12 Recurve Technique

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Intermediate

Level

RECURVE BOW

SHOOTING FORM

Module

FITA

Coach’sManual



Module

RECURVE BOW SHOOTING FORM

FI A Coaching ManualIntermediate Level

. StanceS ance is one o he mos basic poses o an archer. Many changes come in o being in he angles o he en ire body which rela e o he basic orm o he s ance. Some smallchanges may need o be in roduced o be in accordance wi h an archer’s physical shape o he body and he char-ac eris ics o he pose. However, i is mos impor an oran archer o mas er an accura e and basic square s ance when hey are in he beginning s ages. Once he archermoves on o he improving s age i is beter or hem ochoose he s ance ha sui s heir body s ruc ure and

hem as an individual.

Width o stance (placement o the eet)o accomplish a good com or able and s able s ancehere maybe some areas ha need o be considered in ac-

cordance wi h an archer’s weigh , heigh , and he orm o he s ance. As or he wid h o s ance, i is good or he

archer o have he ee placed equal o, or jus a litle widerhan he wid h o he shoulders.

Te centre line o the body when assuming the stance Te cen re line o a body a he ime o assuming he s anceis very impor an . Tis cen re line o he body comes un-der con inuous movemen while he bow is being drawn.Even a he ime o ex ending he body o comple e he

sho a lo o in uence is exer ed and he line may devia erom he ver ical. Te archer should be par icularly care-ul o main ain he ver ical posi ion.

Te square stance A beginner should be able o easily mas er he squares ance. Tey can easily main ain a xed body angle andcen re line o he body. Once he archer has mas ered hesquare s ance and is moving on o he improving s agei is beter or hem o choose he s ance ha sui s heir body s ruc ure and hem as an individual.

Te open stance

When using he open s ance i is good or he archer o broaden he wid h o he ee o be in line wi h he shoul-ders. I he direc ion o he wais is on he same line as he

ee , he posi ion o he bow shoulder is pushed backwardmaking i di cul o main ain he power a ull draw.



Recurve Bow Shooting Form

. Producing he proper arrangemen and alignmen o he lower body and he upper body.

Te accurate position o the bow arm, and arm rota- tion

Te orm o he bow arm is very impor an when pushinghe bow a he ime o he se up. An archer should ro a ehe bow arm ex ending he bow orward and ligh ly in-

ward. In he case o he beginner, and e ec ive prac icerou ine is o lean he bow hand agains a wall, or a similar

xed i em. Te shoulder o he bow arm can be xed a anaccura e loca ion, bu only when he bow arm is ro a edinwardly. Wi h his prac ice no change will occur in heshoulder posi ion a he ime o ex ending and a clean re-lease can be produced.

In case archers exceed more han degrees he body weigh is slan ing orward and so he balance o pow-er over he wo ee becomes unsa is ac ory, When he

wis ing o wais is oo s rong, he exibili y o he body comes o disappear and archers come o eel ension in

he upper body. Also movemen akes place in he wais causing he

bow shoulder and arm o shake making i impossible oproduce a good sho .

Te open s ance, i done correc ly can have an advan-age in which he archer can have a eeling o s abili y in

windy condi ions.

. SetupSe up is a preliminary ac ion be ore drawing he s ringand which a ec s many movemen s and condi ions. ak-ing an accura e se up s ance will help he body produce

he correc s ance a ull draw.

Te principle o the stance or producing a correct setup

. Te correc posi ion o he bow arm, and arm ro a-ion.

. An accura e posi ioning and xing o he bow arm

shoulder.. Te correc heigh o he bow arm.. Main aining he accura e body cen re and alignmen

a he ime o he se up.. Main aining an accura e angle a he ime o he se -

up.. Choosing he accura e posi ion o he nape o he neck

a he ime o he se up.. Accura e brea hing a he ime o he se up.. Main aining he exibili y o he join o he drawing

arm, also main aining he angle.. Es ablishing he accura e balance o power be ween

he drawing arm and bow arm.



FITA Coaching Manual Intermediate Level

Te xing o the accurate position o the bow armshoulder An archer should main ain he posi ion o he bow shoul-der produced a he ime o he se up, hen gen ly lower

he direc ion o orce during he draw. In his way hey

come o preven he rising o he shoulder during hedraw.

Te accurate height and position o the drawing armTe bes heigh o he arm drawing he bow is somewhere be ween he eyes and lips ( his mus be de ned personal-ly by each individual archer). In his way an archer comes

o main ain he heigh o he elbow when drawing a bow.Tis will also help o make he bow seem easier pull as

he draw ravels in he lower direc ion rom he sligh ly higher original posi ion. Tis will help o main ain healignmen o he arm drawing he bow, he arrow and heelbow, and keep a horizon al draw orce line.

Maintaining the correct centre o gravity o the body at the time o the setup When drawing a bow he archer should place he cen reo gravi y o he body over he cen re o bo h legs i.e. i

he cen re line o he body was con inued down o heground his line would all direc ly cen ral o he posi ion where he ee are placed on he ground.

Note: Some Coaches recommend geting he Cen reo Gravi y a litle owards he oes, ei her by can ing heen ire body ron ward or by can ing he op body romhips.

I his cen re line is no posi ioned correc ly a change will occur o his line when he archer draws he bow.

Maintaining the correct angle o the body at the time o the setup When drawing a bow he archer should place he cen reo gravi y o he upper body a he cen re o bo h legs, i.ea he cen re o gravi y o he whole body. I his is nomain ained while he archer draws he bow he body willlean and his will cause a change o he body’s cen re o gravi y.




Breathing at the time o the setup Wi h respec o brea hing, an archer may as well main-

ain na ural s a e. However, a his ime, respira ory racshould remain opened.

Te choice o he accura e posi ion o he nape o he

neck: a he ime o he se up.Te archer should properly ace oward he arge ahe ime o he se up. Many inconsis encies will occur,

i.e. wi h he anchor (draw re erence poin ), depending onhe posi ion o he nape o he neck ha is chosen a heime o he se up.

Te exibility o the wrist o the drawing arm, and producing a consistent angle Te wris o he hand drawing he s ring should always s ay relaxed a he ime o drawing he bow, and he s raighline wi h he arrow should be main ained hroughou heprocess o drawing he bow.

Te correct balance between the drawing hand and bow hand When drawing he bow i is beter ha he archer eels a balance o power o % on each o he drawing hand andpushing hand a he ime o he se up. Tis will help indeveloping a echnique o ex ending la er.

Te proper arrangement o the lower body and the upper body Te upper body and he hips should s ay xed during

he ime o he se up. I he rela ionship be ween he up-per body and hips changes a his ime i will e ec many areas during he draw, or even, when a ull draw. Tearcher’s body posi ion goes hrough many changes when

coming o ull draw and i is impera ive o keep hese oa minimum.

Hooking (Placing the ngers on the string)Hooking (placing he ngers on he s ring) is an ac ion

ha should be under aken care ully and correc ly. Tenger ab should be correc ly placed on he ngers andhe s ring should be correc ly posi ioned on he ngerab. I his is no done correc ly many inconsis encies inhe archers s ance, including ull draw and ex ending e c.

can be a ec ed and depend on he posi ion in which hengers and ab are placed on he s ring. I an archer has

developed an incorrec nger posi ion on he s ring i will be very di cul o rec i y his mis ake, here ore an archershould under ake o per ec his process wi hou letingany errors develop.

3. Te basic principle o hooking (Placing thefngers on the string)

. Te posi ion o he s ring which is placed on he n-gers should be cons an and a xed loca ion.

. Te dis ribu ion o he orce on he ngers should re-main cons an a all imes.

. No orce or s rain should be el on he join s o hengers; hey should remain sof and relaxed.

. Te wris join should be relaxed and no orce should be applied o i .

. Te direc ion o orce on he ngers should be con-s an and in he direc ion o he orce o he bow.

. When a bow is ully drawn and he hand reaches heanchor poin (draw leng h re erence poin ) he s ringmay now be hung on he rs join o he ngers.




. Tere will be a small di erence in he posi ion whenhe s ring is placed on he ngers; his is dependan onhe leng h o he ngers o each individual archer.

. An archer should choose a nger ab which is mossui able or he size and orm o heir ngers and

which is com or able o wear.. Te direc ion o orce a ull draw should be in as raigh line – rom he ip o he drawing arm elbow,

hrough he wris and ngers on he s ring o he pres-sure poin on he bow, his is known as he draw orceline (DFL).. No ension should en er he humb or litle nger and

hey should remain relaxed a all imes.

Te position in which a string is placed on the ngers Te posi ion where he s ring is placed on he ngers may well be on he rs join o he ngers. Te prepared posi-

ion o he ngers on he s ring prior o drawing he s ringmay be well behind he rs join bu when he drawinghand reaches he anchor (draw re erence poin ) he s ringmay now be in he rs join on he ngers. o achieve

his s ring loca ion a ull draw i may be necessary, whilea he prepared posi ion, o posi ion he s ring a litle ur-

her down he ngers han he rs join .

Te distribution o the orce on the ngers Te dis ribu ion o he orce o he hree ngers placedon he s ring should be na urally implemen ed. I will be very s renuous o consciously dis ribu e his orce and i will be di cul o e ec na ural release. Various inconsis -

encies wi hin he s ance can be caused by inconsis enciesin he placemen o he ngers on he s ring; his is caused by he change in orce which is applied o he ngers hahas aken place. I an archer mas ers he s ance he dis ribu ion o orce on he ngers will be realized na urally.

Te elbow o the drawing arm and the height o the arrow I he elbow o he drawing arm rises oo high above heline o he arrow, he op imum line is jus above he lineo he arrow, he orce on he ngers is inclined oward

he ring nger ( hird nger). In he case o he elbow be-ing inclined downward, lower han he arrow line, he

orce will all on o he middle and hird nger. Te cor-rec heigh o he drawing elbow is essen ial and will behelp ul in producing he correc dis ribu ion o orce on

he ngers.

Placing the string on the drawing hand ngers I he s ring is posi ioned oo ar along he ngers he

orce comes o be direc ed oward he ring nger, whichorces he ring nger o press s rongly on he s ring. Tis

ac ion makes i di cul o execu e a clean release.

I he s ring is placed here i is oo ar along he ngers.




Te ration o orce Tere should be very litle di erence in he ra io o orceon he hree ngers when drawing he bow, here will,however, be some di erences which are dependan on

he bone s ruc ure o he archer’s hand and ngers. On

average, sligh ly more orce is applied o he middle n-ger; he nex is he ring ( hird) nger and hen he index nger.

Te joints o the ngers and wrist I ension is applied o he join s o he ngers and/or wris s opping hem rom being relaxed and in a na uralline, he orce line o drawing he s ring does no reach he back muscles which res ric s he ac ion o ex ending he body in o he sho . Also, i he ension is excessive in he

ngers and wris he dis ribu ion o orce is no even andhe direc ion o orce canno be accura ely per ormed.

oo ensed s ring hand.

Te direction o the orce on the ngers Te direc ion o orce on he ngers rom he ime o drawing he s ring o he process o releasing is very im-por an . Te muscle ension required o keep he ngerso he drawing hand on he s ring should be jus su cien

o main ain con rol o he s ring. Te posi ion and ac iono he elbow has a direc bearing on he ac ion, and reac-

ion, o he bow. I when a ull draw he s ring is oo ardown he ngers all he orce is ocused on he ngers,and; I oo much ension is used i will be di cul o ex-ecu e a clean release.

Te use o a nger tabTe nger ab can signi can ly a ec an archer’s per orm-ance, his all depends on he quali y, he ma erial and

orm, and hey all can a ec he archer’s con rol. Terehave been cases where ngers have been injured because

o an ill ting or damaged nger ab. Te ma erial o nger abs should be consis en and e cien , even i iis used or a long ime. Te archer should also choose ama erial ha does no change in quali y during inclemen wea her. Also, i he archer uses a mul i layer ab i canhelp o reduce he possibili y o injury o he ngers.

Placing the drawing ngers on the string Te ngers drawing he s ring should no pu undueprssure on o he nock o he arrow. Te middle ngershould no ouch or raise he nock as his would orce henock in o a alse posi ion and cause inconsis encies in hearrow patern on he arge . Te op nger should sofly

ouch he op o he nock when he archer has come ohe ull draw and reached he anchor poin (Draw re er-

ence poin ).

4. Te Grip (hand position on the bow)Te posi ion o he grip is he mos cen ral posi ion o a bow; his and he hand pressure on i exer s a grea deal o

e ec on he direc ion in which he bow moves a he imeo he sho . Te en ire orce o a bow, i.e. he upward anddownward balance, is in accordance wi h he direc ion o

orce and he posi ion o he bow hand and i s con ac wi h he bow grip. In par icular, as a clicker (draw leng hcheck) is in roduced, a lo o changes occur in he direc-

ion o orce a he ime o ex ending he draw orce lino comple e he sho . Tere ore, an archer should mas erhe accura e hand posi ion on he bow grip which is com-

pa ible wi h heir physique and s ance.




Te basic principles o the hand position and bow grip

. Te hand posi ion on he bow grip should become acons an and na ural posi ion or every sho .

. Te direc ion o orce o he hand pushing he bow

grip should no be biased up, down or lef or righ budirec ly orward and on he cen re o he bow grip.. Te archer should eel a na ural and com or able hand

posi ion on he bow grip, hey should also eel, andkeep, he s abili y in he shoulder bow and arm as he body is ex ended o comple e he sho .

. Tere should be litle or no orce exer ed on, or by, hengers o he bow hand as he pressure is increased onhe bow grip o comple e he sho .

. Tere should be no change in he direc ion o he orceon he bow grip a he ime o ex ending.

. Te hand posi ion on he bow grip should no slip oei her he lef or righ a he ime o ex ending.

. Te ngers o he bow hand, once se , should nomove during he ime o ex ending.

Te height o the bow gripTe heigh o he bow grip can di er rom bow manu-

ac urer o bow manu ac urer or rom model o model.Tere ore, archers should choose a heigh o bow grip

ha sui s heir hand, bone s ruc ure and shoo ing orm. Whils he archer draws he bow and he hand pressureincreases on he bow grip he orce o he hand should bein he la eral cen re o he bow grip and a place lower han

he ver ical cen re o he bow grip. A his ime, he direc-ion o orce should no move up or be inclined o he lef

or righ . Whils in he early s ages i may be wor hwhileplacing/ataching some hing o he bow grip o help hearcher loca e a cons an posi ion or heir hand, i should

be posi ioned o sui heir individual s yle.

Te position and condition o a stabilized bow hand Te archer should be able o eel he mos com or able

hand posi ion when hey draw heir bow.. Te archer should eel and sense he cen ral par o he

hand as i con ac s he cen ral par o he bow grip.

. Tere should be no orce exer ed on he wris which jeopardises he bow hand posi ion on he bow grip

. When he archer draws a bow hey should have a na u-ral sense o eeling wi h he bow hand and shoulderline.

Te orm o the ngers o the bow hand Archers should le he humb and ore nger bend in a way ha is na ural o hem. I archers un old heir humband ore nger he muscles o he cen re o he ngers be-come unna ural and unwan ed orce may be in roduced

o he wris . I also is advisable or all he o her ngers o be relaxed and main ain a na ural s a e whils execu ing

he sho .

Te direction o hand pressure on the bow grip A grea varie y o changes can ake place, many o whichare dependan on he direc ion o pressure he bow handexer s on he bow grip. Te direc ion o his pressurein uences he righ and lef posi ion o an arrow when

aimed a he arge . Te consis ency o his pressure loca-ion is very impor an because even a small change can

have an e ec , i may even cause changes occur o, heDFL (draw orce line) i.e. he bow grip, bow arm, he ar-row, and drawing arm.

. Te direc ion o he orce should be placed be weenhe humb and ore nger and his cen ral par should

be placed in he cen re o he grip o he bow.. Te hand being placed on he cen re o he bow grip

should be placed here gen ly and in precisely he sameposi ion each ime.

. Te humb and ore nger o he bow hand nd heirown posi ion na urally which is usually direc edsligh ly inward. A his ime, he humb and ore nger




should ace sligh ly orward and he orce exer ed by he pressure o he bow should resul in hem sligh ly

coming oge her. Te division o orce on he humband nger should be equal a %.

Te palm on the bow gripTe lef par o he palm (A) on he bow hand shouldno ouch he grip par o he bow. Te palm should

ace he ground. In si ua ions where he palm becomes ver ical i.e. he same plane as he bow, archers canno

urn he bow arm inward which resul s in he arm andshoulder no being loca ed correc ly, and i is di cul oachieve a good angle in he ull draw posi ion. Wi h hedirec ion o he hand loca ed on he grip being inclined

o he lef, i orces he cen re line o he body o be in-clined backward.

Te cen re o he bow grip should always be he push-ing pressure con ac poin . I he Bow hand slides up hegrip during he draw he bone o he palm (B) becomes

he pushing pressure con ac poin . As his is lower hanhe cen re o he grip undesirable changes o he archersorm and movemen o he bow will occur a he ime

o shoo ing.

Te use o a bow sling Geting a beginner o use a bow sling is very impor an .I a beginner does no use a bow sling hey become

o develop he habi o holding he bow wi h he bow hand. Tis is no a good habi and should be discour-aged. When he beginner akes hold o a bow unwan ed

orces are in roduced in o he muscles and hey s ar oenergise, when his happens movemen occurs in he bow arm. Tere ore, rom he ou se , a beginner shoulduse a bow sling so ha hey can main ain he direc iono orce which pushes on he cen ral par o he bow grip wi h he bow hand.

Kinds o bow sling Tere are various kinds o bow slings; however, we give

he pre erence o he nger sling. Te reason is ha when using a wris sling he bow movemen can be ex-cessive, and he bow moves up and down, and righ andlef a he ime o shoo ing. However, when a nger slingis being used he grip pushing a bow can ace he cen reo a arge , and he archer can have a eeling in which he bow and bow arm ex end reely oward he arge a hemomen o he sho . Te nger sling should be placed be ween he ore nger and he humb. I he archerplaces he nger sling be ween a middle nger and he

humb he direc ion o he ace o he palm on he bow hand changes a he ime o shoo ing, his would cause achange in he direc ion o he orce o he pushing bow arm.



FITA Coaching Manual Intermediate Level 1

5. Te action drawing the bow . Drawing speed.. Drawing direc ion.. Drawing balance.. Body s ance a he ime o drawing.

. Te movemen o he cen re o gravi y a he ime o drawing.

5.1 Drawing speed When drawing he bow, he archer should draw i even-ly and slowly. I he bow is drawn oo suddenly and a aspeed ha is unna urally as unwan ed orce en ers hemuscles and he body becomes ra her rigid. Te speed o drawing a bow should become a na ural eeling and com-pa ible o he eeling when aking up he original s ance.Tis speed should be where he archer can con rol hesense and eeling wi hin he muscles. Te en ire mo iono drawing a bow should be ully con rolled and realisedin a rhy hmic ac ion.

5.2 Drawing directionTe line o orce and line o direc ion a he ime o hese up should be main ained. Te direc ion o he draw-ing hand should no move ei her up or down whendrawing he bow. Nei her should he drawing hand wander in o or away rom he bow arm during i s ravel when drawing he bow. Te line and direc ion o orceshould be; rom he cen re o he arge , hrough he bow hand o he drawing hand. Tis line should no devia e up, down, lef or righ during he ac ion o drawing

he bow.



Recurve Bow Shooting Form 11

5.3 Drawing balance When drawing a bow a % balance should be main ained be ween he drawing arm and he pushing arm.

5.4 Body stance at the time o drawing . You should make sure ha when drawing a bow he

shoulder o he bow arm does no raise up.. You should no bend your body a he wais .. When drawing a bow you mus main ain he original body s ance where he upper and lower body are inline.

Te movement o the centre o gravity at the time o drawing I here is a change in he cen re o gravi y due o an incor-rec body alignmen a he ime o se up, he whole body cen re o gravi y will be in error when he bow is drawn.

No e: Some Coaches recommend geting he Cen re o Gravi y a litle owards he oes, ei her by can ing he en-

ire body ron ward or by can ing he op body rom hips.

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6. Te Anchor (Draw re erence point)Te anchor (draw re erence poin ) is he mos impor ano all he basic skills. Te reason or his is he anchor is

he cen ral posi ion o he “pushing” and “pulling” poin s when in he ull draw posi ion. Depending upon he posi-

ions and me hods o he individual archer’s s ance, (vari-ous s ances are in uenced in many ways), hey shouldmas er he me hod o reproducing an accura e anchor po-si ion righ rom he s ar when learning archery.

. An archer should per orm he anchoring ac ion by using he elbow, ra her han using he muscles o hearm o draw he s ring hand o he chin. I an archerper orms he anchoring ac ion wi hou using he elbow, orce will en er he wris , and a s able anchoringposi ion will no be achieved.

Te height of the anchoring elbow.

. Te elbow should be higher han he horizon al lineo he arrow hen he drawing hand can be comple ely

xed in he correc , prede ermined, loca ion on he jawbone. However, cau ion should be aken i he

hird nger is shor and no geting a good posi ion onhe s ring, i will be possible or his nger, or even he

whole hand o slip rom he s ring.




Te position o anchoring.. Te s ring may be loca ed a litle o he ou side o he

ace ra her han a he cen re o he chin. However, ahis ime he s ring should be posi ioned a he cen-re o he nose. I he s ring is posi ioned o he righ

( or a righ handed archer) and away rom he cen reo he nose, he s ring could be seen aligned ou o hein ernal jaw o he sigh window o he riser (requir-ing ano her head orien a ion). However, when a ulldraw, anchoring sligh ly o he side o he jawbone willhelp produce a good release due o a beter “draw orceline”.

Te drawing hand in the anchoring position.

. When he drawing hand is in he prede ermined an-choring posi ion and he s ring is loca ed a he jaw, hearcher should con inue pushing wi h he bow-hand. While per orming he ex ending mo ion, he loca iono he s ring on he ace should be main ained, his will help o produce a good release when he clickerac iva es and reduces he likelihood o making a poorrelease.

7. Full Draw Having a good body posi ion a ull draw is he mos impor-

an elemen o making a good sho . Te angles o he body can vary in accordance wi h many physical charac eris icso he archer. Tere ore, here can be minor di erences in

he basic echniques in accordance wi h each archer’s phy-sique when aking up he correc angle when a ull draw.Te s ance when a ull draw is very impor an as i is he

nal s ance be ore loosing he arrow. Afer he archer hasmas ered adop ing he correc s ance a ull draw he archershould begin o rain and per ec he release.

7.1 Te correct body stance at ull draw When a ull draw i is impor an o s and erec and ha

he body is s raigh .

I he body is leaning or ben a his ime, as in he pic ure below, he pushing arm shoulder will have a endency orise. In such a case he pushing arm, arrow and drawingarm will no be in a ver ical line bu will lean a a similarangle o ha which he body has adop ed.

7.2 Te ull draw position as seen fom the font Te cen re o he grip o he bow hand, he posi ion o heanchored hand and he elbow o he drawing arm shouldall be in a s raigh line. Te elbow o he drawing armshould be a a higher plane han he line o he arrow, and

he shoulder o he pushing arm should be lower han heline o he arrow. I a his ime he shoulder o he push-ing arm is higher han he line o he arrow i will be di -

cul o use back ension, and he shoulder will con inueo rise during he ex ending phase.




. Te position o ull draw as seen fom above. When in his posi ion i is good o or he shoulders o be parallel wi h he line o he arrow, see pic ure below. When in his s ance he arrow should be in close o he body. I is impor an o have a s raigh line rom hegrip o he pushing arm hrough he ngers o he draw-ing hand o he elbow o he drawing arm. A his ime

hough, i will be accep able or he drawing arm elbow o be posi ioned a litle behind s raigh drawing line. Te

upper body should be cen ral and ver ical o he s ance, i i is no posi ioned in his way he cen re o gravi y o he body will move a he ime o ex ending causing incon-sis encies o he sho .

7.4 Te position o ull draw as seen fom behind.Te drawing shoulder blade should be lower ha hepushing shoulder blade a he ime o ull draw, see pic ure below. Te shoulder o he pushing arm should main ain

he pushing s a e while he drawing shoulder con inuesa s rong drawing ac ion. Per orming his ac ion will develop he correc balance and back ension, and develop agood release a he ime o ex ending.

7.5 Te inclining o the bow at ull draw. A he ime o ull draw he bow should be ver ical and nocan ed lef or righ . Te posi ion o he s ring and he di-rec ion o arrow igh will be di eren i he bow is can eda he ime o aiming and loosing. Tis is usually caused by he upper body leaning one way or he o her aking he bow o a similar angle o ha he body has aken up, sospecial aten ion is needed o ensure he s ance and body posi ion is correc be ore comple ing he sho .

7.6 Te inclining o the body at ull draw.I he cen re line o he body is leaning or inclined a he

ime o ull draw, he archer will have di cul y in e ec -ing a per ec sho . An archer should develop a ver ical andproper cen re line as hey come o ull draw and main ain

his line hrough he ime o ex ending and releasing.




Note : Some Coaches recommend geting he Cen re o Gravi y a litle owards he oes, ei her by can ing heen ire body ron ward or by can ing he op body romhips.

8. ExtendingOnce he archer has mas ered he basic skills o shoo ing,

he archer should hen mas er he skill o using a clicker.I is very impor an ha an in ermedia e archer learnshow o use and con rol he opera ion o he clicker cor-rec ly. Accura e balance, correc use o he muscles and

he s eadiness o ex ending are very impor an .Per ec ing he basic s ance is essen ial be ore mov-

ing on o mas ering he me hod o accura e ex ending,he archer should have a good ounda ion in he s ance i hey are o mas er he ar o producing a good echnique

in ex ending.Te ime o using a clicker and he impor an poin s

be ore using a clicker. An archer should no s ar using a clicker un il hey

have comple ely mas ered consis ency in he ar o pro-ducing he basic s ance.

Te release should be correc ly mas ered be ore usinga clicker, i i is no , i is very di cul o correc a bad re-lease afer in roducing a clicker.

An archer should have su cien power o be able odraw he bow com or ably and e cien ly. I he bow is

oo power ul or he archer hey end o comple e he ex-ending ac ion by using he ngers o he drawing hand,

or by in roducing unnecessary use o o her muscles.Te archer should be correc ly measured or he arrow

ha hey will be using wi h he clicker. Te leng h o he ar-row should be measured when he archer has drawn he bow correc ly and whils he archer is in he ull draw posi ion.

Good Not good

8.2 Methods o using a clicker.8.2.1 Te me hod o looking a he arrow poin

whils he archer is drawing he arrow.

3 to 5 mm

Te archer wa ches he arrow poin whils drawing he•

bow un il i is approxima ely o millime res romhe ron o he clicker.

Whils keeping an eye on he clicker he archer should•

also make sure ha he sigh pin is posi ioned on hecen re o he arge . Te archer should also be cau-

ious a his ime and no le he arrow pass hroughhe clicker un il hey are o ally ready.

Whils main aining he sigh pin on he cen re o he•

arge he archer should be ex ending con inuously. When he arrow poin ac iva es he clicker he archer•

commences he release, his should no be delayed bushould be comple ed in a na ural and relaxed ac ion.

S rong poin s: Te archer comes o ull draw being awareo he arrow poin and clicker rela ionship. In par icular

hey see he arrow poin nearing he posi ion o ac iva inghe clicker which develops a xed draw leng h and helps

producing a cons an ex ending ime. Weak poin s: When he archer comes o ull draw and

heir vision moves rom he arrow poin o he sigh pin,a phenomenon occurs where ull draw pressure is relaxedand he arrow creeps sligh ly orward. o coun er his, hearcher mus ac ively con inue he ex ending ac ion in acon inuous mo ion.

8.2.2 Te me hod o drawing he bow wi hou look-ing a he arrow.

Te archer should selec he correc leng h arrow be oreusing his me hod. o de ermine his, he archer shouldclose he eyes and come o ull draw; he arrow leng h can

hen be measured when he archer is ex ending com or -ably. Tis should be prac iced several imes o ensure hecorrec arrow leng h is ob ained.




Te archer draws he bow un il he arrow is approxi-ma ely o millime res rom ac iva ing he clicker, a

his poin he emphasis is o concen ra e on aiming a hecen re o he arge .

Te archer con inues he ac o ex ending while main-

aining he concen ra ion o aiming a he cen re o hearge .S rong poin s: Te archer can easily eel heir own

senses, and he con inuous ac ion o ex ending can beeasily per ormed.

Weak poin s: An inconsis en draw leng h may occuras a resul o he archer’s physical condi ion; even he cli-ma e or wind condi ions may in uence he archer’s abil-i y o achieve a regular and cons an draw leng h.

8.2.3 Te me hod o e ec ive mas ering he use o aclicker.

When rs using a clicker he archer should s ar by wa ching he arrow poin . When he archer has mas ered

his me hod and he draw leng h becomes cons an , as anex s ep, i will be more e ec ive o selec he me hod o using a clicker wi hou looking a he arrow poin .

. . In he case o young archers, and depending onheir age and heigh , heir draw leng h should be checked

regularly, possibly every o mon hs. Teir heigh , armleng h and shoulder wid h may all change a di ering

imes bu hey can all have a bearing on heir draw leng h.Teir arrows should be kep long o allow or his changein heir physique and possible draw leng h.

8.3 Te balance o extending Producing a good balance o power a he ime o ex end-ing is a very impor an archers’ skill.

Te dis ribu ion o he power o pushing, and draw-

ing, should always be cons an . In he case o beginners,i is good o produce a ra io o % pushing and %drawing. Depending on he individual archer here will be a small di erence in he dis ribu ion o his power;however, i is impor an ha no mater how small hisdi erence is i should remain cons an . Care should be

aken ha he dis ribu ion o power a he ime o ex-ending remains cons an , even i he ime o ex ending

varies. Tis is because he dis ribu ion o power is con-s an when he ex ending ime is shor , bu he balanceo power may change when he ex ending ime becomesa litle long.

8.4 Te direction o extending Te direc ion o ex ending should remain cons an a all

imes. Te pushing arm should correc ly push rom hepivo poin o he arm, and he elbow o he drawing armshould main ain a direc line o movemen in he oppo-

si e direc ion.

8.5 Te areas to be cautious o at the time o extending

An archer should no execu e he ex ending ac ion by •

using he ngers

No change should ake place in he posi ion o he an-•

chor a he ime o ex ending. All ngers should s ay on he ab and no slip o a he•

ime o ex ending.Te drawing elbow should no be lowered a he ime•

o ex ending.Te shoulder o he pushing arm should no move up-•

ward a he ime o ex ending.Te pushing hand on he bow grip should no move•

o he lef or righ a he ime o ex ending.




Te wris o he pushing bow arm should no move•

upward a he ime o ex ending.No change should ake place in he loca ion o he•

s ring a he ime o ex ending.Te bow should be ver ical and no inclined lef or•

righ a he ime o ex ending.No change should occur in he balance o he pulling•

and drawing power a he ime o ex ending.No change should occur in he direc ion o power a•

he ime o ex ending.No change should ake place in he cen re line or cen-•

re o gravi y o he body a he ime o ex ending.

9. Te releaseI is essen ial ha he archer develops and mas ers he re-lease ei her in he beginning or in ermedia e s age o heir

raining, as i is very di cul o correc he release la er. Inpar icular i is essen ial ha he archer mas ers he release be ore using a clicker as hey can concen ra e on, andmas er, he release be ore having o con rol he clickeras well. However, once he archer begins o use a clicker

hey end o concen ra e on his and neglec he ac ionand mo ion o he release. Tis some imes gives rise o

he archer making a alse release by consciously openingo he ngers. Te release should be na ural and ollow

he line o power ha he archer developed be ore beingin roduced o he clicker. Te posi ion where he release begins should be a he end o he ac ion o coming o

ull draw and a he beginning o when he ex ending ac-ion is being per ormed. I here is any devia ion rom his

place where he release begins errors will be in roducedin o he per ormance o he sho , and he inconsis enciesin roduced will degrade he e ciency o he sho .

9.1 Te direction o the release Te direc ion o he release should ollow he line rom

he back o he arrow and along he power line which is jus under and along he jaw bone. I a he momen o re-lease he ngers devia e rom his line, ei her in o or away

rom he jaw, he ngers will leave he s ring in a alse lo-ca ion orcing he arrow o devia e rom he correc lineo igh .

9. Te speed o releaseTe speed o he ngers releasing he s ring is very impor-

an . Te rela ionship o ime when he clicker alls romhe arrow poin o he momen o he release is also very

impor an . I is ound ha i here is a delay his is hmomen where mos o he mis akes ake place. I is im-por an ha he release is per ec ed so ha he ime anspeed o he release s ay uni orm and cons an .

9.3 Te distance o nger travel during the release Te dis ance o nger ravel during he release should always be cons an . I is no necessary or he dis ance o

ravel o be any ur her han rom he posi ion o he n

gers a he anchor (draw re erence poin ) o jus below he ear. I he dis ance o ravel is oo shor i is possibleor he releasing hand ngers o be drawn orward pro-

ducing a orward loose, and i he ravel is oo ar i canproduce a sudden unwan ed body movemen .

9.4 Te use o the back muscles at the time o the release Te archer should have a con rolled release a he imeo ex ending while main aining he power and pressureacross he back muscles. In order o achieve a good re-lease, he power a he drawing arm elbow should bemain ained whils he release is being per ormed. I en-




sion en ers he drawing ngers a he ime o ex endinghe release will be a alse one and no con rolled or e -cien .

9.5 Te orm o the ngers at the time o the release

Tere should be no increase in ension o he ngers o he drawing hand o help e ec he release. I is impor anha he muscle power con rolling he ngers o he draw-

ing hand should jus be relaxed a he ime o he release,and he ngers should remain relaxed during he ollow-

hrough.

9.6 Te inspection o the nger tab Archers should regularly inspec he sur ace o he nger

ab or wear; his is o ensure he release s ays cons anand e cien . Tis can also show he area o nger pres-sure on he ab and he line he s ring akes across i , andi can give an indica ion on he s a e he release. Tis will be eviden by he wear patern – whe her i is wearingevenly or par ially in a par icular area.

0. Follow TroughMain aining he s ance afer he release is very impor an ;no only he s ance, bu also he orm, he visual, men aland brea hing ac ivi ies. Te archer’s men al prepara ionand hough s o execu ing a good ollow hrough will helpin producing a good release, his has he added bene o helping o execu e and per ec he process o ex ending.

10.1 Maintaining the direction o power.During he process o release and ollow hrough hedrawing hand should con inue along he line o power

ha was se -up during he ex ending procedure. Tisline is rom he pressure poin on he bow pushing hand,

hrough he drawing hand ngers where hey are loca ed

on he s ring, o he poin o he elbow o he drawingarm.

10.2 Maintaining the vertical centre line o the body During he ac ion o he release and ollow hrough he

archer mus main ain he ver ical line o he body. I he body devia es rom his cen ral line he body will shakea he ime o release and unwan ed movemen will bein roduced.

10.3 Sustaining the use o the back muscles.Te muscles o he back should no be relaxed rapidly a

he ime o he release. Errors during he comple ion o he sho may occur bu can be preven ed when he back

muscles are able o con inue heir opera ion during herelease and ollow hrough. Tis will also help he archer

o per orm a good sho whils in a s ress si ua ion.

10.4 Maintaining an accurate balance An archer should es ablish and main ain an accura e bal-ance during he ime o he release and comple ion o hesho . I his balance is no main ained i is likely ha hepushing arm will shake or he drawing hand becomes un-s eady and he sho being per ormed will no be ully e -

cien .

. BreathingBreathing Te bes me hod o brea hing when shoo ing a bow is hearchers own na ural patern. However, i is he iming o brea hing in and o brea hing ou ha has o be con rol-led. I is recommended o develop a brea hing sequence

o be applied in parallel o he echnical (movemen ) se-quence and he visual sequence.

11.1 Set Tis is he ime when he archer is going hrough heirprepara ion rou ine or drawing he bow. During his

ime he archer is brea hing na urally and in heir nor-mally way. However, during his ime o he sho hearcher may become ense, heir pulse ra e increases and

heir brea hing becomes irregular. A his ime he arch-er should endeavour o main ain heir regular brea hingpatern.

11.2 SetupTe archer should brea he in during he ime o se up busligh ly di eren ly rom heir normal way o brea hing. I




a his ime he archer brea hes leting heir ches expand when hey brea he in, he ches expansion causes he up-per body o incline backward. Tere ore, he brea hingshould be con rolled by he abdomen–brea hing a ap-proxima ely o % capaci y; his will leave he upper

body s able and una ec ed by he brea hing ac ion. 11.3 Drawing A he ime o se up he s ring would have been drawn oapproxima ely o % o he ull ravel, ( his poin can be di eren or each individual archer and depends on

heir own shoo ing echnique). A his poin he archer brea hes ou slowly while drawing he s ring he res o

he way o he anchor poin (draw re erence poin ). By he ime he archer’s drawing hand reaches he anchor

poin hey should s ill have o % o air lef in helungs.

11.4 Anchor Te ac ion o brea hing is suspended while he archer is in

he anchoring posi ion. Tis suspended s a e should con-inue un il he sho is comple ed al hough he respira ory rac should remain open. Afer he sho has been com-

ple ed he archer should re urn o heir normal brea hingpatern.

. Shooting in the wind12.1 Te phenomenon that takes place when shooting in windy conditions.12.1.1 Te changing loca ion o he arrows landing in

he arge . As he wind in ensi y and pressure uc ua es he arrow

igh and loca ion i s rikes he arge will be di erenrom a sho per ormed under calm condi ions. Even

hough he arrow pushed by he wind may hi he sameloca ion, he loca ion he archer aimed he sho and heposi ion o heir body will possibly be di eren romsho o sho . Even i he archer shoo s each arrow wi h

he same in ensi y and power he aiming posi ion will di -er rom sho o sho . However, in windy condi ions, i is

impossible o calcula e ma hema ically where he aimingpoin should be o have he arrow s rike he cen re o he

arge . Because he condi ions, including he eld o play, will be di eren or each even he archer should selec

he posi ion or heir aiming poin by comprehensively analysing he si ua ion as each condi ion presen s i sel .

12.1.2 Te changes in he igh o an arrow.During windy condi ions he igh o he arrow is di er-en o he igh o he arrow in calm condi ions, and hesedi erences need considering. Especially be ore he con-

es begins, his is when archers become very sensi ive o

he condi ions and possibly become doub ul abou heirown abili y and uneasy psychologically. Archers shouldabandon he hough ha only heir arrows are a ec ed by he wind, everybody’s arrows are a ec ed by he wind.During windy condi ions he arrow’s direc ion and ighcanno be ully predic ed, and so he archer mus gener-a e he con dence ha hey can shoo good sho s in he wind. Te direc ion and balance o correc shoo ing,including he ollow- hrough e c. will help guide he ar-row o hi he desired loca ion. Tere are imes when anarcher makes a mis ake and he arrow, being pushed by

he wind, ac ually hi s he cen re o he arge . Tere ore,i is impor an no o be a raid o he wind bu accep iand prepare or i .

12.1.3 Te e ec he wind has on clo hing.During windy condi ions clo hing can uter, par icularly

he sleeves; i his is excessive he sleeve may move in ohe pa h o he s ring causing i , and he arrow, o devia erom i s rue pa h. When he windy condi ions are exces-

sive he clo hing movemen can be ex reme and can emiutering sounds, and may cause he archer’s body o

even shiver or remble, so he archer should be cau iousabou he choice o clo hing and selec he righ clo hes

or he righ condi ions, as is done when i is sunny, warmor raining.

12.1.4 Making a change o he cen re o he body. When he wind condi ion is ex reme, a change occurs

o he cen re o gravi y. Tis occurs because he body re-sis s by leaning oward he wind no mater which way iis coming rom. Tere are occasions when, he power ordirec ion o he wind may no be cons an , and he cen reline o he body shakes or con inues o move in accord-ance wi h he direc ion and power o he wind. As hiscauses various problems including sigh ing or holding,

he archer could lower he cen re o he body ( he lowerabdomen). Tough, he archer should be care ul whendoing his or he upper body (ches ) may oa upward a

he ime o se up when preparing he s ance.




12.1.5. Te direc ion o he bow arm. When he condi ions are calm or he wind is no blowing,

he arm pushing he bow and he cen re o he grip alwayscorresponds o he cen re o he arge . However, during windy condi ions, he devia ion o moving he bow arm

is no cons an and is dependan on he in ensi y anddirec ion o he wind, along wi h, he archer’s abili y omain ain heir orm during hese condi ions. A his ime

he loca ion o he sigh on he arge could be oa ingaround he red/gold area when he arrow ac iva es heclicker, and he release is made when his movemen is

aking place. Tis could cause he archer o make a mis-ake which would in uence where he arrow lands in hearge because he arm pushing he bow will resis in he

opposi e direc ion o he wind. Te power o movemengradually changes in accordance wi h he power and di-rec ion o he wind causing a collapse in he balance o holding. Te archer is in uenced by his change o powerand ends o modi y heir rhy hm and balance o com-pensa e or he dis urbance and a poor sho is ofen pro-duced. Te archer being adsorbed in concen ra ing on

he arrow hiting he cen re o he arge , ofen ends up by hrowing he bow arm in an endeavour o orce he arrow

back on line.

12.1.6 Te change in holding ime. As he me hod o con es changes, and he ime he arch-er has o shoo heir arrows reduces, he whole ime o hesho is reduced. Tis in urn reduces he ime he archerhas or each elemen o seting up he sho , consequen ly

he ex ending ime can be signi can ly reduced. In windy condi ions he ex ending ime na urally increases whichcrea es problems as i becomes di cul or he archer oexercise he release in heir normal and con den man-

ner. Wha is mos impor an is ha he archer produces ashor and con den ex ending ime afer ully mas ering

he abili y o producing a s able pla orm.

Remark 2

Seconds

3

Seconds

4

Seconds

5

Seconds

6

Seconds

7

Seconds

Be ore

correction Uneasy S able S able A litleuneasy

Uneasy Qui euneasy

Urgenholding

Afer

correction Uneasy S able S able S able S able A litleuneasy

Uneasy

12.1.7 Te change o ex ending ime. When he clicker is ac iva ed in accordance wi h hearcher’s na ural or avouri e ime heir own lef and righ balance is accura ely accomplished. However, in windy

condi ions he bow arm and body shake, and he hold-ing ime, becomes ex ended and a change in he balanceo ex ending occurs. Tis akes place because he archerac iva es he clicker di eren ly rom heir normal ime inorder o produce a as release. Because o his occurrence

he equilibrium o he balance becomes uneven, he dis-ance o ex ending is reduced and he power o balancecollapses. Tere ore, he bes way o mas er shoo ing in

he wind, even i he ex ending ime has increased, is orhe archer o con inue o make sure he original balance

is main ained.

12.1.8 Te decrease o physical power. When he archer ries o resis he wind, he holding

ime becomes longer han he archer’s na ural ime, andhe degree o a igue o he prime muscles increases.

When his occurs he physical power is reduced and hearcher eels ired. Tis iredness will have a direc bear-ing on he archer’s concen ra ion which will be signi -can ly reduced.

12.1.9 Es ima ing he dis ance o “aiming o ” or hepower o he curren wind.

During windy condi ions he archer becomes apprehen-sive abou where hey should aim o ge he arrow o landin he cen re o he arge . I is di cul or an archer o remember all he peculiari ies abou he wind along wi h hedirec ion and in ensi y. So hey es ima e a posi ion where

hey should aim heir sigh by judging he si ua ion o he wind and condi ions or each con es . An archer also develops a “ eeling” abou he condi ions a a con es andcomes o rely on each new “ eeling” as hey arise. Tereare imes when an archer ac ually hi s he poin where

hey placed heir sigh even when he wind is blowing

qui e s rongly, and conversely, some imes he release may be conduc ed when he sigh is ur her ou rom he poin where he archer wished o release he arrow, and s ill hearrow lands in he cen re o he arge . Because o heseproblems here are many occasions where an archer loses

heir judging abili y and compe es in he con es wi houhaving any con dence. Te wises way or an archer ocul iva e he habi o making an accura e judgemen , o how ar o aim he sigh o he cen re o he arge , is b believing in heir judgemen and abili y during he con-

es and o produce s rong and power ul sho s.




12.1.10 When he wind is gus ing or suddenly be-gins o blow.

Tere are archers ha do no like shoo ing in he windand become uneasy because o i . Te wind can induce anarcher o make mis akes which in urn reduces heir over-

all per ormance. I is possible ha hese archers will losecon dence during a con es and ail because o he wind.However, he wind also causes o her archers, in he con-

es , o make errors; i is he archer ha makes he leas er-rors ha wins he con es . Jus believe he wind is he god-dess o or une or you. You will nd ha i you develop

he hough ha he wind will be avourable o you, and i you do no le he wind worry you during normal prac ice

ime and prac ice in he wind, he uneasiness o shoo ingin he wind during a con es will soon be overcome.

12.1.11 When change o eam ac ics during a eamround con es .

When he wind blows during a eam round he archersmus orge wha each o he o her members in heir

eam has o do and no become worried as o whe herone o hem will make an error due o he wind. Tearchers should no give each o her any advice abou how

ar o aim o rom he cen re o he arge as all archersand equipmen per orm a di eren e ciencies, i advice is given his could become coun er produc ive andcause unnecessary errors. An archer’s observa ion o he

igh o an arrow and making a judgemen abou how ar hey should “aim o ” rom he cen re o he arge

can be a grea help in execu ing a good sho , bu i mus be heir own decision wi hou any o her archer’s inpu .I an archer gives advice bu makes an error hemselves,

he archer ollowing hem will become unclear o whereo aim and will possibly make a similar mis ake. In a

eam con es he bes me hod o leading a eam o suc-cess, is or each individual archer o exercise he maxi-mum concen ra ion on heir own per ormance. Duringa eam round he eam coach mus also be aware ha i

hey give a piece o advice, o where o aim, direc ly oan archer his could pu doub in heir mind. Tis couldin er ere wi h he archer’s concen ra ion and produce areduced per ormance.

Also, when he wind is blowing he archers in he eamshould pay aten ion o he order o shoo ing. I is goodprac ice o decide he order o shoo ing which will bemos e ec ive; his order may be di eren when i is windy

o ha when he wea her is calm. Tis di ering shoo ingorder should ake in o considera ion all he rai s o he

hree archers. I is essen ial o consider all aspec s includ-ing: he psychological well being, he ex ending ime and

he abili y o adap o he wind e c. o each archer.

12.2 Measuring the archer’s ability to adapt to con-

trolled aiming in the wind.Te coach mus know he archer’s abili y, me hod andhabi o adap o “aiming o ” rom he cen re o he argein windy condi ions be ore in roducing his procedure.

12.2.1 Abili y and consis ency o he poin o “aim-ing o ” rom he cen re o he arge during windy condi ions.

In conduc ing he “aiming o ” sigh ing procedure here will be imes when he archer will be uneasy or even un-cer ain, and will make many errors. I an archer makes asigh change in advance o considering all he elemen s

he arrow will no land in he cen re o he arge . Now,i he archer uses his in orma ion and “aims o ” in heopposi e direc ion by a similar dis ance ha he arrow landed rom he cen re o he arge , i is likely ha hnex arrow will now land in he cen re o he arge . I harcher calcula es he measuremen by changing he direc-

ion o he sho i.e. “aiming o ”, he coach can iden i y hearcher’s problems and can implemen a raining rou ine

o remedy he si ua ion.

12.2.2 Considera ions regarding how much o “aimo ” rom he cen re o he arge .

o wha ex en do you “aim o ”?.Should you “aim o ” or hese condi ions? I no ,. why no ? Wha direc ion and aiming poin would give mos.con dence o hi he cen re?

Wha is he direc ion o he wind ha you dislike.mos ? Wha is he direc ion o he wind a he ime o “aim-.ing o ”? Wha is he direc ion o shoo ing a he ime o he.release? Wha is he archer’s general pic ure whils observing.

he wind a he ime o “aiming o ”?How much is he devia ion o dis ance be ween he.place he arrow landed in he arge and he posi ion

he archer expec ed he arrow o hi by “aiming o ”?Considering he above si ua ions, he archer may de-. velop a psychological problem when con ron ed wi ha ricky wind condi ion during compe i ion ime.




12.2.3 Measuring he judgemen al abili y regardinghe direc ion o he wind.

During windy condi ions, he archer discusses wi h hecoach he s reng h o he wind and where hey should aimand release o ge heir arrow o hi he cen re o he ar-

ge . I he in ensi y and direc ion o he wind is calcula ed by means o he above me hod, o a cer ain degree, hecoach can iden i y how much devia ion and judgemen alabili y he archer has and develop his area during heirnormal raining period.

12.2.4 Observing he archer’s ex ending ime.I an archer akes no e o he direc ion o holding power, balance and he change o s ance e c. when he holding

ime is leng hened as a resul o he wind, hey can coun-er many problems. Wi h his knowledge an archer can

prepare or windy condi ions hrough adap a ions o heirraining rou ine. When an archer shoo s quickly because

o windy condi ions i is likely ha hey will in roducemany errors, his in urn will a ec heir men al prepara-

ion psychologically and make hem uneasy. Tere orehe coach should an icipa e and iden i y his condi ion

advance, and supplemen he archer’s raining rou ine by incorpora ing and prac icing he necessary skills.

12.2.5 Evalua ing he psychology o he archer. A coach needs o know, in de ail, he psychological s a ean archer when hey shoo normally, and any psychologi-cal change when hey “aim o ” during windy condi ions.Tis can be done by consul a ion or by ques ionnaires.Some archers may nd i di cul o speak abou his con-di ion or heir me hod o dealing wi h i because o heirpride. However, i is impera ive ha he coach discoversevery hing abou heir archer’s me hod o “aiming o ”

and he e ec his has on hem psychologically as his will become a grea help in preparing or he nex con es .

12.3 Methods o training in preparation to shooting in the wind. Archery compe i ion has gone hrough he double FI A Round and he Grand FI A Round e c. and many chang-es have aken place and curren ly he Olympic Round o modern imes is he avouri e. During he pas doubleFI A Round, here was ime or archers o observe he wind and adap o i . However, in he presen OlympicRound eam even , he archer shoo s only arrows andin he case o an individual con es he archer shoo s arrows, and he wind or rain becomes a decisive ac or or

vic ory or de ea . Tere ore, in ex reme wea her condi-ions mos archers become worried abou heir per orm-

ance during such a compe i ion. Archers should changehis concep o hough ; his is because no mater how

s rong he wind blows he condi ions are he same or

all compe i ors. Mos archers who worry abou he windusually ail in ac ual compe i ion. I hey had rained su -cien ly in preparing or he wind hey would be able o

adap o all changing condi ions. Only adap ing he arch-er’s raining rou ine, or shoo ing in he wind, ou side o compe i ion will make he archer con den o shoo ing in

he wind during a compe i ion. An archer who ails dur-ing windy condi ions should discuss his wi h heir coachand oge her discover he cause or he ailure and nd aremedy or he problem. As he wind is na ural and noar i cially made i is di cul o an icipa e he direc ion,power or angle o he wind in advance. Consequen ly only a horough and composi e raining programme, in-corpora ing hese elemen s, will ensure he archer is ully prepared or all wea her si ua ions when hey are encoun-

ered during compe i ion.

12.3.1 raining or physical power.12.3.1a An exercise of repeatedly drawing the bow for a

given set.During windy condi ions he ex ending ime can belonger han when shoo ing in calm wea her condi ions.Due o his, he main muscles ha are used o draw he bow become ired qui e rapidly and he balance and ex-

ending power e c. collapses and mis akes begin o bein roduced. Tere ore, a raining rou ine or drawing he bow, including he ex ending ime, should be conduc ed by sligh ly leng hening he ime he bow is drawn o ha when shoo ing in normal condi ions. An exercise rou ine

is ou lined below:

Drawing Recess Drawing Recess Drawing Recess Drawing Recess

7

Seconds

2

Seconds

7

Seconds

2

Seconds

7

Seconds

2

Seconds

7

Seconds

2

Seconds

Te archer draws or seconds, hen re urns o hes a e o se -up and repea s he process con inuously. I

he archer can prac ice his or o imes heir physi-cal power is su cien , his will become one se . For hisexercise o be e ec ive i will be necessary or his rou ing

o be prac iced o se s a week.




12.3.1b Te drawing of a bow and holding at full draw in excess of the time for a normal shot.

Te archer draws he bow, as ar as hey can, using heirnormal and proper s ance, hen holds a ull draw or aslong as he s ance s ays correc . Te archer will do his

hree imes or one se , and prac ice his rou ing or o se s imes per week. During hese sessions he archershould main ain drawing he bow ur her han heir nor-mal arrow leng h bu main aining he balance o ex end-ing and he direc ion o power, hese raining sessionsshould be recorded on heir normal raining record card.

12.3.2 raining or he abili y o aim a various poin saround he arge ace.

Since i is di cul o predic he direc ion and in ensi y o he wind, he archer should cul iva e he abili y o aim

heir sigh a all poin s around he arge ace wi h con-dence. Also he archer can move heir sigh in, or ou ,wo, hree or our urns, hen “aim o ” so ha he arrow

hi s he cen re o he arge . In his way he archer receivesraining by sigh ing in many direc ions and hey do noeel uneasy when he sigh pin is no on he cen re o hearge ace, his also rains he archer o keep an accura e

direc ion o power. Even when i is no windy, sigh ingand aiming a di eren loca ions around he arge acecan be conduc ed.

12.3.3 Developing a sense o uni y and direc ion o ex ending when “aiming o ”.

A he ime when sigh aiming a various poin s aroundhe arge is being conduc ed, and even i he archers

“group patern” is in he cen re o he arge , he direc iono ex ending should be in a direc line o he loca ion o

he “aimed o ” posi ion on he arge ace. Tere should

be a sense o uni y be ween he direc ion o ex endingand his aiming poin .

12.3.4 Te rela ionship be ween “aiming o ” and heollow hrough.

When he wind is blowing i is impera ive ha he archermain ains he power line when ex ending. I he powerline is no main ained: he bow arm shakes and he senseo direc ion o power can be los . Consequen ly, he bow arm will collapse a he ime o he release and he arch-er ends o lose con rol o he bow arm. Tis undesiredmovemen can ruin he archers con es and he rhy hm o compe i ion is des royed. Te movemen o he bow arm when he wind blows can be very lively. Archers should

main ain an accura e and con inual sense o direc ionduring he sessions o normal raining.

12.3.5 Te adap a ion o changing he ex endingime.

In general, mos archers end wai while he wind is blow-ing and when here is a lull in he wind shoo quickly. Tisis he mos ideal me hod and well known by mos archers.Bu he reason why i is impor an o adap o he wind,and prac ice or his si ua ion, is ha he archer should beprepared or he wors condi ions a all imes. I an archerhas only seconds lef on he clock and hey s ill haveone arrow o shoo , here will be only one chance o seup correc ly and shoo i , here is no ime or a secondchance. Even i here is no wind he archer should prac-

ice so ha he balance and direc ion o ex ending canno be des royed even i hey in en ionally leng hen heir ex-

ending ime. And conversely, he archer may well prac-ice reducing he ex ending ime during prac ice. Dur-

ing a eam even , i archer number or number delaysheir shoo ing his reduces he ime he archers ollowing

have o shoo heir hree arrows, and need o shoo qui equickly, which maybe ou side heir normal shoo ing pa -

ern. o prepare or his likelihood archers should con-duc several raining sessions o variable iming condi-

ions in prepara ion or such occasions.

12.3.6 Main aining he balance o ex ending.During windy condi ions he balance o ex ending var-ies qui e a lo compared wi h shoo ing on calm days. Tereason or his is he movemen o he body caused by he wind leng hens he ime o ex ending which in urn causes

he archer o s ruggle o hold he sigh on he given aim-ing poin . During his ime archers should no conduc

he ex ending by ar i cial orce i.e. using muscles hashould no be used o conduc he ex ending (biceps), or by curling he ngers o he s ring hand o ge he clicker

o ac iva e. Even i he ime o ex ending leng hens, archers should produce a mas ery o he holding balance so

ha a good sho is produced, i he holding balance is nomain ained he sho can be ruined.

I an archer eels or observes a change in he rela ion-ship o he heigh o he bow shoulder and ha o he ar-row, along wi h any movemen rom he presen posi iono he ches , hey should seek help rom heir coach oremedy he si ua ion be ore any unwan ed problems develop.




12.3.7 Cul iva ing he abili y o judge he wind char-ac eris ics.

When he wind is blowing during prac ice ime, i is a com-mon prac ice or archers o aim a he cen re o he argeand hen move heir sigh o compensa e or he devia ion

caused by he wind. Tis is no a good prac ice; a his imei would be beter or he archer o “aim o ” while shoo -ing o ge he arrow o hi he cen re o he arge . Duringa compe i ion here is no ime o prac ice sigh aiming ao her poin s around he arge , he archer’s judgemen mus be accura e be ore shoo ing he arrow and he archer mushave con dence he arrow will y o he cen re o he arge .During normal prac ice imes, he archer should be madeaware o he impor ance o cul iva e he abili y o judge how much o “aim o ” or di ering wind s reng hs and condi-

ions, and hey should s rive o cul iva e his abili y.

12.3.8 Te observa ion and in orma ion ga heringabou wind condi ions o a spor s ground be-

ore aking par in a compe i ion.Many archers and coaches are in eres ed o gain in orma-

ion abou he wind direc ion and in ensi y in he spor sground where heir nex compe i ion is o be held. A goodindica ion, when a he compe i ion ground, is o see any wea her vanes or ags ha may be utering in he vicin-i y, and o calcula e heir movemen in ensi y and direc-

ion. Ano her indica ion o how he wea her is a ec ingarrow igh is o wa ch o her archers’ arrow igh during

he prac ice ime. A good coach will collec a lo o in or-ma ion rom many people abou he si e be ore he com-pe i ion begins. Tere are many di erences, dependingupon he season and/or layou o he spor s ground. Forsome pres ige compe i ions, such as he Olympic Games,ex ra s ands or s ruc ures are assembled. You may know

he ground, or even have compe ed here be ore, bu hesenew s ruc ures will have an e ec on wind condi ionsshould i blow during he even . Some imes he direc iono he wind changes; his will be mos no iceable duringa seasonal change. Wi h regard o a major compe i ion,such as he Olympics, he coach should observe he windand wea her charac eris ics abou one mon h be ore hecompe i ion and choose a similar si e on which o prac-

ice. During his prac ice ime i is necessary o layou heeld in a direc ion so ha he wind direc ion will be simi-

lar o he wind direc ion o he or hcoming major com-pe i ion. Also during his prac ice, I is also necessary ochange he direc ion o shoo ing occasionally so ha hearcher will be prepared should he wind change direc ion

during he compe i ion. Te reason or his is ha on oc-casions he wind may change direc ion qui e suddenly. Iis wise o observe all i ems ha can measure, or indica e, wind direc ion or condi ions and choose which gives hemos reliable in orma ion and re er o i .

12.3.9 Wha o prac ice during open prac ice ime.De ermine he loca ion o “aiming o ” rom he cen re o

he arge classi ed by dis ance.Measuring he in ensi y and direc ion o he wind.classi ed by ime.Observe he arrow igh o o her archers and consider.any anomalies.Check he opera ion o any wea her vane or ags in.

he vicini y. Wa ch o her archers o see i hey shake or shiver as a.resul o he wind.Consul wi h ellow eam members and coach abou.

he in ensi y o he wind.Make comparisons be ween he wea her condi ions.a he auxiliary prac ice ground and spor s compe i-

ion ground.Make an observa ion o he wind condi ions o he.compe i ion eld ha will be used or he nals, he-ses arge s could be placed in he cen re, or o he side,o he eld.

Te archer should observe and reac o he wind ra herhan concen ra ing on arrow igh a he ime o open

prac ice.

12.3.10 Re erence o o her archers’ arrow igh a acompe i ion.

When he wind is blowing i is good prac ice o re er o

o her archers’ arrow igh . Tis can be very use ul espe-cially when he wea her vane changes direc ion or he

utering o he ags changes in ensi y. I can also be very use ul during a eam even , he archer who shoo s rsshould decide, afer considering his in orma ion, how aro cen re hey should aim so ha he arrow lands in hecen re o he arge . Te o her eam members hen wa ch-ing his arrow igh and seeing where i landed in he

arge can make calcula ions o bene hemselves whenhey shoo . I an archer s ands on he shoo ing line henries o calcula e where o aim, heir mind will in roduce

many con ic s and heir judgemen abili y becomes un-clear. Bu conversely, i he archer has already calcula ed where hey should aim be ore hey come o he shoo ing




line and he wind changes in in ensi y or direc ion, i willno be oo di cul o calcula e a new aiming loca ion.

12.3.11 Advice rom a ellow archer or he eamcoach during prac ice imes.

During normal prac ice imes or eam compe i ion,archers should no give advice o each o her abou whereo aim, even he coach should no give his advice. Tis

is because each archer’s equipmen and power o sho will be di eren and here ore aiming poin s will di er.However, o her archers or eam members can pass on valuable in orma ion i.e. he ac ual igh o heir arrows.I an archer wa ches he arrow igh o heir colleagues,calcula ions can be made o assis heir decision on where

hey, hemselves, should aim.Tis will be bene cial when aking par in eam even s

during compe i ions. Tis prac ice will develop a senseo uni y in aiming even hough he hough s are di er-en , and i will reduce he con ic o judgemen and herhy hm o compe i ion will no be des royed.

12.3.12 Imagery raining. When he wind is blowing an arrow does no y in as raigh line o he arge , so an archer becomes consider-ably uneasy psychologically. Tere ore i is good o prac-

ice imagery raining by pic uring in ones mind he view o an arrow as i ies hrough he wind bu s ill hi s hecen re o he arge .

12.3.13 Adap a ion o a momen ary change in hedirec ion o he wind.

I he archery raining eld is large enough and i i is sa eo do so, a good raining aid is o have a arge a each end

o he eld. Te archer shoo s heir arrows a one arge

hen collec s hem; hey urn round and shoo heir ar-rows back down he range o he o her arge . Tis willhave he e ec o shoo ing in cons an ly changing winddirec ion and condi ions.

12.3.14 Choosing he righ clo hing or shoo ing inhe wind.

When choosing clo hing or shoo ing in he wind, i isimpor an ha no par o he clo hing, i.e. he collaror sleeves e c., hinders or a ec s he pa h o he s ring.Some imes he sound o he sleeves utering can havean adverse e ec on he archer’s concen ra ion and causedegrada ion in he quali y o he sho . Te archer should

ion ha has been horoughly es ed in windy condi ionsin advance o he compe i ion.

12.3.15 Selec ing and uning he equipmen .In windy condi ions i is possible he posi ion o sigh

aiming and he selec ion o accessories will have an e -ec on he uning o he equipmen . Te weigh o hearrow poin , he e ching ype and size, he orm o hearrow e c. are direc ly linked o good arrow igh and heou come o he archer’s per ormance. Also, he weigh o

he bow and he selec ion o he s abiliser sys em have adirec bearing when shoo ing in he wind and he archermay need o consider he choice selec ed or any par icu-lar occasion. Especially, considera ion should be given o

he compa ibili y and uning o he plunger buton, andhe direc ion o he wind, should be horoughly checkedo ensure an e cien and smoo h opera ion.

12.3.16 Prepara ion, s raigh ening ou , and prac iceprior o, and afer, a compe i ion during windy condi ions.

When he wind blows he archer’s aten ion o he s ance becomes dis rac ed. Tere ore he archer should prac iceand concen ra e on heir s ance shor ly be ore he compe-

i ion begins. Also, afer he compe i ion is over he archershould prac ice a a shor dis ance he ar o producing agood s ance. Tis is because hey should be prepared or

he nex compe i ion. Tere are many si ua ions where he body orge s a “sense” very easily and comes accus omed

o a new and some imes incorrec body posi ion. Tere aremany and various me hods o rec i ying his si ua ion andmay seem o be complica ed, bu archers should no hink o hem as being complica ed. Wi h good raining he arch-er can cons ruc a habi ual and reproducible ac ion ha is

quickly achievable i he ime lapse be ween producing heerrors and ormula ing he correc ion is no oo long.

During a compe i ion many ac ions are made sub-consciously. Many years ago we saw he case o an archer, Jin Ho Kim (curren ly a pro essor a he College o Ko-rean Physical Educa ion) where al hough she was “aim-ing o ” we could observe ha when he direc ion o he wind changed her body movemen and s a e o holdingchanged. Tis was possible because o her s ric rainingrou ine, in all wea her condi ions. Te mos impor anpoin is or he archer o prac ice in he wind, come orespec i and no o be a raid o i , and o crea e a sense oconvic ion ha he wind will always help you.

12 Recurve Technique

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