11th$Grade$Mathematics$PSSAPreparation$Program · 11th$Grade$Mathematics$PSSAPreparation$Program...

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Name: _________________________________________________________ Period: ______ Date: ___________________________ 11 th Grade Mathematics PSSA Preparation Program Mastered On: _____________________ Rational and Irrational Numbers Anchors Addressed M11.A.1.3.1 – Locate/identify irrational numbers at the approximate location on a number line. M11.A.1.3.2 – Compare and/or order any real numbers (rational and irrational may be mixed). Concepts Real numbers are further classified as rational or irrational numbers. Irrational numbers cannot be written as a fraction using only integers. Rational numbers in decimal form either terminate or repeat, but irrational numbers continue on forever without repeating. Examples of irrational numbers include: 3 , 2, and 0.1221122211112222 Since irrational numbers never terminate or repeat, the decimal form of an irrational number is always an approximation. Square roots of numbers, except perfect squares, and all solutions involving are approximate values. For example: 3 = 1.73205 and 2 = 6.28318 When solving problems involving , the approximation 3.14 is acceptable on the PSSA and SAT. Classifying Numbers Example 1: Classify the following numbers as rational or irrational. A. 2.371732 B. 0.625 C. 12.56637… Solution: To classify each of the values, determine if they can be written as a fraction. A. 2.371732 cannot be written as a fraction because the decimal does not repeat or terminate, therefore the number is irrational. B. 0.625 can be written as a fraction and the value does terminate, therefore the number is rational. !"# !""" = ! ! C. 12.56637… cannot be written as a fraction because the decimal does not repeat or terminate, therefore the number is irrational. This number is 4. Calculator Tip: You can use the calculator to turn decimals into fractions. On the TI30x, type the decimal value and then press % j to change the decimal to a fraction. On a TI83 calculator, from the Math menu, select Frac to change a decimal to a fraction.

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Name:  _________________________________________________________  Period:  ______  Date:  ___________________________  

11th  Grade  Mathematics  PSSA  Preparation  Program                                                      o  Mastered  On:  _____________________  

Rational and Irrational Numbers

Anchors  Addressed    M11.A.1.3.1  –  Locate/identify  irrational  numbers  at  the  approximate  location  on  a  number  line.    M11.A.1.3.2  –  Compare  and/or  order  any  real  numbers  (rational  and  irrational  may  be  mixed).        

                                                                                                         Concepts  Real  numbers  are  further  classified  as  rational  or  irrational  numbers.    Irrational  numbers  cannot  be  written  as  a   fraction  using  only   integers.     Rational   numbers   in   decimal   form  either   terminate  or   repeat,   but   irrational  numbers   continue   on   forever   without   repeating.     Examples   of   irrational   numbers   include:   3,   2𝜋,   and  0.1221122211112222…    Since   irrational   numbers   never   terminate  or   repeat,   the  decimal   form  of   an   irrational   number   is   always   an  approximation.     Square   roots   of   numbers,   except   perfect   squares,   and   all   solutions   involving   𝜋   are  approximate  values.  For  example:      

3 = 1.73205…            and            2𝜋 = 6.28318…    

When  solving  problems  involving  𝜋,  the  approximation  3.14  is  acceptable  on  the  PSSA  and  SAT.        Classifying  Numbers              Example  1:  Classify  the  following  numbers  as  rational  or  irrational.      

A. 2.371732…    B. 0.625  C. 12.56637…  

                                                   Solution:    To  classify  each  of  the  values,  determine  if  they  can  be  written  as  a  fraction.        

A. 2.371732…    cannot  be  written  as  a  fraction  because  the  decimal  does  not  repeat  or  terminate,  therefore  the  number  is  irrational.    

B. 0.625     can  be  written  as  a   fraction  and   the  value  does   terminate,   therefore   the  number  is  rational.      

!"#!"""

= !!    

 C.      12.56637…  cannot  be  written  as  a  fraction  because  the  decimal  does  not  repeat  or  terminate,  therefore  the  number  is  irrational.    This  number  is  4𝜋.      

 

 Calculator  Tip:  You  can  use  the  calculator  to  turn  decimals  into  fractions.    On  the  TI-­‐30x,  type  the  decimal  value  and  then  press  % j  to  change  the  decimal  to  a  fraction.    On  a  TI-­‐83  calculator,  from  the  Math  menu,  select  Frac  to  change  a  decimal  to  a  fraction.  

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Estimating  Irrational  Numbers    Since  the  decimal  form  of  an  irrational  number  is  an  approximate  value,  we  can  approximate  where  the  values  appear  on  the  number  line.                  Example  1:  Place  the  values   12,  𝜋,  and  3.7671921…  on  the  number  line.                                                          Solution:     First,   convert   each   value   to   a   decimal.     Therefore,   12 = 3.464101…,  𝜋 = 3.14…,                                                                                              and  3.7671921  is  already  a  decimal.    Once  in  decimal  form,  estimate  the  location  on                                                                                            the  number  line.            

 

 Exercises  

A.  Find  the  decimal  form  of  each  value  to  the  nearest  ten  thousandth  (3  decimal  places)  and  determine  if  the  following  values  are  rational  or  irrational.    

1.         16        2.        !

!  

   

3.         8        

4.        !!  

   

5.         324        

6.        !!!!  

 B.  Determine  if  an  exact  solution  can  be  found  for  the  following  measures.  

7.            y n The  area  of  a  rectangle.    

8.            y n The  area  of  a  circle.    

9.            y n The  perimeter  of  a  triangle.    

10.        y n The  volume  of  a  cube.    

11.        y n The  surface  area  of  a  cylinder.    

12.        y n The  area  of  a  rectangle.    

13.        y n The  volume  of  a  sphere.    

14.        y n The  hypotenuse  of  any  triangle

C. Answer  the  following  questions  about  irrational  numbers.    

15.  Can  the  area  of  a  rectangle  ever  be  irrational?    If  it  is  possible,  provide  an  example.      

 

 

 

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D.      Use  the  number  line  below  to  determine  where  each  of  the  following  values  would  be  located.    

 

16.     10    is  between  _____  and  _____.      

17.     4 + 𝜋    is  between  _____  and  _____.      

18.    ! !"!"

   is  between  _____  and  _____.      

19.    2𝜋    is  between  _____  and  _____.      

20.     45    is  between  _____  and  _____.      

21.    3 3    is  between  _____  and  _____.      

22.     5 + 7    is  between  _____  and  _____.      

23.     !"!    is  between  _____  and  _____.      

24.    3 5 − 2 2    is  between  _____  and  _____.      

25.    6 5 + 2 3 − 4 2    is  between  _____  and  _____.    

 E.      Order  the  following  sets  of  numbers  from  least  to  greatest.    

26.    14, 18, 4𝜋  

27.    22.2321, 625, 5! − 1  

28.  (−1)!, !"#!"

, !!  

29.    3!, 95, 2𝜋  

30.     132, 8!, 5 25  

31.    3 15, 2 21, 4 12  

32.     125, 34 + 20, 10𝜋  

33.    ! !!!, 196, 200  

34.     25 + 100, 50 + 75, 35 + 90  

35.    2!, 272, !!!  

 

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F.    Without  using  a  calculator,  plot  the  following  values  on  the  number  line.    

36.    2.2!, 26, !!!  

 

 

 

 

37.    2𝜋, 38, 52  

 

 

 

 

38.    2.75!, 18, ! !"!

 

 

 

 

 

39.    1.5!,− 2, !!  

 

 

 

 

40.    (−1.4)!,− 3, 0.1!