11 Landscape and Visual Impact

CEMEX UK Cement Ltd Southam Quarry ROMP Environmental Statement

11 Landscape and Visual Impact

11.1 Introduction This chapter of the report describes the potential effects of the proposed development on the landscape and visual resource.

The content and scope of this assessment has been agreed through the scoping process with Warwickshire County Council. The Scoping Report was submitted on the 9th December 2013 and comments were received on 4th February 2014. The approach was considered to be generally acceptable and additional or reinforced requirements in relation to the Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment (LVIA) are outlined below:

• The Grand Union Canal should be identified as a visual receptor. • Refer to relevant National Character Areas. • A full assessment of the potential impacts of the development on local

landscape character. • Undertake a cumulative impact assessment of other proposals currently at

Scoping stage.

11.2 Methodology The methodology for this assessment follows best practice guidance set out in:

• Guidelines for Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment (GLVIA), Landscape Institute and Institute of Environmental Management & Assessment, Third Edition 2013.

• Landscape Character Assessment – Guidance for England and Scotland, The Countryside Agency and Scottish Natural Heritage 2002.

The LVIA is founded on the GLVIA approach that:

• Systematically identifies the main predicted landscape impacts on the landscape resources of the application site, and the character of its context, both adverse and beneficial.

• Systematically identifies the main predicted visual impacts of the proposal, both adverse and beneficial, on defined categories of visual receptors.

• Estimates the magnitude and significance of these impacts. • Describes the process of enhancement and mitigation of the predicted

temporary and permanent impacts.

11.3 Site Context An aerial photograph of the site is shown on Figure 11.01 and features are identified and mapped on Phase 1 Habitat Survey plan Figure 10.2.

A detailed study area for the LVIA, extending to approximately 2km radius from the proposal boundary, has been assumed appropriate for the scale and nature of

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the proposed development. The extent of our proposed study area is shown on Figure 11.02.

11.4 Project Description A Review of Mineral Planning Permissions (ROMP) under the provisions of the Environment Act 1995 is required to provide a modern set of working conditions for the whole of permitted area (S965/97CM028) which covers Southam Old Quarry and Griffins Farm. The ROMP boundary is shown on Figure 11.01.

The working scheme (detailed within Key GeoSolutions report 12-076-R-002, March 2013) indicates that for Year 1 to 7 there will be an overlap between the two excavation areas, Griffins Farm and Spiers Farm, until Unit C is available within Griffins Farm.

It is estimated that approximately 769,000m³ of soil and overburden will require removal from Griffins Farm site, which, during Years 1 to 5, will be placed directly into a perimeter screening bund that will contribute to landscape and visual mitigation of the quarry development. The design of the bund will assist in screening negative impacts from key viewpoints.

After Year 5, there is potential for overburden to be stored in a temporary tip to the southwest of the extraction area.

From Year 10 onwards it will be possible for overburden and soils to be placed directly into restoration.

11.5 Assumptions We have made the following assumptions in undertaking the LVIA:

• The LVIA will be undertaken using the existing quarry as the baseline condition.

• The LVIA will be based on a worst case winter scenario. • Viewpoints and surveys will only been undertaken from publicly accessible

locations. • For this assessment, significant effects will be those judged to be Moderate or

Large Adverse or Beneficial. • There are no other large scale quarries or industrial sites within the study area.

Therefore, we have not carried out a cumulative assessment. • Accurate visualisations, photomontages and computer generated ZTV are not

required. It is judged that photographs of the existing quarry site and plans of proposed future workings will be sufficient for the reader to fully understand the landscape and visual impact of the scheme, and that this approach is proportionate to the development type proposed.


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11.6 Landscape Baseline

11.6.1 Landscape Policy Landscape related planning policies and studies relevant to the development site are described below.

European Landscape Convention (ELC): The ELC defines landscape as “an area, as perceived by people, whose character is the result of the action and interaction of natural and/or human factors”.

National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF): The NPPF states that design policies should avoid unnecessary prescription or detail and should concentrate on guiding the overall scale, density, massing, height, landscape, layout, materials and access of new development in relation to neighbouring buildings and the local area more generally.

The planning system should contribute to and enhance the natural and local environment by:

• Protecting and enhancing valued landscapes, geological conservation interests and soils.

• Recognising the wider benefits of ecosystem services. • Minimising impacts on biodiversity and providing net gains in biodiversity

where possible, contributing to the Government’s commitment to halt the overall decline in biodiversity, including the establishment of coherent ecological networks that are more resilient to current and future pressures.

• Preventing both new and existing development from contributing to or being put at unacceptable risk from, or being adversely affected by unacceptable levels of soil, air, water or noise pollution or land instability.

• Remediating and mitigating despoiled, degraded, derelict, contaminated and unstable land, where appropriate.

The NPPF also states that local authorities should ensure that high quality restoration and aftercare of mineral sites takes place, including for agriculture (safeguarding the long term potential of best and most versatile agricultural land and conserving soil resources), geodiversity, biodiversity, native woodland, the historic environment and recreation.

Warwickshire Structure Plan 1996-2011

The Warwickshire Structure Plan policies were formally revoked by Statutory Order SI 2013/933 on 20th May 2013 and the saved Warwickshire Structure Plan policies no longer form part of the statutory development plan for Warwickshire.

Warwickshire Minerals Local Plan 1995

Policy M9 is a saved policy that states that restoration of workings will be “to a high standard and beneficial after use will be required in accordance with the Development Plan. Satisfactory arrangements for aftercare will also be sought”.

Appendix 2 states that “full details of all outstanding landscape issues, including protection of existing trees and hedges, species mix, spacing, densities, and


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measures for the protection and maintenance of proposed tree and hedge planting, will have to be submitted and approved before any development takes place”.

Stratford-on-Avon Local Development Framework Draft Core Strategy 2012

This document has not yet been formally adopted, however it sets out the District’s priorities. Landscape matters are covered by Strategic Objective 2 – Planning to protect the character of settlements and the countryside and Strategic Objective 3 – Planning to protect the district’s heritage and distinctiveness. Section 8 also identifies the District’s assets of landscape, natural features, heritage assets, green infrastructure, and design and distinctiveness.

Policy CS10 – Landscape is directly relevant to the development proposals at Southam Quarry, and states:

A: Landscape Character and Enhancement

Development should have regard to the local distinctiveness of the historic character of the district’s different landscapes.

Development should protect landscape character and avoid detrimental effects on patterns and features which make a significant contribution to the character, history and setting of the settlement or area.

Wherever possible, measures should be incorporated into development schemes to enhance the landscape character of the locality.

B: Visual Impacts

Proposals for development should include an assessment of the likely visual impacts of the development on the local landscape or townscape, and the site’s immediate setting. Applications for major developments should be accompanied by a full landscape and visual impact assessment.

Where visual impacts are predicted, new landscaping should be incorporated to reduce the impact and enhance the existing landscape.

C: Trees, woodland and hedges

Due to the quality of ancient semi-natural woodland and veteran trees in the former Forest of Arden, and their relative scarcity elsewhere in the district, the onus is on those making development proposals that would affect these features to make clear how they are safeguarded.

Proposals that will have an impact on woodlands, hedges and trees should incorporate measures to recognize their contribution to landscape character, public amenity and biodiversity.

Where possible, proposals should enable the expansion of native woodland to help climate change adaptation by buffering expending fragmented ancient woodlands, to promote recreation, public health and the local economy.

Policy CS13 – Green Infrastructure states that “opportunities to improve Green infrastructure assets will be identified and secured through the assessment of development proposals and in the management of existing features. In considering individual schemes, the following two principles will be applied:


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• Maximising the manner in which green infrastructure features interconnect. • Achieving multi-functional, compatible uses of green infrastructure features.”

The Southam Area Policy Profile outlines a number of Policy Principles including:

• Enhance green infrastructure to support the function and use of the River Stowe and River Itchen as natural river corridors, which provide multi-functional benefits for flood defence, biodiversity, recreation and historic landscape quality.

• Support the restoration of the disused quarry alongside A426 to provide a high quality area for leisure and recreation, whilst supporting biodiversity and nature conservation interests.

• Improve the green infrastructure network to enhance linkages to and between important biodiversity and geodiversity features in the town’s hinterland. This includes the Ufton Fields SSSI and Long Itchington and Ufton Woods SSS1, and Stockton Railway Cutting and Quarry Geological SSSI.

• Encourage the use of disused quarries for employment and leisure uses.

Stratford-on-Avon District Design Guide (2001)

The purpose of the guide is to provide design guidance to applicants for planning permission. The main objective is to help secure designs that are local, sustainable and equitable. Of particular relevance to this project is the aspect of character and identity as set out in Section 2 of the Guide. The character of the Southam Quarry site is described in detail in the District’s character map, as outlined in Section 11.6.2 below. Section 3 of the guide identifies basic principles that should be considered in any development. These include noting the importance of specific features; character and sustainability; using a settlement as a design resource, and; innovation with a purpose.

In relation to landscape it identifies that “New development should respond to the location. As far as possible, existing levels, watercourses, vegetation, streets, field/plot patterns, buildings and landmarks should be incorporated as part of the design. Alterations to those features should be minimised”.

Stratford-on-Avon District Landscape Studies

Between 2011 and 2012 the District published three specific landscape studies carried out by White Consultants.

The first was a Landscape Sensitivity Assessment (July 2011). The study was undertaken to assist the District Council to determine the most appropriate locations for development, both housing and commercial. The area around Southam was studied and land to the east of Southam (south of the A426) was judged to have high sensitivity to commercial development.

A separate study was carried out titled Landscape Sensitivity Study for Local Service Villages (June 2012). The study followed the same format as for the main settlements and included the two villages close to Southam Quarry of Long Itchington and Stockton. The land surrounding Stockton was judged to have high sensitivity to commercial development. The land surrounding Long Itchington has a more varied sensitivity, with the south east fields closest to the quarry being


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judged to be of medium sensitivity to commercial development, and those to the north east as high/medium.

A third study has been carried out titled Special Landscape Area Study (June 2012) to consider the landscape character and visual appearance of these areas to provide guidance to the District Council as to whether these local designations should be reinstated and whether the emerging Core Strategy policies provide adequate protection. The Southam Quarry land was not assessed, however it is noted that the village of Long Itchington and land to the north of that did fall within the former Feldon Special Landscape Area (SLA). The study judged this area as having moderate natural landscape sensitivity and did not consider it justifiable to be included within a new candidate SLA.

11.6.2 Landscape Character

11.6.2.1 National Character Landscape character is a distinct, recognisable and consistent pattern of elements in the landscape that makes one place different from another, rather than better or worse. In England, 159 broad Character Areas have been mapped and described nationally. The study area is located within National Character Area (NCA) 96 – Dunsmore and Feldon, to the west of NCA 95 – Northamptonshire Uplands.

The ROMP application site is located towards the centre of the NCA, which is described by Natural England as an area of low ridges and valleys with woodlands creating a sense of confinement within an open landscape. It states that disused quarries are now prominent elements in the landscape, are of geological importance and have interesting grassland communities.

Statements of Environmental Opportunity outlined within the NCA include:

• Protecting and appropriately managing natural and manmade wetland habitats for their contribution to recreation, sense of place and geodiversity.

• Encouraging farmers and landowners to manage and extend their hedgerows so that run-off is significantly slowed down, flooding is reduced and a sense of place is reinforced.

• Restoring and creating ponds to re-establish the network of this habitat and to support the great crested newt population.

The NCA mentions that the on-going extension of Southam Quarry may create opportunities for substantial habitat creation in future years.

The sensitivity of this character area is considered to be medium, as it is in fair condition and tolerant of change.

11.6.2.2 Regional Character The Warwickshire Landscape Guidelines (1993) is a county-wide study concerned with the assessment of both local and regional landscape character. The regional character area that the Southam site falls within is identified as Feldon. This is ‘A lowland agricultural region strongly influenced by Tudor and Parliamentary enclosures, and characterised by heavy clay soils, and a nucleated settlement pattern of small rural villages. Human influences in this region had


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little impact during the Industrial Revolution as it remains largely rural. Specific to this project, the document states that Limestone quarrying for the cement industry, however, has had a localised impact around Stockton, Lighthorne, Harbury and Bishops Itchington. The vestiges of this industry are still apparent today and include the old quarry sites, disused railway lines and associated utilitarian housing. The sensitivity of this character area is considered to be medium, as it is in fair condition and tolerant of change.

Feldon is further sub-divided into four different landscape types, each of which is characterised by a particular aspect of the wider regional character. Southam Quarry site falls within Lias Village Farmlands. The overall character and qualities are described in the document as “A varied small scale, hedged landscape of scattered farms and nucleated brick and stone villages”.

The main area is centred on the town of Southam and includes the surrounding expanded villages of Long Itchington, Stockton, Harbury and Bishop’s Itchington. The influence of the local cement industry on the character of the area is noted, although now reduced to only one active site. These influences tend to be localised, either to the immediate vicinity of the old quarry sites or to the surrounding settlements. The exposures of rock, the spoil heaps and the areas of semi-natural vegetation all contribute to the areas distinctiveness. The main characteristic features listed in the report are:

• A varied, undulating topography with steep, often wooded scarp slopes and narrow incised river valleys.

• A well defined geometric pattern of small to medium sized fields. • Many hedgerow and roadside trees. • A nucleated settlement pattern of large and small villages. • Vernacular style Blue and White Lias stone buildings. • Disused quarries with semi-natural grassland and scrub.

The Warwickshire document provides general development guidelines that should be used to mitigate any adverse effects of development and in harnessing its many potentially enhancing effects. The management strategy for Lias Village Farmlands is to “Conserve the diversity and local distinctiveness of the landscape”.

The overall guidelines for this landscape character type are:

• Conserve and strengthen the regular pattern of small and medium sized, hedged fields.

• Enhance field pattern through more appropriate hedgerow management. • Conserve and enhance tree cover through regeneration and replanting of

hedgerow trees. • Enhance tree cover through small scale tree and woodland planting. • Conserve the rock exposures and areas of semi-natural vegetation associated

with disused limestone quarries.



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11.6.2.3 Local Character The Stratford-on-Avon District Design Guide (1998) states that the general character of Stratford-on-Avon District is one of rolling lowland countryside, much of it arable farmland. The character map has been drawn up on the basis of the Warwickshire Landscape Guidelines. The intended use of the document is as design guidance focusing on settlement location, structure and predominant building materials. There are five main character areas and the site falls within the Feldon Character Area. Feldon is derived from the Old English feld meaning ‘open land’.

Each of the character areas is further divided into sub-areas to account for more local differences. These are areas in which there is a degree of similarity in terms of landscape and settlement pattern. The site falls within the Lias Uplands Character Sub-area, on the boundary with Clay Vale, and the summary provided describes both the similarities and differences that make it identifiable:

• A varied rolling land form often associated with steep wooded scarp slopes, mostly draining to the Rivers Dene and Itchen without clearly defined basins.

• Many hedgerows and roadside trees; well defined geometric pattern of small to medium sized fields; disused quarries with semi-natural grassland and scrub.

• Compact villages sited on hill and ridgetops, hill sides and along narrow valley bottoms.

• Main building materials are White Lias Limestone (now known as Langport Member Limestone), Blue Lias Limestone and brick.


11.6.3 Landscape Designations There are no national landscape designations within the study area (Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty, National Parks or National Nature Reserves). There are however a number of local landscape designations that are shown on Figure 11.03 and described below.

11.6.3.1 Conservation Areas Southam and Long Itchington both have designated Conservation Areas encompassing their historic core. These are areas whereby developments and changes of use should respect the special qualities and historic context of the area in terms of design and materials. No Conservation Area Appraisal or Management Plan has been produced for either of these areas.

The northern limit of the Southam Conservation Area is approximately 0.5km from the ROMP boundary and there is a strong physical and visual divide formed by the linear corridor of the A423 and the suburban housing area to the east of Coventry Road. The sensitivity of this designated area is considered to be high, as it is a landscape valued at the regional level and that is susceptible to change.

The southern limit of the Long Itchington Conservation Area is approximately 1.2km from the ROMP boundary. The intervening agricultural fields are crossed by the linear corridors of the Grand Union Canal and the dismantled railway. The


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sensitivity of this designated area is considered to be high, as it is a landscape valued at the regional level and that is susceptible to change.

11.6.3.2 Scheduled Monuments and Listed Buildings If a building or structure is listed, English Heritage state that this “marks and celebrates a building's special architectural and historic interest, and also brings it under the consideration of the planning system so that some thought will be taken about its future”. With regards to landscape assessment, there is the potential for development to have beneficial or adverse effects on the setting of listed buildings.

Scheduled Monuments are nationally important sites and monuments that are given legal protection by being placed on a list, or 'schedule'. The significance of scheduled monuments derives not only from their physical presence, but also from their setting.

The closest listed building to the ROMP boundary is the Grade II listed Stockton Fields Farmhouse. It is located approximately 600m north east of the ROMP boundary and its setting is contained to the south west by surrounding vegetation resulting in no visual connection to the ROMP application site.

To the north of the ROMP boundary are two Grade II listed structures along the Grand Union Canal, a shop lock and a cottage building. The setting of both of these structures is contained by mature vegetation around the canal corridor resulting in no visual connection to the ROMP application site.

Beyond the settlement edge, approximately 1.5km south west from the ROMP boundary is the Grade II listed Stoney Thorpe Hall and its associated Grade II listed structures. Again, surrounding vegetation results in the ROMP application site being located outside the setting of these structures.

The Grade II listed Napton Road Farmhouse is located 1.1km from the ROMP boundary. Trees around the River Stowe and field boundaries with hedgerows and hedgerow trees contain its setting to the north, resulting in no visual connection to the ROMP application site.

To the west of Southam is The Holy Well, a Scheduled Monument and Grade II listed structure, approximately 1.2km from the ROMP boundary. The setting of The Holy Well is contained by surrounding vegetation and there is no visual connection to the ROMP application site.

All other listed buildings and structures are shown on Figure 11.03 and their setting is more obviously separate to any proposals within the ROMP boundary. The sensitivity of the setting of listed buildings is considered to be high, as it is a landscape valued at the national level and that is susceptible to change.

11.6.3.3 Local Nature Reserves The Local Nature Reserve (LNR) at Stockton Railway Cutting is described by the Warwickshire Wildlife Trust as a redundant railway cutting and abandoned quarry that have been transformed into a species rich SSSI – its grassland, woodland, scrub and pool creating a diverse haven for wildlife. The site includes parking, footpaths and information boards. It is approximately 1.6km north east of the


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ROMP boundary. The sensitivity of the LNR is considered to be high, as it is a landscape valued at the regional level and that is susceptible to change.

11.6.4 Site Features The site features that contribute to the local landscape character (within the site and on land immediately adjoining the site boundaries) include:

• Boundary vegetation: The dense vegetation along the roadside boundaries of both the A423 and A426. This consists primarily of native, deciduous, shrubs as a wide hedgerow or linear scrub corridor. It has an average height of approximately 5m on the site side along the whole length of these road corridors. Mature trees are also included at irregular intervals, giving a sense of maturity and height to the vegetation. This planting largely screens the views of the existing quarry from vehicle users of both roads. There is no footpath along either road, only a narrow grass verge forms the transition strip. The sensitivity of this landscape feature is considered to be medium as it is valued at the local level and has some limited scope for enhancement.

• Existing Southam Quarry: The existing quarry itself is situated within the western half of the ROMP boundary area. The dominant distinctive feature is the exposed geology, formed as shelves and steep banks showing the different geological strata. These are linked by hard surfaced vehicle access tracks. The south west corner of the site has already been restored and allowed to fill with water to create lakes. There are also features with biodiversity value present on site, including a significant linear woodland running north-west to south-east and transition zones of grassland and scrub. The sensitivity of this feature is considered to be medium as it has become valued at a local level and is less tolerant of change.

• Agricultural land under cultivation: The south east half of the ROMP area consists of small scale agricultural fields. It covers five complete fields and parts of a further four. These fields all have traditional hedgerow boundaries, with occasional hedgerow trees. The land here slopes gently down to the south east, typical of the gently rolling topography in the locality. A public footpath between Stockton and Southam crosses parts of the eastern edges of the site. Griffins Farm lies to the centre of this half of the site. The sensitivity of this site landscape is considered to be medium, as it is valued at the local level, is in fair condition and may be tolerant to a degree of change.

11.7 Visual Baseline For the purposes of our assessment, we propose to split visual receptors into groups by Residential, Recreational / Public, Employment / Commercial and Transport as described below.

The location of Public Rights of Way and Viewpoint locations are shown on Figure 11.05 whilst photographs are shown on Figures 11.06 to Figure 11.08.


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11.7.1 Potential Receptors

11.7.1.1 Residential Residential receptors that that may receive potentially significant visual effects are judged to be those described below. Residential properties are assessed in groups that have similar views towards the site.

They are judged to have a high sensitivity to change, as attention would often be focused on the townscape surrounding the property rather than on another focused activity.

Model Village: Properties located within Model Village experience views from house frontages across the street towards other residential properties and rear views across surrounding agricultural land and open space. From properties in the south west of the village there are some with filtered views of the quarry site across vegetation and the A423 in the winter months.

Long Itchington West: Properties located along the southern edge of Church Road and Thorn Way experience front views across the street towards other residential properties and rear views across a low lying agricultural landscape. The redundant chimney stack at Southam Quarry is prominent on the horizon. Photograph 8 shows a representative view towards the ROMP site from Bascote Road.

Greaves Cottages and Stockton Fields Farm: Residential properties located along Stockton Road with front views across agricultural fields towards Southam Quarry. The redundant chimney stack at Southam Quarry can be seen above a group of mature deciduous trees but the existing quarry face and excavations cannot be seen due to local topography and vegetation. Photograph 5 shoes the view towards the ROMP site from Stockton Road.

Napton Road: Residential properties located along Napton Road. The properties have both their front and rear views curtailed by surrounding vegetation.

Stockton West: Residential properties located along Tuckwell Close, Laurel Drive and St. Michael’s Crescent have front views towards other residential properties and rear views across gardens. Upper storey views extend across the farmland located to the west of Stockton.

Farmsteads south east of Stockton: Residential properties at Rectory Farm, Green Farm and Laurels Farm have localised views across surrounding farmland and farm buildings that are curtailed by garden vegetation and the hedgerow boundaries of surrounding fields. Photograph 7 shows the view towards the ROMP site from the access to Laurels Farm.

Southam East and Daventry Road: Residential properties on St. Wulstan Way, and Daventry Road. Views from properties on St. Wulstan Way are contained by roadside vegetation along the A423. The views from properties south of the Daventry Road are contained by surrounding properties and vegetation along Daventry Road. North of Daventry Road are a number of farmsteads whose views are contained to surrounding fields by field hedgerows and vegetation along the River Stowe.


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Southam North East: Residential properties located to the west of the A423 along Merestone Close have front views from the ground floor towards the naturalistic hedgerow alongside the A423. Upper storey views extend towards the farmland beyond the A423 but are filtered by the top of roadside vegetation.

Properties along Welsh Road West: Residential properties located to the west of Southam on Welsh Road West, and to the northern end of adjoining roads, have views to the north across the school playing field towards vegetation beyond. The redundant chimney stack at Southam Quarry is visible above vegetation on the horizon. Photograph 7 shows the view towards the ROMP site from the junction of Welsh Road West and Windmill Way.

The Grey House and Southam Fields Farm: Residential properties located to the west of Coventry Road have views across surrounding farmland. Views towards the existing quarry site are contained by the vegetation east of the Coventry Road.

11.7.1.2 Recreational / Public Recreational / Public receptors include Public Rights of Way and places that are free be used by the community such as sports pitches and open spaces.

They are judged to have a medium sensitivity to change, as attention would often the activity they are undertaking (such as sports or walking) but also the landscape the user is passing through or using.

Public Right of Way (PRoW) SM18 between Southam and Bascote: The footpath leads from Welsh Road West in Southam between Southam School and the rear of residential properties. From here it passes through agricultural fields into the valley of the River Itchen before arriving in the village of Bascote.

Millennium Way Long Distance Footpath SM12: From the Grand Union Canal the footpath crosses the discussed rail corridor towards Stockton Fields Farm. From here there are views to the west across farmland towards the existing quarry site at Southam. Heading south the footpath enters a block of woodland with enclosed views and filtered views to the east. On crossing the A426 the footpath enters the village of Bascote.

PRoW SM28 between Southam and the A426: The footpath heads east from Lime Road through the residential edge of Southam and across the A423. From here the footpath crosses agricultural land with a mature hedgerow to the north and contained views to the south and east. The footpath crosses a larger agricultural field before joining the A426.

PRoW SM29 between Southam and Stockton: The footpath heads east from Coventry Street in the centre of Southam, across the A423 into agricultural fields bounded by hedgerows and hedgerow trees. The view from the footpath is sequential and changes from field to field. From the access track to Laurels Farm the residential housing at the edge of Stockton is visible. Upon reaching Stockton Recreation Ground the views become enclosed by mature hedgerows, trees and housing. Photograph 4 shows the inside of the ROMP site form the footpath, whilst Photograph 7 shows the view towards the ROMP site from the footpath heading west.


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Bridleway between Southam and New Zealand Farm SM30: The footpath starts off the Daventry Road near the junction with the A423. It passes through agricultural fields along the valley of the River Stowe. Views to the north are curtailed by rising landform and views to the south consist of the River Stowe and surrounding vegetation, isolated farmsteads and filtered views of traffic on the Daventry Road.

Grand Union Canal Walk Long Distance Footpath and National Cycle Route 41: The footpath follows the Grand Union Canal along its northern edge and locally connects Leamington Spa with Daventry. Within the study area the canal route passes under a number of local roads and passes the Grade II listed shop lock and cottage building, as well as Stockton Locks. Views from the canal corridor are generally contained by trees and vegetation that run alongside the canal.

Napton Hill SM50: From the elevated position as the footpath leads along the top of Napton Hill there are extensive panoramic views to the north west. The redundant chimney stack at Southam Quarry can be seen in the distance and is a prominent landmark within a generally flat landscape. Some existing industrial use is visible in the foreground of the view at the bottom of Napton Hill. Photograph 9 shows the view from the footpath.

Southam School and Playing Fields: From the school buildings the views are generally contained within the complex with more extensive views across the playing fields to the west. From the larger building there are more extensive views across Southam and the high point of the existing quarry and redundant chimney can be seen. From the playing fields there are views of the school buildings to the east, Welsh Road West to the south and filtered views to the wider countryside to the west. From the southern half of the playing field, the redundant chimney stack can be seen above a line of trees. Photograph 6 shoes the view from Welsh Road West, just south of the playing fields.

Blue Lias Rings: The Blue Lias Rings is of a number of walks across public rights of way that form a loop between Southam, Stockton, Long Itchington and Bascote. The route is made up of a number of footpaths described above including: SM18; SM29; SM12, and; the Grand Union Canal Walk.

11.7.1.3 Employment / Commercial People at work are judged to have a low sensitivity to change, as their attention is likely to be focused on their work activity rather than the amenity of surrounding views.

BP Station and Londis, Coventry Road on edge of Southam: Views east across Coventry Road are contained by roadside vegetation alongside the existing quarry.

11.7.1.4 Transport People travelling through an area generally have a low sensitivity to change, although it is often the means by which the greatest number of people view the landscape.


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Stockton Road: Views from Stockton Road are generally across agricultural fields to the west and east, occasionally restricted by roadside vegetation. To the northern end of Stockton Road the buildings and redundant chimney of Southam Quarry can be seen but the quarry itself cannot.

Southam Road / Coventry Road A423: Views from the road are generally linear and contained by vegetation on both sides. Vegetation is less dense on the western side, allowing for filtered views across the farmland beyond.

A426 Rugby Road: Views from the road are generally linear and contained by vegetation on both sides. There are some openings for field access to the southern side of the road allowing for glimpsed views of the farmland beyond.

A425 Daventry Road: The road is bounded on either side by a low hedgerow, enabling extensive views to the farmland beyond. The redundant chimney at Southam Quarry is visible in the distance.

Welsh Road West: Views to the south are contained by residential property. The Southam School playing fields are visible to the north. Heading west, beyond the playing fields boundary, the views open up to distant views across the wider countryside. Photograph 6 shoes the view from Welsh Road West, just south of the playing fields.

Bascote Road: Views from Bascote Road are generally contained by vegetation on both sides of the road. However, there are some filtered views to the surrounding countryside.

11.7.2 Scoped Out Receptors

11.7.2.1 Residential Long Itchington East: Views from visual receptors to the ROMP site are restricted by buildings and a block of woodland to the south of the Grand Union Canal. It is judged that no significant visual effects would arise as a result of the described development for receptors in this location.

Bascote: Views towards the ROMP site from Bascote are restricted by vegetation and rising topography. It is judged that no significant visual effects would arise as a result of the described development for receptors in this location.

11.7.2.2 Recreational / Public Oxford Canal Walk: Potential long distance views towards the ROMP site from the canal footpath are restricted by vegetation alongside the boundary with adjacent fields. It is judged that no significant visual effects would arise as a result of the described development for receptors in this location.

Stockton Reservoir Fishery (off Stockton Road): Potential views towards the north of the ROMP site are restricted by a block of woodland to the south alongside the disused railway line. It is judged that no significant visual effects would arise as a result of the described development for receptors in this location.


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11.7.2.3 Commercial The Blue Lias Public House and Dowdeswell (off Stockton Road): The existing chimney stack at Southam Quarry is visible from this location however views towards the north of the ROMP site are restricted by a block of woodland to the south alongside the disused railway line. It is judged that no significant visual effects would arise as a result of the described development for receptors in this location.

11.8 Landscape Effects Operational Phase The nature of possible direct landscape effects (and effects on the visual component of landscape) likely to arise as a result of the following aspects of the project:

• Expansion of the quarry – increasing industrialisation, loss of agricultural land, large scale land use (loss of field pattern), loss of local features (trees and hedgerows), impact on landscape character,.

• Additional earthworks – change to the natural rolling topography, lowering of site levels, and the introduction of benches, increasing spoil heaps, creation of lagoon areas.

• Additional infrastructure (office building) – increasing industrialisation, reduction in tranquillity (due to increased noise, dust, vehicle movements).

• Changes to the visual component of the landscape arising from the above.

11.8.1 Landscape Character The National Character Area of Dunsmore and Feldon (96) describes quarries as prominent elements in the landscape. The proposal will not therefore be introducing a new feature and will simply be extending an existing site. The magnitude of change to the overall character area will be Negligible, where there will be a very minor alteration to this feature. The significance of landscape effects is considered to be Neutral, as the development is compatible with the existing landscape character and will, in relation to the entire National Character Area, Feldon maintain the integrity of valued characteristic features and elements.

The Warwickshire regional character area is Feldon. The existing quarry site is noted has having a localised impact around Stockton and Bishops Itchington, however it is considered that the magnitude of change associated with this proposal is Small at this scale. There will be a measureable change to the area of the quarry, as it increases by approximately half again with the loss of some lowland agricultural land and hedgerow enclosures. The significance of effect will be Slight Adverse as it will slightly degrade the rural setting of Stockton.

The sub-division of Feldon in the Warwickshire landscape types is Lias Village Farmlands. The influence of the local cement industry is noted as being local to the immediate vicinity and surrounding settlements, notably Southam, Stockton and Long Itchington. The magnitude of change associated with this proposal is Small as there will be a measureable change to the area occupied by quarrying as the proposed development increases by approximately half again with the resulting loss of some lowland agricultural land and hedgerow enclosures. The resulting additions of exposed geological strata and creation of areas of semi-


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natural vegetation all contribute to the areas existing character. It is considered that the significance of effect will be Slight Adverse.

The local Stratford-on-Avon landscape character sub-area is Lias Uplands. One of the key identities listed for this area is the “Many hedgerows and roadside trees; well defined geometric pattern of small to medium sized fields; disused quarries with semi-natural grassland and scrub.” During the operational phase of the development included in this ROMP application there will be a loss of hedgerows, trees and agricultural fields across the quarry extension area to the south east. The additional earthworks will also be a change to the natural rolling topography. The magnitude of change will therefore be Medium as there will be a moderate loss of these key characteristics. The significance of effect will be Slight Adverse as the impact is still very localised, adjacent to the existing quarry and will not alter the overall quality of this landscape character sub-area.

11.8.2 Landscape Designations The two nearby Conservation Areas of Southam and Long Itchington will not experience any direct effects from the ROMP proposal. It is considered that there will not be any alteration to the visual component of the landscape as the existing quarry is already part of their setting and the intervening landscape features (including transport corridors, linear woodland and suburban housing) will be retained. The proposed development would result in a Neutral Effect on the conservation areas.

There will be no direct effect on any listed buildings. The proposed site as a whole is not considered to be within the setting of any of the nearby listed buildings. The setting of all the closest listed structures are all well contained by surrounding vegetation resulting with no visual connection to the ROMP application site. The ROMP proposal will not introduce a significant new element into the wider landscape setting of the listed built heritage assets. The proposed development would result in a Neutral Effect on listed buildings.

There will be no direct effect to the Local Nature Reserve (LNR) at Stockton Railway Cutting, which is approx. 1.6km north east of the ROMP boundary. This separation in distance is considered far enough for there to be no indirect impact during the operational phase. The proposed development would result in a Neutral Effect on the LNR.

11.8.3 Site Features The site features that contribute to the local landscape character (within the site and on land immediately adjoining the site boundaries) will be affected to varying levels by the ROMP proposals.

Boundary vegetation: The dense vegetation along the roadside boundaries of both the A423 and A426 will be retained, protected and enhanced as part of the development. There will be no effect on this key site feature.

Existing Southam Quarry: The existing quarry within the western half of the ROMP boundary area will have on-going operational activities, however this will not create any noticeable changes at the landscape scale and will not result in the loss of any valuable features. Overall there will be no effect on this key site feature.


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Agricultural land under cultivation: The south east half of the ROMP boundary consists of small scale agricultural fields. There will be a Large magnitude of change to this site feature. The expansion of the quarry across this area will result in an industrial character and a large scale single land use, There will be a loss of agricultural land and field pattern. Local features of trees and hedgerows will be removed. The additional earthworks will change the natural rolling topography, specifically lowering site levels and introducing terracing. There may be additional infrastructure such as buildings and access roads. There will be a reduction in tranquillity of this area due to increased noise, dust and vehicle movements. The public footpath that crosses part of the site will have to be diverted. On balance, given the medium sensitivity of the receptor and the large magnitude of change this will result in a Moderate Adverse significance of effect to the site features in this location. It will be at variance with the existing landscape character and degrade these valued elements, it is not however, introducing a completely unfamiliar land-use to the setting.

11.8.4 Summary – Operational phase The ROMP proposals will not result in a significant effect to the overall landscape character. There will be a negligible significance of effect at the national landscape character scale. At a regional and local level the magnitude of change to the landscape character is small and the significance will overall be minor adverse. This is because quarries are already a key characteristic in the landscape, however, the expansion will result in the loss of small scale agricultural fields which are valued locally.

The ROMP proposals will have no effect on any landscape designations.

There will be no effect on site features along the boundaries, to existing buildings or within the existing quarry to the western half of the ROMP boundary area.

At a site specific level the ROMP proposals will result in a moderate adverse landscape effect to the south east half of the boundary where it expands into the existing pattern of small scale agricultural fields.

11.9 Visual Effects Operational Phase The nature of possible visual effects are due to arise as a result of the following aspects of the project:

• Expansion of the quarry – increasing industrialisation, loss of agricultural land, large scale land use (loss of field pattern), loss of local features (trees and hedgerows), impact on landscape character.

• Additional earthworks – change to the natural rolling topography, lowering of site levels, and the introduction of benches, increasing spoil heaps, creation of lagoon areas.

• Additional infrastructure (office building) – increasing industrialisation, visual intrusion.


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11.9.1.1 Residential Model Village: There are potential views through intervening vegetation towards the western edge of the ROMP site. It is not judged that the proposed future operations within the ROMP site will be visible from this location. It is therefore judged that this receptor will experience a Neutral Effect.

Long Itchington West: It is not judged that the proposed future operations within the ROMP site will be visible from this location. It is therefore judged that this receptor will experience a Neutral Effect.

Greaves Cottages and Stockton Fields Farm: It is not judged that the proposed future operations within the ROMP site will be visible from this location due to the presence of vegetation and rising topography. It is therefore judged that this receptor will experience a Neutral Effect.

Napton Road: It is not judged that the proposed future operations within the ROMP site will be visible from this location. It is therefore judged that this receptor will experience a Neutral Effect.

Stockton West: Properties located on the western extents of Tuckwell Close, Laurel Drive and St Michaels Crescent are likely to experience views from upper storeys towards developments within the ROMP site. These views will be filtered to some degree by the existing hedgerow along the ROMP boundary and more recent planting beyond. It is judged that the magnitude of change will be Small, resulting in a Slight Adverse significance of effect.

Farmsteads south east of Stockton: Due to the ROMP proposals being below ground level, and the elevation of the farmsteads being similar to the ROMP site, it is judged that the existing hedgerows will prevent views of the future operations. It is therefore judged that these receptors will experience a Neutral Effect.

Southam East and Daventry Road: It is not judged that the proposed future operations within the ROMP site will be visible from this location. It is therefore judged that this receptor will experience a Neutral Effect.

Southam North East: It is not judged that the proposed future operations within the ROMP site will be visible from this location. It is therefore judged that this receptor will experience a Neutral Effect.

Properties along Welsh Road West: It is not judged that the proposed future operations within the ROMP site will be visible from this location. It is therefore judged that this receptor will experience a Neutral Effect.

The Grey House and Southam Fields Farm: It is not judged that the proposed future operations within the ROMP site will be visible from this location. It is therefore judged that this receptor will experience a Neutral Effect.

11.9.1.2 Recreational / Public Public Right of Way (PRoW) SM18 between Southam and Bascote: It is not judged that the proposed future operations within the ROMP site will be visible from this location due to the rising topography and presence of vegetation


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between the footpath and the ROMP site. It is therefore judged that this receptor will experience a Neutral Effect.

Millennium Way Long Distance Footpath SM12: It is judged that the ROMP proposals north of the A426 would not result in a noticeable change to the existing view. South of the A426 is not judged that the proposed future operations within the ROMP site will be visible due to the presence of vegetation between the footpath and the ROMP site. It is therefore judged that this receptor will experience a Neutral Effect.

PRoW SM28 between Southam and the A426: Within the ROMP period, SM28 will be located away from any excavation activity at Spiers Farm. Views towards this area will be limited by existing hedgerows that will be retained through the ROMP period. It is therefore judged that this receptor will experience a Neutral Effect.

PRoW SM29 between Southam and Stockton: Within the ROMP period, part of SM29 will be located adjacent to the proposed quarry workings. This may add an element of visual interest to the route but will increase visual intrusion through the presence of industrial workings and change of land use from farmland. It is judged that the magnitude of change will be Large for the section of footpath adjacent to and passing through the ROMP site, resulting in a Major Adverse significance of effect.

Bridleway between Southam and New Zealand Farm SM30: It is not judged that the proposed future operations within the ROMP site will be visible due to the presence of rising landform and vegetation between the footpath and the ROMP site. It is therefore judged that this receptor will experience a Neutral Effect.

Grand Union Canal Walk Long Distance Footpath and National Cycle Route 41: It is not judged that the proposed future operations within the ROMP site will be visible due to the presence of vegetation between the canal corridor and the ROMP site. It is therefore judged that this receptor will experience a Neutral Effect.

Napton Hill SM50: The ROMP site is located within the field of view from the footpath at the top of Napton Hill. Proposed activity within the fields south of the A426 may be visible but would take up only a small portion of a wider view and would not change the context of perception of the existing view. It is therefore judged that the magnitude of change will be Negligible for the section of footpath, resulting in a Neutral Effect.

Southam School and Playing Fields: It is not judged that the proposed future operations within the ROMP site will be visible due to the presence of vegetation and buildings between the school and the ROMP site. It is therefore judged that this receptor will experience a Neutral Effect.

Blue Lias Rings: Of the footpaths that make up this route, they are all judged to experience a Neutral Effect, with the exception of SM29 which is judged to experience a Major Adverse effect where it passes through the ROMP site. As the effect is only on one of the footpaths that make up this route, there are not judged to be any sequential effects on this route.


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11.9.1.3 Employment / Commercial BP Station and Londis, Coventry Road on edge of Southam: It is not judged that the proposed future operations within the ROMP site will be visible due to the presence of vegetation between the property and the ROMP site. It is therefore judged that this receptor will experience a Neutral Effect.

11.9.1.4 Transport Stockton Road: It is not judged that the proposed future operations within the ROMP site will be visible due to the presence of vegetation between the road and the ROMP site. It is therefore judged that this receptor will experience a Neutral Effect.

Southam Road / Coventry Road A423: It is not judged that the proposed future operations within the ROMP site will be visible due to the presence of vegetation between the road and the ROMP site. It is therefore judged that this receptor will experience a Neutral Effect.

A426 Rugby Road: It is not judged that the proposed future operations within the north of the ROMP site will be visible due to the presence of vegetation alongside the road. To the south, the proposed access from the A426 to the site car park and associated building will be briefly visible to passing traffic. The vegetation along the A426 will limit views of the quarry workings although there may be filtered views in the winter months. It is therefore judged that the magnitude of change will be Small, resulting in a Negligible significance of effect.

A425 Daventry Road: It is not judged that the proposed future operations within the ROMP site will be visible due to the presence of vegetation between the road and the ROMP site. It is therefore judged that this receptor will experience a Neutral Effect.

Welsh Road West: It is not judged that the proposed future operations within the ROMP site will be visible due to the presence of vegetation and topography between the road and the ROMP site. It is therefore judged that this receptor will experience a Neutral Effect.

Bascote Road: It is not judged that the proposed future operations within the ROMP site will be visible due to the presence of vegetation between the road and the ROMP site. It is therefore judged that this receptor will experience a Neutral Effect.

11.9.2 Summary The ROMP proposals will not result in a significant effect to the majority of potential visual receptors located within the study area. The following receptors are judged to experience an adverse visual effect:

Major Adverse: Public Right of Way SM29.

Slight Adverse: Properties located on the western extents of Tuckwell Close, Laurel Drive and St Michaels Crescent.

The effects are judged to arise as a result of the receptors proximity to the proposals for area IV (A), south of the A426. Due to the nature of the proposed


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development, taking place below ground level, the zone of visibility is quickly reduced by the presence of hedgerows and limited by few receptors being located at higher ground level.

11.10 Restoration The restoration proposals are detailed in a separate supporting document titled ‘Habitat Creation and Restoration Scheme’ (SOU VOL 4, Arup 2014), and are illustrated on Figures 11.09 and 11.10. The overall aim of the restoration scheme is to conserve and enhance biodiversity and geodiversity in a scheme that will successfully integrate into the existing landscape character setting. The approach to restoration will be one of minimum intervention, working with many of the existing elements associated with the quarry. This approach will be applied across three main themes of biodiversity, geodiversity and controlled access. The target species include great crested newts and butterflies, while the broad habitats that will be included are cliffs, woodland, open water and transition areas. The full document also covers strategies and techniques for restoration, timescales and monitoring.

The effects of the restoration phase are different to the operational phase and are therefore assessed separately below.

11.10.1 Landscape Effects – Restoration The quarry restoration proposals will enhance the landscape character. At a national level it will comply with the Statements of Environmental Opportunity outlined with the NCA document for Dunsmore and Feldon, notably:

• Protecting and appropriately managing natural and manmade wetland habitats for their contribution to recreation, sense of place and geodiversity.

• Restoring and creating ponds to re-establish the network of this habitat and to support the great crested newt population.

The restoration will result in a minor beneficial effect that will improve and enhance valued characteristic features. At a regional and local level the restoration will follow the Warwickshire management strategy for Lias Village Farmlands and the Stratford-on-Avon District Design Guide and Core Strategy. It will particularly contribute to: • Enhance tree cover through small scale tree and woodland planting. • Conserve the rock exposures and areas of semi-natural vegetation associated

with disused limestone quarries. • Support the restoration of the disused quarry alongside A426 to provide a high

quality area for leisure and recreation, whilst supporting biodiversity and nature conservation interests.

• Improve the green infrastructure network to enhance linkages to and between important biodiversity and geodiversity features in the town’s hinterland. This includes the Ufton Fields SSSI and Long Itchington and Ufton Woods SSSI, and Stockton Railway Cutting and Quarry Geological SSSI.

• Encourage the use of disused quarries for employment and leisure uses.


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The restoration will result in a Moderate Beneficial effect that will restore valued characteristic features to the area that have previously been lost.

The restoration will have a Neutral Effect on landscape designations.

At a site specific level the restoration will enhance the vegetation along the roadside boundaries. Within the existing quarry to the western half of the ROMP boundary area it will complement the areas that have already been restored and will enhance other transitional areas. The improvements will contribute to green infrastructure and will benefit various species, habitats and the wider community. The existing buildings and chimney are outside of the restoration boundary. The eastern half of the ROMP will not be restored to small scale agricultural fields, however the proposals will introduce a variety of new, locally distinctive features that will be valued for their biodiversity and geodiversity benefits. The public footpath will become attractive to use, providing glimpsed views into the restoration area and information boards where appropriate. Overall the restoration proposals will have a moderate beneficial effect on the site.

11.10.2 Visual Effects – Restoration The quarry restoration proposals will provide increased visual interest to the area, adding to the existing land-use of agricultural fields.

In restoration, the properties located along Tuckwell Close, Laurel Drive and St. Michael’s Crescent will no longer experience views of quarry workings from upper windows and will instead have views towards open water beyond existing hedgerows and vegetation. It is judged that the magnitude of change from the baseline view will be Negligible, resulting in a Neutral Effect.

Users of PRoW SM29 will also no longer experience views of quarry workings and will have the opportunity to stop and enjoy views across the open water towards exposed geological features. This will add visual interest to the footpath and be a feature that people may want to look at and experience. It is judged that the magnitude of change from the baseline view will be Medium, resulting in a Moderate Beneficial significance of effect.

11.11 Cumulative Effects There is a proposed development to the west of Stockton (application reference 14/00240/FUL) for the erection of 79 dwellings, landscaping, access, public open space and associated works.

It is not judged that any other proposed developments within the area will result in a cumulative effect in combination with the ROMP application.

11.11.1 Landscape It is not judged that the proposed residential development will result in a variation to the significance of effect on the landscape receptors identified in this assessment.


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11.11.2 Visual Stockton West: Properties located on the western extents of Tuckwell Close and Laurel Drive are likely to experience views from upper storeys towards the proposed residential development. In most cases, the residential development will create a visual barrier between these properties and the ROMP site. As a result of this development is judged that the ROMP proposals will result in a Neutral Effect on these receptors. The view from properties located on St. Michaels Crescent towards the ROMP site is not judged to change as a result of the proposed residential development. Therefore, the magnitude of change will remain Small, resulting in a Slight Adverse significance of effect.

11.12 Residual Effects

11.12.1 Landscape After restoration the residual effect will be Moderate Beneficial for the overall landscape character and site features.

11.12.2 Visual After restoration the residual effect will be Neutral for the overall visual resource.


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11 Landscape and Visual Impact

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