghbath; kJiu...... ks;sdhh;3. tyt -nghUs; Njh;g;ghfd; Gutp - Fjpiu4. ,jpYs;s jpiz Ky;yiyj; jpiz5. jiykfd; Njh;g;ghfw;Fr;nrhy;ypaJ

‘gr;#d; nga;j ige;epz ty;rpnghyk;Gid fyj;jpw; wUFntd; khNjh”

1. ,lk; ngw;w E}y; Iq;FWE}W


17

2. ghlypd; Mrphpah; Xjyhe;ijahh;3. ,J ew;wha; $w;whf cs;sJ4. gr;#d; - grpa Cd; / gRikahd khkprk;5. ew;wha; fhf;ifaplk; Ntz;baJ6. ty;rp - czT

‘ ntQ;rpd tpwy;Ntw; fhisnahlQ;rp Nyhjpia tuf;fiue; jPNk”

7. mQ;rpNyhjp - jiytp / jiykfs;8. fhis - jiy kfd;

‘ahUkpy;iy jhNd fs;td;jhdJ ngha;g;gpd; ahndtd; nra;Nfh”

1.,lk; ngw;w E}y; FWe;njhif2. ghbath; fgpyh;3.fs;td; -jiytd;4. tiuT ePl;bj;j tplj;Jj; jiykfs; Njhopaplk; $wpaJ5. ngha;g;gpd; - #Siu

‘xOFeP uhuy; ghh;f;Fk;FUF Kz;Ljhd; kze;j Qhd;Nw”

6. xOF ePH; - XLfpd;w ePH;7. Muy; - Muy; kPd;8. FUF - ehiu

‘ntWq;if vd;gJ %lj;jdk; -cd;tpuy;fs; gj;Jk; %yjdk; !”

1. ftpij Ntiyfsy;y Nts;tpfNs !2. ,ijg; ghbath; jhuhghujp3. %iyapy; Klq;fpf; fplf;Fk; thypgid Nehf;fpg; ghLfpwhh;4. tpuy;fs; gj;Jk; %yjdk;5. ntWq;if vd;gJ %ljdk;

‘ Njhy;tpfs; VJk; cdf;fpy;iy - ,dpj;njhLth dk; jhd; cd; vy;iy”

6. ftpijj; njhFg;G E}y;‘ ,J vq;fs; fpof;F’

7. vy;iyahf ,Ug;gJ njhLthdk;8. cdf;F - ,d;iwa ,isQh;fs;9. njhopy; nra;a ek;kplk; vJTkpy;iy vd;W nrhy;tJ %lj;jdkhFk;.gj;J tpuy;fshy; tUfpd;w ciog;Ng

‘ciog;Ng’ ekf;F %yjdkhFk;. ,JNt ghly;thpfs; czh;j;Jk; fUj;J‘flik Ghpe;jhd; ,tNd”

1. E}ypd; ngah; -ghz;bad; ghpR2. ghlyhrphpah; - ghujpjhrd;3. ,ijf; $wpath; Mj;jhf;fpotp4. md;dj;jplk; $wpdhh;5. nts;sj;jpypUe;Jk; Ntoehl;L kwthplkpUe;Jk; md;dk; fhg;ghw;w gl;l NghJ $wpdhh;.

‘ tha;j;jPNu khdj;ij capiuf; .........”6. ,jidf; $wpath; md;dk;7. Mj;jhtpd; kfd; Ntydplk; $wpdhs;8. flik Ghpe;jtd; Ntyd;.

‘ ey;yJ nra;j yhw;wP uhapDk;my;yJ nra;j NyhkGkpdJ jhd;

1. ,lk; ngw;w E}y; GwehD}W2. ghlyhrphpah; ehpnt&cj; jiyahh;3. Xk;Gkpd; jtph;j;J tpLtPh; (jPaJ nra;jiy)4. Mw;wPuhapDk; vJ? ey;yJ nra;jy;5. fzpr;rp- kOthAjk;


18

6. taJ Kjph;e;j rhd;Nwhh;fisg; gw;wpf; $WfpwJ.7. fad;Ks; - eiuKbf;F ctik8. jpiufTs; - RUq;fpa fd;dk;

‘tUit ahfpa rpd;dhs;thoh shjy;ew; fwpe;jid nrd;Nk”

1. ,lk; ngw;w E}y; ew;wpiz2. Mrphpah; - ef;fz;izahh;3. Njhop> jiytid Nehf;fpf; $wpaJ4. rpd;dhs; - rpyehs;5. ‘ew;fwpe;jid nrd;Nk’ - ed;F mwpe;J nfhz;L nry;thahf

‘vjph;e;j mt; tuf;fid ntd;why;Mq;F ehd;mtw;F vd; kfs; ..........”

1. ,lk; ngw;w E}y; - Njk;ghtzp2. muf;fd;- Nfhypahj;J3. ghlyhrphpah; - tPukhKdpth;4. ehd; - rTy; kd;dd;5. ,];uNay; kf;fis vjph;j;jhd;/ mrdp - ,b

rPh;Kfj;J ,sty; - ,isNahd; jhtPjd;kjahid - Nfhypahj;J gykspg;gth; - flTs;ty;ifNahL - ,iwtDila typikahd fuq;fNshL‘tz;Liw XjpAk; typas;”

1. E}y; - fk;guhkhazk;2. Mrphpah; - fk;gh;3. typas; - rPij4. kw;wptd; -mDkd;

‘ mz;lh; ehaf ,dpj;Jwj;jp”> $wpath; - mDkd; mz;lh; ehafd; - ,uhkh;‘jpq;fnshd; wpUg;gd; .............” $wpath; - rPij mDkdplk; $wpdhh; kyub nrd;dp itj;jhs; - rPij kz; Fspur; nra;Ak; kwNty;..........”

1. E}y; -rpyg;gjpfhuk;2. Mrphpau; - ,sq;Nfhtbfs;3. $wpath;-kJiu khefu kf;fs;4. ‘jz;Fil’ -ghz;ba kd;dd; cilaJ.

‘fhjw; fztidf; ...........’ fhjw; fztd; -Nfhtyd; <njhd;W - ,‡J xU GJik‘ ......... nta;Nahd; > jpq;fs; cg;Gf nthz;zhj; J}a kufjf; Nfhl;il fhNl!”

1. ghlypd; jiyg;G ‘fhL’.2. Mrphpah; ftpQNuW thzpjhrd;3. nta;Nahd; - fjputd;4. ,lk; ngw;w E}y; ‘vopNyhtpak;’

jkpofj;jpd; Nth;l;];nthh;j; ftpQNuW thzpjhrd; jk;gpuhd; Njhoh; Re;juh; mofpa kzths jhrh;gps;isg; ngUkhs; Iaq;fhh; ghuha;f;fld; ciuf;fy; Ntz;bf;Nfhld;

jpiz& Jiw tpsf;fk;1. nghUz;nkhopf; fhQ;rpj; Jiwia tpsf;Ff.

KdptUk; mtiug; Nghd;wtUk; ,k;ik kWikfspy; capUf;F cWjpiaj; jUtJ ,d;dJ vd;W jhk; njsptha;mwpe;j nghUisr; nrhy;tJ ‘nghUz;nkhopf; fhQ;rp’ vd;Dk; JiwahFk;.‘ vhpe;jp yq;F rilKb Kdpth;Ghpe;J fz;l nghUs;nkhope; jd;W’ - Gwg;nghUs; ntz;gh khiyrhd;W:gy;rhd; wPnu gy;rhd; wPNufad;Ks; sd;d eiuKjph; jpiufTl;gadpd; %g;gpw; gy;rhd; wPNufzpr;rpf; $h;k;gilf; fLe;jpw nyhUtd;gpzpf;Fq; fhiy apuq;Ftph; khNjhey;yJ nra;j yhw;wP uhapDk;


19

my;yJ nra;j Nyhk;Gkp dJ jhd;vy;yhU Ktg;g jd;wpAk;ey;yhw;Wg; g^c newpAkh uJNt. - ehpnt&cj;jiyahh;tpsf;fk; : ,g;GwehD}w;Wg; ghly; %yk;> kdpj tho;f;if epiyapy;yhjJ. vdNt> capUld; thOk; NghNjhey;ydtw;iwr; nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;. m‡J ,ayhjhapd; jPikfs; nra;tijf; iftpl Ntz;Lk;. mJNt vy;yhUk;tpUk;GtJ kl;Lk; my;yhky;> kWikapy; ew;fjp Nrh;f;Fk; topahfTk; mikAk; vd cyfpw;F epiyahd cz;ikg;nghUis tw;GWj;jpf; $wpajhy; ‘nghUz;nkhopf; fhQ;rp’ vd;Dk; Jiw Mapw;W.

2. nghJtpay; jpizia tpsf;Ff.ntl;rp Kjy; ghlhz; ,Wjpahfj; njhy;fhg;gpadhh; $Wk; Gwj;jpizfSs; $wg;glhjnra;jpfisAk;> me;jj; jpizfSf;Fg; nghJthd nra;jpfisAk; $WtJ ‘nghJtpay; jpiz’ MFk;.rhd;W:‘gy;rhd; wPNu ......’ vdj; njhlq;Fk; GwehD}w;Wg; ghly;.tpsf;fk; : ,g;ghly; %yk; .............. vd cyfpw;Fg; nghJthd nra;jpfisAk; ePjpiaAk;czh;j;Jtjhy; nghJtpay; jpizf;Fr; rhd;whapw;W.

3. FwpQ;rpj; jpiz - tpsf;Ff.Kjw;nghUs; jpiz vd;gjw;F ‘kf;fs; xOf;fk;’ vd;gJ nghUs;eyKk; nghOJk; Kjw;nghUs; vdg;gLk;.epyk; - kiyAk; kiy rhh;e;j ,lKk;ngUk;nghOJ - Fsph;fhyk; Kd;gdpf;fhyk;rpWnghOJ - ahkk;

fUg;nghUs;:nja;tk; - KUfd;kf;fs; - Fwth;> Fwj;jpah;ePh; - RidePh;> mUtpePHczT - jpiz> kiy ney;chpg;nghUs;: Gzh;jYk; Gzh;jy; epkpj;jKk;rhd;W:‘ ahU kpy;iy jhNd fs;td;jhdJ ngha;g;gpd; ahndtd; nra;Nfhjpidj;jh sd;d rpWgRq; fhyxOFeP uhuy; ghh;f;Fk;FUF #Siu Kz;L jhd; kze;j Qhd;Nw” - fgpyh;tpsf;fk; :jiytd; #Siu $wpa nghOJ> rhl;rp $Wtjw;F ,ayhj ehiu kl;LNk ,Ue;jJ. mJTk; jd;czthd Muy; kPdpd; tUifiaNa $h;e;J Nehf;fpapUe;jJ. ‘,dp ehd; vd;d nra;Ntd’; vd;W jiytp Njhopaplk;tUe;jpf; $wpdhs;.nghUj;jk;: ,r;nra;Aspy;> FwpQ;rpj; jpizf;Fhpa fUg;nghUs;fSs; czthfpa jpidAk;> RidePh;> mUtpePh; tope;JXLfpd;w ePH; Mfpait te;Js;sjhy; FwpQ;rpj; jpizf;Fr; rhd;whapw;W.

4. Ky;iyj; jpizia tpsf;Ff.Kjw;nghUs;:epyk; - fhLk; fhL rhh;e;j ,lKk;ngUk;nghOJ - fhh;fhyk;rpWnghOJ - khiyfUg;nghUs; :nja;tk; - jpUkhy;kf;fs; - Mah;> Ma;r;rpah;G+ - Ky;iy> gpltk;> Njhd;wpgz; / aho;; Ky;iyg; gz; - Ky;iy aho;chpg;nghUs;: ,Uj;jYk;; ,Uj;jy; epkpj;jKk;rhd;W:girgL gr;ir nea;Njha;j; jd;dKiftha; jpwe;j eiftha; Ky;iytz;bde; jtph;f;Fk; jz;gjf; fhiy


20

thpDk; thuh uhapDk; Mz;lth;f;F,dpJ nfhy; thop Njhop ! .... vd;;w......... mUe;Ja Uilas;kJiu ........ kd;dhpd; mfehD}w;Wg; ghly;tpsf;fk; : Ky;iy mUk;Gfs; kyh;e;J> kzk; tPrp> tz;Lf; $l;lk; Ntw;wplk; nry;yhJ jLj;Jf;nfhz;bUf;Fk;fhh;fhyKk; te;J tpl;lJ. jhk; tUtjhfr; nrhy;ypr; nrd;w jiyth; fhh;fhyj;jpy; jpUk;gp tutpy;iy. khiyf; fhyj;Jj;jiytdpd; tUifia vjph;ghh;j;Jj; jiytp> tPl;by; jdpj;Jj; JaUld; Mw;wpapUf;fpwhs;.nghUj;jk;:Ky;iyg;G+ - fUg;nghUs; jz;gjf;fhiy - fhh;fhyk; (Kjw;nghUs;) -ngUk;nghOJ jiytd; tUiff;fhfj;jiytp tPl;by; fhj;jpUj;jy; ,Uj;jYk; ,Uj;jy; epkpj;jKk; - chpg;nghUs;. ,j;jifa Ky;iy jpizf;Fhpa nra;jpfs;te;Js;sjhy;>‘ girgL’ vdj; njhlq;Fk; ghly;> Ky;;iyj; jpizf;Fr; rhd;whapw;W.

mzptpsf;fk;:1. ctik mzpiar; rhd;Wld; tpsf;Ff.

mzp ,yf;fzk; : xUnra;Aspy; ctik xU thf;fpakhfTk;> ctNkak; kw;nwhU thf;fpakhfTk;mike;J> Nghy> Nghd;w Kjyhd ctk cUGfisg; ngw;W tUtJ ‘ctik mzp’ vdg;gLk;.rhd;W:mfo;thiuj; jhq;Fk; epyk;Nghyj; jk;ik,fo;thh;g; nghWj;jy; jiy.ctik : mfo;thiuj; jhq;Fk; epyk;ctNkak; : jk;ik ,fo;thh;g; nghWj;jy; jiyctk cUG : Nghytpsf;fk; : G+kpahdJ jd;kPJ epd;W nfhz;L jd;idj; Njhz;LgtiuAk; tpohky; jhq;fpf;nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. mJ Nghy> jkf;Ff; Fw;wkhdtw;iwr; nra;J> jk;ik mtkjpg;gtiuAk; jk;ik,fo;e;J NgRgtiuAk; nghWj;Jf; nfhs;Sjy; jiy rpwe;j gz;G MFk;.Nfhwy; - nfhy; + jy;nfhy; - gFjp> ‘nfh’>‘Nfh’ vd ePz;lJ tpfhuk; jy;- njhopw;ngah; gFjp

2. vLj;Jf;fhl;L ctikazpiar; rhd;Wld; tpsf;Ff.mzp ,yf;fzk;:

xU nra;Aspy; ctik xU thf;fpakhfTk;> ctNkak; kw;nwhU thf;fpakhfTk; mike;J> Nghy> Nghd;wKjyhd ctk cUGfs; kiwe;J tUtJ ‘vLj;Jf;fhl;L’ ctikazp vdg;gLk;.rhd;W:,d;ikAs; ,d;ik tpUe;njhuhy; td;ikAs;td;ik klthh;g; nghiw.ctik : ,d;ikAs; ,d;ik klthh;g; nghiw ,ilapy; ‘Nghy’ vd;Dk; ctk cUG kiwe;J te;Js;sJtpsf;fk; : jk;ik ehb tUk; tpUe;jpdiu cgrhpf;f ,ayhky; jtph;f;Fk; epiy> tWikf;Fs; nfhba tWikMFk;. mJNghy> mwptpyhh; nra;Ak; jPq;Ffisj; jz;bf;Fk; typik jdf;F ,Ue;Jk; jz;bf;fhky; nghWj;jNytypikf;Fs; rpwe;j typik MFk;.

3. nrhw;nghUs; gpd;tU epiy mzpiar; rhd;Wld; tpsf;Ff.mzp ,yf;fzk; : xU nra;Aspy; te;j nrhy;Ny kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; te;J> xNu nghUisj; jUkhapd;> mJ

nrhw;nghUs; gpd;tU epiyazp MFk;.rhd;W:cjtp tiuj;jd;W cjtp cjtpnrag;gl;lhh; rhy;gpd; tiuj;J

tpsf;fk; : ,f;Fwl;ghtpy; > ‘cjtp ’ vd;Dk; nrhy; gyKiw te;J> cgfhuk; vd;Dk; xNunghUisj; jUtjhy; nrhw;nghUs; gpd;tUepiy mzp MFk;.

4. jw;Fwpg;Ngw;w mzpia tpsf;Ff.mzp ,yf;fzk; :

jd;+ Fwpg;G +Vw;wk; - jw;Fwpg;Ngw;wk; ,ay;ghf epfOk; epfor;rpapd; kPJ ftpQd; jd; fUj;ij Vw;wpf; $WtJjw;Fwpg;Ngw;w mzpahFk;.rhd;W:nrk;nghw;nfhb midahs; fz;lhisj; jhd; fhzhd;ky;yk;kh Qhyk; ,Us; Cl;b> khkiyNky;>nrt;ntd; fjph; RUq;fpf; nrq;fjpNuhd; nrd;nwhspg;gg; - ,sq;Nfhtbfs;


21

tpsf;fk; : khiyg; nghOjpy; #hpad; jd; fjph;fisr; RUf;fp kiwjy; ,ay;ghd epfo;r;rpahFk;. Mdhy;>fz;zfp jd; fztdhfpa Nfhtyid ,oe;J cw;w Jd;gj;jpidAk; mts; gythW $wpg; Gyk;gp mOjjijAk;fjputd; fhzg; nghwhky; jd; nrq;fjph;fisr; RUf;fpf; nfhz;L Nkw;F kiyapy; nrd;W kiwe;jhd; vd;W,sq;Nfhtbfs; jk; fUj;ij Vw;wpf; $wpAs;shh;. vdNt > ,jpy; jw;Fwpg;Ngw;w mzp gapd;W te;Js;sJ.nfhz;l - nfhs;(z;) + l;+ mnfhs; - gFjp> s;> ‘z;’ MdJ tpfhuk>; l; - ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy> m- nganur;r tpFjpepw;ghd;- epy;(w;)+ g; +Md;epy; - gFjp> ‘y;> w;MdJ tpfhuk;> g; - vjph;fhy ,ilepiy Md; -Mz;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjpVFtha; - VF+ t;+ Ma;VF - gFjp t;- vjph;fhy ,ilepiy> Ma; - Kd;dpiy xUik tpidKw;W tpFjp

1 . ‘nra;e;ed;wpawpjy;’ gw;wp ts;Sth; $wpAs;s fUj;Jf;fisj; njhFj;J vOJf.itafKk; thdfKk; xg;ghfh:

1. ehk; Xh; cjtpAk; nra;ahJ ,Uf;Fk; epiyapy; xUth; ekf;Fr; nra;j cjtpf;F ,k;kz;ZyfKk; tpz;ZyfKk;xg;ghfh.epy cyfj;ij tplg; nghpaJ

2. Mgj;Jf;fhyj;jpy; xUth; nra;j cjtp kpfr; rpwpajha; ,Ue;jhYk; mJ nra;ag;gl;l fhyj;ij Nehf;Fk;NghJ ,e;epycyfj;ij tpl kpfTk; nghpajhFk;.flypd; nghpaJ:

3. gaid vjph;ghuhky; xUth; nra;j cjtpapd; rpwg;ig Muha;e;J ghh;j;jhy;> mJ flypDk; nghpajhFk;.nra;ed;wpmwpthhpd; ,ay;G :

4. xUth; jpiz msT kpfr; rpwpa cjtpiar; nra;jhYk;> mjidg; gidasT nghpjha; kjpj;Jg; Nghw;Wth;> gad;njhpthh;.

5. xUth; kw;wth;f;Fr; nra;j cjtp mt;Tjtpapd; msitg; nghWj;jJ md;W;mt;Tjtpiag; ngw;wtUila jFjpvt;tstpdNjh mt;tsitg; nghWj;jjhFk;.kwtw;f Jwtw;f:

6. jpUts;Sth;> Fw;wkw;w ey;yth; el;gpid kwj;jy; $lhJ vd;fpwhh;. Jd;gk; Neh;e;j fhyj;jpy; jkf;F cjtpaha;,Ue;jth;fspd; el;igf; iftpLjy; $lhJ vd;fpwhh;.vOgpwg;Gk; cs;Sth;:

7. jkf;F Vw;gl;l Jd;gj;jpid ePf;fpatUila cah;e;j el;gpid VO tifg;gl;l gpwtpaYk; kwthJ epidj;Jg; Nghw;Wth;>rhd;Nwhh; .kwg;gJk; kwthjJk;:

8. gpwh; nra;j ed;ikia kwg;gJ mwkhfhJ. mth;nra;j jPikia clNd kwe;J tpLtJ mwkhFk;.ed;wy;yij kwf;f:

9. nfhiy nra;tJ Nghd;w nfhLikfisr; nra;jhYk;> mth; nra;j xU ed;ikia epidf;f> jPikfs; vy;yhk;kiwe;J tpLk;.nra;ed;wp kwj;jypd; nfhLik:

10. vj;jifa mwq;fis mopj;jth;f;Fk; mg;ghtj;jpypUe;J ePq;f topAz;L. Mdhy;> xUtd; nra;j cjtpiakwe;jtDf;F mg;ghtj;jpypUe;J ePq;Fk; top ,y;iyahk;.

4. itafKk; thdfKk; xg;ghfh vjw;F?(1)5. epy cyfj;ij tpl kpfg;nghpaJ vJ?(2)6. flypd; nghpaJ vJ?(3)7. kwtw;f vdTk; Jwtw;f vdTk; jpUts;Sth; vtw;iwf; Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;?(6)8. nra;ed;wp kwj;jypd; nfhLikiaf; $Wf.(10)

2 . ‘nghiwAilik’ vd;Dk; mjpfhuk; ntspg;gLj;Jk; fUj;Jf;fisj; njhFj;J vOJf.nghiwAilikapd; rpwg;G:

1. jd;idj; Njhz;LgtiuAk; fPNo tpohky; jhq;Fk; G+kpiag; Nghyj; jk;ik mtkjpg;gtiuAk; nghWj;Jf; nfhs;Sjy;jiyrpwe;j mwkhFk;.

2. gpwh; nra;Ak; tuk;G fle;j Fw;wj;jpidg; nghWj;Jf; nfhs;Sjy; rpwe;jJ. me;jf; Fw;wj;jpid kwe;J tpLjy; mijtplr;rpwe;jJ.

3. tWikf;Fs; tWikahtJ tPl;bw;F tUk; tpUe;jpdiu cgrhpf;f KbahikNa MFk;. (mwptpyhh; nra;Ak; tuk;G fle;jFw;wj;jpidg; nghWj;Jf; nfhs;tJ typikf;Fs; rpwe;j typikahFk;)

4. ew;Fzq;fs; ek;ik tpl;L ePq;fhjpUf;f Ntz;Lkhdhy;> nghWik vd;Dk; Fzj;ijg; Nghw;wpf; fhj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.gpwh; nra;jd nghWj;jy;

5. jkf;Fj; jPq;F nra;jtiuj; jz;bj;jtiur; rhd;Nwhh; xU nghUl;lhf kjpf;fkhl;lhh;. Mdhy;> nghWj;Jf;


nfhs;gtiug; nghd;Nghy; kjpj;J kdj;Js; itj;Jg; Nghw;Wth;.6. jkf;Fj; jPq;F nra;jtiuj; jz;bj;jth; me;j xU ehs; kl;LNk kd epiwthfpa ,d;gk; va;Jth;. jPq;F nra;jtiug;

nghWj;J nfhz;lth;f;Nfh cyfk; mopAk; tiu Gfo; cz;lhFk;.7. nra;aj;jfhj Jd;gr; nray;fisg; gpwh; jdf;Fr; nra;jhYk; mjw;fhf tUe;jp mwj;jpw;F khwhd nray;fisr;

nra;ahjpUj;jy; ey;yJ.8. nrUf;fpdhy; jkf;Fj; jPik nra;jhiuAk; jkJ nghWikapdhy; ntw;wp nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;

nfhLQ;nrhw;fisg; nghWj;jy;:9. tuk;Gfle;J NgRNthhpd; nfhba nrhw;fisAk; nghWj;Jf; nfhs;gth; gw;ww;w JwtpapDk; Nkyhdth; Mth;.10. cz;zhNehd;G ,Uf;Fk; nghpath;fis tplj; jk;ik ,fo;Nthhpd; nrhw;fisg; nghWj;Jf; nfhs;gth; Nkyhdth;

Mthh;.4. nghiwAilikapd; rpwg;ig ts;Sth; top epd;W tpsf;Ff. (1>2> 3>4)5. xWj;jhh;> nghWj;jhh; Fwpj;Jf; Fws; $Wtd ahit? (5>6>7>8)6. ,d;dhr;nrhy;iyg; nghWg;gth; (9>10)9. vjid kwj;jy; vjdpDk; ed;W? (2)10. td;ikAs; td;ik vJ? (3)11. xWj;jhUk; nghWj;jhUk; va;Jtd ahit? (6)12. ahiug; nghiwahy; nty;Yjy; Ntz;Lk;? (8)

3 . ‘mwpTilik’ vd;Dk; mjpfhuj;jpy; njhptpf;f ngw;Ws;s fUj;Jf;fisj; njhFj;J vOJf.mwptpd; rpwg;G:

1. mwpT vd;gJ> xUtUf;F mopT Neuhky; Kd;dNu mwpe;J fhf;ff; $ba fUtpahFk;. mJ kl;Lkd;wp giftuhy;mopf;f Kbahj muZk; MFk;.mwptpd; ,yf;fzk;:

2. kdj;ijj; jPa topfspypUe;J tpyf;fp> ey;y topapy; nrYj;JtNj mwpthFk;.3. ve;jr; nra;jpia vth; $wf; Nfl;lhYk;> mr;nra;jpapy; cs;s cz;ikahd nghUis Muha;e;J fhz ty;yNj

rpwe;j mwpthFk;.4. gpwh; kdk; nfhs;SkhW mhpa fUj;Jfis vLj;Jiug;gJk;> gpwh; $Wtdtw;Ws; Ez;nghUs; fhz;gJk; rpwe;j

mwpthFk;.5. cyfpy; mwpT> xOf;fk; epiwe;j cah;e;jhNuhL el;Gf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. me;j el;gpy; tsh;jy;> Nja;jy; ,y;yhky;

vg;nghOJk; xNu epiyapy; ,Uj;jy; rpwe;j mwpthFk;.6. cyfj;jhh; vt;topapy; elf;fpd;wdNuh mt;topapy; jhDk; elg;gNj rpwe;j mwpthFk;.

mwpTilahuJ ,yf;fzk;:7. mwpTilahh;> gpd;dhy; tug;Nghtij Kd;Ng mwpe;J nfhs;Sk; Mw;wy; cilath; Mth;. mwptpyhh;> gpd;dhy;

tug;Nghtij Kd;Ng mwpa ,ayhjth; Mth;.8. mQ;r Ntz;ba gop ghtq;fSf;F mQ;rhky; tho;tJ mwpahik MFk;. mQ;r Ntz;ba gop ghtq;fSf;F mQ;rp

tho;jy;mwpTilNahh; nrayhFk;.mwpTilahh;f;Fj; Jd;gkpy;iy

9. gpd;dhy; tuf;$ba Jd;gq;fis Kd;dNu mwpe;Jfhj;Jf; nfhs;sf; $ba mwpTilahh;f;F> mth; mQ;rp eLq;FkhWNeuf;$ba Jd;gk; vJTkpy;iy.vy;yhk; cilath;> xd;Wkpy;yhjth;:

10. mwpTilahh; NtW vJTk; ,y;yhjtuhdhYk; vy;yhr; nry;tq;fisAk; cilath; Mth;. mwpT ,y;yhjth; vy;yhr;nry;tq;fisAk; ngw;wpUe;jhYk; xd;Wk; ,y;yhjth; Mth;.

13. mwptpd; rpwg;ig vOJf. (1)14. mwpTilahh;> mwptpyhh; ,ay;gpidr; Rl;;Lf. (7)15. eLq;f tUk; Jd;gk; ahUf;fpy;iy?(9)16. vy;yhk; cilath;> xd;Wk; ,y;yhjth; ahh; ahh;? (10)17. mwptpd; ,yf;fzj;ij vOJf. (tpil: 2>3>4>5>6)18. mwpTilahhpd; ,yf;fzq;fshf ts;Sth; $wpadtw;iw vOJf.(tpil : 7>8)

4 . tpidj;jpl;gk; vd;Dk; jiyg;gpy; jpUts;Sth; $wpAs;sd ahit?tpidj;jpl;gk;:

1. tpidj;jpl;gk; vd;gJ> xUtd; vj;jid ,lh;ghLfs; Vw;gl;lhYk; fyq;fhky;> jhd; Nkw;nfhz;l nraiyr; nra;JKbf;Fk; kdtypikahFk;. gpw> jpz;ikfs; vd;W nrhy;yg;glh.‘Ma;e;jth; Nfhs;’:

2. xUth;> xU nraiy Nkw;nfhs;Sk; NghJ Neuf;$ba ,ilA+Wfis Kd;Ng njhpe;J Kad;W tpyf;FjYk;> Kad;WjLj;Jk; ,ilA+W NeUkhapd; kdk; fyq;fhikAk; tpidj;jpl;gKilahh; Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;ba newpfshk;.


23

vw;wh tpOkk; jUk;3. xUtd;> jhd; Nkw;nfhz;l nraiy KbtpNy Gyg;gLkhW kiwj;Jr; nra;a Ntz;Lk;. me;jr; nray; ,ilapNy

ntspg;gLkhapd; mJ tpid nra;thDf;F ePq;fhj Jd;gj;ijj; jUk;.vspaTk; mhpaTk; Mtd:

4. nra;J Kbj;jw;F mhpa nray;fisAk; nra;J Kbf;f KbAk; vd;W $Wjy; vy;Nyhh;f;Fk; vspikahdJ MFk;.Mdhy;> nrhy;ypagb nra;J Kbj;jy; kpfTk; mUikahdJ MFk;.tpidj;jpl;gj;jpd; rpwg;G:

5. vz;zj;jhy; rpwg;nga;jpa> khl;rpikg;gl;l mikr;rdJ tpidj;jpl;gk;> murDf;Fr; rpwg;ig cz;lhf;Fkhjyhy;mtd; midtuhYk; kjpf;fg;gLthd;vz;zpahq;F va;Jthh;:

6. xU nraiyr; nra;J Kbj;jw;F chpa kdj;jpl;gk; cilath;> jhk; vz;zpatw;iw vz;zpathNw nra;J Kbf;fty;yth; Mthh;.cUT fz;L vs;shik Ntz;Lk; :

7. tbtpy; rpwpa mr;rhzp kpfg;nghpa Njiur; nrYj;Jk;. mJNghy> tbtpy; rpwpatUk; kpfg;nghpa nraiyr; nra;aty;yth; Mth;. mjdhy;> cUtpidf; fz;L xUtiu ,fof; $lhJ.tpid nra;Ak; Kiw:

8. tpidj;jpl;g Kilahh;> jhk; Nkw;nfhz;l nraiy kdk; njspe;J> Jzpe;J> Nrhh;tpy;yhky;> fhyk; jho;j;jhJ tpiue;Jnra;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

9. xU nraypidr; nra;Ak; NghJ Jd;gq;fs; Nkd;NkYk; mLf;fp te;jhYk; kdk; fyq;fhky; Kbtpy; ,d;gk; jUk;mr;nraiyj; JzpTld; nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;cyfj;jhy; kjpf;fg;glhjth;:

10. tpid nra;tjpy; kdj;jpl;gk; cilatiuNa cyfk; tpUk;gpg; Nghw;Wk;. tpidj;jpl;gk; ,y;yhjth; NtW vj;jifajpl;gKilatuhapDk; mtiu cyfk; tpUk;ghJ.

9. tpidj;jpl;gj;jpd; rpwg;Gk;> m‡J cilahh; va;Jk; gaDk; Fwpj;J vOJf. (5>6)10. tpidj;jpl;gj;jpd; rpwg;igj; jpUts;Sth; vq;qdk; fhl;bAs;shh;? (1>3>5>6>7)

*********I. tho;j;J II ngUtpdh

m. ,iwtho;j;J M. nkhop tho;j;J ,. ehl;Ltho;j;J2. fk;gh; ‘ ed;Nw ek;gp Fbtho;f;if’ vd tpae;J $Wtjd; eaj;ij tpsf;Ff.

‘vy;yh kjj;jtUk; ,iwtd; xUtNd’ vd;gjhy; fk;gh;> ‘xd;Nw nad;dpd; xd;Nwahk;’ vd;fpwhh; vdpDk; vy;yhg;nghUs;fspYk; ,Ug;gjhy; ‘gyNt’ vd;fpwhh;. cyfpYs;s vg;nghUisg; NghyTk; ,iwtd; ,y;iy vd;why; ,y;iyjhd;. fjputidg; Nghyg; Ngnuhsp nfhz;ltdh> epyitg; Nghd;W jz;> vd;W ,Ug;ghdh> fhw;wpidg; Nghd;Wvq;Fk; gutp epiwe;jpUg;gtdh vd;why; ‘ Mk;’ vd;gjhy; cz;L jhd;. cyfpy; ,iwtd; ,y;iy vd;W nrhd;dhy;,y;iy jhd;. ,iwtd; ‘cz;L’ vd;W nrhd;dhy; cz;L jhd;. ,t;thW> gy;NtWgl;l jd;ikfis xUq;Nfnfhz;ltdha; ,iwtd; ,Uj;jyhy;> mtid ‘ed;Nw ek;gp Fbtho;f;if’ vd;W tpae;J $Wfpwhh; fk;gh;. NkYk;,g;gbg;gl;l ,iwtdpd; jd;ikfshff; fz;Lzh;e;J> ehk; filj;NjWtjw;F ,iwtidr; ruziltNj rpwe;jtopahFk; vd;W $Wfpwhh; fk;gh;.

3. ,iwtho;j;Jg; ghlyhy;mwpayhFk; nra;jpfisf; $Wf.,iwtd; ‘xUtNd‘ Mthd; . mtd; cUtkw;wtd;. vdpDk; cyfpYs;s vy;yhg; nghUs;fspYk; ePf;fkw epiwe;J

,Uf;fpd;whd;.cUtk;> mUtk;. mUTUtk; vdg; gy;NtW epiyfshf ,iwtd; jpfo;fpd;whd;.,iwtd; cynfq;Fk; xspUk; Ngnuhsp kakhdtd;; ‘jz;’ vd;wpUf;Fk; jd;ik gilj;jtd;. jd;id ‘,y;iy’

vd;W $Wgthplj;jpYk; ,Ug;gtd; jd;id ‘cz;L’ vd;W ciug;gtdplk; kiwe;jpUg;gtd;.,j;jifa ,iwtid ek; khDlf; fz;fshy; fhz ,ayhJ. mUshNy mtid mwpa ,aYk; .

mtid ehk; mwpe;J ca;tjw;F top> ,iwtidr; ruz; miltJ xd;W kl;LNk MFk;.

5. tujeQ;irag; gps;is vf;fhuzq;fshy; jkpod;idia tho;j;Jtk; vd;W $Wfpd;whh;?jkpo; kf;fspd; ,sikg; gUtj;jpNy> Kjd; Kjyhf mth;fspd; ehitg; NgRtjw;F mirtpj;j nkhop> jkpo; nkhop.jkpoh;fspd; mwpTf; fz;izj; jpwe;J cyf elg;Gfisj; njsptha; vLj;Jiuj;J> mtw;wpd; cz;ikfis

mth;fs; fUj;njhL nghUe;jr; nra;j nkhop> jkpo;nkhop.jkpoh;fspd; cs;sf; fUj;Jfis> rpe;jidfis kw;wth;fSf;F mwptpg;gjw;Ff; fUtpaha; ‘ehd; ,Uf;fpNwd;’

vd;W nrhy;ypf;nfhz;L te;j jpUj;jkhd nkhop> jkpo; nkhop.gy;NtW tifg;gl;l may; nkhopfisf; fw;gjw;Fj; jkpoh;f;F cjtp Ghpe;j tsk; nghUe;jpa nkhop> jkpo;nkhop.


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,j;jifa fhuzq;fshy;> ‘jkpod;idia tho;f! tho;f! vd;W nrhy;yp> ‘jkpo;jhapd; jpUtbfisg; gzpe;Jtho;j;JNthk;” vd;W tujeQ;irag;gps;is $Wfpd;whh;.

7. ,e;jpah; midtUk; vt;ntz;zj;ijf; iff;nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;? Vd;?‘ ,‡J ,e;jpa ehL; ,e;j ehLvq;fSf;Nf chpikahd ehL”

vd;W ehs;NjhWk; ,e;jpah; xt;nthUtUk; ,e;jpa ehl;bidg; Nghw;wpg; ghl Ntz;Lk;. ,e;jpa ehl;bw;F chpikapy;yhjme;epah; gyh; ,q;F te;J> ek;ik mbikg;gLj;jp Mz;ldh;. mg;NghJ ,e;jpah; nghWg;gpy;yhky; J}q;fpf; fple;j fhyq;fs;fope;jd. ,e;jpah;fshfpa ek;Kila tho;T kyu> te;jtiuAk; NghdtiuAk; ek;gp tho;e;J nfhz;bUe;j fhyq;fs;kiwe;J Nghapd. vdNt> ,d;W Kjy; ,e;jpah; midtUk; ‘,e;jpah- vq;fSf;F chpikahd ehL’ vd;Dk; vz;zj;ijkdj;jpy; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

njhif E}y;fs; (m) GwehD}W (ngUtpdh)1. Gwk;+ ehd;F+ E}W - GwehD}W> ‘Gwk;’ vdTk;> ‘Gwg;ghl;L’ vdTk; toq;fg;gLk;. vl;Lnjhif E}y;fSs; xd;W. ntl;rp

Kjy; ngUe;jpiz Kba cs;s Gwj;jpizfSf;Fhpa Jiwg; nghUs;fs; mike;j (400) ehD}W ghly;fisf;nfhz;Ls;sjhy; ‘GwehD}W’ vd;W ngah; ngw;wJ. ,e;E}ypd; flTs; tho;j;Jg; ghliyg; ghujk; ghba ngUe;Njtdhh;ghbAs;shh;. gy;NtW fhyj;jpy; tho;e;j gy;NtW Gyth;fshy; ghlg;gl;lit.

KbAil %Nte;jh;fs;> rpw;wurh;fs;> mikr;rh;fs;Nridj; jiyth;fs;> tPuh;fs;> filnaOts;sy;fs;>filr;rq;fg; Gyth;fs; MfpNahhpd; tPuk;> nfhilj;jpwk;>ngUik Kjyhdtw;iw GwehD}w;wpd; %yk; mwpayhk;.

rq;f fhyj; jkpo; kf;fspd; tho;f;if Kiw> ehfhpfk;> Nghh;j;jpwk;> gz;ghL kw;Wk; gof;ftof;fq;fs; gw;wpar;nra;jpfisg; GwehD}W ekf;F toq;Ffpd;wJ.

GwehD}W> ‘jkpohpd; cahpa tho;tpay;rpe;jidfis tpsf;Fk; fUT+yk;”

,J njhFf;fg ;gl ;l fhyk; fp.gp .,uz;lhk; E}w ;whz;L. ,jpy; 11 Gwj;jpizfSk; 65JiwfSk; vLj;jhsg;gl;Ls;sd. jkpo; kPJ gw;Wf; nfhz;l [p.A. Nghg; mth;fs; GwehD}w;Wg; ghly;fs; rpytw;iwMq;fpyj;jpy; nkhopngah;j;J ntspapl;Ls;shh;.

1. vl;Lj; njhif E}y;fs; ahit?mfg;nghUs; E}y;fs; Gwg;nghUs; E}y;fs; mfk; + Gwk;1. ew;wpiz> 4. fypj;njhif 6. gjpw;Wg; gj;J2.FWe;njhif 5.mfehD}W 7. GwehD}W 8.ghpghly;3. Iq;FWE}W

2. ehpnt& cj;jiyahh; gadpy;yhj KJikAilahiu tpspj;Jf; $Wtdtw;iw vOJf.‘fad;Ks; sd;d eiuKjph; jpiufTl;gadpd; %g;gpw; gy;rhd; wPNu”

KJik fhuzkhf kPdpd; Ks;isg; Nghd;W ntz;ikahd jiyKbapidAk; Njhy; RUq;fpafd;dq;fisAk; cila gadpy;yhj %g;G cila rhd;NwhNu! ‘ fzpr;rpf; $h;k;gilf; fLe;jpw nyhUtd;gpzpf;Fq; fhiy apuq;Ftph; khNjh”

$h;ikahd kOthfpa MAjj;;ij Ve;jpathW> typik tha;e;j vkd; ghrf;fapw;why; fl;b capiuf; ftutUk;NghJ tUe;JtPh;! mg;NghJ tUe;jpg; gadpy;iy.‘ey;yJ nra;j yhw;wP uhapDk;my;yJ nra;j Nyhk;Gkpd;”

capUld; thOk; NghNj ey;yJ nra;Aq;fs;. ey;y tpidfisr; nra;ahtpl;lhYk; jPaijr; nra;jiyahtJ jtph;j;JtpLq;fs;. mJNt vy;NyhUk; tpUk;GtJ. mJ kl;Lkd;W>‘cq;fis kWikapy; ey;y topahfpa tPl;Lyfpy;nrYj;jf;$ba mwtopAk; mJNtahFk;”vd;W ehpnt&cj;jiyahh; $Wfpwhh;.

3. ,lQ;Rl;b tpsf;Ff. ‘ ey;yJ nra;j yhw;wP uhapDk; my;yJ nra;j Nyhk;G kpd;”

,lk; ngw;w E}y;: GwehD}W ‘gy;rhd;wPNu’ vdj; njhlq;Fk; ghly;.$wpath; - Mrphpah;> Nfl;lth;- gadpd; %g;gpw; gy;rhd;Nwhh;

2 tpsf;fk;: KJik fhuzkhf kPdpd; Ks;isg; Nghd;W ntz;ikahd jiyKbapidAk; Njhy; RUq;fpafd;dq;fisAk; cila gadpy;yhj %g;G cila rhd;NwhNu!

$h;ikahd kOthfpa MAjj;ij Ve;jpathW> typik tha;e;j vkd; ghrf;fapw;why; fl;b capiuf; ftu tUk;NghJ


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tUe;Jtjhy; vde;jg; gaDk; ,y;iy.( capUld; ........... vd;W mwpTWj;Jfpwhh; ehpnt&cj; jiyath; .

rpw;wpyf;fpaq;fs; -ngUtpdh - njhFg;G1. ,uhruhr Nrhodpd; tpy;> ths;> KuR> nfhb> Fil Fwpj;Jf; $wg;gl;ld ahit?

tpy;ypd; rpwg;G ,e;jpuid ntd;wJ; Xh; mk;gpid tpLj;Jg; ngUq;fly; fha;e;J> tw;WkhW nra;jJ.

thspd; rpwg;G Nrho kf;fs; ey;tho;T ngwf; fhtphp MW gha;tjw;Fr; iry kiyia ntl;b toptpl;lJ; thdj;jpy;mire;j mRuh;fspd; efuj;jpidj; njhiyj;jJ.

Kurpd;rpwg;G tQ;rp khehpy; jpiwahff; nfhLj;j flg;g kuj;jhy; nra;ag;gl;lJ. Nghhpy; Njhw;w Ntw;W ehl;Lkd;diuj; jiyapy; kz; Rke;J fhtphp miz fl;LkhW nra;jJ.

nfhbapd;rpwg;G Mapuk; fz;fisf; nfhz;L. NkUkiyiaj; jhtpr; Rw;wp te;j ,e;jpuidf; nfhbapy;Gypahff; nfhz;lJ.

Filapd; rpwg;G Nrho ehl;L kf;fisf; fhf;Fk; nghUl;L> thdsT nebJ cah;e;J> mz;l $lj;ij xj;Jepw;gJ ,uhruhr Nrho kd;ddpd; Fil

2. njd;fiu ehl;bd; tsk; Fwpj;JKf;$lw;gs;S ciug;gdtw;iw vOJf.#hpadpd; ntg;gj;jpdhy; ntapy; fhAk; kf;fspd; tapW grpahy; fhahJntz;ikahd japh;fz;lq;fs;jhd; kf;fs; Neha; fz;lq;fshy; kdk; fyq;fhh;epiy FiyAk;.kha;e;J xoptd ehopifAk; thuKNk MFk; kf;fSs; ,sikapy; ,wg;gth; vtUk; ,yh;fyq;fpr; Roy;tJ ePH;r;Ropfis cila kf;fs; gpwehl;Lg; gilahy; fyq;fpr; Roy;tJ ,y;iynts;sk; kl;LNked;F Kw;wpa nre;ney; gapNu jiy rhAk; kf;fs; fhag;gl;Lk;> Fiy NehAw;Wk; jiy rha;tJ ,y;iy.Jwtpfs; kl;LNk jdpahf tho;thh; fztd; kidtpah; jdpj;J ,uhh;.re;jdf;fl;il kl;LNk miug;gjhy; NjAk; nra;Aspy;nghUs; Nja;T ,uhJ,itNa njd;fiu ehl;bd;tsk; Fwpj;J Kf;$lw;gs;S ciug;gdthk;.

3. jiytp Nkfj;jplk; nkhope;j J}J nkhopfs; ahit?nre;jhkiu kyh; Nghd;w moFk; Fsph;r;rpAk; cila fz;fis cilatuhd jpUkhy; Japy;nfhs;tJ Nghy> re;jd

kuq;fs; epiwe;Js;s nghjpa kiyr; rhuypy; Fbnfhz;L thOk; Nkff; $l;lq;fNs!mofpa ntz;kjpAk; ,iuNjb miyfpd;w Fapypd; ,sq;FQ;Rk; vd; capiu tpOq;Ftjhy; ehd; kpfTk;

tUe;JfpNwd;.vd; epiyia NkU kiyapYk; fapyha kiyapYk;> nghjpakiyapYk; jq;fp tho;gtUk;> mur Fkhupahfpa jlhjifg;

gpuhl;bapd;fztUkhfpa kJiuapy; vOe;jUsp cs;s NrhkRe;jug; ngUkhdplk; nrd;W Gfy;tPh;fshf! vd;W jiytpNkfj;jplk; J}J nkhopfis nkhope;jhs;.

4. ngUkhs; ciw jpUNtq;flg;gjp Fwpj;Jg; gps;is ngUkhs; Iaq;fhh; $Wtd ahit?jpUg;ghw;fliy kiyNghd;w jk; iffshy; file;J> mKjj;ij vLj;Jj; Njth;fSf;Ff; nfhLj;j ngUik

kpf;f jpUkhy; vOe;jUsp tho;fpd;w kiy jpUNtq;fl kiyahFk;. gpiwr;re;jpuidj; jiyapy; #ba rptngUkhDk;kdk; Fspuf; fhZk; kiy. gpuk;kDk;> ,e;jpuDk; Ntjq;fis Muha;fpd;w Kdpth;fSk; Kg;gJ Kf;Nfhbj; Njth;fSk;jk; fz;fshy; fz;L jhprpf;Fk; kiy. ,th;fs; midtUk; fhiy> khiy Mfpa ,U NtisfspYk; jk; mwpTf;Fs;Njf;fp itj;Jg; Nghw;Wfpd;w rpwe;j kiy ‘ jpUNtq;flkiy’ MFk;.

5. gps;isg; ngUkhs; Iaq;fhh; gw;wpf; Fwpg;G vOJf.ngah; : gps;isg;ngUkhs; Iaq;fhh;gpwe;j Ch; : Nrho ehl;bYs;s ‘jpUkq;if’rkak; : itztk;fhyk; : fp.gp 17 Mk; E}w;whz;Lrpwg;G ngah;fs; : ‘jpt;tpaftp’‘mofpa kzthsjhrh;’ nja;tf; ftpQh;,aw;wpait : vl;L E}y;fspd; njhFjpiaf; nfhz;l m\;lg;gpuge;jk;Mw;wpa gzpfs; : kJiu jpUkiy ehaf;f kd;dhpd; mitapy; mYtyh;; gpd;dh; ,iwj; njhz;by; jk;ik

<LgLj;jpf; nfhz;lhh;. cah;itg; Gyg;gLj;Jk; gonkhop.m\;lgpuge;jk; fw;wtd; miug; gz;bjd;

nrhy; - nghUs; - njhil- eil Nehf;Ff; nfhz;L> ,th;jk; ghly;fs; xsph;fpd;wd.


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topghl;Lg; ghly;fs; (ngUtpdh)1. ‘ehapNdd; kwe;J vz;zpidf;NfNd’ vd;W Re;juh; cUFkhw;wpid tpsf;Ff.

fw;gf kuk; Nghd;wts; Ntz;Lgth;f;F Ntz;batw;iw toq;Fk; fw;gfj; jUtpidg;Nghd;wtd; rptngUkhd;

fdfkhy;tiu nghd;kakhd fapyha kiyiag; Nghd;wtd;fhkNfhgd; jd; jtj;jpw;F ,ilA+W tpistpj;j fhkd; kPJ Nfhgk; nfhz;L new;wpf; fz;zhy;

vhpj;jtd;fz; Ejyhd; new;wpapy; jPg;nghwp gwf;Fk; new;wpf; fz;iz cilatd;> rptngUkhd;.Nrhjp tbthdtd; nrhy;Yk; nrhw;fspd; nghUs;top Vw;gLk; mf ,Ushfpa Mzt kyj;jpidg; Nghf;fp>

njsptpid mUSk; J}a;ikahd Nrhjp tbthdtd;.mbadha; jpUntz;nza; ey;Y}hpy; Xh;mbik xiyiaf; fhl;bMl;nfhz;;ltd; vd;id (Re;juiu) mbik nfhz;ltd;> rptngUkhd;ew;gjj;jhd; mbath;fSf;F mUs;GhpAk; jpUg;ghjq;fis cilatd; rptngUkhd;es;shw;whd; jpUes;shW vd;Dk; gjpapy; vOe;jUsp ,Ug;gtd;mKjhdtd; mKjk; Nghy; vd; caphpy; fye;J ,dpg;gtd; rptngUkhd;.

,j;jifa rpwg;Gfis cila rptngUkhid kwe;J> eha; Nghd;w mbatdhfpa ehd; NtW vd;d epidg;Ngd;?xd;iwAk; epidf;f khl;Nld; vd;W Re;juh; kdk; cUFfpwhh;.

2. FyNrfu Mo;thh; Ntz;LtJk; Ntz;lhjJk; ahit?FyNrfu Mo;thh; Ntz;LtJ FyNrfu Mo;thh; Ntz;lhjJ‘Njdhh;G+Q; Nrhiyj; jpUNtq; flr; Risapy; ‘ Mdhj nry;tj; juk;igah;fs; jw;#okPdhw;g; gpwf;Fk; tpjpAilNa dhNtNd” thdhSQ; nry;tKk; kz;zuRk; ahd; Ntz;Nld;”Njd; rpe;Jk ; kyh; Nrhiyfis cila Fiwtw;w moF kpf;f thDyf eldjpUNtq;flk; vd;Dk; jpUkiyapy; cs;sePh; epiwe;j khjh;fshfpa muk;igah;fs; vd;idr;Ridfspy; kPdha;g; gpwf;Fk; ew;Ngw;wpidNa ehd; Rw;wp FOkpaUf;f ,e;jpuNyhfj;ijtpUk;GfpNwd; vd;W FyNrfu Mo;thh; MSk; tha;g;Gk; xUNru vdf;Ff;Ntz;Lfpwhh;. fpilg;gjhf ,Ue;jhYk; mtw;iw ehd;

tpUk;g khl;Nld; vd;W FyNrfu Mo;thh; $Wfpwhh;

3. rpYitapy; ghpj;jpahfk; nra;j ngUkhidf; fpU\;zg;gps;is vt;thW mQ;ryp nra;fpwhh;?‘ ,NaR gpuhd;> fd;dpj;jd;ik mopahj khpahspd; kfdhf ,t;Tyfpy; Njhd;wpdhh;. epiyngw;w mopahj

,t;Tyfj;jpy; thOk; Nfhbf;fzf;fhd caph;fs; midj;Jk; tPLNgw;wpid milAk; nghUl;Lj; mj;jifa,uf;fKs;s topgL flTshfpa ,NaR ngUkhid> ek; ,UiffisAk; jiyNky; J}f;fp $g;gpj; njhOJtzq;FNthk;” vd;W rpYitapy; ghpj;jpahfk; nra;j ,NaR ngUkhidf; fpU\;zg;gps;is mQ;rypnra;fpwhh;.

4. mwpth;f;Fk; mwptdhfpa mUfNjtid ePyNfrp topg;gl;lik vt;thW?mwpQh;fSf;nfy;yhk; rpwe;j mwpQdha; ,Uf;Fk; mUfNjtNd !eP mhpaizapy;mUs;newpNahL mkh;e;jpUg;gha;.

xsptPRk; ntz;ikahd fthpiaf; ifapy; Ve;jp> fe;jUth; cd; ,Ugf;fq;fspYk; epd;W> fthpfismirg;gh;. MNyhfk;> gpugh%h;j;jp> fdg;gpuia Mfpa %d;W jpUnthsp epoy; jUk; kz;byq;fs; xsptPrpf;nfhz;bUf;Fk;. jpq;fisg; Nghd;w tl;ltbtkhd Kf;Filfs; jiyf;F Nky; ftpo;e;J epoy;jUk; Njth;$l;lkhfpaey;y mitapdh; Nfl;L njsptilAk; gb> %d;W Mfkq;fisj; jpUtha; kyh;e;J mUspdha; ! MfNt ! epd;kyubfisg; gzpfpNwd; vd;W mUfNjtid ePyNfrp topgl;lhh;.

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12 Tamil Poet

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