12 Jan. 2015Classification.ppt1 CLASSIFICATION. OBSERVATION: Many kinds of organisms: Some similar...

12 Jan. 2015 Classification.ppt 1

CLASSIFICATION

CLASSIFICATION• OBSERVATION:• Many kinds of

organisms:• Some similar to each

other. wood frog, leopard frog, bull frog



CLASSIFICATION

• Others less similar fish, frogs, snakes


CLASSIFICATION• Others very dissimilar

people, pine trees, protozoans


CLASSIFICATION

• Why are some kinds similar and others NOT similar?

• Question to be answered later?

• How can we make sense of (explain) this diversity?

• How can we organize what we know about these organisms?


Answer: CLASSIFY

• Similar “types” (species) grouped together, separated from other species.

• Then, group similar groups together,

• etc.


CLASSIFICATION• Species = specific kind of organism

fundamental unit in evolution and ecology more precise definition soon


CLASSIFICATION

• Necessary? YES !!~ 1 million species of plants,

5-10 million species of animals

+ fungi, protists, bacteria

no good estimates of numbers of species

• Human mind needs to organize information.


CLASSIFICATION

• Classification system organizes biological knowledge.

• Classification itself is HYPOTHESIS about relationships, similarity because of common ancestry.


HYPOTHESIS of relationship


CLASSIFICATION = Sequence of levels. Linnaean system, from Carolus Linnaeus, 1740's

Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

King Phil called old fat George stupid.


CLASSIFICATION = Linnaean system


CLASSIFICATIONWhittaker’s Five Kingdoms, 1965

• Kingdom Monera (Bacteria)

• Kingdom Protista• Kingdom Fungi• Kingdom Plantae• Kingdom Animalia


CLASSIFICATIONWoese, 1985

Prokaryotic organisms are far more diverse than thought previously.

• Domain Eubacteria (prokaryotic “true bacteria”)

• Domain Archaea (prokaryotic “archaeans”)

• Domain Eukarya (eukaryotic organisms)



• Prokaryotic organisms are far more diverse than thought previously.

• Domain Eubacteria (prokaryotic “true bacteria”)

Kingdom Gram-positive bacteriaKingdom Gram-negative bacteriaKingdom MycoplasmasKingdom RickettsiasKingdom purple-sulfur bacteria and more

• Domain Archaea (prokaryotic “archaeans”)





• Domain Eubacteria (prokaryotic “true bacteria”)• Domain Archaea (prokaryotic “archaeans”)

Kingdom ThermophilesKingdom HalophilesKingdom MethanogensKingdom ARMANS

• (“Archeal Richmond Mine Acidophilic Nanoorganism” Science vol 314, 22 Dec. 2006.)





• Domain Eubacteria (prokaryotic “true bacteria”)• Domain Archaea (prokaryotic “archaeans”)• Domain Eukarya (eukaryotic organisms)

Kingdom Protista (polyphyletic)Kingdom FungiKingdom PlantaeKingdom Animalia


CLASSIFICATION

Domain

Kingdom

Phylum

Class

Order

Family

Genus

Species

Did King Phil call old fat George stupid ?

12 Jan. 2015Classification.ppt1 CLASSIFICATION. OBSERVATION: Many kinds of organisms: Some similar...

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