12-4 Mutations Mutation: A Change in DNA Mutation – any change in the DNA sequence that can also...

23
12-4 Mutations Mutation: A Change in DNA • Mutation – any change in the DNA sequence that can also change the protein it codes for • Mutations in Reproductive Cells • If mutation occurs in egg or sperm the altered gene would become part of the genetic makeup of the offspring • Sometimes the mutation is so severe that the embryo does not survive • In rare cases a gene mutation may have positive effects

TAGS:

Transcript of 12-4 Mutations Mutation: A Change in DNA Mutation – any change in the DNA sequence that can also...

Page 1: 12-4 Mutations Mutation: A Change in DNA Mutation – any change in the DNA sequence that can also change the protein it codes for Mutations in Reproductive.

12-4 Mutations

Mutation: A Change in DNA

• Mutation – any change in the DNA sequence that can also change the protein it codes for

• Mutations in Reproductive Cells

• If mutation occurs in egg or sperm the altered gene would become part of the genetic makeup of the offspring

• Sometimes the mutation is so severe that the embryo does not survive

• In rare cases a gene mutation may have positive effects

Page 2: 12-4 Mutations Mutation: A Change in DNA Mutation – any change in the DNA sequence that can also change the protein it codes for Mutations in Reproductive.

• Mutations in Body Cells

• If the cells DNA is changed this mutation would not be passed on to offspring

• But the mutations can cause harm to the individual

Page 3: 12-4 Mutations Mutation: A Change in DNA Mutation – any change in the DNA sequence that can also change the protein it codes for Mutations in Reproductive.

2 Types of Mutations in DNA

1. Point Mutation

• Is a change in a single base pair in DNA

• A change in a single letter changes the meaning of this sentence

2. Frameshift Mutation

• A mutation in which a single base is added or deleted from DNA

• This mutation would cause nearly every amino acid in the protein after the deletion to be changed.

Page 4: 12-4 Mutations Mutation: A Change in DNA Mutation – any change in the DNA sequence that can also change the protein it codes for Mutations in Reproductive.
Page 5: 12-4 Mutations Mutation: A Change in DNA Mutation – any change in the DNA sequence that can also change the protein it codes for Mutations in Reproductive.

mutatedbase

Page 6: 12-4 Mutations Mutation: A Change in DNA Mutation – any change in the DNA sequence that can also change the protein it codes for Mutations in Reproductive.

Chromosomal Mutations

• Chromosomal Mutations – changes in chromosomes during replication. Parts can be broken or lost.

• They occur in all living organisms, but they are especially common in plants

• Although rare, changes in an organisms chromosome structure do occur.

• Chromosomal mutations are rarely passed on to the next generation because:

• The zygote usually dies

• The mature organism is usually sterile

Page 7: 12-4 Mutations Mutation: A Change in DNA Mutation – any change in the DNA sequence that can also change the protein it codes for Mutations in Reproductive.

• 4 Types of Chromosomal Mutations

1. Deletion – a fragment of a chromosome breaks off, it can be lost when a cell divides

Page 8: 12-4 Mutations Mutation: A Change in DNA Mutation – any change in the DNA sequence that can also change the protein it codes for Mutations in Reproductive.

2. Duplication – the chromosome fragment attaches to its homologous chromosome, which will then carry two copies of a certain set of genes

Page 9: 12-4 Mutations Mutation: A Change in DNA Mutation – any change in the DNA sequence that can also change the protein it codes for Mutations in Reproductive.

3. Inversion – fragment reattaches to the original chromosome in the reverse orientation

Page 10: 12-4 Mutations Mutation: A Change in DNA Mutation – any change in the DNA sequence that can also change the protein it codes for Mutations in Reproductive.

4. Translocation – a fragment may join a nonhomologous chromosome

Page 11: 12-4 Mutations Mutation: A Change in DNA Mutation – any change in the DNA sequence that can also change the protein it codes for Mutations in Reproductive.

Causes of Mutations

• Spontaneous Mutations – a mistake in base pairing during DNA replication. It occurs at random or at any given moment

• Mutagen – any agent that can cause a change in DNA

• Ex. Chemicals, radiation, high temperatures

Page 12: 12-4 Mutations Mutation: A Change in DNA Mutation – any change in the DNA sequence that can also change the protein it codes for Mutations in Reproductive.

Repairing DNA

• When mistakes do occur repair mechanisms fix mutations

• Proofreading Enzymes – reads the DNA strand and checks it for mistakes

• Repair Enzymes – fixes any mistakes in the DNA strand

Page 13: 12-4 Mutations Mutation: A Change in DNA Mutation – any change in the DNA sequence that can also change the protein it codes for Mutations in Reproductive.

Mistakes in Meiosis

• Sometimes accidents occur during meiosis and chromosomes fail to separate correctly

• Nondisjunction – failure of homologous chromosomes to separate

• During meiosis I one chromosome from each pair is supposed to move to opposite poles but occasionally both chromosomes of a pair move to the same pole

Page 14: 12-4 Mutations Mutation: A Change in DNA Mutation – any change in the DNA sequence that can also change the protein it codes for Mutations in Reproductive.

• Trisomy – 1 extra chromosome (47)

• Ex: extra chromosome on pair number 21 – down syndrome

• Monosomy – missing 1 chromosome (45)

• Ex: missing chromosome on pair number 23 – turner syndrome

• Tetraploid – 2 extra chromosomes (48)

• Polyploids – organisms with more than the usual number of chromosome sets

• Is rare in animals and almost always results in death.

Page 15: 12-4 Mutations Mutation: A Change in DNA Mutation – any change in the DNA sequence that can also change the protein it codes for Mutations in Reproductive.

What is abnormal about this person’s chromosomes?

Page 16: 12-4 Mutations Mutation: A Change in DNA Mutation – any change in the DNA sequence that can also change the protein it codes for Mutations in Reproductive.

Deletion

Inversion

Duplication

Translocation

Page 17: 12-4 Mutations Mutation: A Change in DNA Mutation – any change in the DNA sequence that can also change the protein it codes for Mutations in Reproductive.

Deletion

Inversion

Duplication

Translocation

Page 18: 12-4 Mutations Mutation: A Change in DNA Mutation – any change in the DNA sequence that can also change the protein it codes for Mutations in Reproductive.

Deletion

Inversion

Duplication

Translocation

Page 19: 12-4 Mutations Mutation: A Change in DNA Mutation – any change in the DNA sequence that can also change the protein it codes for Mutations in Reproductive.

Deletion

Inversion

Duplication

Translocation

Page 20: 12-4 Mutations Mutation: A Change in DNA Mutation – any change in the DNA sequence that can also change the protein it codes for Mutations in Reproductive.

Deletion

Inversion

Duplication

Translocation

Page 21: 12-4 Mutations Mutation: A Change in DNA Mutation – any change in the DNA sequence that can also change the protein it codes for Mutations in Reproductive.

Deletion

Inversion

Duplication

Translocation

Page 22: 12-4 Mutations Mutation: A Change in DNA Mutation – any change in the DNA sequence that can also change the protein it codes for Mutations in Reproductive.

Deletion

Inversion

Duplication

Translocation

Page 23: 12-4 Mutations Mutation: A Change in DNA Mutation – any change in the DNA sequence that can also change the protein it codes for Mutations in Reproductive.

MUTATIONS. MUTATION A mutation, the original source of genetic variation caused by a change in a DNA base or a chromosome. Spontaneous mutations are those.

MUTATIONS. MUTATION A mutation, the original source of genetic variation caused by a change in a DNA base or a chromosome. Spontaneous mutations are those.

The gene-enzyme relationship is12.6 What Are Mutations? All mutations are alterations of the nucleotide sequence. 2 levels of mutation…. Point mutations: change in a single base

The gene-enzyme relationship is12.6 What Are Mutations? All mutations are alterations of the nucleotide sequence. 2 levels of mutation…. Point mutations: change in a single base

Mutations. A. Introduction to Mutations -A mutation is a change in DNA sequence (order of nucleotides). -Mutations are important because they increase.

Mutations. A. Introduction to Mutations -A mutation is a change in DNA sequence (order of nucleotides). -Mutations are important because they increase.

Mutations. General Definition Long Notes: Any change in DNA sequence is called a mutation. Abbreviated Notes (AN): Mutation (mut) = DNA sequence (seq)

Mutations. General Definition Long Notes: Any change in DNA sequence is called a mutation. Abbreviated Notes (AN): Mutation (mut) = DNA sequence (seq)

Genetics: Gene Mutations and DNA Repair. INTRODUCTION The term mutation refers to a heritable change in the genetic material Mutations provide allelic.

Genetics: Gene Mutations and DNA Repair. INTRODUCTION The term mutation refers to a heritable change in the genetic material Mutations provide allelic.

MUTATIONS - TSFX€¦ · MUTATIONS A mutation is a permanent change in the genetic material (or DNA sequence). Mutations ... Let’s determine the effects of three types of point

MUTATIONS - TSFX€¦ · MUTATIONS A mutation is a permanent change in the genetic material (or DNA sequence). Mutations ... Let’s determine the effects of three types of point

Mutations. What Are Mutations? A change in the structure or amount of an organisms genetic material This mutation can be a tiny change in DNA structure.

Mutations. What Are Mutations? A change in the structure or amount of an organisms genetic material This mutation can be a tiny change in DNA structure.

Mutations. What is a mutation? A mutation is a permanent change in the DNA sequence of a gene. Mutations in a gene's DNA sequence can alter the amino.

Mutations. What is a mutation? A mutation is a permanent change in the DNA sequence of a gene. Mutations in a gene's DNA sequence can alter the amino.

Mutations in DNA. Mutations A mutation is a change in a DNA sequence. Can happen if – There is a mistake in replication. – Bases change spontaneously.

Mutations in DNA. Mutations A mutation is a change in a DNA sequence. Can happen if – There is a mistake in replication. – Bases change spontaneously.

Mutations and detection of mutation using AuNP

Mutations and detection of mutation using AuNP

Mutations & Genetic Disorders - Ms. Bustos › ... › 4 › 120409855 › mutationsgenetic… · MUTATIONS & GENETIC DISORDERS. MUTATIONS Mutation: •Any mistake or change in the

Mutations & Genetic Disorders - Ms. Bustos › ... › 4 › 120409855 › mutationsgenetic… · MUTATIONS & GENETIC DISORDERS. MUTATIONS Mutation: •Any mistake or change in the

Genetic Changes Any mistake or change in the DNA sequence is called a mutation. Types of mutations are: 1.point mutation 2.frameshift mutation 3.chromosomal.

Genetic Changes Any mistake or change in the DNA sequence is called a mutation. Types of mutations are: 1.point mutation 2.frameshift mutation 3.chromosomal.

Mutations. It is a CHANGE in a cell's genetic material What is a MUTATION?

Mutations. It is a CHANGE in a cell's genetic material What is a MUTATION?

Genes in ActionSection 1 Section 1: Mutation and Genetic Change Preview Bellringer Key Ideas Mutation: The Basis of Genetic Change Several Kinds of Mutations.

Genes in ActionSection 1 Section 1: Mutation and Genetic Change Preview Bellringer Key Ideas Mutation: The Basis of Genetic Change Several Kinds of Mutations.

Mutations - thiacinthiacin.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/mutation-notes.pdf · 2017-11-05 · Point mutations occur when there is a change in a single base pair of DNA. The mutations

Mutations - thiacinthiacin.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/mutation-notes.pdf · 2017-11-05 · Point mutations occur when there is a change in a single base pair of DNA. The mutations

Mutation any change in DNA. Mutations Mutations are defined as a sudden genetic change in the DNA sequence that affects genetic information. They.

Mutation any change in DNA. Mutations Mutations are defined as a sudden genetic change in the DNA sequence that affects genetic information. They.

Mutations. Definition mutation A mutation is a change in an organism’s DNA – Silent mutations are changes that do not result in a change to the organisms.

Mutations. Definition mutation A mutation is a change in an organism’s DNA – Silent mutations are changes that do not result in a change to the organisms.

12-4 MUTATIONS. I. KINDS OF MUTATIONS 1. Mutation- change in genetic material that can result from incorrect DNA replication 2. Point Mutations- gene.

12-4 MUTATIONS. I. KINDS OF MUTATIONS 1. Mutation- change in genetic material that can result from incorrect DNA replication 2. Point Mutations- gene.

Mutation, Transposition, and Repair. A.Gene Mutation 1. Mutations are Classified in Different Ways:

Mutation, Transposition, and Repair. A.Gene Mutation 1. Mutations are Classified in Different Ways:

12-4 Mutations Mutation: A Change in DNA

12-4 Mutations Mutation: A Change in DNA