11/19/12 West Africa
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Transcript of 11/19/12 West Africa
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
11/19/12 West Africa
Objective: Describe the impact of the spread of Islam and list 4 locations where the religion spread other than the Middle East•Do Now: List 4 locations where Islam spread between 600-1400 CE•Middle East Conflict?•West Africa•Mali in the News
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Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
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Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Modern States with a Sizable Muslim Population
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
India- Turks/Delhi SultanateWest Africa
Anatolia/Turkey
Spain- Cordoba
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
The Abbasid Empire at Its Peak
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Late Abbasid Eras
• Abbasid empire weakened, 9th-13th centuries– Extravagance – Shi’a revolts and assignation attempts– Succession not secure- led to civil war– Decline in position of women
Harems, veil, upper class forces to stay in home, slaves were more educated- polygamy -
– Nomadic attacks Buyaids then Seljuk Turks took Baghdad• Turks purged Shia and added strength to defend against Egypt
and Byzantines
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Interactive Map Spread of Islam
• http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/hss/SSA_SHARED_MEDIA_1/history/MHL/WW/interactiveMaps/Expansion_of_Islam/Expansion_of_Islam.htm
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Baghdad
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Achievements in the Sciences
•Math–Built on Greek work
•Chemistry–Experimentation–Specific weights
•Map making• Paper making, silk, ceramic pottery
– Captured Chinese who knew how to make paper)
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Did Arab conquerors reach a “natural” limit (I) to expansion due to geography?- Taurus mountains/Hindu Kush/Pyrenees
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Spain- Cordoba
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
12th Century
school of astronomy
and chemistry
at Cordoba(Spain)
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Early tolerance for Christians, and Hebrews
Lots of interaction and learning
Many Christians adopted culture but not Islam
Tension rose with Crusades and Reconquista
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Christian Crusades
• 1099 Jerusalem is taken (Muslims face political divisions and are taken by surprise)–Jews and Muslims are massacred
• Saladin- unites Muslims and retakes lands–Last of 8 crusades 1291
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Impact Christian Crusades•Muslim World- little impact
• Europe- hard to say because of interactions with Muslim Spain–Weapons damascene swords–Techniques for building fortifications–Physicians–Recovery of Greek learning–Arabic numerals (Indian numerals)–Rugs/cloth–Foods- dates, coffee, yogurt
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
The Spread of Islam,10th-16th Centuries
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Anatolia/Turkey
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Anatolia
• Turks invaded Anatolia the same time as India
• Sufi missionaries- replaced Christian institutions
• Large conversions 90% by 1500– Smaller population- but large Turkish settlement– Destruction of Byzantine society– Social benefits to conversion
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
India- Turks/Delhi Sultanate
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Political Divisions and the First Muslim Invasions
• First as traders, 8th century
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Patterns of Conversion
• Converts especially among Buddhists, lower castes, untouchables– Also, conversion to escape taxes
• Muslims fleeing Mongols, 13th, 14th centuries
• High-caste Hindus remain apart– Muslims also often fail to integrate
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
The Coming of Islam to South Asia (India)
• By 1200, Muslims rule much of north, central•Conflict between two different systems
–Hindu religion v. Muslim monotheism–Muslim egalitarianism v. Indian caste system
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Early Islam in
India
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Indian Influences on Islamic Civilization
• Science, math, medicine, music, astronomy---ZERO!!!!!– India influences Arab world!!!!
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Stand-off: The Muslim Presence in India at the End of the Sultanate Period
• Brahmins v. ulama (Scholars)– Separate communities
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
West Africa
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Trans-Sahara Trade (click for video)
►Ghana, Mali, and Songhai were powerful trading kingdoms ruled by monarchs Drew upon trade
wealth, slaves Like East Africa:
cosmopolitan, urban, visitors, Islam
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Peaceful – not conquest- traders
Mostly Urban
Provided leaders with legitimacy
Timbuktu – 150 schools/ libraries
Arabic becomes the language of trade No Sharia or Islamic law!!!
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
West Africa Mali