Dynamic Performance of High-speed Railway Overhead Contact ...
1.2 HS railway principles - cvut.czvrt.fd.cvut.cz/data/konference/16p.pdf · 1 High Speed – I....
Transcript of 1.2 HS railway principles - cvut.czvrt.fd.cvut.cz/data/konference/16p.pdf · 1 High Speed – I....
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High Speed – I. Barrón – Professional Conference - Praha, 14 November 2007
High speed railway principles
Ignacio Barrón de Angoiti,Director High Speed, International Railway Association (UIC)
Professional Conference on High SpeedIn the World and in the Czech Republic
Praha, 14 November 2007
High Speed – I. Barrón – Professional Conference - Praha, 14 November 2007
Agenda
High Speed Rail principlesSome facts & figures about High SpeedImpact in trafficsHigh Speed and the environmentHigh Speed Rail is safetyThe costs of the high speedConcluding remarks
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High Speed – I. Barrón – Professional Conference - Praha, 14 November 2007
High Speed Rail principles
High Speed – I. Barrón – Professional Conference - Praha, 14 November 2007
High Speed Rail: Definitions and requirements
• “High Speed” signifies at least 250 km/h
• Operating at more than 200 km/h requires:- special trains (train sets)- special dedicated lines- in cab signalling
• Upgraded existing lines and “classic” trains(locomotive + cars) enable to operate up toabout 200 km/h
• We can also say “High Performances”
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High Speed – I. Barrón – Professional Conference - Praha, 14 November 2007
Understanding High Speed Rail
A High Speed Railway is a (very complex) system, comprised by state of the art:
- Infrastructure - Station emplacement- Rolling Stock - Operation rules- Signalling systems - Marketing- Maintenance systems - Financing- Management - …
High Speed – I. Barrón – Professional Conference - Praha, 14 November 2007
HS performances for customers
- Commercial speed - Total time of travel- Frequency - Reliability- Accessibility - Price- Comfort - Safety- “Freedom” - …
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High Speed – I. Barrón – Professional Conference - Praha, 14 November 2007
Time travel (hrs) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Paris - Amsterdam
Paris - Brussels
Paris - Marseille
Paris - Stuttgart
Köln - Frankfurt
Madrid - Seville
Madrid - Barcelone
Rome - Milano
Rome - Naples
█ Before HS █ After HS
Some examples of evolution of time travel
High Speed – I. Barrón – Professional Conference - Praha, 14 November 2007
• Offers high capacity of transport - Up to 300,000 passengers per day- Reduce traffic congestion
• Helps economic development• High Speed Rail promotes logical territory
structure and helps contain urban sprawl• Respects the environment:
- Efficient use of land (1/3 motorway)- Energy efficiency (x 9 planes / x 4 cars)
HS advantages for Society
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High Speed – I. Barrón – Professional Conference - Praha, 14 November 2007
HS increases capacity
• Introduces more capacity in the transport system:- New HS line capacity +- Released capacity in classic lines
• But the capacity of new HS lines is very variable
High Speed – I. Barrón – Professional Conference - Praha, 14 November 2007
• Many different commercial concepts of HS(including services to customers, marketing, etc.)
• Many different types of operation(maximum speed, stops, etc.)
• Different ways to operate classic trains(in particular impact on freight traffic)
Different concept of HS
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High Speed – I. Barrón – Professional Conference - Praha, 14 November 2007
Density of population
Concepts:«Corridor»
&«Tunnel»
High Speed – I. Barrón – Professional Conference - Praha, 14 November 2007
Some facts & figures about High Speed
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High Speed – I. Barrón – Professional Conference - Praha, 14 November 2007
Some figures about High Speed
World network (V > 250 km/h) = 9.430 kmAlmost 1.300 high speed trains set in operationWorld speed record (in 2007): 574,8 km/hJapan: In 42 years = 4 Billion passengers
Up to 360.000 pass./day in Tokyo-OsakaNo fatalities during all this time at V > 200 km/h
France: In Nov. 2006, passenger 1,3 Billion in TGVEurope: Average annual growing traffic 10 % (pass.-km)Korea: More than 100.000 passengers per day
(50 % rail traffic)
High Speed – I. Barrón – Professional Conference - Praha, 14 November 2007
Evolution of maximum speed on rails
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
1955
1958
1961
1964
1967
1970
1973
1976
1979
1982
1985
1988
1991
1994
1997
2000
2003
2006
Maximum speed in tests
Maximum speed in operation
Km/h
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High Speed – I. Barrón – Professional Conference - Praha, 14 November 2007
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000
1981
1984
1987
1990
1993
1996
1999
2002
2005
2008
2011
2014
2017
2020
2023
Average: 187 km / year
Average: 554 km / year
Km of High Speed Lines - Expectations in Europe
High Speed – I. Barrón – Professional Conference - Praha, 14 November 2007
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
1964
1968
1972
1976
1980
1984
1988
1992
1996
2000
2004
2008
2012
2016
2020
2024
Evolution of total World high speed networkkm
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High Speed – I. Barrón – Professional Conference - Praha, 14 November 2007
Evolution of World high speed network
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
1964
1968
1972
1976
1980
1984
1988
1992
1996
2000
2004
2008
2012
2016
2020
2024
T otal
Europe
Asia
km
High Speed – I. Barrón – Professional Conference - Praha, 14 November 2007
High Speed Rolling Stock - Situation in the World
In June 2007, at the World level,1.290 HS train sets in operation (V > 250 km/h):• Europe: 800 (1.355 HS train sets if V>200 km/h)
• Japan: 330• Korea: 50• China: 60 • China Taiwan: 30• USA: 20
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High Speed – I. Barrón – Professional Conference - Praha, 14 November 2007
Forecasting evolution World high speed train sets
0
1 000
2 000
3 000
4 000
5 000
6 000
2 007 2 025
High Speed – I. Barrón – Professional Conference - Praha, 14 November 2007
High Speed impact on traffics
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High Speed – I. Barrón – Professional Conference - Praha, 14 November 2007
Effects in modal split
Before Thalys After Thalys
24
50
61
43
78
25
CoachPlaneCarTrain
All modesParis - Brussels (320 km / 1h25min.)
High Speed – I. Barrón – Professional Conference - Praha, 14 November 2007
Before AVE After AVE
33
84
67
16
Plane
Train
Train / planeMadrid - Seville (471 km / 2h15 min.)
Effects in modal split
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High Speed – I. Barrón – Professional Conference - Praha, 14 November 2007
FSC22%
LCC7%
Eurostar71%
Efect of “Low Cost” air companies
París – London (2h 40min.)
High Speed – I. Barrón – Professional Conference - Praha, 14 November 2007
0
25
50
75
100
1 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5
Rai
l mar
ket s
hare
(%)
Par
is -
Bru
ssel
s 31
0 km
Rome - Milan 560 km
Mad
rid -
Sev
ille
471
km
Par
is -
Lyon
s 43
0 km
Paris - Amsterdam 540 km
Rom
e - B
olog
na 3
58 k
m
Tokyo - Osaka 515 km
Stockholm - Gotenburg 455 km
Rail travel time (hours)
Paris - London 494 km
Curve of the rail / air modal split(distances between 300 and 600 km)
% HS
% Plane
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High Speed – I. Barrón – Professional Conference - Praha, 14 November 2007
High Speed Traffic - Evolution in Europe
24,8
8,9
27,2
9,3
30,6
3,6
10,2
32,2
4,4
11,6
34,7
5,1
13,9
37,4
6,8
15,5
2,22,4
39,9
7,1
15,3
2,42,5
39,6
7,4
17,5
2,42,5
41,5
7,9
19,6
2,42,7
42,7
8,6
20,9
2,32,3
44,0
8,9
21,6
2,53,7
0,0
10,0
20,0
30,0
40,0
50,0
60,0
70,0
80,0
90,0
Billi
ons
PK
m
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
CP 0,5
CD 0,1
SBB 0,3
NSB 0,1
NS 0,7
VR 0,3
SNCB 1,0
RENFE
SJ
DB
FS
SNCF
Total EuropeEvolution %
42,313%
37,414%
48,615%
52,78%
59,413%
71,13%
68,74%
75,97%
79,74%
65,911%
846%
High Speed – I. Barrón – Professional Conference - Praha, 14 November 2007
High Speed and the environment
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High Speed – I. Barrón – Professional Conference - Praha, 14 November 2007
Some ratios on land occupancy in Germany:• High speed line Hanover - Würzburg 3,0 ha/km• High speed line Mannheim - Stuttgart 4,0 ha/km• Average 3,2 ha/km• Average motorways 9,3 ha/km
Parallel layout with a motorway:• Paris - Lyon 60 km• Paris - Lille 135 km• Cologne – Frankfurt 140 km
Land occupancy
High Speed – I. Barrón – Professional Conference - Praha, 14 November 2007
HS Line Paris – Lille (TGV Nord)
Parallel layouts
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High Speed – I. Barrón – Professional Conference - Praha, 14 November 2007
HS Line Cologne - Frankfurt
Parallel layouts
High Speed – I. Barrón – Professional Conference - Praha, 14 November 2007
HS Railway MotorwayDouble track 2 x 3 lanes
25 m 75 m12 trains per hour & direction 4.500 cars per hour & direction
666 passengers / train 1,7 passengers / carCapacity = 8.000 passengers / hour Capacity = 7.650 passengers / hour
Comparisons in land occupancy
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High Speed – I. Barrón – Professional Conference - Praha, 14 November 2007
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180 170
106
90
52,5
HST Fasttrain
Commutertrain
Regionalrain
54,1
39
20
Bus P. car Plane
Pkm/KepSource: SNCF, ADEME, 1997
1 kwh = 0,086 Kep
Energy Efficiency - Passenger
High Speed – I. Barrón – Professional Conference - Praha, 14 November 2007
Primary Energy and CO2 Emission
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2,5
14
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HS Trains Private cars Plane
Primary energy in litres ofpetrol per 100 passengers-km
Amount of carbon dioxidemissions per 100passengers-km
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High Speed – I. Barrón – Professional Conference - Praha, 14 November 2007
In a medium distance corridor (400 - 500 km)10 flight per day represents the emission of6.700 t. of CO2 per year to the atmosphere
CO2 emissions
High Speed – I. Barrón – Professional Conference - Praha, 14 November 2007
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20
38
87
0
25
50
75
100
Private car Bus Rail AirSource: INFRAS/IWW 3/2000
Upstream process
Urban effects
Landscape
Climate change
Air pollution
Noise
Accidents
Without congestion Passenger Traffic 1995
Average External Costs
Euro / 1000 Pkm
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High Speed – I. Barrón – Professional Conference - Praha, 14 November 2007
High Speed Rail is safety
High Speed – I. Barrón – Professional Conference - Praha, 14 November 2007
Passengers killed per 1 billion Passenger-kilometres
1,541,63
1,87
2,33
1,50 1,43
1,09
1,29
1,11
1,00
0,83
0,650,69
0,98
1,241,18
1,39
1,10
0,79
0,65
0,92
0,56
0,47
0,40
0,38
0,36
0,42
0,22
0,38
0,30
0,70
0,51
1,99
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
High Speed Rail
Classic railways
Evolution of Railway Safety in EU
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High Speed – I. Barrón – Professional Conference - Praha, 14 November 2007
High Speed – I. Barrón – Professional Conference - Praha, 14 November 2007
The costs of High Speed
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High Speed – I. Barrón – Professional Conference - Praha, 14 November 2007
• High Speed requires significant investment, including public funding
• Consequently, need detailed studies on traffic forecasting, costs and benefits• Examine all impacts, positive and negative(including calculating costs of not doing it)
Funding/Calculating Costs
High Speed – I. Barrón – Professional Conference - Praha, 14 November 2007
Minimum costs in Europe
Construction of 1 km of new HSL: 12 M €Maintenance of 1 km of new HSL: 70.000 € / year
Cost of an HS train (350 places): 20 M €Maintenance of a HS train: 1 M € / year(2 € / km - 500 000 km / train & year)
Magnitude Costs of HS systems
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High Speed – I. Barrón – Professional Conference - Praha, 14 November 2007
• High Speed costs are generally paid with public funds (Japan, Europe, Korea)• The trend is to share funds and responsibilities between different public entities (French TGV)• In some cases, private funding can be attracted for part of total investment• PPP (Spain – France link) or BOT (Taiwan) are two possibilities to combine public and private resources:
- Private obtains ROI- Public ensures social benefits
Funding Costs
High Speed – I. Barrón – Professional Conference - Praha, 14 November 2007
Definition of max. speedand performances
Standardisation
Knowledgeof High Speed Systems
& Elements Low CostHigh SpeedRail System
Financing Market procedures
Key elements to reduce costs
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High Speed – I. Barrón – Professional Conference - Praha, 14 November 2007
Concluding remarks
High Speed – I. Barrón – Professional Conference - Praha, 14 November 2007
• High Speed is an highly beneficial transport system for Society
• High Speed is a “complex system” and its conception is not unique; it must be adapted to each case and each country
• High Speed always needs public funds (at least, public guarantee)
Concluding remarks
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High Speed – I. Barrón – Professional Conference - Praha, 14 November 2007
• World Congress in HS (“Eurailspeed”):Next one The Netherlands, 17 – 18 Mars 2008
• “Training in HS Systems”:Next one 16 to 21 June 2008
UIC High Speed activities
High Speed – I. Barrón – Professional Conference - Praha, 14 November 2007
For more information, commentaries and proposals:
Iñaki Barrón de AngoitiDirector High SpeedUnion Internationale des Chemins de fer (UIC)
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High Speed – I. Barrón – Professional Conference - Praha, 14 November 2007
Thank you very muchfor your attention