1/13 Focus: 1/13 Focus: – Through conquest and social change, Charlemagne brought much of western...
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Transcript of 1/13 Focus: 1/13 Focus: – Through conquest and social change, Charlemagne brought much of western...
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• 1/13 Focus:1/13 Focus:– Through conquest and social change,
Charlemagne brought much of western Europe together in a single empire
• Important Terms: Important Terms: – Holy Roman EmperorHoly Roman Emperor
• Do Now:Do Now: – Explain why feudalism developed in
Europe?
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The Middle AgesThe Middle Ages
The Frankish KingsThe Frankish Kings
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Impact of Germanic Impact of Germanic Invasions and Collapse of Invasions and Collapse of
RomeRome• Roman
Empire replaced by small kingdoms throughout western Europe
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Germanic KingdomsGermanic Kingdoms
RomeRome• Loyalty to public
government and law
Germanic TribesGermanic Tribes• Loyalty based on
family ties and personal loyalties
• Chiefs led bands of warriors who pledged loyalty to him
• Lived in small communities
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The FranksThe Franks• Germanic tribe
that controlled Gaul – France
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Clovis IClovis I
• Frankish king – Part of the
Merovingian Dynasty
• Converted to Christianity in 496 – Allied with the
Catholic Church
• Took over Gaul • Died in 511
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The FranksThe Franks• Clovis I – Frankish King– Converted to
Christianity in 496– Allied with the
Church • Church supported
military campaigns against other Germanic tribes
• Clovis converted other Germanic tribes to Christianity
• Church gains political power
Ivory carving of Clovis converting to Christianity. He is
being baptized by a bishop
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Charles Martel Charles Martel
• Was a major domo in the Frankish Kingdom– “mayor of the palace” – very powerful advisor
to rulers– commanded the army
and made policy• “Charles the Hammer”
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Charles Martel Charles Martel
• Muslim invaders had moved into Spain – Wanted to spread
Islam into W. Europe
• Martel defeats Muslim army (Moors) at the Battle of Tours in 732 AD
• Stopped the advance of Islam into Europe
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Pepin the ShortPepin the Short
• Son of Charles Martel
• Becomes King of the Franks in 751
• Starts the Carolingian Dynasty – Family ruled from
751-987
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CharlemagneCharlemagne
• Son of Pepin • Ruled from 768-814
AD• Built an empire that
included modern day France, Germany, and part of Italy
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CharlemagneCharlemagne• Cooperation with the
Church – Comes to the aid of
Pope Leo III• Papal States were under
attack from Lombards– Territory in Italy under
the Pope’s Control
• Defeats the Lombards
• Crowned “Holy Roman Emperor” by the Pope Dec. 25, 800 AD
• Worked to spread Christianity
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• 1/12 Focus:1/12 Focus:– Charlemagne was able to rule a large
empire because of his strong personality, his powerful centralized government, and his effective military strategies.
• Do Now:Do Now: – Explain why Charles Martel’s victory at
the Battle of Tours is a significant historical event.
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CharlemagneCharlemagne• United large parts of Europe– Appointed nobles to rule parts of the
empire• Gave land in return for defense• Early feudalism
• Established written code of laws • Cultural Revival – Promoted education– Worked with monks to expand libraries and
preserve ancient writings
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CharlemagneCharlemagne
• Empire fell apart after his death in 814 – Europe falls
back into disunity
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Closure Closure
• Identify two ways that Charlemagne sought to restore order in Europe