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Transcript of 11.06.02 Internal company measures for the reduction of water consumption in industrial companies in...
11.06.02
Internal company measures for the reduction of water consumption in industrial companies in Germany
Dr.-Ing. Dirk Weichgrebe
IINSTITUT OF WWATER QQUALITY AND MMASTE WWANAGEMENT
UUNIVERSITY OF HHANNOVER
Welfengarten 1, D-30167 HannoverTel. 0511/ 762-2899
Workshop: Industrial Wastewater Treatment TechnologiesDepartment of Environmental Science & Engineering, Hunan University, P.R.China, 16.08.02
11.06.02
• Introduction
• Water amounts and water utilisation
• Production and process integrated protection of the
environment (PIUS)
• Internal company measures
• Modern possibilities of part-stream treatment to close the
water circulation (evaporation, membrane methods)
• Examples (paper factory, metal processing, food industry)
• Conclusion and prognosis
Structure
11.06.02
Water utilisation and supply in Germany 2000
0,1%
77,7%14,5%
3,0%4,7%
Water supply/Water utilisation Amount
Water supply unexploited 141,4 Mrd. m³ (1995 138,0 Mrd. m³)
Power plants 26,4 Mrd. m³
Industry (processing industries and mining) 8,5 Mrd. m³ (1995: 10,0 Mrd. m³)
Public water supply 5,6 Mrd. m³
Agriculture 0,2 Mrd. m³
total 182,0 Mrd. m³
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Water circulation through a factory
11.06.02
Water amountWater amount
Water usageWater usage
Sale to third parties
Discharged unused
External sources
Internal production
Water utilisationWater
utilisation
One-timeutilisation
Multipleutilisation
recycling
Water demandWater
demand
Production
Cooling
Steamproduction
otherpurposes
Waste-water
Waste-water
Water lossesFactory
Explanation and definition of terms
Water utilisationWater amount
= Utilisation factor
11.06.02
External sourcesPublic network
4,2%
Spring water0,8%
Bank filtrate5,6%
Ground water23%Surface water
60,6%
External sourcesNon-public network
5,8%
total: 8,5 billion m3
Water amounts in the industries 1998, FRG
11.06.02
Sum : 304 billion m³
Ground water
27%
Bank filtrate3,9%
Spring water6%
External sourcesPublic network
37,2%
External sourcesNon-public network
3%
Surface waters22,9%
Water amounts in food industry and tobacco processing, 1998, FRG
11.06.02
According to DIN 4046, process water is defined as „water used for commercial, industrial, agricultural or similar purposes with differing qualities and properties, which may include potable water quality“.
The requirements of the users can be chemically above or considerably below those of the potable water regulations. Thus, it is not possible to formulate any generally valid directives for the quality of process water, but only application-specific requirements.
Accordingly, the quality demands on process water can be vastly different in the different application areas. Moreover, the demands depend on the production methods of the respective industrial branches and on the quality requirements on the goods produced.
For reasons of operation safety and hygiene, the following properties are generally demanded from process water:
- It should be odourless, free of solids, and clear.
- It should be compatible with the raw material.
- It must be hygienically safe.
Definition „Production water“
11.06.02
In commercial and industrial production processes, water is generally used as:
Raw material, e.g.•Brewing water, mineral water•Water for ammonia production
Means of transport, e.g.•Rinsing water (turnip rinsing water)•Conveying medium (hydraulic ore extraction)
Auxiliary agent, e.g.•Cooling agent•Dissolving agent•Washing agent•Energy carrier (steam, water-power)•Safety agent (fire extinguishing water)•Potable water (staff water)
Operational water applications
11.06.02
In future: Development of quality standards for water for re-use and further processing?
Further development of the processing technology!Utilisation of municipal wastewater as production water?
Lowrequirements
Potable water quality More extensive requirements
Food industrySemi-luxury food industry
TrinkwV (1990)
DIN 2000, 2001DIN 1988
Power plants (complete desalting)Refrigeration plants (softening)Chip production
VGB-Guideline (1988)VdTÜV (1983)VDI-Guideline 3808 (1986)TRD611, TRD612
Requirements on the quality of production water
MiningTanneriesCar-wash roads
Ö-Norm B 5107
Europ. Directive
EU-Directive forthe quality of waterwaysused for swimming (1975)
11.06.02
Water utilisation 1998 in the FRG, (for single industrial branches)
textile, leather and clothing
523 0,19 0,25 0,18 0,05 0,18 0,05 1,28
public heat power station
429 26,56 67,73 57,46 7,68 25,66 41,40 2,60
wood industry (without furniture)
286 0,02 0,06 0,03 0,01 0,02 0,04 3,10
chemical industry 794 3,42 11,84 10,59 0,76 2,90 8,14 3,50
mining, stone, soil 915 1,18 4,83 3,69 1,05 1,09 3,66 4,10
Food + tobacco industry
2.345 0,42 17,28 0,83 0,44 0,38 1,30 4,20
paper industry, printig, publishing
467 0,61 3,49 0,82 2,45 0,42 2,75 5,70
Glass, ceramics, stones/soil
1.755 0,11 0,73 0,48 0,22 0,09 0,59 6,60
metall production and processing
1.366 0,87 6,02 4,93 0,98 0,76 5,20 6,90
coking plant, Refineries
59 0,24 2,38 2,30 0,04 0,09 0,18 9,70
mechanical engineering
724 0,04 0,43 0,24 0,13 0,04 0,39 10,10
car industry 449 0,09 1,99 1,09 0,79 0,08 1,89 21,50
Industrial branches
of which single utilisation
number of
compan.
recycling utilisation factor
cooling product
billion m³
Water input
used Water
Data according to Stat. Yearbook 2001
11.06.02
14% for product spec. purposes
67% recycling
31% one-time utilisation33% usage
67% 81% for cooling
5 % general
Operational water utilisation 1998 in the FRG
approx. 83 billion m³
approx. 15 billion m³
approx. 32 billion m³approx. 34 billion m³
approx. 69 billion m³
11.649 companies in the FRG
Data according to Statistical Yearbook 2001
11.06.02
Water utilisation 1998 in the FRG (for the single federal Lands)
SH 376 4,40 5,44 4,80 0,28 4,39 1,04 1,2HH 125 0,76 0,96 0,89 0,04 0,75 0,20 1,3BR 53 1,12 1,43 1,18 0,24 1,11 0,32 1,3HS 665 4,74 7,70 5,79 1,81 4,70 2,97 1,6RP 568 1,81 3,19 2,55 0,59 1,61 1,23 1,8B 163 0,92 1,75 1,41 0,23 0,92 0,83 1,9BW 1.642 5,05 12,60 8,47 3,43 4,91 7,18 2,4NS 1.126 4,83 12,90 9,21 2,38 4,70 8,08 2,7BAY 2.111 3,71 13,32 10,96 1,79 3,22 9,39 3,6NRW 2.651 5,74 33,26 29,73 2,63 5,10 27,68 5,8TH 460 0,06 0,62 0,20 0,21 0,05 0,55 9,7SL 115 0,21 2,17 1,98 0,13 0,18 1,98 10,4SA 408 0,22 2,58 2,19 0,34 0,14 2,36 11,7BB 286 0,23 2,71 2,44 0,15 0,12 2,52 11,8S 750 0,11 1,86 1,47 0,24 0,06 1,77 16,6MV 150 0,03 0,63 0,38 0,24 0,02 0,60 22,9
Land
Water utilisation
total amount of
water Number of companies
of which one-time water
utilisation
recir-culation
utilisationutilisation
factorfor
coolingfor
productbillion m³state
Data according to Statistical Yearbook 2001
11.06.02
5 % for product-spec. purposes
81% One-time utilisation
81% usage
19%88 % cooling
Operational water utilisation 1998 in SH
19% recirculation
7 % general
approx. 4,8 bill. m³
approx. 0,3 bill. m³
approx. 4,4 bill. m³approx. 4,4 bill. m³
approx. 1,0 bill. m³
376 companies in Schleswig Holstein
Data according to Statistical Yearbook 2001
11.06.02
Specific wastewater loads and reference values for single companies in the food industry in FRG
Kind of company Unit specific wastewater loads PE
m³/unit kg BOD5/unit
Dairy t 1 - 2 0,8 - 2,5 13 – 42 /t
Brewery hl 0,25 - 0,6 0,3 - 0,6 12 - 15 /hl
Wine ha 0,04 - 0,30 0,32 - 0,97 5 - 16 /ha
Distillery d 0,5 - 0,8 6 - 35 100 - 500 /d
Beverages m³ 1,4 - 2,8 1,7 - 4,5 20 – 60 /m³
Fruit juice m³ 1,8 - 2,8 1,7 - 4,5 28 - 75 /m³
Slaughterhouse Cattle Pigs
GV KV
0,5 - 1,0 0,1 - 0,3
1,0 - 3,5 0,2 - 0,3
28 - 85 /GV
5 - 9 /KV
Tinned food Peas Carrots Beans Ready-to-serve meals
t t t 10³ pieces
12 - 30 19 - 30 15 - 35 2,5 - 3,6
18 - 30 25 - 30 10 - 22
1,5 - 6,4
300-500 /t 415-500 /t 165-365 /t
38-160 /10³ pieces
Sauerkraut t 5 - 9 4,2 - 9,2 70 - 150 /t
Potato proc. t 5 - 8 5 - 10 85 - 170 /t
Sugar production t 0,5 - 1,0 0,8 - 1,6 13 - 27 /t
Yeast t 10 - 80 140 - 250 2.330 - 4.170 /t
Margarine t 1 – 3 (0,5 - 3,0) (8 - 50 /t)
Salad oil t 10 - 25 (3,0 - 7,0) (50 - 115 /t)
11.06.02
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000Year
Uti
lisat
ion
fac
tors
[-] Processing industry and mining
Food industry
Development of the utilisation factors
11.06.02
Wastewater discharge in the FRG in bill. m³
Data according to Statistical Yearbook 2001
Processing industry Mining and extraction of stones and soil
Heat power plants for public supplyPublic wastewater discharge
Distribution in percentage for 1998100%
80%
60%
0%
40%
20%
totalof
which biol.
totalof which
biol.
1991 48,07 10,53 8,77 36,10 34,58 1,44 47,08 0,981995 46,36 11,32 10,28 33,58 32,39 1,47 45,55 0,811998 44,06 10,80 10,26 31,80 30,83 1,45 43,27 0,79
Year
Indirect discharge
Kind of wastewater Kind of dischargeWaste water
discharge total
treated untreated water discharged unused
direct discharge
11.06.02
Overall costs of industrial water utilisation
External sources,Water purchase costs
Internal sourcesWater extraction costs,Costs for extraction,processing, and transport
Fresh-water supply Water utilisation
One-time utilisation,distribution costs
Multiple utilisation,distribution costs
Circulation, distributionand processing costs
Wastewater disposal
Direct dischargeTreatment costs,
Wastewater fees
Indirect dischargePre-treatment costs,Wastewater fees
11.06.02
allows for the avoidance of
waste, wastewater, and hazardous substances in the productioninstead of
Separation, treatment, or disposal in the substance streams leaving the process
Wastewater that is not produced in the first placedoes not have to be treated later on
Reduction of the water amounts and of the discharged substance streams decrease the pollutant load discharged in to the
environment and thus reduce the costs for the companies
Production and process-integrated protection of the environment
11.06.02
Operational environment protection measures
Production- and process-integrated protection of the environment
legal liabilitiesOnly in case of
Branchen-Selbstverpflicht.
Production-relatedProduct-related others
Integrated measures
End-of-the-pipemeasures
Process-integratedmeasures
Plant-integratedmeasures
Environment management(e.g. Project FH Lübeck)
Sanitation of abandonedpolluted areas
Trading with emissionpermissions and otherInstruments of the Kyoto Protocol
Data acc. to VDI-Directive VDI 3800, December 2001
Power-heat couplingCirculation
Recovery of substances
Changing of reaction conditionsSubst. of organic dissolvents
Changing of the method
11.06.02
Saving of water as image-boosting factor
11.06.02
Reduction of wastewater loads and costs through internal company measures I
1. Taking stock
(1) Creation of a production schemeDetermination of all INFLUENTS (INPUT) and EFFLUENTS (OUTPUT)e.g. locations where water, wastewater and pollutant loads are producedif necessary, installation of water and energy meters (water balance, energy balance, substance balance (auxiliary agents, substances for utilisation))
(2) Determination of the energy and water consumption at all operation locations
(3) Calculation of specific consumptions and amounts, e.g.:1. Spec. water consumption = water consumption/production unit (m³/t or m³/l)2. Spec. wWastewater production = water production – process water – evaporation and water input from the product)/production unit (m³/t or m³/l)
(4) Determination of the specific pollutant loads1. Taking of samples and analysis2. Amount x concentration = load
11.06.02
Reduction of wastewater loads and costs through internal company measures II
2. Internal re-orientation
(1) Information, motivation and further education of the staff in regard to the economical
dealing with energy, water, and precious subst. (bonus systems, saving competitions).
(2) Control of the fresh-water and wastewater amounts
(3) Purchase and installation of water-saving fittings
(4) Control of leakages
(5) Application of high-pressure cleaning tools
Running of dry-cleaning methods
(1) Reduction of the used water amounts and substitution, for instance with air or hot steam(2) Reduction of the energy consumption, for instance through power-heat coupling(3) Organisational improvement of the methods(4) Prevention of product losses
3. Changing of the production methods
11.06.02
Reduction of wastewater loads and costs through internal company measures III
4. Changing of the transport methods
(1) Dry conveyance(2) Installation of transport circuits
(1) Multiple sub-division of process water (cascades, circulation)(2) Re-use of purified process water, rainwater, exhaust vapour condensates, or wastewater(3) Pipeline cleaning, high-pressure cleaning, cleaning with ultrasound).
Bottle cleaning with the reverse-flow principle
5. Changing of the purification methods
(1) Installation of circulations and stacking tanks for mutliple utilisation(2) Closed cooling circuits, switching to air cooling(3) Dry-cooling methods, evaporation cooling
6. Changing of water guidance and cooling methods
(1) Product extraction from coller sludgeand product residues(2) Extraction of by-products from solid and liquid production waste(3) Extraction and utilisation of fruit water
7. Extraction and recovery of precious substances from product residues, waste, and wastewater
11.06.02
Paper mill Schoellershammer
The paper mill Schoellershammer is the only company in Germany producing corrugated cardboard and fine paper – in separate plants, but still in one company.
In the corrugated cardboard production, you already find an extensively closed process water circuit.
600.000 m³/a drinking water
waste paper
long sieve
cleaning
pressespulp tissue
11.06.02
The inevitable wastewater, which carries a high BOD load, is preliminarily treated in an anaerobic wastewater treatment unit (Anaerobic Area) and then discharged into the municipal wastewater treatment plant (Aerobic Area).
Paper mill SchoellershammerThe paper mill Schoellershammer is the only company in Germany producing corrugated cardboard and fine paper – in separate plants, but still in one company.
In the corrugated cardboard production, you already find an extensively closed process water circuit.
600.000 m³/a Frischwasser
waste paper
long sieve
cleaning
pressespulp tissue
11.06.02
Paper mill Schoellershammer
The wastewater from the fine paper production is directly discharged to the wastewater treatment plant (aerobic activation method) withough re-use or
preliminary treatment.
Fresh water demand: 1.200.000 m³/a !
In order to save fresh water and to reduce the pollutant load, it was considered to combine the water streams of the two production lines.
pulp
long sieve
cleaning
pressespulp tissue
11.06.02
Paper mill Schoellershammer
The environmentally relevant investment costs for the projects amounted to 700.000 € It was supported by a federal grant of 100.000 €.
Project:
The anaerobically pre-treated wastewater from the corrugated cardboard production is then treated aerobically and re-used with no more than half of the wastewater from the fine paper production which has been filtered in a gravel filter in a so called „cross-circulation“ .
Targets:
• Saving of 50% of fresh water in the corrugated cardboard production.• Reduction of the BOD load in the wastewater => Reduction of the• Reduction of the settleable solids => wastewater fees
11.06.02
Paper mill Schoellershammer
waste paper
long sieve
cleaning
pressespulp tissue
pulp
long sieve
cleaning
pressespulp tissue
11.06.02
Paper mill Schoellershammer
Corrugated cardboard
Fine paper
before 170.000 70.000
after the change 63.600 65.540
before 220.000 150.000
after the change 42.600 141.250
before 600.000 1.200.000
after the change 600.000 1.130.000
waste water quantity
m³/a
settleable solids
kg/a
BOD5 kg/a
62%
80%
Saving
70.000 m³/a
11.06.02
• Closing of the circulation up to 100 % possible, in case of low paper quality (loads partly remain in the product)
• Concentrations increase in case of circulation constriction
• Specific loads decrease in case of circulation constriction
• Problems with increasing closing of the circlation– Micro-biological oxygen consumption– Anaerobic conversion processes– Corrosion– Accumulation of disturbing substances
Process water circulation in the paper production
11.06.02
Integrated treatment at the paper mill
- Substance processing
- Paper machine- Vacuum pump
- Sludge recirculation to the pulper
- Production wastewater
Evaporation10 m³ / h
Fresh water10 - 35 m³ / h
Production Chem.-mech. stage biolog. stage
Re-aeration100 m³
Buffertank
Turbo-circulator200 m² Anaerobic
moving-bed-reactor
Acidification150 m³
Floatation60 m²
Sludge storage
25 m³ / h
25 m³ / h
Wastewater recirculation
Mixing tank300 m³
Rake
250 m³ / h 0 - 25 m³ / h 0 - 25 m³ / h
Effluent
[Haver 1998]
11.06.02
Product group Spec. wastewater production
m3 / t
COD load
kg / t
Tissue 10 - 50 8 - 15
wood-free papers 5 - 40 7 – 15
Cardboard 0 - 20 5 - 15
Wastewater amount and composition of the paper production (prior to cleaning) in the FRG
11.06.02
Modern possibilites of bit-stream treatment to close the circulation in Germany
• Membrane methods
• Vacuum evaporator
• Physical-biological treatment
• Process changes
• Ozone treatment
• Reverse-flow cascade rinsing baths
11.06.02
Vacuum evaporator
11.06.02
Cereal processing industry
Target: Process water treatment and re-use for
cleaning, cooling, wet washer
Annual amount:
160.000 m3/a
Particularity: High solids contents: 20.000 mg/l
Method: Vacuum evaporation + solids drying
Advantages: - strongly reduced wastewater amounts - solids can be used as animal feed - costs: approximately 1,25 € /m3
11.06.02
Eloxal plant of the AVN company at Nachrodt (2000)
Method: Vacuum evaporator without additional energy
Annual amount
5.000 m² eloxated aluminium profiles
800.000 m3/a cooling water
12.000 m³/a wastewater
1.000 m³/a sludge which must be disposed of
Result Heat discharge via cooling water substituted by heat exchanger for the operation of the vacuum evaporator (heat recovery)
=> cooling water –no longer necessary-
waste like acids + lyes are utilised by an external company
=> wastewater - none-
=> sludge to be disposed of - none -
11.06.02
Eloxalanlage der Fa. AVN in Nachrodt (2000)
Verfahren: Vakuumverdampfung ohne Zusatzenergie
Jahresmenge
5.000 m² eloxierte Alu-Profile
800.000 m3/a Kühlwasser
12.000 m³/a Abwasser
1.000 m³/a entsorgungspfl. Schlamm
Ergebnis Wärmeabfuhr über Kühlwasser ersetzt durch Wärmeaustauscher zum Betrieb des Vakuumverdampfers (Wärme-rückgewinnung)
=> Kühlwasser -entfällt-
Abfall Säuren + Laugen werden über Fremdfirma verwertet
=> Abwasser -entfällt-
=> entsorgungspfl. Schlamm -entfällt-
11.06.02
Schematic presentation of the separation performanceof membranes
cross flow Raw solution
Water small molecules
Permeat
membrane
small big molecules concentrat
11.06.02
Allocation of the membrane and filtration methods
0,0001 0,001 0,01 0,1 1 10 100
0,1
1
10
100
200
Kochsalz
Metallsalze
Viren Bakterien
Farbpigmente
Umkehrosmose
Nanofiltration
Ultrafiltration
Mikrofiltration
Filtration
Partikel- bzw. Molekülgröße [µm]
[Nach BAUMGARTEN, 1998]
Dru
ckd
iffer
enz
[bar
]
11.06.02
Membrane test cell plant of the ISAH
11.06.02
GersteFrisch- wasser
Naß- Weiche
Spritzmalz, zum Keimkasten
Prozeßwasser, verunreinigt
Brauch- wasser- vorlage Brauchwasser, sauber
Filtratpumpe
Luftzufuhr
getauchte Mikrofiltrations- module
Membran- biologie
Malthouse: Integrated process water treatmentIndustrial test plant (Kraft, 1997)
11.06.02
Malthouse: Integrated process water treatmentIndustrial test plant (Kraft, 1997)
Target: Process water treatment and 100%
circulation as process water.
Particularity: Approx. 60% of the process water remain in the product
Method: Membrane biology (low pressure) Membrane size 0,2-0,4 m
Advantages: - high effluent quality, BODinfl=1500 mg/l; BODeff=5 mg/l NH4-Ninfl = 50 mg/l; NH4-Neffl. = <1 mg/l
- bacteria and germs strongly reduced, Bacillus, zu = 4x106; Bacillus,ab = n.n.
- low space demand
- hardly any surplus sludge production
11.06.02
An overall PIUS concept of the brewing industry
(BmBF-Project 01 ZF9501/3 upt GmbH, Final Report 11/2000)
11.06.02
Process water re-use in the beverage industry
Bit-stream Re-use as
Exhaust vapour condensate Furnace feeding water
Bottle cleaning Lye treatment and circulation
Bottle cleaning (2. splashing water)
Circulation
Ion-exchanger regenerate Fresh water
Effluent wastewater treatment plant
Furnace feeding water
Vacuum pump effluent Circulation
11.06.02
Saving potential of the internal processing
Flaschen-reinigung
Feststoff-abtrennung
Ultrafiltration /Nanofiltration
regenerierte TensidlösungTensid/Lauge
Frischwasser
Abfall(Schmutz- undSchwebstoffe)
verbrauchteTensidlösung/Abwasser
Flaschen-reinigung
Feststoff-abtrennung
von Grobstoffen befreite Tensidlösung
Tensid/Lauge
Abfall(Schmutz- undSchwebstoffe)
Abwasser
(regelmäßigerKomplettaustausch)
(Nachschärfung)
11.06.02
Process water re-use in a brewery
Lye processing with Mikro- Ultra-, Nanofiltration (Schildbach 2000)
COD-retention
Lyeretentionretention
Tensideretention
Micro-filtration 24 % 0 % 50 %
Ultra-filtratioin 34 % 0 % 80 %
Nano-filtration 61 % 0 % 85 %
Advantage:- clean lye ( contact time extension)- increased cleaning performance
Dis-advantages:
- higher demand for de-foaming agents- loss of tensides
11.06.02
Process water re-use in a brewery
Processing of Effluent water from a WWTPas furnace feeding water (Rosenwinkel, 2000)
EffluentBrewery-WWTP(after filtration):
Method:
Result:
COD = 22 mg/lFilt. solids = 2,7 mg/lCl = 607 mg/l
Reverse osmosis
- good permeability- good salt retention- good carbon retention (Ca<10 mg/l)
11.06.02
Apple rinsing washing water
To apple pressingWashing stage
Apple storage container
Conveyor beltRevolving sievefor separation ofcoarse solids
Existing flow-way
Storage of rinsing waterMBR plant
gap drum sieve
Aperture width: 1mmZenon Module
Intendedcirculation-closure
Filtrate extr.
11.06.02
COD development in the pilot plant
1
10
100
1.000
10.000
100.000
date
OD
B [
mg
/l]
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
CO
D r
ed
uc
tio
n r
ate
[%
]
Input Outlet reduction rate
11.06.02
Back-rinsing, 70 m³/d
Fountainwater
Surpluswater, 330 m³/d
350 m³, 18°CSprinkler
Tank
Basketfilter
Cable
Plastic
400°CGlassfibre
22°C17°C
Cable
Copperconductor
Plastic
150°C
22°C17°C
Heat exchanger with cooling tower
Water circulation closure in a cable factory, before(Kroschu-Kabelwerke, 1999)
11.06.02
Cable
Plastic
Plastic
400°CGlass fibre
22°C17°C
Cable
copperconductor150°C
22°C17°C
Heat exchangerwith refrigerator plant
Back-rinsing
Water circulation closure in a cable factory, after
Gravelbedfilter
UV
350 m³, 18°Cbuffer
storage
(Kroschu-Kabelwerke, 1999)
11.06.02
• Saving of surplus water of 330 m³/d
• Reduction of the wastewater amount from
76.000 m³/a to 409 m³/a
• Reduction of the fountain water extraction for coolingfor cooling from 348 m³/d to 2 m³/d
• Improved keeping of the temperature and thussaving of energy for the pumps
• Lower filter rinsing water demand
• Investment 237.000 €/Subsidy 100.000 €
Water circulation closure in a cable factory, results(Kroschu-Kabelwerke, 1999)
11.06.02
• The water supply in the FRG is higher than the water consumption
• The utilisation factor depends on the respective industrial branches
• PIUS is both ecologically and economically sensible• The methods for water or wastewater processing for circulation must be
examined individually for every application case
• On an European scale, currently the Best Reference Documents are being created, in which the BVT technologies are compiled with concrete data; some have already been compiled. These documents will serve to promote PIUS world-wide.
http://eippcb.jrc.es./pages/Fmembers.htm
Summary and Outlook
11.06.02
Company internal measures
Production area Suggestions
General Water meters, removal of leakages, avoiding of product losses, fittings, high pressure cleaning implements, dry cleaning, further education of staff
Yard and vehicle cleaning
circulations, exhaust vapour condensate
Preliminary washing (vegetable and fruit transport)
Circulations, exhaust vapour condensates, ... Schließwasser, cooling water
Fruit and vegetable washing
exhaust vapour condensates, settling tank
Aroma production
Juice concentration
exhaust vapour water, cooling water circulation, multi-stage evaporator
...Schönung ...Schönungstrub, utilisation of exhaust vapour condensate
Filtration dry discharge, emptying of residual juice
Storage exhaust vapour condensate
Bottling ...Produktvor- und –nachläufe, lye stacking, circulation
Water processing regenerate waters
Syrup room prevention of losses
Room cleaning exhaust vapour condensates, water saving valves, circulation cleaning (CIP)
Bottle washing Pulsating ...Spritzungen, circulations
Heat and cold production
Condensate recirculation, cooling towers
Lye baths lye stacking, dosed discharge, circulations