1111thth Grade: Grade: 08/14/0708/14/07

• Today’s Agenda:

–Check HW–Receive Textbooks–Class Lecture/Notes: Nouns–In-class Practice and Homework

Meet the NounMeet the Noun• A noun is a word used to name a person, place, a

thing, or an idea.• Two types of nouns: common and proper

Persons architects travelers students Angie

Places New York island school mall

Things goat eggs camera paint

Ideas education beliefs ambition love

Common vs. Common vs. ProperProper

• Common Noun – names any one of a group of persons, places, ideas, or things

• Proper Noun – names a particular person, place, idea, or thing

Common

city teacher book calmness

Proper Boston Angie Beowulf Zen

Concrete or Concrete or Abstract?Abstract?• A concrete noun names an object than can be

perceived by the senses.• An abstract noun names a quality, characteristic,

or an idea

Concrete

fire garlic lemon pigeon

Abstract purity strength charm ability

CollectiveCollective• Names a group

Collective

swarm herd mass population

CompoundCompound• Consists of two or more words used together as a

single noun• May be seen as one word, separate words, or

hyphenated words

One Word sidewalk tablecloth Greenland

Separate attorney general

telephone pole New York City

Hyphenated

daughter-in-law

great-grandfather

jack-o’-lantern

In-Class PracticeIn-Class Practice• Classify the following nouns as collective or

compound:– Group, Brooklyn Bridge, House of Representatives, covey,

committee

• Classify the following nouns as common or proper:

– vacation, girl, Manhattan, Lake Martin, Mardi Gras, Spanish, language

• Classify the following nouns as concrete of abstract:

– Dog, love, sunlight, mirror, garden, confidence, home, house, Alabama, heat, rain

HomeworkHomework

• Grammar Book: pg. 555 Exercise 1-ALL

PronounsPronounsPronounsPronouns

• A pronounpronoun is a word used in place of a noun or of more than one noun– Ex: Angelo borrowed a hammer and some nails. He

will return them tomorrow.(the pronoun he takes the place of the noun Angelo. The pronoun them

takes the place of the nouns hammer and nails.)

– AntecedentAntecedent: the word that a pronoun stands for.• For example, in the sentence above, Angelo is the

antecedent of he.

PronounsPronounsPronounsPronouns

• A pronounpronoun may also take the place of another pronoun.– Ex: Several of the students have entered the essay

contest because they are extremely interested in the topic.

(the pronoun they takes the place of the pronoun Several.)

– AntecedentAntecedent: the word that a pronoun stands for.• For example, in the sentence above, Several is the

antecedent of they.

PronounsPronounsPronounsPronouns– Types of PronounsTypes of Pronouns:

• Personal Pronouns: a personal pronoun refers to the one speaking (first person), the one spoken to (second person), or the one spoken about (third person).

First person

I, me, mine

we, us our, ours

Second

Person

you your yours

Third Person

he, him, his

she, her, hers

it, its they, them

their, theirs

PronounsPronounsPronounsPronouns– Types of PronounsTypes of Pronouns:

• Reflexive Pronouns: refer to the subject of a sentence and directs the action of the verb back to the subject.

– Ex: Kimiko wrote herself a note. • Intensive Pronoun: emphasizes the antecedent.

– Ex: Laura herself organized the school’s recycling program.

First person

myself ourselves

Second

Person

yourself yourselves

Third Person

himself herself itself themselves

PronounsPronounsPronounsPronouns– Types of PronounsTypes of Pronouns:

• Demonstrative Pronouns: point out a person, a place, or a thing.

– Ex: This is our favorite song by Ella Fitzgerald.

• Interrogative Pronouns: introduce a question– Ex: What is the answer to the last question on the test?

– Ex: Whose car is parked in my place?

this that these those

who whom which what whose

PronounsPronounsPronounsPronouns– Types of PronounsTypes of Pronouns:

• Relative PronounsRelative Pronouns: introduces a subordinate (dependent) clause.

– Ex: The house that you saw is a historical landmark. – Ex: She is the woman who is running for President.

• Indefinite PronounsIndefinite Pronouns: refer to a person, place, idea, or thing that may or may not be specifically named.

– Ex: I have packed everything we will need for the trip.– Ex: Has anyone seen my notebook?

All, another, any, anybody, anyone, anything, both, each, either, everybody, everyone, everything, few, many, more, most, much, neither, nobody, none, no one, nothing, one, other, several, some, somebody, someone, something, such

that which who whom whose

Practice with PronounsPractice with Pronouns

• In class: Ex. 2 pg 558.

• Homework: Review A, pg 558 1-18.

• An adjective is a word used to modify a noun or a pronoun.

• They usually precede the words they modify.

Ex: The wild and graceful deer ran through the forest.

• Sometimes the adjective may come after the word it modifies.

Ex: The casserole was delicious.

• Articles – a, an, the

• “A” and “An” are indefinite articles, which refer to one of general group.

• “The” is a definite article, which indicates someone/something in particular.

Is it an adjective or a pronoun? The following words may be used as either adjectives or pronouns:

*Remember that an adjective modifies a noun and that a pronoun takes the place of a noun.

all each more one that what

another either most other these which

any few much several this whose

both many neither some those

Nouns as Adjectives?Nouns as Adjectives?

• Nouns can be used as adjectives…

• An adjective formed from a proper noun must be capitalized, and is called a proper adjective.

NOUNSNouns used as

ADJECTIVES

business business

letter

tuna fish tuna fish

salad

United

States

United States

Government

Extra PracticeExtra Practice

• Classwork: Ex. 3 pg 562 Identifying Adjectives and the Words They Modify 1-10. Place this in your notes.

• Homework: Review B pg 562 Identifying Nouns, Pronouns, and Adjectives. 1-10. Place this in your homework notebook

The VerbThe Verb

A verb is a word used to express action A verb is a word used to express action or a state of beingor a state of being

A verb may be in A verb may be in actionaction or or linking linking formform

Action VerbsAction Verbs

An action verb expresses physical or An action verb expresses physical or mental activitymental activity

An action verb may take the form of either a An action verb may take the form of either a transitive verbtransitive verb or or intransitive verbintransitive verb

PhysicalPhysical writewrite sitsit arisearise describedescribe

MentalMental remember remember thinkthink believebelieve considerconsider

Transitive VerbTransitive Verb

An action verb that takes an object – a An action verb that takes an object – a word that tells who or what receives the word that tells who or what receives the actionaction

Ex:Ex: Everyone in the school Everyone in the school cheeredcheered

the football team.the football team.

Nikki Giovanni Nikki Giovanni writeswrites poetry. poetry.

Intransitive VerbIntransitive Verb

An action verb that does not take an An action verb that does not take an objectobject

Ex:Ex: The goat The goat smiledsmiled..

Suddenly, the child next to theSuddenly, the child next to the

door door screamedscreamed..

Linking VerbsLinking Verbs

Connects the subject with a word that Connects the subject with a word that identifies or describes itidentifies or describes it

Sometimes referred to as “state-of-being” Sometimes referred to as “state-of-being” verbsverbs

Ex:Ex: Patience Patience isis the best remedy for the best remedy for many troubles.many troubles. The dessert The dessert lookslooks delicious. delicious.

Linking Verbs (cont.)Linking Verbs (cont.)

Some linking verbs may be used as action Some linking verbs may be used as action verbs.verbs.

Linking:Linking: The soup The soup tastedtasted spicy.spicy. Action:Action: We We tastedtasted the soup.the soup.

Linking:Linking: She She feltfelt good about her report. good about her report. Action:Action: The explorers The explorers feltfelt rain on their rain on their faces.faces.

The Verb PhraseThe Verb Phrase Consists mainly of a main verb and at Consists mainly of a main verb and at

least one helping verb (also called an least one helping verb (also called an auxiliary verb) auxiliary verb)

Ex:Ex: has spoken has spoken

will be arrivingwill be arriving

should have been toldshould have been told

The Verb Phrase (cont.)The Verb Phrase (cont.)

The helping verb may be separated from The helping verb may be separated from the main verb by another wordthe main verb by another word

Ex:Ex: ShouldShould we we leaveleave immediately?immediately?

I I havehave not not readread Alice Walker’s Alice Walker’s

latest novel.latest novel.

[The Adverb]

An adverb is a word used to modify a verb, an adjective, or another adverb

Adverbs modify by telling how, when where, or to what extent

Ex: Marian sang magnificently. [how]

Marian sang earlier. [when]

Marian sang there. [where]

Marian sang frequently. [to what extent]

[The Adverb]

Some nouns may be used as adverbs.

Ex: They were happy to return home.

The teacher reviewed what had

been covered yesterday.

Prepositions A word used to show the relationship of

a noun or pronoun to some other word in the sentence.

Ex: The puppy ran beside me. The puppy ran around me. The puppy ran after me. The puppy ran past me.

Prepositions A preposition always introduces a

phrase. The noun that ends a prepositional

phrase is called the object of the preposition.

Ex: The puppy ran around me.

A conjunction is a word used to join words or group of words

Conjunctions

They join parts of a sentence that function in the same way. The parts

that are joined may be words, phrases, or clauses.

Conjunctions Conjunctions that join equal parts of a sentence are

called coordinating conjunctions.

and for but so

or yet nor

Ex: They played one waltz and two polkas.

We can walk to the mall or take the bus.

I looked for Hal, but he had already left.

Conjunctions

Conjunctions that are used in pairs are called correlative conjunctions

both…and neither…nor

either…or whether…or

not only…but also

Ex:Neither the drama club nor the band have rehearsal today.

Both the track team and the volleyball team enjoyed a winning season.

InterJectionsInterJections An interjection is a word that expresses emotion and has no

grammatical relation to other words in the sentence.

Examples:

Interjections are usually followed by an exclamation point (!) An interjection with mild emotion is set off from the sentence by a

comma or commas Examples:

Well, I’m just not sure. When I’m having a bad week, oh, I can hardly wait

for the weekend.

Ouch! Ugh! Wow! Oops! Aha!