11 Relationships in Different Cultures 2012

8/3/2019 11 Relationships in Different Cultures 2012

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Define the term culture.

Can animals be said to have culture?

What are collectivist and individualisticcultures?

What are the key differences between

relationships in different cultures?

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Define the terms culture, collectivist andindividualistic cultures.

Describe how marriages are arranged inmany cultures. Describe and evaluate research into the

success of arranged marriages, including in

western countries. Consider culture bias in relationship research. Discuss issues surrounding the paying of

dowries in come cultures.

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The cultural differences in interpersonal

relationships remind us that scientists, likeeveryone else, are socialised within a givencultureThe cultural values and

environmental conditions in North Americahave led Northern American social

psychologists to be primarily concerned with

first-time acquaintances, friendships and

intimate relationships. Modhaddam et al(1993)


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An American asks How does my heart feel?

A Chinese asks What will other people say?.

Hsu (1981)

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Shared, learned beliefs, values and social

behaviours characterising a group.

Collectivist cultures: the group, family, tribeetc is of paramount importance. Fulfilling

obligations to the group is more importantthan personal happiness.

Individualistic cultures: the individual is ofparamount importance. The individual has a

right to be happy and fulfilled.

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What cultural and sub-cultural groupings do

you belong to?

What are the values of these groups (ingeneral, and with reference to relationships

in particular)?

Do different groups that you belong to have

conflicting values? If so how do you deal withthis?

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How are romantic relationships viewed incollectivist and individualistic cultures?

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What are arranged marriages?

What are forced marriages?

What does it mean to say that relationships insome cultures are obligatory, permanent andcollectivist?

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Obligatory Permanent

Collectivist

(chosen by others) (no divorce)

(alliances betweenfamilies or othergroups)

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According to Batabyal (2001) what are the

roles ofwellwishers and the agentin

arranging a marriage? How do modern arranged marriages differ

from those in the past?

How successful are arranged marriages?

Describe and evaluate research into arranged andlove marriages in India and China.

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A construct is a concept, model or method used bypsychologists to investigate a question.

Emic constructs are universal they apply equally

well to all people. Etic constructs are specific to particular cultures. Culture bias arises when etic constructs are

assumed to be emic.

E.g. IQ tests and probably the strange situationwere assumed to be emic, but are actually etic.Explainwhy.

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Use the concept of imposed etics to criticise

research into arranged marriages.

In what way is relationship research ingeneral guilty of culture bias?

What assumptions about relationships makethe research conducted in theUSA and

Europe culturally biased?

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What are

acculturation?

acculturation-

stress?

Integration?

Assimilation?

Separation?

Marginalisation?

What does recent research tell us about attitudes toarranged marriages in western countries?

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Discuss research into relationships in

different cultures 25 marks

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Explain why:

Dowries were banned by an act of parliament in

1961. The giving of dowries continues to take place.

What is the evidence for this?

This is considered a serious human rights issue.

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11 Relationships in Different Cultures 2012

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