11LATE PALEOZOIC EARTH HISTORY - CCSF · 2 Paleozoic Paleogeography Continental Collisions Mountain...
Transcript of 11LATE PALEOZOIC EARTH HISTORY - CCSF · 2 Paleozoic Paleogeography Continental Collisions Mountain...
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LATE PALEOZOIC LATE PALEOZOIC EARTH HISTORYEARTH HISTORY
Late Paleozoic Late Paleozoic PaleogeographyPaleogeography
DevonianDevonianCarboniferous (Mississippian and Carboniferous (Mississippian and Pennsylvanian)Pennsylvanian)PermianPermian
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Paleozoic Paleozoic PaleogeographyPaleogeography
Continental CollisionsContinental CollisionsMountain buildingMountain building-- influencing oceanic and influencing oceanic and atmospheric circulationatmospheric circulationFluctuating sea levelFluctuating sea levelVaried climatesVaried climatesMajor glacial and interglacial episodesMajor glacial and interglacial episodesSupercontinentSupercontinent PangeaPangea formsformsWidespread arid and semiWidespread arid and semi--arid conditions arid conditions on on PangeaPangea
DevonianDevonianLate SilurianLate Silurian-- LaurentiaLaurentia and and BalticaBaltica form form LaurasiaLaurasia–– Closed northern Closed northern IapetusIapetus OceanOcean–– Called Caledonian Called Caledonian orogenyorogenyAcadian Acadian OrogenyOrogeny–– closure of closure of IapetusIapetus–– Catskill delta and Old Red SandstoneCatskill delta and Old Red SandstoneAntler and Ellesmere Antler and Ellesmere OrogeniesOrogenies along along northern margin of northern margin of LaurentiaLaurentiaUniform climate suggested by reefs, Uniform climate suggested by reefs, evaporitesevaporites, red beds, similar floras, red beds, similar floras
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Late Devonian Period
CarboniferousCarboniferousGondwanaGondwana moves over South Pole = extensive moves over South Pole = extensive continental continental glaciationglaciation–– Advances and retreats affect sea levelAdvances and retreats affect sea level–– Affects sedimentation on Affects sedimentation on cratonscratons–– Evidence = Evidence = tillitestillites and glacial striationsand glacial striations–– Ice sheets extend to middle latitudesIce sheets extend to middle latitudes
Collisions of continents making up parts of Collisions of continents making up parts of PangeaPangea, others coming closer, others coming closerCarboniferous CoalCarboniferous Coal–– Equatorial belt = N. Amer., Europe, UkraineEquatorial belt = N. Amer., Europe, Ukraine–– Temperate coals = SiberiaTemperate coals = Siberia–– Evidence = plant growth rings, Evidence = plant growth rings, paleomagnetismpaleomagnetism
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Early Carboniferous PeriodEarly Carboniferous Period
Late Carboniferous PeriodLate Carboniferous Period
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PermianPermian
PangeaPangea is completed is completed –– eastern still eastern still controversialcontroversialPanthalassaPanthalassa Ocean surrounds Ocean surrounds PangeaPangea and and stretches from pole to pole.stretches from pole to pole.Mountain Ranges create rain shadowsMountain Ranges create rain shadows–– HercynianHercynian, , AlleghenianAlleghenian, Ouachita, Ouachita–– Dry conditions, Dry conditions, evaporitesevaporites, red beds, red beds
Ice sheets retreat as continent moves Ice sheets retreat as continent moves northwardnorthward
Late Permian PeriodLate Permian Period
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Late Paleozoic of North AmericaLate Paleozoic of North America
KaskaskiaKaskaskia SequenceSequence–– Basal Basal transgressivetransgressive sequencesequence–– Reef developmentReef development–– Black Black ShalesShales
Late Late KaskaskiaKaskaskia–– Return to extensive carbonate Return to extensive carbonate
depositiondeposition
CratonicCratonic SequencesSequences
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Silurian ReefSilurian Reef
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Canning Basin, Australia
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Black Black ShalesShales
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Algerian Black ShaleAlgerian Black Shale
Late Paleozoic of North AmericaLate Paleozoic of North America
AbsarokaAbsaroka Sequence Sequence –– Paleozoic onlyPaleozoic only–– CyclothemsCyclothems–– CratonicCratonic uplift uplift –– ancestral Rockiesancestral Rockies
Middle Middle AbsarokaAbsaroka–– EvaporitesEvaporites–– ReefsReefs
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CratonicCratonic SequencesSequences
Cyclothems
Cyclothems
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Reconstruction Reconstruction CyclothemsCyclothems
Widespread Widespread CyclothemsCyclothems
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CratonicCratonic Uplift Uplift –– Ancestral RockiesAncestral Rockies
Uplift and deformation of the Uplift and deformation of the cratoncraton–– Exposure of Precambrian rocksExposure of Precambrian rocks–– Arches and domes e.g. Cincinnati Arch, Arches and domes e.g. Cincinnati Arch,
Nashville Dome reactivatedNashville Dome reactivated–– Greatest in southwestern North Greatest in southwestern North AmeicanAmeican
cratoncraton–– Fault bounded blocks form Ancestral Fault bounded blocks form Ancestral
RockiesRockies
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Middle Middle AbsarokaAbsaroka –– reefs and reefs and evaporitesevaporites
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Guadalupe Mountains, Capitan Limestone of reef organisms
Permian coralsPermian corals
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Late Paleozoic Mobile BeltsLate Paleozoic Mobile Belts
Cordilleran Mobile BeltCordilleran Mobile Belt–– Antler Antler orogenyorogeny
Ouachita Mobile BeltOuachita Mobile BeltAppalachian Mobile BeltAppalachian Mobile Belt–– Caledonian Caledonian orogenyorogeny–– Acadian Acadian OrogenyOrogeny–– Catskill Delta/ Old Red sandstoneCatskill Delta/ Old Red sandstone–– HercynianHercynian--AlleghenianAlleghenian OrogenyOrogeny
Antler Antler OrogenyOrogeny--CordilleranCordilleran
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Ouachita Mobile BeltOuachita Mobile Belt
Ouachita Mobile BeltOuachita Mobile Belt
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Ouachita Mobile BeltOuachita Mobile Belt
Acadian Acadian OrogenyOrogeny
Producing the Catskill delta and Old Producing the Catskill delta and Old Red SandstoneRed Sandstone
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PangeaPangea
Final steps Final steps –– HercynianHercynian--AlleghenianAlleghenianOrogenyOrogenyMicroplatesMicroplates and and TerranesTerranes–– AvaloniaAvalonia ––microplatemicroplate of parts of N. America of parts of N. America
and Europeand Europe–– IberiaIberia--ArmoricaArmorica (Iberian (Iberian pennisulapennisula))–– PerunicaPerunica (Bohemia)(Bohemia)–– Alpine fragmentsAlpine fragments
Usually developed own fauna and flora, Usually developed own fauna and flora, also transported fossilsalso transported fossils
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Late Paleozoic Mineral ResourcesLate Paleozoic Mineral Resources
Oil and gasOil and gasCoalCoalSalt and GypsumSalt and GypsumSilica sandSilica sandLimestoneLimestoneTin, copper, gold, silverTin, copper, gold, silverLead and zincLead and zinc