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Slide 1KES-B Project Final Presentation – ESRIN, Frascatti, 6th April 2005Slide 1KES for DSS in Control Rooms – CESADS(KES) Case Study at ESA/ESOC
Knowledge Enabled Services (KES)for
Decision Support in Control Rooms.
The CESADS(KES) Case Study at ESA/ESOC.
FR1.3-5I Javier Busto, GTD Sistemas de Información
iCALEPCS 2005 ConferenceGeneva, 10-14 Oct 2005
gtd SISTEMAS DE INFORMACIÓN
Slide 2KES-B Project Final Presentation – ESRIN, Frascatti, 6th April 2005Slide 2KES for DSS in Control Rooms – CESADS(KES) Case Study at ESA/ESOC
Outline
• Context• Addressed Problem• Methods & Solution Approach• Results• Conclusions
Slide 3KES-B Project Final Presentation – ESRIN, Frascatti, 6th April 2005Slide 3KES for DSS in Control Rooms – CESADS(KES) Case Study at ESA/ESOC
Context The European Space Agency (ESA), from its Space Operations Center (ESOC) located in Darmstad (Germany), is able to operate up to 15 Spacecraft (S/C) missions in paralel, using a worldwide network of Ground Stations (G/S) called the European Space Tracking Network, ESTRACK.
ESA/ESOCSpace Operations Center
(Darmstad, Germany)
Kiruna(Sweden)
Redu(Belgium)
Kourou(French Guiana) Villafranca
(Spain)
Perth(Australia)Malindi
(Kenya)
ESTRACK
New missions, specially low-orbit ones like ENVISAT, with high frequency of pass over the G/S lead to critical and knowledge intensive tasks to the mission control operators, posing a stressed and limiting scenario.
During S/C Mission Control lifecycle, one of the most impacting problems is that of the Space Link (S/L) loss.
Slide 4KES-B Project Final Presentation – ESRIN, Frascatti, 6th April 2005Slide 4KES for DSS in Control Rooms – CESADS(KES) Case Study at ESA/ESOC
Outline
• Context• Addressed Problem• Methods & Solution Approach• Results• Conclusions
Slide 5KES-B Project Final Presentation – ESRIN, Frascatti, 6th April 2005Slide 5KES for DSS in Control Rooms – CESADS(KES) Case Study at ESA/ESOC
Adressed Problem• In particular: to build a Centralised ESTRACK Anomaly and
Diagnostic System (CESADS), to support ESOC/ESTRACK operators in its tasks.
• CESADS goals:– End-to-End Space Link (S/L) Monitoring and Diagnostics– Integrated Supervision of Independent Systems Status
• Mission Control System (MCS), • G/S Monitoring & Control System (CSMC), • Network Management System (NMS), • Flight Dynamics (FOCC).
– S/L Knowledge Management: Capture, Maintain, and Apply the Knowledge of the experts.
– Reduce Operator Stress by providing with integrated monitoring, diagnostic and troubleshooting guidelines.
• In general: the problem of Decision Support in Control Rooms, and the Knowledge Enabled Services (KES) approach.
Slide 6KES-B Project Final Presentation – ESRIN, Frascatti, 6th April 2005Slide 6KES for DSS in Control Rooms – CESADS(KES) Case Study at ESA/ESOC
Outline
• Context• Addressed Problem• Methods & Solution Approach• Results• Conclusions
Slide 7KES-B Project Final Presentation – ESRIN, Frascatti, 6th April 2005Slide 7KES for DSS in Control Rooms – CESADS(KES) Case Study at ESA/ESOC
Methods & Solution Approach• Development Methodologies:
– Knowledge Engineering: CommonsKADS– Software Engineering Agile methods: Rational, DSDM.
• Knowledge Technologies applied:– For K.Representation (K.R.):
• For Domain Knowledge: Frame based models (leading to Ontologies)• For Inference Knowledge: Declarative Production Rules• For Uncertainty handling: Fuzzy Logic
– For K. Acquisition (K.Acq.)• Manually, with domain experts supported by a forms-based K.Acq.Tool.• Automatic learning, on the basis of enough historical log data and operators
feedback over the generated alarms.– For K.Application (K.App)
• Fuzzy Rule Base Reasoning Engines
• SW Tools & Architectures:– Protégé: Frame&Ontology modelling & KB system platform.– Jess & FuzzyJess: Reasoning engine– Java2 Enterprise Edition (J2EE) platform– RMI-based Observable-Observer pattern in Client-Server
communications
CommonKADS
Slide 8KES-B Project Final Presentation – ESRIN, Frascatti, 6th April 2005Slide 8KES for DSS in Control Rooms – CESADS(KES) Case Study at ESA/ESOC
Development Methodology: Combination CommonKADS + SW Agile Processes (RUP , DSDM)
RUPSystem
Development
RUPSystem
Development
RUPSystem
Development
cKADSKnowledge Management Knowledge Engineering
cKADSKnowledge Management Knowledge Engineering
Organisation ModelTask ModelAgent Model
Organisation ModelTask ModelAgent Model
Communication Model
Communication Model
Knowledge Model
Knowledge Model
task(s) selected in feasibility study and
further detailed in Task and Agent Models
knowledge-intensive task(s)
DesignModelDesignModel
requirements specification for interaction (control) functions
requirements specification for reasoning functions
Context Analysis Concept Analysis Artifact Analysis
Slide 9KES-B Project Final Presentation – ESRIN, Frascatti, 6th April 2005Slide 9KES for DSS in Control Rooms – CESADS(KES) Case Study at ESA/ESOC
Knowledge-intensive Task Types
CommonKADS classifies the knowledge-intensive tasks in two main groups:
• Analytic Task– Classification– Assessment– Diagnosis– Monitoring– Prediction
• Synthetic Task– Design– Modelling– Planning– Schedulling– Assignment
For each one, cKADS provides reference Knowledge Model Templates.
Slide 10KES-B Project Final Presentation – ESRIN, Frascatti, 6th April 2005Slide 10KES for DSS in Control Rooms – CESADS(KES) Case Study at ESA/ESOC
DiagnosticMonitoring
Template for Monitoring & Diagnosis tasksAdapted to knowledge techniques applied (fuzzy logic).
diagnosis
Verify
Additionalobservation
abstractionknowledge
Abstract
TransferFunction
DomainConcept
Inference
Imported crispy variables
fuzzyfication
InitialObservation
abstractionknowledgeAbstract
Import
Initialparameters
Imported variables
In fuzzy terms
Fuzzy Sets
Abnormalityobservation
Normalityobservation
behaviourknowledge
Detect
Fuzzy inference
Indicators
hypothesis
causeknowledge
Hypothesize
Possible causes for a problem(vector of hypothsis)
Additionalparameters
associationknowledge Specify
Import
What can verify the hypothesis?
Slide 11KES-B Project Final Presentation – ESRIN, Frascatti, 6th April 2005Slide 11KES for DSS in Control Rooms – CESADS(KES) Case Study at ESA/ESOC
Design Model: Pattern of a Knowledge Based System
A typical KBS is composed of three main elements:
• A Knowledge Acquisition Tool,
• A Knowledge Base, having Domain Knowledge and Inference Knowledge,
• A set of Problem Solving Methods (PSM), having appropriate Inference Engines, and effectively operating over the Aplication Domain (operational) data.
ApplicationOperationDatabase
Problem Solving Methods (PSM)
InferenceEngines
InferenceEngines
ProductionRule engine
Experts
Operate over
CBRengine
DomainKnowledge
Structure Behaviour
InferenceKnowledge
ProductionRules
CaseBase
Knowledge Base (KB)
Operators
Jess Tool
Monitoring Tool
load
Knowledge Acquisition Tool(based on Protege)
Operation Console
Slide 12KES-B Project Final Presentation – ESRIN, Frascatti, 6th April 2005Slide 12KES for DSS in Control Rooms – CESADS(KES) Case Study at ESA/ESOC
Development Phases: 3 iterations following the DSDM Agile Methodology approach.
CESADSConcept
Design Prototype:Single-mission (Envisat)Simulated systems interface (CSMC, MCS, NMS, etc)Integrated MonitoringRule-Based Inference
Operational Prototype:Single-mission (Envisat)Real systems interface (CSMC, MCS, NMS, etc)Integrated MonitoringKnowledge ManagementRule-Based InferenceBasic Diagnosis
CESADS Concept: Multi-mission Multiple Systems Interface Integrated Monitoring Enhanced Knowledge Mngt. Enhanced Diagnosis Variety of Inference Methods Configurable Scalable
CESADS Project Scope
Functional Prototype
Scope & feasibilityTechs demonstration.
Functional Prototype:Knowledge ElicitationcKADS Knowledge ModelProblem Solving Methods prototype, Inference Engines
Design PrototypeSW design & development
Operational Prototype
Integration in contextTests&Validation
Slide 13KES-B Project Final Presentation – ESRIN, Frascatti, 6th April 2005Slide 13KES for DSS in Control Rooms – CESADS(KES) Case Study at ESA/ESOC
Outline
• Context• Addressed Problem• Methods & Solution Approach• Results: The CESADS Testbed
Prototype• Conclusions
Slide 14KES-B Project Final Presentation – ESRIN, Frascatti, 6th April 2005Slide 14KES for DSS in Control Rooms – CESADS(KES) Case Study at ESA/ESOC
Results: The CESADS Testbed Prototype System
ESOC
G/S
ESA InternalLAN
ESOC SystemsESOC
Systems
CSLAM
!
CMAT
CKAE
CRET
CESADS SystemCESADS System
CESADS Clients
CESADS Clients
CESADS S/L Anomaly and Monitoring Tool
CESADS Management Tool
CESADS Knowledge Acquisition Tool
CESADS Reporting Tool
CESADS Server
CESADS Server
Slide 15KES-B Project Final Presentation – ESRIN, Frascatti, 6th April 2005Slide 15KES for DSS in Control Rooms – CESADS(KES) Case Study at ESA/ESOC
-min_value : value_type-max_value : value_type-frequency-units
Variable
FuzzySet
-status-name : String-description : String
Element
1
*
-status-gradedValues-expert_help : String-firedCounter : Integer-OKfired : Integer-KOfired : Integer
Indicator
-name : String-description : String-applicability : operational_phases-sampling_rate : Integer-status : status
Process
-input_parameters : Parameter-output_parameters : Indicator
Inference Process
-ip_source : String-path_source : String-output_parameters : Variable
Import Process11..*
1
*
-status-name : String-description : String-value_type-rawValue : value_type-fuzzyValue : FuzzySet-generator : Process
System Parameter
Is generated
1 1
-knowledge base
Rule Set
-inference1
-static knowledge1
-ruleID
Rule1
1
Is generated
1*
Knowledge Model: Behaviour & Workflows •Elements (CSMC, SEVT, NMS…)•System Parameters (Variables and Indicators)•Variables (throughput, delay, TM_Counter…)•Indicators (TC_Ind, throughput_Indicator, Network_Status…)•Rule Sets: System
ParameterIndicator
systembehaviour
indicates
1..* 1
Slide 16KES-B Project Final Presentation – ESRIN, Frascatti, 6th April 2005Slide 16KES for DSS in Control Rooms – CESADS(KES) Case Study at ESA/ESOC
C-SLAM: S/L Monitoring & Analyis Client tool Synoptic View
Event Log.
Time and Events.Start-End of the Pass:AOS: Acquisition of Signal.LOS: Loss of Signal
ESTRACK Top-Level Indicators
Slide 17KES-B Project Final Presentation – ESRIN, Frascatti, 6th April 2005Slide 17KES for DSS in Control Rooms – CESADS(KES) Case Study at ESA/ESOC
C-SLAM: S/L Monitoring & Analyis Client tool Indicators Table View, with Alarm System Explanation
Form to acquire formal (ontology-enabled) feedback from the Operator.
Fired Rules that produced the alarm, and input Parameters originating that firing.
Table of indicators generated by the system.
Slide 18KES-B Project Final Presentation – ESRIN, Frascatti, 6th April 2005Slide 18KES for DSS in Control Rooms – CESADS(KES) Case Study at ESA/ESOC
C-KAE: Knowledge Acquisition Tool (1/8) Domain Abstraction Knowledge: Vocabulary of Fuzzy Sets & Fuzzy Terms
Catalogue of FuzzySets for the abstraction in (Fuzzy Terms) of the Parameters (Variables&Indicators)
Enabling the mapping of quantitative values of parameters, into qualitative fuzzy terms (fuzzyfication).
E.g.: Fuzzy Terms for networkLatency concept.
Slide 19KES-B Project Final Presentation – ESRIN, Frascatti, 6th April 2005Slide 19KES for DSS in Control Rooms – CESADS(KES) Case Study at ESA/ESOC
C-KAE: Knowledge Acquisition Tool (2/8): Domain Structure Knowledge: Hierarchy of Elements & subElements in the domain.
4 main subElements compose ESTRACK
Modelling the hierarchy of Elements and its associated Parameters (external imported Variables and inferenced Indicators).
6 main (highlevel) indicators have been define to monitor ESTRACK.
Slide 20KES-B Project Final Presentation – ESRIN, Frascatti, 6th April 2005Slide 20KES for DSS in Control Rooms – CESADS(KES) Case Study at ESA/ESOC
C-KAE: Knowledge Acquisition Tool (3/8) : Domain Structure Knowledge: Paremeters associated to the Elements
Fuzzy Sets selected to represent the values of the parameters.
Modeling the Parameters, using the fuzzy sets abstraction knowledge.
Settings colors for display.
Slide 21KES-B Project Final Presentation – ESRIN, Frascatti, 6th April 2005Slide 21KES for DSS in Control Rooms – CESADS(KES) Case Study at ESA/ESOC
C-KAE: Knowledge Acquisition Tool (4/8) : Domain Behaviour Knowledge: ProcessesModeling the unitary Processes (Import or Transformation/Reasoning) that can be executed by the system.
Highest level SpaceLinkFuzzyInferenceSystem process.
Processes defined:7 Data Import processes6 Fuzzy Inference Processes
Slide 22KES-B Project Final Presentation – ESRIN, Frascatti, 6th April 2005Slide 22KES for DSS in Control Rooms – CESADS(KES) Case Study at ESA/ESOC
C-KAE: Knowledge Acquisition Tool (5/8): Domain Behaviour Knowledge: Workflows
Two main workflows:During PrePass-PhaseDuring Pass-Phase
Defining the workflows of processes, to be executed during the different operational phases.
Processes to be executed by this workflow.
Sub-Workflows can be chained.
Parent workflow.
Slide 23KES-B Project Final Presentation – ESRIN, Frascatti, 6th April 2005Slide 23KES for DSS in Control Rooms – CESADS(KES) Case Study at ESA/ESOC
Rule edition panel.
C-KAE: Knowledge Acquisition Tool (6/8) : Behaviour (Inference) Knowledge: Rulesets of the Fuzzy Inference Processes.
Rule sets.
Slide 24KES-B Project Final Presentation – ESRIN, Frascatti, 6th April 2005Slide 24KES for DSS in Control Rooms – CESADS(KES) Case Study at ESA/ESOC
C-KAE: Knowledge Acquisition Tool (7/8) : Validation of Knowledge Consistency: Protégé Axiom Language (PAL) rulesChecking that Domain Knowledge settings and Inference Rules are consistent.
Consistency rule description and code.
PAL is analogue to what represents be OCL in a UML model.
Protege allows to define and execute Constraint rules over the Frame based model.
Slide 25KES-B Project Final Presentation – ESRIN, Frascatti, 6th April 2005Slide 25KES for DSS in Control Rooms – CESADS(KES) Case Study at ESA/ESOC
All Acquired Knowledge is Stored in an XML-based schemas, and loaded into the CESADS-Server system, in a SQL database.
When the C-Server is started, it creates all the Processes Threads agents, and starts the execution of the controlling workflows.
Then, it is ready to serve the Parameter Objects to which C-SLAM monitoring& diagnostic client application can subscribe to.
C-KAE: Knowledge Acquisition Tool (8/8) : Storing and loading Knowledge Model into the CESADS-Server.
Slide 26KES-B Project Final Presentation – ESRIN, Frascatti, 6th April 2005Slide 26KES for DSS in Control Rooms – CESADS(KES) Case Study at ESA/ESOC
Outline
• Context• Addressed Problem• Methods & Solution Approach• Results• Conclusions
Slide 27KES-B Project Final Presentation – ESRIN, Frascatti, 6th April 2005Slide 27KES for DSS in Control Rooms – CESADS(KES) Case Study at ESA/ESOC
Conclusions• CommonKADS has been proved as a valid Knowledge Management and Engineering
methodology.
• Knowledge technologies provide added value to the CESADS Adressed Problems:– Knowledge Formalisation: Frame Based systems, Ontologies.– Rule Based Inference Production Engine– Fuzzy Logic Rules.
Successful generation of high-level qualitative indicators, providing an integrated view of a big system (ESTRACK).
• Evolution: however, more AI technologies (particularly that of the Ontologies) are arriving to the IT mainstream (SemanticWeb vision), and therefore a deep platform evolution is envisioned, towards a concept of:
“Knowledge Enabled Services (KES) Grid for Decision Support”.
… as follows:
Slide 28KES-B Project Final Presentation – ESRIN, Frascatti, 6th April 2005Slide 28KES for DSS in Control Rooms – CESADS(KES) Case Study at ESA/ESOC
XMLWeb
InternetGrounding, Foundations
Enterprise PlatformsTechnology
J2EE .NET
WebServicesTechnology
BPEL
SOAPWSDLUDDI ebXML
Technology Umbrellas
TechnologyStandards
Technology Components
E-Gov Network Centric
Operations(NCO)
E-Science AmbientInteligence
E-BusinessE-CommerceTargetted
Needs
ECMCRMERPBI
Typical Business Solutions
SemanticTechnology
RDFOWL
Web-based “Knowledge Enabled Services (KES) Grid” PlatformWebServices Business Process Mngt.Semantic Web Grid Computing
GridTechnology
OGSA
WS-IWS-RF
Distributed Computing
CollaborativeEnvironment
GlobusToolkit-4
Middleware& integration
ApplicationServers
EAIESB
SWS (OWL-S, WSMO)
ServiceRegistries
ServiceOrchestration
SOA
Ontologies
Metadata &Semantic ContentAnnotation
Information Exploitation chain
Knowledge Represent.& Sharing
Conclusion in terms of SW Evolution for KES platformsConvergence of major tech branches into a “KES-Grid” platform concept.Key role of Semantic Web & Ontologies, and particularly the W3C´s RDF/OWL-XML languages, as enabler of a semantic interoperability layer, and sharable knowledge representation.
Frameworks
Academy Institutional IndustryDefense&Security
PrivatePublicResearch CommercialStakeholders
RDF&OWL are being integrated as specific application components, but also enabling extension of other web-based communication and control protocols.
Slide 29KES-B Project Final Presentation – ESRIN, Frascatti, 6th April 2005Slide 29KES for DSS in Control Rooms – CESADS(KES) Case Study at ESA/ESOC
• CommonKADS approaches (Knowledge Intensive Tasks analysis, Knowledge Models Templates, Libraries of Problem Solving Methods) can be migrated to these new state-or-art technology landscape:– Domain Knowledge to be represented with RDF/OWL ontologies.– Domain Behaviour as workflows based on WS-BPEL, chaining distribued &
loosely coupled inference engines that shall be view as webservices.– Domain Elements that are provide useful Parameters for the Monitoring and
Diagnostic task, can publish parameters semantically annotated (e.g., RSS feeds)
• Used tools (Protégé, Jena) support this migration:– Protégé is most-widely use ontology modelling tool.– It integrates Jena (from HP Laps) to support OWL & RDF– JESS is evolving, last version now with an IDE based on Eclipse plugin.
• Thus going towards the combination of benefits of the well founded cKADS Knowledge Engineering methodology, toguether with the emerging benefits of the Semantic Service Oriented Architectures.
Conclusion in terms of SW Evolution for KES platformsCommonKADS approaches over a KES-Grid platform concept.
Slide 30KES-B Project Final Presentation – ESRIN, Frascatti, 6th April 2005Slide 30KES for DSS in Control Rooms – CESADS(KES) Case Study at ESA/ESOC
Questions and Answers
Thank You
Javier Busto, GTD Sistemas de Información, Email: [email protected];
Javier Varas, GTD Sistemas de Información, Email: [email protected] ;
Contacts: