12 Categories of Herbs - The School of Modern Herbal...
Transcript of 12 Categories of Herbs - The School of Modern Herbal...
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The School of Modern Herbal Medicine
1 Copyright 2015 by Steven Horne and The School of Modern Herbal Medicine
12CategoriesofHerbs
WithStevenHorne,RH(AHG)
WhenIfirststartedstudyingherbs,Iwasconfused…
• Forinstance,IreadthatWhiteOakBarkwasgoodfor:– Hemorrhoids– Bleeding– VaricoseVeins– ExcessiveMenstrualFlow– Swelling
• MyquesOonwas:howcanoneherbbegoodforsomany“different”healthproblems
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The School of Modern Herbal Medicine
2 Copyright 2015 by Steven Horne and The School of Modern Herbal Medicine
TasOngHerbs“ThispracOceoftasOngherbsandrootshasbeenofgreatadvantagetome,asIhavealwaysbeenabletoascertainwhatisusefulforanypar5culardisease,bythatmeans.““IwasoVentoldthatIshouldpoisonmyselfbytasOngeverythingIsaw;butIthoughtIoughttohaveasmuchknowledgeasabeast,fortheypossessaninsOncttodiscoverwhatisgoodforfood,andwhatisnecessaryformedicine.”
– SamuelThomson
HerbalEnergeOcs• ThebasicconsOtuentsthat
giveherbstheirvariousproperOescaneasilybedetectedusingourownsenses
• TheeffectsofthesebasicconsOtuentscanalsobefelt(andobserved),inotherwords,experienceddirectly
• ThisisthebasisofwhatherbalistscallenergeOcs,orhowherbsaffecttheenergiesofthebody
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The School of Modern Herbal Medicine
3 Copyright 2015 by Steven Horne and The School of Modern Herbal Medicine
MyFirstEnergeOcModel• Air=BiYers
(loosening,detoxifying)
• Fire=AromaOcs(sOmulaOng,dispersing)
• Earth=Astringents(Oghtening,consolidaOng)
• Water=DemulcentsorMucilants(cooling,moistening)
Cold
Hot Wet
Dry
Air
Wat
er Fire
Earth
Bitters
Astringents
Arom
atics
Dem
ulc
ents
SevenElementEnergeOcModel
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The School of Modern Herbal Medicine
4 Copyright 2015 by Steven Horne and The School of Modern Herbal Medicine
CurrentEnergeOcSystem• EnergyProducOon
– Warm(SOmulateorspeedupmetabolism,relieveOssuedepression)– Cool(Sedateorslowdownmetabolism,reduceOssueirritaOon)– Neutral(Doesnotwarmorcool)
• TissueDensity– Moisten(LubricateandsoVenhardOssue,reducesatrophy)– Dry(RemoveexcessfluidfromOssue,relievesstagnaOon)– Balancing(normalizesOssuesfromeitheratrophyorstagnaOon)
• MuscleandTissueTone– Constrict(Increasetone,reducesecreOon,counteractsrelaxaOon)– Relax(Relaxspasms,increasesecreOon,counteractsconstricOon)– Nourishing(providesnutrientstohelpOssuesheal)
12BasicHerbalCategories• Pungent• AromaOc• BiYer– Simple(Non-Alkaloidal)
– Alkaloidal– Fragrant
• Salty
• Astringent• Sour• Acrid• Mucilant• Sweet• Oily
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The School of Modern Herbal Medicine
5 Copyright 2015 by Steven Horne and The School of Modern Herbal Medicine
PossibleArrangement?
PungentHerbs• CharacterisOcs– Spicyorhottaste,biOngaroma
• ConsOtuents– Resins– Allyl-sulphides– Alkamindes– SomeessenOaloils(monoterpenes)
• EnergeOcs– Warminganddrying
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6 Copyright 2015 by Steven Horne and The School of Modern Herbal Medicine
ExamplesofPungentHerbs• Capsicum(ChiliPeppers)
• Ginger• Mustard• Garlic• Horseradish• Blackpepper• Thyme• Eucalyptus
Capsicum—PhotobyStevenHorne
ProperOesofPungentHerbs• Movebloodandenergyupwardandoutward(towardsskinandmucusmembranes)
• DispelstagnaOon• DiaphoreOc–induceperspiraOon• SOmulaOng–increasebloodcirculaOonandenhanceenergyproducOon
• CarminaOve–expelgasandaiddigesOon• DigesOveAids–sOmulateproducOonofdigesOvesecreOons,enhanceappeOte
• Tonifymetal,increasedefensiveqi(TCM)
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7 Copyright 2015 by Steven Horne and The School of Modern Herbal Medicine
ContraindicaOonsforPungentHerbs
• Overusedepletesenergyreservesandcoolsthebody,duetoperspiraOonanddispersalofenergy
• MayirritatedigesOvemembranesinsomepeople
• Notforpeoplewhoare“hot”already:flushed,red,feverish,irritated,irritable
AromaOcHerbs• CharacterisOcs– Strongaroma,generallyusedasseasoningsforaddingflavortofood
• ConsOtuents– EssenOalorvolaOleoils(oilsthatevaporate)
• EnergeOcs– Warminganddrying,butmilderthanpungentherbs
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8 Copyright 2015 by Steven Horne and The School of Modern Herbal Medicine
ExamplesofAromaOcHerbs• Catnip• Peppermint• Chamomile• Sage• Lemonbalm• Basil• Oregano• Rosemary
Catnip—PhotobyStevenHorne
ProperOesofEssenOalOils• Strongnervoussystemeffects• DiaphoreOc–induceperspiraOonwhentakenhot• SOmulaOng(mildly)–increasebloodcirculaOonand
enhanceenergyproducOon• CarminaOve–expelgasandaiddigesOon• DigesOveAids–sOmulateproducOonofdigesOvesecreOons,
enhanceappeOte• Nervine–calmorsOmulatethenerves• Disinfectant–helptodestroyharmfulmicrobes• NocontraindicaOonsforaromaOcherbs,butpureessenOal
oilsshouldbeusedprimarilytopicallyandwelldiluted
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The School of Modern Herbal Medicine
9 Copyright 2015 by Steven Horne and The School of Modern Herbal Medicine
Simple(Non-Alkaloidal)BiYers• CharacterisOcs– BiYertaste
• ConsOtuents– Diterpenes– Glycosides
• Athraquinoneglycosides
• EnergeOcs– Coolinganddrying,butthereareafewthatarewarminganddrying
ExamplesofSimpleBiYers• CoolingandDrying
– Alfalfa– ArOchokeleaf– GenOan– WildleYuce– Kaleandotherdarkgreens– Cascarasagrada– Turkeyrhubarb– Hops
• Warminganddrying– Turmeric– DongQuai
ArOchokefromWikipedia
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10 Copyright 2015 by Steven Horne and The School of Modern Herbal Medicine
ProperOesofSimpleBiYers• Moveenergyinwardanddownward• DigesOveSOmulants:SOmulatehydrochloricacidproducOon
aswellassecreOonofbileandpancreaOcenzymeswhentasted
• Detoxifying:BiYerstendtosOmulatedetoxificaOonprocessesintheliver,whichcanreduceOssueirritaOonandhaveacoolingeffect
• SedaOves:somehavecalming,relaxingeffects• Anodynes:Afewhelptoeasepain• SOmulantlaxaOve:Herbswithanthroquinoneglycosides
sOmulateintesOnalperistalsis
ContraindicaOonsforSimpleBiYers
• CoolingbiYerscandepletedigesOonoverOme,whilewarmingbiYersareunlikelytohavethiseffect.TheeffectofcoolingbiYersismodifiedbyaddingaromaOcorpungentherbstodigesOvetonics.
• BiYersshouldbeavoidedbythin,weak,emaciatedanddrypeople
• ExcessiveuseofbiYersiswasOng(i.e.,promotesdepleOonofOssuemoisture)
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AlkaloidalBiYers• CharacterisOcs– BiYertaste
• ConsOtuents– Alkaloids(alkalinecompounds,namesendin–ine)
– Examples:caffeine,nicoOne,berberine,lobeline,hydrasOne
• EnergeOcs– Coolinganddrying
ExamplesofAlkaloidalBiYers• Goldenseal• Oregongrape• Lobelia• Coffee• Chocolate• Chineseephedra• Californiapoppy• Barberry• Scotchbroom
OregonGrape—PhotobyStevenHorne
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12 Copyright 2015 by Steven Horne and The School of Modern Herbal Medicine
ProperOesofAlkaloidalBiYers• DigesOveSOmulants:SOmulatehydrochloricacidproducOonaswellassecreOonofbileandpancreaOcenzymeswhentasted
• Detoxifying:BiYerstendtosOmulatedetoxificaOonprocessesintheliver
• Specificnervousandglandulareffects:dependingonthealkaloids,alkaloidscanhavesOmulaOngorsedaOngeffectsonthenervesandglands
ContraindicaOonsforAlkaloidalBiYers
• AlkaloidalbiYerscanhaveveryspecificindicaOonsandcontraindicaOonswhichshouldbelearnedforeachherb
• BiYersshouldbeavoidedbythin,weak,emaciatedanddrypeople
• ExcessiveuseofbiYersiswasOng(i.e.,promotesdepleOonofOssuemoisture)
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13 Copyright 2015 by Steven Horne and The School of Modern Herbal Medicine
FragrantBiYers• CharacterisOcs– BiYertaste;strong,butnotnecessarilypleasantaroma
• ConsOtuents– Sesquiterpenelactonesandtriterpenes
• EnergeOcs– Slightlywarminganddrying
ExamplesofFragrantBiYers• Elecampane• Blackwalnuthulls• Wormwood• Tansy• Wormseed
Tansy—PhotobyStevenHorne
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14 Copyright 2015 by Steven Horne and The School of Modern Herbal Medicine
ProperOesandContraindicaOons
• ProperOes– DigesOveSOmulants:UsedtosOmulatedigesOonlikeotherbiYers
– AnOparasiOc:Usedtodispelparasites• ContraindicaOons– Generallynotusedlongtermorinlargedoses– Mostarecontraindicatedinpregnancy– SamegeneralcontraindicaOonsforallbiYers
AcridHerbs• CharacterisOcs– BiYer,nasty,burningtaste
• ConsOtuents– Resins– Alkaloids
• EnergeOcs– Relaxing,mayalsobecoolinganddrying
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Acrid• Lobelia• Kavakava• Echinacea(angusOfolia)• Blackcohosh• Skunkcabbage• Bluevervain
Lobelia—PhotobyStevenHorne
ProperOesofAcridHerbs• AnOspasmodic:relaxcrampingandmusclespasms
• Relieve“wind”disordersinTCM:problemsinvolvingalternaOngsymptoms
• ContraindicaOons:– SomeareemeOc(inducevomiOng)inlargedoses– Largedosesorlongtermusemayadverselyaffectnerves
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AstringentHerbs• CharacterisOcs– SlightlybiYer,withdrying,slightlypuckeringsensaOon
• ConsOtuents:– Tannins
• EnergeOcs– DryingandConstricOng
Astringent• Whiteoakbark• Uvaursi• Bayberry• Sage• GreenTea• Yarrow• Wildgeranium• Willowbark• Witchhazel
UvaUrsi—PhotobyStevenHorne
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ProperOesofTannins
• VeryDrying:ArrestexcessivesecreOon• Tone:OghtenloseOssueandreduceswelling• SypOc:helpbloodcoagulatetostopbleeding• SlowintesOnalperistalsis,toneupleakygut• AnOvenomous:helptoneutralizeanimalvenomwhenappliedtopically
ContraindicaOonsforAstringents
• ReducedigesOvefuncOon,interferewithmineralabsorpOon,sobesttakeninbetweenmeals
• LargedosestakeninternallycancauseconsOpaOon
• LongtermtopicalusecanbeirritaOngtoskinormucosa
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Oligomericprocyanidins(OPCs)• Grapine®• CondensedtanninswithpowerfulanOoxidantcapabiliOes
• Foundinpinebark,grapeseedandgreentea
SourHerbs• CharacterisOcs– Sourtaste
• ConsOtuents– Fruitacids(citric,malicandabscorbicacid)
– Flavonoids– AnOoxidants
• EnergeOcs– Cooling,balancing(maymoistenordry),nourishing
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Sour• Lemon• Bilberry,Blueberry• Cranberry• Rosehips• Lycium• Hawthorne• Schizandra• Mangosteen• Noni
Lycium—PhotobyStevenHorne
ProperOesofSourHerbs• AnOoxidant:reducefreeradicaldamage,coolheatandirritaOon
• Tonic:strengthencapillaryintegrity,OghtenOssue
• HepaOc:AidliverfuncOon,gentlysOmulatebileproducOon,tonifyliverqiaccordingtoTCM
• NorealcontraindicaOons
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SaltyHerbs• CharacterisOcs– Slightlysalty,grassyor“green”taste(thinkofceleryorspinach)
• ConsOtuents– Saltsofmagnesium,potassium,sodiumandcalcium
• EnergeOcs– Balancing(maymoistenand/ordryOssues)andnourishing
ExamplesofSaltyHerbs• Spinach,celery• Alfalfa• Mullein• NeYles• Chickweed• Redclover• Dandelionleaf• Horsetail• Seaweeds(kelp,dulse)
Mullein—PhotobyStevenHorne
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ProperOesofSaltyHerbs• NutriOve:supplytracemineralstohelptoneandhealOssues
• Non-irritaOngdiureOcs:helptosupportkidneyfuncOonbysupplyingpotassium
• LymphaOc:HelptopromotelymphflowandrelievelymphaOccongesOon
• Decongestant:helptoloosenmucus• Alkalizing:tendtoincreasealkalinity,whichaidsgeneralhealth
• NocontraindicaOons
SweetHerbs• CharacterisOcs– BiYer-sweetflavor,notsugaryorstarchy,morelikethesweetnessofdarkchocolate
• ConsOtuents– Polysaccharides– Saponins
• EnergeOcs– Moisteningandneutral(maybeslightlywarmingorcooling,too)
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ExamplesofSweetHerbs
• Licorice• Stevia• Americanginseng• Koreanginseng• Eleutheroroot• BeePollen• Astragalus• Codonopsis
GinsengRootsfromWikipedia
ProperOesofSweetHerbs
• NutriOveandtonic:buildsupweakenedcondiOons,counteractswasOng,strengthensglands,buildsenergyreserves
• Adaptagenic:Manysweettonicsmodulatestressandimproveoverallhealth
• Moistening:CounteractdrynessandagingofOssues• ImmuneTonics:OVenstrengthentheimmunesystem
• OVenusedforelderlypeopletoregainormaintaingoodhealth
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ContraindicaOonsforSweetHerbs
• Mostoftheseremediesareverybenignandsuitableforlongtermuse
• Tendtoencourageweightgain• Someofthestrongertonicherbs(especiallytheginsengs)canbeabusedassOmulants,especiallybyyoungerpeople
MucilantHerbs• CharacterisOcs– Slipperyslimyfeelwhenmoist,generallyblandorslightlysweettaste
• ConsOtuents– Mucopolysaccharides(mucilageandgums)
– Glucoaminoglycans
• EnergeOcs– Moistening,coolingandnourishing
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ExamplesofMucilantHerbs• AloeVera• SlipperyElm• Psyllium• Marshmallow• Comfrey• IrishMoss• Kelp• Okra• ChiaSeeds
AloeVera—PhotobyStevenHorne
ProperOesofMucilantHerbs
• Coolandmoistenhot,dryandirritatedOssues• BulklaxaOve:holdmoistureinboweltopromotenormaleliminaOon
• Vulnerary:HelpinjuredOssuesheal• ImmuneSOmulant:EnhanceimmuneacOvity,especiallyonmucusmembranes
• FeedfriendlygutbacteriatopromoteintesOnalhealth
• AbsorbirritantsfromGItractandskin• Mayhelptoreducecholesterol
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ContraindicaOons• CanreduceabsorpOonofnutrientsandmedicaOons
• CanalsocoolandslowdowndigesOvefuncOonwithexcessiveuse,butthiscanbecounteractedbyaddingaliYlepungentoraromaOcherbs
OilyHerbs• CharacterisOcs– Oilytasteandtexture
• ConsOtuents– Oils– FaYyacids
• EnergeOcs– Moistening,CoolingandNourishing
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ExamplesofOilyHerbs• Flaxseed• Blackcurrentseed• Eveningprimroseseed• Pumpkinseeds• Sunflowerseeds• Borageseeds• Hempseeds• Coconut• Olives
BlueFlax—PhotobyStevenHorne
ProperOesofOilyHerbs
• Nourishing:providethebodywithfaYyacidsforenergy,immune,nerveandglandularfuncOon
• Cooling:canhelpreduceirritaOon• MildlaxaOve:lubricatethestoolforbeYereliminaOon
• Moistening:lubricatedryOssues,aidOssueflexibility
• NocontraindicaOons
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The School of Modern Herbal Medicine
27 Copyright 2015 by Steven Horne and The School of Modern Herbal Medicine
SomeAcknowledgments• EdwardMiloMillet–whohelpedmeunderstandthebasic
acOonsofherbs• L.CarlRobinson–whoworkedwithmeonthedevelopment
ofthefourelementenergeOcmodel• MaYhewWood–whodevelopedthemodelofthesix
(seven)Ossuestates,andhelpedmeidenOfythe12herbalcategories
• DavidWinston–whohelpedmeunderstandthe12herbalcategories
• ThomasEasley–whohelpeddevelopthedirecOonsofherbalacOonmodel
AnyQuesOons?