11/11/20131 | Tourism and Peace Myths, Realities & Progress Omar Moufakkir Stenden University The...
-
Upload
landon-steele -
Category
Documents
-
view
216 -
download
2
Transcript of 11/11/20131 | Tourism and Peace Myths, Realities & Progress Omar Moufakkir Stenden University The...
04/10/231 |
Tourism and PeaceMyths, Realities & ProgressOmar Moufakkir
Stenden UniversityThe Netherlands(31)[email protected]
University
UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTSAdopted by UN General Assembly Resolution 217A (III) of 10 December 1948
04/10/232 |
25 1 Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control. 04/10/233 |
252 Motherhood and childhood are entitled to special care and assistance. All children, whether born in or out of wedlock, shall enjoy the same social protection.
04/10/234 |
04/10/235 |
Based on enrolment data, about 72 million children of primary school age in the developing world were not in school in 2005; 57 per cent of them were girls.
Worldwide 121 million children out of education.
26 1 Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free, at least in the elementary and fundamental stages.
Nearly a billion people entered the 21st century unable to read a book or
sign their names.
04/10/236 |
1.2 billion people live on less than $1 a day
2.5 billion live on less than $2 a day
1.3 billion do not have access to clean water
According to UNICEF, 25,000 children die each day due to
poverty.
04/10/237 |
In US poverty rates in 2007 was 12.5%
non-Hispanic Whites (8.2%)
Blacks (24.5%)
Asians (10.2 %)
04/10/238 |
In 2005, the wealthiest 20% of the world accounted for 76.6% of total private consumption. The poorest
fifth just 1.5%:
No planet can survive half slave, half free, half engulfed in misery, half careening along the joys of an almost unlimited consumption –neither ecology, or our morality could survive such contrasts.
Lester B. Pearson, UN General Assembly President
04/10/239 |
The right to development is the measure of the respect of all other human rights. That should be our aim: a situation in which all individuals are enabled to maximize their potential, and to contribute to the evolution of society as a whole.
Kofi Annan, United Nations Secretary-General
04/10/2310 |
No world can claim to be developed as long as there is a world somewhere in this World that is underdeveloped.
04/10/2311 |
http://architecture.myninjaplease.com/wp-content/uploads/2006/12/dubai-towers-dubai.jpg
http://bespokecashmere.files.wordpress.com/2007/10/slums-3.jpg
Tourism - The World's Peace IndustryLouis D'Amore, 1988
Tourism: The World's Peace Industry? Stephen W. Litvin, 1998
EuphoriaDisbelief
SkepticismInterestBelief
04/10/2312 |
04/10/2313 |
http://www.kenya-golf-safaris.com/html/golf_in_kenya.html
Importance of tourism in developing countriesInternational receipts in US $billion
1990 2000 2007 Growth rate
World 264 474 856 224%
High income countries
221 352 597 170%
Developing countries 43 122 259 506%
04/10/2314 |
• In 2007, international tourism receipts in developing
countries grew to 30% of the world total
• Principal export sector in one third of the developing countries
• First source of foreign exchange earnings in most of the 49
LDC’s (excluding oil)
•Developing countries have valuable tourism resources and the› tourism activity has a strong potential of geographical› expansion including in remote areas› • The tourism supply chain has a high capacity to support and› complement other economic activities, such as traditional› agriculture, transport, handicraft› • Tourism is a labour intensive sector creating many
opportunities for youth and women› • Tourism is a sector where entry barriers for SME’s can be› quite low, and that can contribute to development in poor
areas› • Tourism can also have non material benefits like making› communities proud of their local culture, and appreciate their› natural environment
http://www.icptr.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/plenary-4-luigi-cabrini.pdf04/10/2315 |
Tourism contributes to development and poverty reduction (WTO)
We discovered that peace at any price is no peace at all. We discovered that life at any price has no value whatever; that life is nothing without the privileges, the prides, the rights, the joys which make it worth living, and also worth giving. And we also discovered that there is something more hideous, more atrocious than war or than death; and that is to live in fear.
Eve Curie, French author, speaking to the American Booksellers Association, New York, 9 April 1940
04/10/2316 |
There is more to peace than money
There is more to tourism than money
The missing link“tourism represents a vital force
for peace and a factor of friendship and understanding
among the peoples of the world”.
The Global Code of Ethics for Tourism
04/10/2318 |
What is Peace in our globalised world?
› Participatory peace: defined as a situation in which ordinary people as world citizens work together for global benefits (Moufakkir)
› Positive peace: defined as a situation wherein all the states in former conflict are working together for mutual benefit (Galtung)
› Negative peace: defined as nothing more than the absence of physical violence (seen most often at the onset of a United Nations enforced cease-fire)
Hie
rarc
hy o
f Pea
ce
Peace is a never-ending story
Hot p
eace
Cold
peace
Peace is reverence for life. Peace is the most precious possession of humanity. Peace is more than the end of armed conflict. Peace is a mode of behavior. Peace is a deep-rooted commitment to the principles of liberty, justice, equality and solidarity among all human beings. Peace is also a harmonious partnership of humankind with the environment. Today, on the eve of the twenty-first century, peace is within our reach.
(UNESCO, 1989)
04/10/2320 |
04/10/2321 |
If there is to be peace in the world,there must be peace in the nations.If there is to be peace in the nations,there must be peace in the cities.If there is to be peace in the cities,there must be peace between neighbors.If there is to be peace between neighbors,there must be peace in the home.If there is to be peace in the home,there must be peace in the heart.
by Lao-Tse, 604 BC(from Tao Te Ching)
04/10/2322 |
Peace is not the product of a victory or a command. It has no finishing line, no final
deadline, no fixed definition of achievement. Peace is a never-ending process, the work of many decisions.
Oscar Arias, Former President of Costa Rica and 1987 Nobel Peace Laureate
Peace - the word evokes the simplest and most cherished dream of humanity. Peace is, and has always been, the ultimate human aspiration. And yet our history overwhelmingly shows that while we speak incessantly of peace, our actions tell a very different story.Javier Perez de Cuellar
Since wars begin in the minds of men, it is in the minds of men that the defences of peace must be constructed
(Constitution of UNESCO, 1945, Preamble)
We need to teach for peace and not just about peace
Peace Education
04/10/2324 |
Established in 2005 as an initiative by the Israel hotel managers association and sponsored by the Peres Center for
peace
Creation of the forum aims to advance peace through tourism by strengthening dialogue and ties in the region
T4P Mission
Offering advanced solutions to mutual challenges and development of activities to strengthen economies and peaceful advancement in the region.
Working toward facilitating border crossings and obtaining freedom of movement of tourists and tourism professionals in the area, through lobbying and conducting meetings with relevant authorities in the region.
04/10/2325 |
04/10/2326 |
“No borders, no boundaries, no animosity; just
beautiful cultural experiences”
Rafi Baeri, VP Marketing and
Sales Dan Hotels Corp.
(Israel)
Raed S. Saadeh, President, Arab
(Palestinian) Hotel Association
“Tourism has no borders”
Elhamy ElZayat,
Chairman and
CEO EMECO Travel (Egypt)
“The most important thing about peace is
hope”
Chairman of the Board,
Jordan Hotel Association
“Tourism is key to
improving relations with
other”
04/10/2327 |
Janos Damon,
Executive Director, Israel Hotel Managers
Association (Israel)
“Tourism is hospitality, welcoming strangers,
getting to know people, developing friendships”
“It is very appropriate that the forum begin its conference in an
area known for its commitment to peace with the well known The
Hague Peace conference beginnings in the 1890s”
Klaas Wybo van der Hoek, Vice President
Stenden University (Netherlands)
› Joint marketing!› Joint training› Border crossing!› Destination image studies
04/10/2328 |
The working group’s reports
International Centre for Peace Through Tourism Research
› Mission Statement
We will work towards building bridges out of the walls that keep us apart
› We will promote analysis and initiatives that support peace through tourism, by means of research results dissemination and knowledge sharing with the academic community, government, NGOs, and the tourism and hospitality private sectors, and related tourism stakeholders.
› We will encourage debate about the place of tourism within peace and conflict studies, and participate in national and international networks that work on issues related to conflict management
www.icptr.com
04/10/2329 |
Academic research projects
› Role of tour guides in promoting peace between Israelis and Palestinians
› Social tourism and racialized boundaries in domestic tourism
› Ethics and demand for ethical tourism
› Interplay of immigration, stereotypes and tourism destination visitation
04/10/2330 |
Descriptors of Turks living in Germany
04/10/2331 |
Turks have different culture and religion
(mosques, kerchiefs)
Turks have Integration problems
Turks cannot speak German
Turks isolate themselves
Turks do not follow laws and rules
Turks are criminals
Turks are showing-off
Turks are aggressive
Turks oppress their women
Turks are not educated
Descriptors of the Turks living in Turkey
04/10/2332 |
Turks are friendly
Turks are hospitable
Turks are open-minded
Turks are more modern
Turks are less conservative
Turks have perspectives for the future
Turks are becoming more European
Turks don’t oppress their women that
much as in Germany
Turks do not represent the ‘problem
Turks have in Germany
Image that the Dutch have of the Moroccan community living in the Netherlands
Create problemsAre criminalsAre associated with crimeCreate unsafe atmosphereDo not respect Dutch lawAre fundamentalistsAre discriminatedAre negatively portrayed by mediaThey are too many in Holland
75%55%85%70%67%67%82%84%70%
Image that the Dutch have of the country Morocco
Are associated with violenceVery attached to their traditionsVery attached to their religionAre fundamentalistsAre negatively portrayed in mediaAre economically poor
67%91%80%69%72%87%
Women are oppressed by menWomen are oppressed by religionWomen must wear the hijab
85%82%76%
04/10/2335 |
“I heard the bad Turks are here and the good ones are over there”
I think the bad Moroccans are here and the worst ones are
over there!!
Familiarity with ethics in tourism
no yes
Familiar with ethical tourism
Swiss respondents
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Percentage
Yes No
South Africa
Germ
an
ySwitzerlandN
eth
erla
nd
s
Journal of Tourism and Peace Research
The main aim is to provide a peer-reviewed forum for the study and discussion of tourism and peace issues in tourism and tourism-related areas of leisure, recreation and hospitality studies
04/10/2338 |
BooK: Tourism, Progress and Peace
› Tourism has the potential to contribute to world peace. This is the most complex and yet basic idea that we are trying to promote and empirically verify
› Submissions should demonstrate how tourism can make a positive contribution to the objective of harmonious interpersonal and intercultural relationships
04/10/2339 |
Themes covered Country
Tourism and perception change: US and Mexico
Mexico
Tourism that erases borders Bosnia
Tourism and human rights Australia
Palestine and responsible tourism Palestinian Territories
Settlement of the Cyprus conflict Cyprus
Peace and tourism contexts Ireland
Intercultural understanding Croatia
South Korea and North Korea South Korea
Heritage, cooperation, and reconciliation Australia, Uganda
Encounter between Egyptian and Israeli in Sinai
Israel
Borders as tourism attractions Israel
Role of progress for peaceful coexistance India
Culture and impacts on developing countries
Netherlands
Ethics in Tourism Netherlands
Sport tourism as a peace-building tool US
Peace eco-tours and peace trails US
Weaving a culture of peace US
04/10/23
40 |
IIPT Credo of the Peaceful Traveller
› Grateful for the opportunity to travel and experience the world and because peace begins with the individual, I affirm my personal responsibility and commitment to: · Journey with an open mind and gentle heart · Accept with grace and gratitude the diversity I encounter · Revere and protect the natural environment which sustains all life · Appreciate all cultures I discover · Respect and thank my host for their welcome · Offer my hand in friendship to everyone I meet · Support travel services that share these views and act upon them and · By my spirit, words and actions, encourage others to travel the world in
peace. › http://www.iipt.org/chapters/australia/passporttopeace/
passporttopeace.html
04/10/2341 |
04/10/2342 |
Our peacelessness is multifaceted
It is rather socio-cultural It is rather socio-cultural
We are fighting against povertyWe are fighting against poverty
We are fighting against terror We are fighting against terror
We are fighting against environmental disastersWe are fighting against environmental disasters
We are fighting against racism We are fighting against racism
We are fighting against We are fighting against orthodoxy/fundamentalism orthodoxy/fundamentalism
We are fighting against alienation We are fighting against alienation
We are fighting against discrimination We are fighting against discrimination
We are fighting against prejudice We are fighting against prejudice
We are fighting against ignorance We are fighting against ignorance
We are fighting against bigotry and hatred We are fighting against bigotry and hatred
There is no such thing as peace through tourism per se. Undoubtedly, tourism can be a vehicle for peace, but education for peace starts at home. Our peacelessness is the result of inequality in the world. This inequality is a result of ignorance, greed and failed policies. Thinking about peacelessness is what takes us further away from the animal kingdom. Accepting this peacelessness is what brings us closer to animals. Surely, there is the animal in the human, but which of these is closer to humanity remains to be explained.
04/10/2343 |
04/10/2344 |
Peace through Tourism
Peace through Tourism
Poverty
Inte
grati
on
?
Global
warming
Prejudice
Democracy
Conflict
Inequality
Political tourism
Boycott
BuycottPro-p
oor TVolunte
er T
Philanth
ropic
C-B T
Soci
al T
Dom
estic
T
Her
itage
T
Cultu
ral T
Tourism
EducationEducation
for peace
Sustainable T
T tourism
ethics
Cross-cultural
understanding
Quality
encountersReconciliation T
Peace parks
Places of Peace
Circle of peacelessness and peace through tourism
04/10/2345 |
Today, the question is not whether tourism is good or
bad; whether it is a generator of peace or
simply the beneficiary of
peace
Today, the question is: How can we use tourism to
benefit the multifaceted nature of peace?
Thank You
May tourism and education for peace be with you.
04/10/2346 |