11/5/14 Notes over Photosynthesis Complete and turn in ATP lab DUE by EOC CW/HW on photosynthesis.
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Transcript of 11/5/14 Notes over Photosynthesis Complete and turn in ATP lab DUE by EOC CW/HW on photosynthesis.
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11/5/14
• Notes over Photosynthesis• Complete and turn in ATP lab DUE by EOC• CW/HW on photosynthesis
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8.2 Photosynthesis
Pages 222-227
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More on ATP• Cells Have Enough ATP
To Last For A Few Seconds
• ATP must constantly be made
• ATP Transfers Energy Very Well
• ATP Is NOT Good At Energy Storage
copyright cmassengale
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Glucose• Glucose is a monosaccharide
• C6H12O6
• One Molecule of glucose Stores 90 Times More Chemical Energy Than One Molecule of ATP
copyright cmassengale
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Photosynthesis
• Photosynthesis is the process of turning light energy into chemical energy!
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Chemical Equation
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mpPwmvtDjWw
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PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis occurs in TWO phases.1. Light-dependent reactions2. Light-independent reactions (dark reactions)
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Remember the “reactants”…….
1. Carbon Dioxide (CO2)2. Water (H20)3. Energy (sunlight)
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Where do the reactants come from?
• CO2 (a gas) is in the atmosphere and enters the plant through small openings on the back of leaves called stomata.
The stomata is where gas exchange occurs. CO2 in; O2 out
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Where does everything come from?
• Water (H20) comes from the soil absorbed by the plants roots.
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Where does everything come from?
Light energy comes from the sun and is captured by chloroplasts.
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Chloroplasts
• Chloroplasts capture light energy and are found mainly in the LEAVES.
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!REVIEW!
What are the 3 reactants and how do they get into a plant?1. WATER----The roots2. Carbon Dioxide---The stomata3. Light---The chloroplast.
Is photosynthesis catabolic or anabolic??
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What organelle does photosynthesis take place in?
Chloroplast
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Inside the chloroplast.
• thylakoids – saclike photosynthetic membranes
• grana – stacks of thylakoids
• stroma – space outside the thylakoids
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The spectrum of visible light
Energy from the sun travels to Earth in the form oflight. Sunlight is a mixture of differentwavelengths of light – many of these are visibleto your eyes.
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How plants obtain energy
Thylakoids have light-absorbing colored molecules called PIGMENTS
• Chlorophyll a & b = blue/green• Xanthophyll = yellow• Carotenoids = orange/red• Anthocyanin = red/purple
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• The most common pigment is chlorophyll, which gives plants their green color.
Plants don’t need green light to make food, so it is reflected – which is why plants are green!
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• Plants absorb red and blue light from the sun to make food during photosynthesis
• Plants don’t need green light to make food, so it is reflected – which is why plants are green!
So…the best wavelengths of light for plant growth are red and blue while the worst wavelength of light for plant growth is green.
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• Ok… now we have all the reactants….Lets make some SUGAR!!
up!!
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The Two Phases of Photosynthesis• Phase I - Light Dependent Reaction
(occurs in the thylakoids)– Light energy is absorbed and TRANSFORMED to
chemical energy (ATP and NADPH molecules)
Rember Chemical energy is ATP!!
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Light Dependent Reaction
copyright cmassengale
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Light Dependent Reaction
copyright cmassengale
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What you NEED to Know!
• At the end of Phase I, the plant has made 1.ATP (energy)2.NADPH (electron carrier)3.O2 (oxygen)
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• Phase II – Light Independent Reaction (or the Dark Reaction/Calvin Cycle) (occurs in stroma)– NADPH and ATP that were formed during light
dependent reactions are used to make glucose
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How plants transform energy
Calvin Cycle converts carbon dioxide into sugar using the NADPH & ATP energy from the light-dependent reactions.
The enzyme Rubisco also helps!
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Light Independent Reaction(The Dark Reaction)
(Calvin Cycle)1.ATP and NADPH contain a high
amount of energy, but are short stores (no longer than a few minutes).
2.So plants use the ATP and NADPH to build GLUCOSE which can be stored for a longer time.
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The Calvin Cycle1. Does not require light.2. 6 carbon dioxide molecules are
required from the atmosphere3. ATP & NADPH powers the cycle
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Not On FIB write down
• The Enzyme Rubisco helps build the glucose molecule during the Calvin cycle.
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Reactants & products1.The Calvin Cycle uses 6 molecules of
CO2 to produce a single 6-Carbon sugar molecule called glucose.
2.Uses for sugars include: form starches & cellulose. When other organisms eat plants, they can also use the energy stored in carbohydrates.
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Summary of Photosynthesis
Light Reactions• Inputs:
LightWater
• Outputs: ATP
NADPHOxygen (O2)
OCCURS IN THYLOKOID
Dark reactions (Calvin cycle)• Inputs:
◦ ATP◦ NADPH◦ CO2
• Outputs:◦ Sugars
OCCURS IN THE STROMA
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Summary• Light reactions Calvin Cycle
Thylakoid Stroma
Glucose
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Let’s review…
Light-d
ep
end
ent
reactio
ns
Lig
ht-
ind
ep
end
ent
react
ions
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What materials come into the chloroplast that are used in the
light-dependent reactions?
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What material comes into the chloroplast that is used by the
Calvin Cycle?
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What material moves out of the chloroplast from the light-
dependent reactions?
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What materials move out of the chloroplast from the Calvin Cycle?
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What materials move from the light-dependent reactions to the Calvin
Cycle?
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What materials move from the Calvin Cycle back to the light-
dependent reactions?
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Factors affecting Photosynthesis
● Water - shortage can slow or even stop photosynthesis - plants living in dry areas have a waxy coating to prevent water loss
● Temperature - enzymes used in photosynthesis function best between 0°C and 35°C - high or low temps slow down or stop photosynthesis
● Intensity of light - increasing light intensity increases the rate of photosynthesis - plants eventually reach their maximum rate of photosynthesis
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And Now……….
• THE PHOTOSYNTHESIS RAP!• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pE82qtKS
SH4&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active
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A. chloroplasts
B. Golgi apparatus
C. mitochondria
D. vacuoles
Where in the plant cell does photosynthesis take place?
Cellular Energy
8.2 Formative Questions
Chapter 8
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STOP!
• Using the cards provided, at your lab table, assemble the equation for photosynthesis with your lab partner(s).
• On a piece of paper, each person should draw a diagram of a plant showing the typical inputs and outputs of the photosynthetic process with your lab partner (s).
• Write the equation for photosynthesis on the paper as well.