11 SDH Technology

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SDH Te chnology

SDH Technology


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SDH Te chnology2. 29

The PDH limitations:

Incompatibility of standard equipment fromdifferent vendors

US and European systems have too little incommon - Expensive mediators for transatlantic

transmission

No self checking - expensive manual check andrepair system

No standard for high bandwidth links - proprietary


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NOVEMBER 1988...


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G.707 , G.708 , G709 (G.707 SINCE 03/96)Transmission ratesSignal formatMultiplexing structures

Tributary mapping for the network nodeinterface

G.781 , G782 , G.783

Operation of synchronous multiplexers

G.784SDH network management

TheMain Standards


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High transmission rates Lower level signals embedded and can be

identified from the higher level (much

simpler Add & Drop) Optical standard

Can be introduced into existing networks

Allowance of European and North American

PDH systems

The SDH Advantages:


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High availability and capacity matching Reliability

Prepared for future applications:

HDTV \ LAN \ MAN \ ISDN Network management channels (the data

used for maintenance is embedded in the

signal)

Centralized network control enabled

through the management channels

More of the SDH Advantages:


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SDH

Synchronous Digital Hierarchy

An international standard for high-speed

optical / electrical telecommunicationsnetworks

A synchronous digital transport systemwith a built-in management channel for

remote management of complextopologies


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Tributaries

1.5 Mbps

2 Mbps

6 Mbps

34 Mbps

45 Mbps

140 Mbps

STM-1 Electrical

STM-1 Optical

STM-4 Optical

LAN / MAN

FDDI

ISDN / BISDN

ATM

Video

Aggregates

STM-1 155 Mbps

STM-4 622 Mbps

STM-16 2.4 Gbps

STM-64 10 Gbps

Synchronous Multiplexer Interfaces


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TERMINALMULTIPLEXER

STM-n

STM-m

E1-E4

TMREGENERATOR

REGSTM-n STM-n

ADD-and-DROP

MULTIPLEXER

E1-E4

STM-n

STM-nSTM-nADM

ADD-and-DROP MULTIPLEXER with

LOCAL CROSS-CONNECT

CAPABILITY

STM-n

E1-E4

STM-n STM-nLXC

SYNCHRONOUS DIGITAL

CROSS-CONNECT

SDXCSTM-n

STM-n

E1-E4

STM-m

STM-n

SDH Equipment


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Point-to-Point

Add-Drop MultiplexerDigital Cross-Connect

Terminal Multiplexer

Chain

Ring

Star (Hub)

Mesh

Network Topologies


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Management

Station

Ethernet

SDH

MultiplexerNetwork

Gateway

Site 4

Site 1

Site 3

Site 2

Network Management


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Management Functions

Alarm / Event Management

Configuration Management

Performance Management

Access and Security Management


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FiberHighway

Transport Systems

Pleisiochronous

STM-n

Video34

Mbps

2 Mbps2 Mbps

...2 Mbps

S D H


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RegeneratorSection

MultiplexerSection

MultiplexerSection

Path

RegeneratorSection

T

ributaries

SDHTerminal

Multiplexer

Traffic Assembly

Tributaries

SDHTerminal

Multiplexer

SDHAdd & DropMultiplexer

SDHRegenerator

SDHRegenerator

Traffic Disassembly

SDH Network Segments

RegeneratorSection


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main:

PathProtection

SectionProtection

Protection Schemes

protection:


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Multiplexing Process Step By Step

E1

StaffingBytes

C-12

POHVC-12

TU

p.

TU-12x

3TUG-2

x

7TUG-3x 3

P

athOverhead

VC-4AU-4 P.

MS

RS

Example for multiplexing 2Mbps tributary

into STM-1 level


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Multiplexing Structure

139.264 Mbps

x3

AU-4 C-4

AU-3 VC-3

VC-4STM-nxN

AUGx1

x3

x7 x7 6.312 Mbps

C-2VC-2TU-2

2.048 MbpsC-12VC-12TU-12

TUG-2x1

x3

x4TU-11 VC-11

1.544 Mbps

C-11

TUG-3x1

44.736 Mbps34.368 Mbps

C-3

TU-3 VC-3

* Pointer ProcessingMultiplexingAligningMapping

AUG Administrative Unit GroupAU Administrative UnitTUG Tributary Unit GroupTU Tributary UnitVC Virtual ContainerC Container *

*

*

*

*

*


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M Columns

N Rows

FB

B B

B

B B

N x M Bytes

1

2Order oftransmission

N x M BytesF F FF

Signal Structure


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SDH Te chnology19. 299 rows x 270 columns x 8 bits / byte x 8000 f/s = 155.52 Mbps

AU Pointer

RegeneratorSection

Overhead(RSOH)

MultiplexerSection

Overhead

(MSOH)

270 Columns (Bytes)

261 Bytes9 Bytes

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

P a y l o a d

STM-1 Frame Structure


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9Rows Section

Overhead

260

Columns

1

Column

Payload Capacity = 149.76 MbpsDesigned for 140 Mbps transport

F F FFSerial Signal Stream155.52 Mbps

PathO

verhead

STM-1 Virtual Container (VC-4)


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155.52 Mbps Serial Signal StreamF F FF

Sectio

n

Overhe

ad

9Row

s

P

athOverhead

261

Columns

TributaryUnit Frame

Tributary Unit Frame Structure

STM-1Payload

area


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Sectio

n

Overhe

ad

9Row

s

P

athOverhe

ad

155.52 Mbps Serial Signal StreamF F FF

Tributary Unit Frame Structure

261

Columns

TU Pointer

VC PathOverhead

Low-rateTributary

SignalContainer

VirtualContainer


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Optimized for

N. AmericanDS2 signal(6.312 Mbps)

12columns

TU-2

6.912 Mbps

Europeansignal(2.048 Mbps)

4columns

TU-12

2.304 Mbps

9

R

o

ws


3columns

TU-11

1.728 Mbps


Will also carry aEuropean

signal(34.368 Mbps)

86columns

TU-3

49.54 Mbps

TU pointers area

Different Sizes of Tributary Unit Frames


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TU-12

1-4-2

TU-2

2-4

TU-xx Numbering System

TU-3

3


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Byte-InterleavedMultiplexer

STM-4(4 * STM-1)

Denotes 8-bit ByteAt STM-4 Signal Rate

t

t

STM-1Signal A

STM-1Signal B

STM-1Signal C

STM-1Signal D

Denotes 8-bit ByteAt STM-1 Signal Rate

t = timing rate

Synchronous Byte-Interleaved Multiplexing


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Byte-InterleavedMultiplexer

9720 (270 * 9 * 4 Bytes / Frame) x 8 (Bits / Byte) x 8000 f/s = 622.08 Mbps

F F F

125 sec.Serial Signal Stream

9720 Bytes / Frame

STM-1 A

STM-1 B

STM-1 C

STM-1 D

261 columnsVC-4

9 columnsSOH

9 Rows

36 columns

InterleavedSectionOverhead

1044 columns

4 Interleaved VC-4s

9 Rows

STM-4 Frame Structure


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Overhead Functions

Define and build the SDH frame structure Provide data transportation monitoring indicators

Provide alarm state indications

Enable maintenance activities

Provide routing functions (protection switching)


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PathOverhead

(POH)

AdministrativeUnitPointers

RegeneratorSection

Overhead(RSOH)

Multiplexer

SectionOverhead

(MSOH)

S1Synch.Quality

Z1Growth

Z2Growth

M1REI

K3APS

K1MPS

K2RDI

H4Multi-frame

H1AU Pointer

H2AU Pointer

H3AU Pointer

D10Datacom

D11Datacom

D12Datacom

D7Datacom

D8Datacom

D9Datacom

D4Datacom

D5Datacom

D6Datacom

D1Datacom

D2Datacom

D3Datacom

E2Order-wire

E1Order-wire

F3User

F2User

F1User

A1Framing

A1Framing

A1Framing

A2Framing

A2Framing

A2Framing

J1PathTrace

J0Reg. Sec.

Trace

B3BIP-8

B1BIP-8

B2BIP-24

Section Overhead(SOH)

Overhead Detail

N1TandemConn.

G1Path

Status

C2SignalLabel

Mediadependent

usage (MDU)

MDU

Reserved fornational use


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Bytes reserved for national use

36 columns

B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2B2 K1 K2

B1 E1 F1

D1 D2 D3

D4 D5 D6

D7 D8 D9

D10 D11 D12

S1 M1 E2

A2 A2 A2 A2 A2 A2 A2 A2 A2 A2 Z0 Z0A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1A1 A2 A2 J0 Z0

Administrative Unit Pointer(s)

STM-4 Section Overhead Byte Structure

11 SDH Technology

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