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Plant Life CyclesPlant Life Cycles

Chapter #2

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What is a Life Cycle?What is a Life Cycle?

• from the time a seed is planted until a seed is produced

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What are the Life Cycles?What are the Life Cycles?

• Annuals, Biennials, & Perennials

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AnnualAnnual

• complete life cycle in one growing season

• can be summer annuals (spring wheat, barley) or winter annuals (winter wheat)

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BiennialsBiennials

• require two growing seasons to produce seed

• first season plant produces vegetation, second season seed (sugar beet, carrot)

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PerennialsPerennials

indefinite growth, can produce seed annually (grasses, trees, shrubs, onion)

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What is a Seed?What is a Seed?

• package containing an embryo (miniature plant) and food

• seeds are alive, need air

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What is Germination?What is Germination?

• process where embryo changes to seedling (growing plant)

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What conditions are What conditions are necessary for necessary for germination?germination?

1) moisture

2) correct temperature

3) air

4) some seeds need light

5) some seeds need help (break seed coat [sunflower], remove a chemical from seed, heat, chill [winter wheat])

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What are Warm Season What are Warm Season Crops?Crops?

• soil temperature must be 70 degrees F or more for germination (corn, rice, cotton, melons)

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What are Cool Season What are Cool Season Crops?Crops?

• soil temp below 70 degrees F (wheat, barley, beets)

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How deep do seeds need How deep do seeds need to be planted?to be planted?

• the size of the seed determines

• larger seed = deeper

• corn = 4"

• bluegrass = 1/4"

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Germination ProcessGermination Process

1) seed absorbs water, swells

2) water activates enzymes which help digest stored food

3) root grows

4) shoot emerges (is now a seedling)

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What is vegetative What is vegetative growth?growth?

• plant produces food for itself

• extra food is stored in roots, stems, etc.

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What is Tillering What is Tillering (Stooling)?(Stooling)?

• when new stems are formed in grass plants

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What is Jointing?What is Jointing?

• stems of grass plants elongate rapidly

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What is Respiration?What is Respiration?

• process how plants get energy from its stored food

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How is food stored in How is food stored in plants?plants?

• form of carbohydrates (sugars)

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How does respiration How does respiration work?work?

Food + Oxygen --> Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy

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What factors can influence What factors can influence the rate of respiration?the rate of respiration?

1) high temps = high rate of respiration

2) high amounts of light = high rate

3) high amounts of water = high rate

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What is Photosynthesis?What is Photosynthesis?

• process of converting water and carbon dioxide into food (sugar) and oxygen in the presence of chlorophyll and light

• photosynthesis and respiration are opposite cycles

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What is Transpiration?What is Transpiration?

• process of returning water to the air (in the form of gas)

• 99% of water taken in by roots is transpired

• Wilt = plant transpires more than it takes in

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What are Nutrients?What are Nutrients?

• elements needed by plants to grow

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What are Macronutrients?What are Macronutrients?

• needed in large amounts

• C, H, O, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S)

• plants get C, H, O from air and water

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What are Primary What are Primary Nutrients?Nutrients?

• N, P, K

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What are Secondary What are Secondary Nutrients?Nutrients?

• Ca, Mg, S

• needed less

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What are Micronutrients?What are Micronutrients?

• needed in small amounts, but essential

• excess amounts are toxic

• Fe, Bo, Mn, Zn, Mo, Cu, Cl

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16 Essential Nutrients16 Essential Nutrients

• C HOPKNS CaFe Mg B Mn CuZn ClMo

• C Hopkins Café Managed By Mine Cousin Clomo

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