11.5 Kingdom Plantae-Bryophytes Pteridophytes 1 Hour .Pptnew
Transcript of 11.5 Kingdom Plantae-Bryophytes Pteridophytes 1 Hour .Pptnew
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BIODIVERSITY
Power point@lecture Slides Are Prepared By Biology Lecturer, KMPk
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11.5 KINGDOM PLANTAE
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11.5.1 Bryophytes11.5.2 Pteridophytes
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PREVIOUS LESSON11.4 Kingdom Fungi
• Unique characteristics-Eukaryotes-Most are multicellular, but yeasts are
unicellular-Non-motile-Non-photosynthetic (lack chlorophyll)
• Classification:-Zygomycota (Rhizopus)-Ascomycota (Penicillium,Saccharomyces)-Basidiomycota (Agaricus)
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OBJECTIVESAt the end of the lesson, students shouldbe able to:
•Describe unique characteristics of Plantae
•Classify Plantae into: • Bryophytes• Pteridophytes• Gymnosperms• Angiosperms
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OBJECTIVES• Describe the unique characteristics of Bryophytes
• State the classification of phyla Bryophytes into three phyla:
• Phylum Bryophyta (Polytrichum sp.)• Phylum Hepatophyta (Marchantia sp.)• Phylum Anthocerophyta (Anthoceros
sp.)• Describe the sexual life cycle of Polytrichum sp. to show alternation of generation.
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OBJECTIVES•Describe the unique characteristics of Pteridophytes
•State the classification of Pteridophytes into two phyla:
Phylum Lycopodiophyta (Lycopodium sp.)
Phylum Pteridophyta (Dryopteris sp.)
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11.5 KINGDOM PLANTAE
Multicellular
Autotrophic• Photosynthesis
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS
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Alternation of generations • Two multicellular individuals alternate, each
producing the other.
-Sporophyte : diploid(2n) generationProduces haploid spores by meiosis
-Gametophyte : haploid(n) generationProduces gametes
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Plants can be divided into 2 groups:• Non-vascular
-Lack vascular tissue-Leafy or thalloid appearance-No true roots, stems and leaves
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• Vascular-Have vascular tissue that
transports water and nutrients -xylem transports water -phloem transport dissolved
substances
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4 major groups of plants:-Bryophytes-Pteridophytes-Gymnosperm-Angiosperm
Vascular plants
Non-vascular plants
CLASSIFICATION
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11.5.1 BRYOPHYTES
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11.5.1 BRYOPHYTES
Simplest group of land plantsLive in damp, shady places
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS
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Non-vascular plants• Lack specialized vascular tissues
-Rely on diffusion and osmosis
-Whole surface of the plant can absorb needed nutrients
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Seedless plants-Produce haploid spores
Restricted in size• Very small (1-2 cm in height) -Make sure all cells could obtain
enough nutrients
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No true roots, stems and leaves-Anchored by rhizoids
• Tiny, hair-like structures• Not composed of tissues• Lack specialized conducting cells• Do not play a primary role in water and
mineral absorption
-Have flat, broad tissues that function like leaves
• contain chloroplasts for photosynthesis
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Alternation of generations:-Gametophyte generation is
dominant-Sporophyte
• Attached and dependent upon the gametophyte for nutrition
• Smaller and shorter-lived
-Have the smallest and simplest sporophytes
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Gametophyte produced:Antheridia : male Archegonia : female
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ClassificationBRYOPHYTES
PHYLUM HEPATOPHYTA
PHYLUM BRYOPHYTA
Marchantia sp. Polytrichum sp.
PHYLUM ANTHOCEROPHY
TAAnthoceros sp.
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Capsule
Seta
Gametophyte
Sporophyte
-Polytrichum sp.PHYLUM BRYOPHYTA
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-Marchantia sp.
Male gametophyte
Female gametophyte
PHYLUM HEPATOPHYTA
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Marchantia sp.Antheridia(p)/Antheridium (s)
Female gametophyte
Archegonia (p)/ Archegonium (s)
Thallus Rhizoid
Gemmae cup
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Anthoceros sp.
Sporophyte
Gametophyte
PHYLUM ANTHOCEROPHY
TA
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Life Cycle of Polytrichum sp.
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Life Cycle of Polytrichum sp.
1. Multicellular gametangia are formed at the tips of the leafy gametophytes .
2. Female gametangia (archegonia) produce a single egg.
3. Male gametangia (antheridia) produce numerous sperms.
4. When sperm are released from an antheridium, they swim with the aid of flagella through rainwater to the archegonia.
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Life Cycle of Polytrichum sp.
5. One haploid sperm fertilized with a haploid egg, forming a diploid zygote.
6. The zygote divide by mitosis and develops into the diploid sporophyte ( a stalk with a capsule or sporangium).
7. Spore mother cells within the sporangium undergo meiosis, producing haploid spores.
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Life Cycle of Polytrichum sp.
8. Matured sporangium releases spores and spores germinate and grow using mitosis, into protonema (pl. protonemata)
9. Protonemata develop into new gametophytes plants.
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Terrestrial Adaptation• Drying out
A sterile jacket developed around antheridia and archaegonia which prevent them from drying out
• ReproductionDelicate sex cells must be protected
-Gametangium
• Gaseous exchangePresence of stomata facilitate the
movement of gasses such as CO2 and O2 in and out through the cuticle
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11.5.2 PTERIDOPHYTES
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11.5.2 PTERIDOPHYTES
• Seedless vascular plants– Produce spores
• Has true roots, stems and leaves
Unique Characteristics
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• Lignified vascular tissues– Transport system– Support
• Non flowering
• Photosynthetic
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• Alternation of generation– Sporophyte• Vascular tissues occur • Dominant• More conspicuous
– Gametophyte• Reduced to a small, • simple structure
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Types of Spore…
• Homosporous– Plants producing one type
of spore
– Develops into a bisexual gametophyte with both archegonia and antheridia
– Eg: Lycopodium sp.
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• Heterosporous– Plants producing 2 types of spores• Megaspores– Large spores ----- female gametophyte
• Microspores– Small spores ----- male gametophyte
– Eg: Selaginella sp.
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Megasporophyll
Microsporophyll
Megasporangium
Microsporangium
Megaspores
Microspores
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Classification
1. Phylum Lycopodiophyta(Lycopodiumsp. Selaginella sp.)
2. Phylum Pteridophyta( Dryopteris sp. )
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Lycopodium sp.
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Dryopteris sp.
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NEXT LECTURE
11.5.3 Gymnosperms
11.5.4 Angiosperms