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Transcript of 111 MakingConnections Applying the Science and Technology Syllabus in the classroom 1 & 15 May 2015...
1 11
MakingConnectionsApplying the Science and Technology Syllabus in the classroom
1 & 15 May 2015 CEO Sydney – Inner West Region
2 22
Acknowledgement of Country
3 33
Prayer
4 44
PrimaryConnections Presenters:
Sophia McLean
Jacqui Cleary
Acknowledgement
5
Outcomes
On completion of the day you will be able to:
• describe the five underpinning principles of quality science teaching and apply the approach when implementing the NSW Science and Technology K-6 Syllabus
• make informed decisions about the use of inquiry skills and the potential benefits to enhance the teaching and learning of
science and literacy in your school
6
Workshop outline (one-day)INTRO: Purpose, outline, outcomes(15 mins) What do you want to know and be able to do
ENGAGE: Beliefs about primary science and the challenges(45 mins) The Big picture
Critical literacy and claimsScience and technologyScientific and technological literacy
EXPLORE: Explore the five underpinning principles of teaching science(210 mins) using ONE key concept
EXPLAIN: The NSW Syllabus for the Australian Curriculum(15 mins)
ELABORATE: Science education research (15 mins) The shift from activity-based science to “evidence/
argument-based” science through inquiry skills (5Es)
EVALUATE:(35 mins) Dos and don’ts: focus on learning
Ask questions, reflect and evaluate
7 77
Affinity diagram p.7
• Describe one thing you would most like to know by the end of the workshop.
• Describe one thing you would most like to be able to do by the end of the workshop.
8
ENGAGE
9
Consensogram Questions
What is the degree of importance of the teaching and learning of science in primary school?
What is the effectiveness level of the teaching and learning of science in primary schools?
What is the confidence level of primary teachers in delivering effective teaching and learning in science?
10
• Low priority for science in the primary curriculum• Overcrowding of the primary curriculum• Un-achievable syllabus requirements in science • Inadequate resourcing of science education• Limited access to in-service professional learning for teachers• Limited opportunities for teachers (and trainee teachers) to see quality
teaching of science• Limited time for science education units in pre-service teacher courses• Limited understanding by decision makers of the issues in the teaching of
primary science• Limited understanding of science itself in the school context by teachers,
principals and decision makers• Change-weary teachers• Low teacher confidence
Challenges facing primary teachers in thedelivery of quality science education
11
The National Assessments of Scientific Literacy (NAPSL) conducted Australia-wide in 2006, 2009, 2012 and in March 2015 in both government and non-government schools.
To achieve the proficient standard students were required to demonstrate, with more than minimal or elementary skills, an ability to interpret reports; use observed data; collate and compare data; and draw conclusions.
Only 54.3% of Year 6 students achieved the proficient standard.
Source: Ministerial Council on Education, Employment, Training and Youth Affairs (MCEETYA) 2009
Concerns about student achievement
12
Why is this so?
• Teacher confidence• Teacher knowledge and skill• Inquiry pedagogy• Status of science• Resources
13
The chain reaction
Low Low confidence Low Little Low science and self-efficacy science opportunity sciencePCK teaching for learning achievement time
PCK - Pedagogical Content Knowledge
14
What is going on?
STEM STEAM TPCK
Constructivism - 5Es, Inquiry-based, Problem-based
Argument-based
C21st Learning (7Cs – Critical thinking, Creativity, Collaboration, Cross-cultural,
Communication, Computing, Change)
15
Science Specialist teachers have TPCK
161616
171717
181818
…is building a bridge for the gaps!
191919
The Bridge – single arch, two halves
202020
What sort of bridge is it?
Five underpinning principles provide sturdy foundations
212121
How do you cross The Bridge?
222222
More lanes!
232323
Is there a toll to cross The Bridge?What support is available?
Involvement in any project requires some effort – the
question is does the benefit outweigh the cost?
PrimaryConnections has lots of support if you feel you need some help to cross The Bridge:
• colleagues• curriculum leaders• professional learning facilitators • master facilitators
• education officers• state coordinators• Academy of Science• website.
242424
Purpose of PrimaryConnections
To
improve learning outcomes for primary students in science and
literacy
by
developing professional learning programs supported with
curriculum resources
that will
improve teachers’ confidence and competence for teaching
science through developing their science pedagogical content
knowledge.
252525
What makes the Sun shine?
Try to represent your understanding in some way.
262626
Scientific and technological literacy is a high priority for all citizens, helping them:
• to be interested in, and understand the world around them and consider problems to be solved
• to engage in the discourses of and about science and technology
• to be sceptical and questioning of claims made by others about scientific and technological matters
• to be able to identify questions and problems, investigate and draw evidence-based conclusions that lead to technological solutions
• to make informed decisions about the environment, the use of technology and their own health and well-being.
Scientific and technological literacy
Goodrum, D., Hackling, M. and Rennie, L. (2001). The status and quality of teaching and learning of science
in Australian schools: A research report. Canberra: Department of Education, Training and Youth Affairs.
McLean, S. and Rostron. L. (2014). PrimaryConnections NSW syllabus to success.
272727
Scientific literacy develops
___________________________________________________None/very little informed adult
‘The notion of progress in scientific literacy is fundamental to the growth in students’ knowledge and understanding of scientific concepts and processes and the ability to use that knowledge and understanding in everyday situations.’
Goodrum, D., Hackling, M. and Rennie, L. (2001). The status and quality of teaching and learning
of science in Australian schools: A research report. Canberra: Department of Education, Training and Youth Affairs.
2828
Critical literacy
Critical literacy activities in science develop students’ questioning skills and encourage them to be sceptical about scientific claims made by others.
Image: Stock.xchng
292929
Science Technology
Venn Diagram
303030
Catalyst - Nanopatch
Focus questions:
• What was the problem to be solved?• What is technology?• How did the development of the technology advance science
understanding?• How did the science understanding lead to improvements in the
technology?
313131
What is the problem?What solutions does technology provide?
Method of vaccine delivery is the problem because:• Uses Needles• Vaccines need refrigeration (short shelf-life), hard to distribute worldwide• Application into muscles results in a slow rate of action
How has this problem improved with technology?• Nano-patch delivery is painless, easy, self-administered• Avoid needle stick injuries• No refrigeration required (longer shelf-life), easy to distribute worldwide• Application into skin has a faster rate of action
323232
…more to the technology story of vaccination (delivery mechanisms and the vaccines)
Syringe and vaccine 2013
Nanopatch 2013Syringe 1930s
Jenner 1796 smallpox Smallpox pustule
gauge 1870-1930Bifurcated needle
1970s
333333
Science & Technology
The study of Science and Technology provides opportunities for students to:
• think and act critically and creatively• develop informed attitudes based on evidence and reasoning• participate responsibly in developing innovative working solutions and
ideas in response to opportunities and questions relevant to personal, social and environmental issues in their lives
• begin to develop the capabilities needed to become more scientifically and technologically literate students
(NSW Science and Technology Syllabus K-6 p14)
343434
EXPLORE
353535
The five underpinning principles…
…let’s explore!
3636
Principle 1: Collaborative learning
3737
Beliefs continuum
Collaborative learning strategy: Beliefs continuum
_________________________________________Disagree Agree
3838
Collaborative learning teams in action p.10-11
Years K-2 (Pairs)• Speaker• Manager
Years 3-6 (Teams of 3)• Director• Manager• Speaker
Each role has specific responsibilities as the team ofstudents works through the activities and investigations.
393939
Principle 2: 5Es
404040
The 5Es….what is it?
An inquiry model of teaching and learning designed to facilitate conceptual change!p.15
414141
Phase Focus Assessment focus
ENGAGE Engage students and elicit prior knowledge Diagnostic assessment
EXPLORE Provide hands-on experience of the phenomenon Formative assessment
EXPLAIN Develop scientific explanations for observations and represent developing conceptual understandingConsider current scientific explanations
Formative assessment
ELABORATE Extend understanding to a new context or make connections to additional concepts through a student-planned investigation
Summative assessment of the Science Inquiry Skills (SIS)
EVALUATE Students re-represent their understanding and reflect on their learning journey and teachers collect evidence about the achievement of outcomes
Summative assessment of the Science Understanding (SU)
PrimaryConnections 5Es teaching and learning model
424242
Overarching message
ONE KEY CONCEPTUAL IDEA!
• this idea spans the entire 5Es sequence and should be emphasised and referenced often
• lessons build from one to the next contributing to the key idea• actions must be consistent with the purpose of the phase to
develop the key idea
SKAMP says:
‘Every phase in the 5Es model is important for optimum learning. None are [sic] unnecessary and none should be omitted. The impact of omitting a phase needs to be pointed out.’ (p 210)
434343
Images of activities from the 5Es phases
ENGAGE: Weather in my world EXPLORE: Plants in action EXPLAIN: Plants in action
ELABORATE: Push-pull
EVALUATE: It’s electrifying
Watch 5Es Engage
444444
EXPLORE BEFORE EXPLAIN!
4545
Principle 3: Investigating
4646
Types of investigating in PrimaryConnections
Exploratory investigations• occur at the Engage and Explore phases• are characterised by hands-on exploratory activities including:
observing, measuring, testing, representing.
Fair test, Survey, Design and Secondary data investigations• occur at the Elaborate phase• are characterised by a focus on student planning, following the
investigating process, representing findings using ‘literacies of science’ and drawing conclusions based on evidence and communicating findings.
4747
Planning a science investigation p.18
What is the question for investigation?
What are the variables?
What equipment do I need?
VARIABLES GRID (M = Measure)
Hotness of a spoon(M)
4848
Fair test acronym
Remember:- Cows Moo Softly
Change one thing
Measure one thing (dependent on the change)
Keep everything else the Same
4949
Variables table for fair tests
What will I change? What will I keep the same?
What will I measure?
Independent variable Controlled variables Dependent variable
5050
Conducting a science investigation p.20
5151
Stages of investigating
Planning
CommunicatingConducting
Interpreting and representing
Evaluating
Questioning and predicting come BEFORE planning
525252
Australian Curriculum:Science SIS
Science Inquiry Skills content is described in two-year bands.
There are five sub-strands:
Questioning and predicting
Planning and conducting
Processing and analysing data and information
Evaluating
Communication
Predict which of these teachers and students do
effectively / ineffectively.
535353
QCER p.34
Q: What question are you trying to answer?
C: What is your claim at this point?
E: What specific evidence do you have to support your claim?
R: How does the evidence support the claim? Can this be linked to a science concept? Are there alternative explanations for the data collected? How accurate is the data?
Students need encouragement to move from making claims only to citing evidence to support the claims. Older students can make full conclusions with claims, evidence and reasoning.
The Question Starters can be used to model and practise this
process.
545454
Literacy focus - table
555555
Draw a table
Distance from torch to glue stick (cm)
Height of shadow (cm)
5 19.3
10 16.1
15 14.7
20 13.9
OR
The effect of distance from a torch on the shadow height of a glue stick
565656
What was changed (independent variable)
What was measured/ observed(dependent variable)
Each row should show a different treatment, organism, sampling site etc.
Table of the number and type of organisms found in a sample of leaf litter
Organism type Number of organisms
leaves 29
Woodlouse 10
Beetle larva 4
Spider 2
Literacy of science - data tables
5757
Quality matrix p.32
Literacy of science: data table
Features Characteristics of a high-quality product
Opportunity for improvement
Title Clear and accurate Write in a straight lineCheck spelling
Columns Straight lineClear labelRegular sizeUnits of measurementChanged variable on leftMeasured variable on right
Write label clearlyMeasure the increment spaces
585858
Claims claims claims!
• Whenever a student makes a representation about a science phenomenon whether verbal, written, gestured or drawn, they are making a claim about what they do or don’t understand at that point in time.
• These claims are like “gold” and provide teachers with insights into students’ thinking. Delving into these claims with questions is like digging for more gold.
5959
The purposes of investigating are to:
• actively engage students in learning
• provide an opportunity to learn the skills and processes of investigating
• provide students with an authentic experience of science
• help students develop an understanding of scientific evidence and of the nature of science
• provide a foundation for conceptual development through experience of science phenomena
6060
Phase Focus Assessment focus
ENGAGE Engage students and elicit prior knowledge Diagnostic assessment
EXPLORE Provide hands-on experience of the phenomenon Formative assessment
EXPLAIN Develop scientific explanations for observations and represent developing conceptual understandingConsider current scientific explanations
Formative assessment
ELABORATE Extend understanding to a new context or make connections to additional concepts through a student-planned investigation
Summative assessment of the Science Inquiry Skills (SIS)
EVALUATE Students re-represent their understanding and reflect on their learning journey and teachers collect evidence about the achievement of outcomes
Summative assessment of the Science Understanding (SU)
PrimaryConnections 5Es teaching and learning model
6161
Investigating images
626262
Principle 4: Science and literacy
6363
The confusion! P.36
• Three different expressions are used.• What do they mean? • How are they similar? How are they different?
literacies of science
scientific literacy
everyday literacies
6464
Visual representation – an everyday literacy
Focus question
How do we maintain a comfortable level of warmth in our home during winter?
• 4 individual visual representations each
• Form large groups and create a scientific representation of the group’s data
6565
Defining ‘everyday literacies’
• are the literacy skills students bring to the learning process
• are tools of learning
• are processes and practices that represent what learners know, do or demonstrate when they represent and communicate understanding
• involve multiple modes of representation
6666
Defining ‘literacies of science’
• are particular language practices, processes and products that students learn about and use to represent and communicate their understanding of science concepts and processes
• are multi-modal: factual text, data tables, labelled diagrams, symbols, graphs, models, drawings, computer-generated images, gestures, role-plays.
6767
Literacy Focus – labelled diagram
6868
Quality matrixLiteracy of science: labelled diagram
Features Characteristics of a high-quality product
Opportunity for improvement
Title Clear and accurate identifying the organism
Write in a straight lineCheck spelling
Labels Scientific language Check spellingUse scientific language
Leader lines Straight lineSame side of diagram
Ensure lines do not cross each other
Scale Units of measurementAccurate
Measure size to calculate scaleInclude a scale
Drawing Clear narrow pencil lineCentred on paperLarge enough to represent detail
No shadingLarger drawing
6969
Modifying Literacy Focus – labelled diagram p.42
How can we modify this literacy focus for different ages / abilities / stages?
7070
Literacy focus - graph
7171
Literacy of science - graphs
Horizontal (x) axis:What was changed (independent variable)
Vertical (Y) axisWhat was measured/ observed(dependent variable)
7272
Quality matrixLiteracy of science: graph
Features Characteristics of a high-quality product
Opportunity for improvement
Title Clear and accurate Write in a straight lineCheck spelling
Horizontal axis Straight lineClear labelRegular incrementsUnits of measurement
Write label clearlyMeasure the increment spaces
7373
The story of graphs p.27
7474 74
2007 TRIAL
74
Graphs: Questioning for analysis
What is the “story” of your graph?
Do the data in your graph reveal any patterns?
Is this what you expected? Why?
Can you explain the pattern? Why did this happen?
What do you think the pattern would be if you continued the line of
the graph?
How certain are you of your results?
7575
The relationship between literacy and science
• Literacy skills do not develop in
isolation from a context
In PrimaryConnections:• students use everyday literacies
and learn literacies of science
• the science context provides a
meaningful purpose for literacy development
7676
So what is scientific literacy?
The use of everyday literacies to
learn about science concepts and
processes – including the
development of the literacies of
science – contributes to students’
developing scientific literacy as
they learn about, communicate and
represent science understanding.
7777
Scientific literacy is a high priority for all citizens, helping them to:• be interested in, and understand the world around them• engage in the discourses of and about science• be sceptical and questioning of claims made by others
about scientific matters• be able to identify questions, investigate and draw
evidence-based conclusions• to make informed decisions about the environment and
their own health and well-being.
Defining scientific literacy
Goodrum, D., Hackling, M. and Rennie, L. (2001). The status and quality of teaching and learning of science in Australian schools: A research report. Canberra: Department of Education, Training and Youth Affairs.
787878
Principle 5: Assessment
797979
Phase Focus Assessment focus
ENGAGE Engage students and elicit prior knowledge Diagnostic assessment
EXPLORE Provide hands-on experience of the phenomenon Formative assessment
EXPLAIN Develop scientific explanations for observations and represent developing conceptual understandingConsider current scientific explanations
Formative assessment
ELABORATE Extend understanding to a new context or make connections to additional concepts through a student-planned investigation
Summative assessment of the Science Inquiry Skills (SIS)
EVALUATE Students re-represent their understanding and reflect on their learning journey and teachers collect evidence about the achievement of outcomes
Summative assessment of the Science Understanding (SU)
PrimaryConnections 5Es teaching/learning model
808080
Types of assessment
Diagnostic
Formative
Summative
818181
Assessment ‘for’ learning
Gathering information about the gap between where the student is and needs to be.
Students learn best when they:• understand clearly what they are trying to learn and what is expected
of them• are given feedback about the quality of their work• are given advice on how to make improvements• are fully involved in deciding what needs to be done next and who can help if needed.
828282
Assessment ‘of’ learning
Gathering and working with evidence to enable teachers and the wider assessment community to evaluate students’ progress.
Judgements about the extent and quality of student learning need to be:• based on sound criteria negotiated with and known to students• reliable and accurate
838383
Assessment ‘as’ learning
Reflecting on evidence of learning and the processes of learning.
Reflecting on the learning process helps students focus on:• what they have learned• how they have learned• what processes help them to learn
848484
Assessment examples from Heating up
Diagnostic: How does heat move?
Formative:Moving heat
Summative: Where’s the heat?
858585
‘More effort has to be spent in framing questions that are worth asking: that is, questions which explore issues that are critical to the development of children’s understanding.’
Questioning
Black, P. et al. (2003). Assessment for learning. UK, Open University Press.
Is a seed alive?
868686
Effective questioning
• What are broad questions?
• What are narrow questions?
• What is the purpose of wait time?
878787
Questioning and the 5Es model
• ENGAGE: Broad questions that encourage students to discuss
their ideas and experiences
• EXPLORE: Questions that encourage students to discuss their
ideas and to express common experiences
• EXPLAIN: Focused questions that reinforce the explanations of
the concepts
• ELABORATE: Questions that help students understand the
concept in a new situation and that assess inquiry skills
• EVALUATE: Questions that assess students’ understanding
888888
Student science journals and using assessment rubrics
898989
PrimaryConnections website
All teaching information and resources in the members section
909090
• links science with literacy• is based on the 5Es teaching and learning model• uses an inquiry-based investigative approach • uses collaborative learning strategies• embeds the assessment processes in the teaching
and learning model• provides exemplary curriculum units and other
support resources
Together, all of these factors contribute to students’ developing scientific literacy.
PrimaryConnections
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EXPLAIN
929292
Scientific and technological literacy is a high priority for all citizens, helping them:
• to be interested in, and understand the world around them and consider problems to be solved
• to engage in the discourses of and about science and technology
• to be sceptical and questioning of claims made by others about scientific and technological matters
• to be able to identify questions and problems, investigate and draw evidence-based conclusions that lead to technological solutions
• to make informed decisions about the environment, the use of technology and their own health and well-being.
Scientific and technological literacy
Goodrum, D., Hackling, M. and Rennie, L. (2001). The status and quality of teaching and learning of science
in Australian schools: A research report. Canberra: Department of Education, Training and Youth Affairs.
McLean, S. and Rostron. L. (2014). PrimaryConnections NSW syllabus to success.
939393
Time – NSW BOSTES syllabus requirements
Science and Technology should be taught for 1.5-2.5 hours per week
949494
Australian Curriculum:Science
Three interrelated strands:Science Understanding (SU)Science Inquiry Skills (SIS)Science as a Human Endeavour (SHE)
Presented as “content” with “elaborations” for each year level
An achievement Standard for each year is also presented
959595
Australian Curriculum:Science
Science Understanding Strand divided into four sub-strands
Biological sciences
Chemical sciences
Physical sciences
Earth and space sciences
969696
Australian Curriculum:Science
Science as a Human Endeavour Strand divided into two sub-strands
Nature and development of science
Use and influence of science
979797
Australian Curriculum:Science
Science Inquiry Skills content is described in two-year bands.
There are five sub-strands:
Questioning and predicting
Planning and conducting
Processing and analysing data and information
Evaluating
Communicating
989898
Australian Curriculum:Science
General CapabilitiesLiteracyNumeracyInformation and communication (ICT) capabilityCritical and creative thinkingEthical understandingPersonal and social capabilityIntercultural understanding
Cross-curriculum prioritiesAboriginal and Torres Strait Islander histories and culturesAsia and Australia’s engagement with AsiaSustainability
999999 99
2007 TRIAL
99
Major message
The Australian Curriculum:Science outlines the
“what” of the curriculum….what should be taught
and learnt.
It does not outline how teachers deliver the
curriculum. How do you actually do this at the most
fundamental “coal face” level….the teacher and the
students?
100100100 100
2007 TRIAL
100
PrimaryConnections…
…..provides the “what” and the “how”!
101101101
Professional learning program linking science with literacy
Supported byquality curriculum
resources
What is PrimaryConnections? – a complete approach to teaching and learning science
Based on research
Funded by the Australian Government 2005 – 2013 $11.2 million
Stage 6 has began in 2014 and will continue through 2015-2016
102102102
Curriculum Units - aligned to Australian Curriculum:Science
Curriculum Units Year Biological sciences Chemical sciences Earth and space sciences Physical Sciences
Curriculum focus: awareness of self and the local world
F Staying aliveor
Growing wellWhat’s it made of? Weather in my world On the move
1Schoolyard safari
Spot the differenceor
Bend it! Stretch it!Up, down and all around Look! Listen!
2Watch it grow All mixed up Water works Push pull
Curriculum focus: recognising questions that can be investigated scientifically and investigating them
3Feathers, fur or leaves Melting moments Night and day Heating up
4 Plants in Action Material worldBeneath our feet
Smooth movesor
Magnetic movesFriends or foes Package it better
5Desert survivors What’s the matter? Earth’s place in space Light shows
6
Marvellousmicro-organisms Change detectives
Earthquake explorersor
Volcanoes (coming soon)
It’s electrifying
Essential energy
103103103
Units with Indigenous PerspectivesYear Biological sciences Chemical sciences Earth and space sciences Physical sciences
Curriculum focus: awareness of self and the local world
FStaying alive or
Growing wellWhat’s it made of? Weather in my world On the move
1 Schoolyard safariSpot the difference or
Bend it! Stretch it!Up, down and all around Look! Listen!
2 Watch it grow All mixed up Water works Push pull
Curriculum focus: recognising questions that can be investigated scientifically and investigating them
3 Feathers, fur or leaves Melting moments Night and Day (replaces Spinning in Space)
Heating up
4Plants in Action Material World
Beneath our feetSmooth moves or Magnetic moves
Friends or foes? Package it better
5 Desert Survivors What’s the matter? Earth’s place in space Light shows(replaces Light fantastic)
6Marvellous micro-
organismsChange detectives Earthquake explorers
It’s electrifying
Essential Energy
104104104
ELABORATE
105105
Form groups of 6 to analyse ONE curriculum unit in detail
1. Complete the curriculum unit checklist, page 45
2. Identify and summarise the “science understanding” at the front of the unit
3. For one 5Es phase of the unit only, identify and summarise the following in the charts on pages 48-49
• activities• literacy focuses and practices• collaborative learning activities• assessment focus
4. Report back to the group your summary in the order of the 5Es
5. Each person summarises the entire unit on their chart
Essence of a curriculum unit
106106106
Teacher Flash Cards
107107107
Student Flash Cards
108108108
Wristbands – collaborative learning roles
Years 3-6
Years K-2
109109109
Feathers – Interactive Resource p 50-51
110110110
Resource kits
111111111
Costs and ordering
All costs are available on the website
All ordering done via the website• Online• Online with printed fax order form
All professional learning registered online
112112112
PrimaryConnections – a collaborative projectp. 38-39
• Australian Academy of Science project• Steering Committee: AAS and DEEWR• Reference Group:
– Australian Academy of Science– Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations– Universities – Australian Council of Deans of Education– Literacy, English and Science Educator Associations– State Education Departments– Catholic and Independent Schools Associations– Australian Primary Principals Association– Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering
113
Summary of research 2005-2011
• Original trial teachers: improvements for teachers, science status & quantity
• Factors for successful implementation: support, science coordinator, time
• Professional Learning Facilitators and Curriculum Leaders: excellent resources with effective programs
• Teachers: report significant benefits in confidence and competence
• Students: show significant differences in “processes of science” and “literacies of science” compared with other science programs
114114114
Teaching Primary Science – Trial teacher feedback on the implementation of PrimaryConnections and the 5E model (2012)
Primary Connections has had a very real, positive influence on most (if not all) responding teachers’ thinking about the nature of inquiry-oriented and constructivist-based (as in, the 5E model) science learning at the primary level.
It would appear that these perceptions have been realised, to varying degrees, in many classrooms. Furthermore, for some teachers, the influence of PrimaryConnections has produced teaching and learning environments that fulfill many criteria associated with high-quality science learning. Keith Skamp (2012)
Working technologically (how)Unit: Push-pull (Year 2, Stage 1)
Science activity from Push-pull Explore Lesson 4 has
students explore what sinks and what floats.
Technology activity from Push-pull Explore Lesson 4 has students design different shaped objects and explore which objects sink and which float.
Technology Outcome: ST1-5WT:
Students use a structured design process, everyday tools, materials, equipment and techniques to produce solutions that respond to identified needs and wants.
To meet the outcome students would need to use a structured design process during the lesson to respond to the problem of finding a shape that will float.
Built environment (what)Unit: Smooth moves (Year 4, Stage 2)
Science activity from Smooth moves Explore Lesson 3
has students explore friction as they move objects over different surfaces.
Technology Outcome: ST2-14BE:
Students describe how people interact within built environments and the factors considered in their design and construction.
To meet the outcome students could observe how people interact on bike paths and describe how its design, including its surface, meets the needs of bike users. They could also describe how the design and construction of a bike path may be modified to better suit the needs of users.
Product (what)Unit: Smooth moves (Year 4, Stage 2)
Science activity from Smooth moves Explore Lesson 3 has students explore friction as they move objects over different surfaces.
Technology activity from Smooth moves Explore Lesson 3 (in the curriculum links) could have students identify the component parts of a bike and explain how the parts are designed to work together to reduce or increase friction.
Technology Outcome: ST2-16P Students describe how products are designed and produced, and the ways people use them.
To further meet the outcome students could examine the process used to produce an existing product such as a helmet by creating a flowchart from design to finished product.
Lesson 1 Session 2 – Uses a map (literacy focus) of the playgroundST1-5WT –– could have students jointly construct the map using a design processST1-14BE – Observe how people use the playground and how use has influenced design
Lesson 1 Session 3 – Optional sessionST1-5WT –– have students construct a map with key of their backyard using a design processST1-15I – discuss ways that students could record animals (eg photograph, draw) and have them identify an information solution that would be appropriate
Lesson 2 Session 2 – Curriculum linkST1-5WT – have students design an effective worm farm based on the needs of earthworms
Several lessons – and optional “Animated animals lesson”ST1-15I – students could use a camera with a stopmotion app to record the sequence of movement of a small animal (earthworm, snail, ant) and share it with others, or simply annotate a photo of a small animal with text and perhaps sound of the animal
Some Technology opportunities – Schoolyard safari Stage 1 – Year 1
119119119
EVALUATE
120120120
Continuum for teaching science as argument p.43
Activity based
Investigation based
Evidence based
Argument based
Fun, hands-on activities designed to motivate students and keep them physicallyengaged
Abilities to engage in inquiry; ask testable questions and design fair tests; focus on collecting data
Need to support claims with evidence; evidence is not questioned in terms of quality, coherence etc
Argument construction is central; coordinating evidence and claims is viewed as important; emerging attention to considering alternatives.
Zembal-Saul, C. (2009). Learning to teach elementary school science as argument. Science Education, 93(4):687-719.
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Making a difference…
The PrimaryConnections program:
• is based on research• is well conceptualised• uses extensive trialling • is collaboratively developed• has a national profile• Is fully aligned to the Australian
Curriculum:Science• is involved in ongoing research• is providing evidence of significant
changes for teachers and students
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2007 TRIAL
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DOS AND DON’TSDO
• Teach 4 units each year (1 from each colour)
• Teach the lessons in the sequence as written
• Modify the unit based on the literacy outcomes
• Base decision making on the “Disaster Scale”
• Check website for updates
DON’T
• Cherry pick from units
• Try to cover multiple conceptual areas at once
• Avoid the Chemical and Physical sciences
• Leave out the literacy processes
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PrimaryConnections website
www.primaryconnections.org.au
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There is much excitement and enthusiasm around the school this term…it is all a buzz with science.
I now feel I can actually teach science in a quality way…and enjoy doing it.
I had children walking out saying that science was fun, interesting and even their ‘favourite subject’.
It gave me renewed skills as a teacher.
Thanks to your resources I was able to help deliver science to primary age students in an engaging and meaningful way.
This has been the most invigorating and rewarding project I have been involved in.
What teachers are saying about PrimaryConnections