11 GHz satellite beacon data in the Western Pacific basin · 11 GHz satellite beacon data in the...

11 GHz satellite beacon data in the Western Pacific basin

Citation for published version (APA):Brussaard, G., Dijk, J., & Wijdemans, L. J. M. (1993). 11 GHz satellite beacon data in the Western Pacific basin.Technische Universiteit Eindhoven.

Document status and date:Published: 01/01/1993

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EINDHOVEN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

Faculty of Electrical Engineering Telecommunications Division

and

Surabaya Institute of Technology Faculty of Industrial Technology

Electrical Engineering Department

"11 GHz Satellite Beacon Data in the Western Pacific Basin"

Contract INTEL -7708 Final Report

March'90-February'91 f April'91-March'92,April'92-March'93

By:

G. Brussaard

J. Dijk

L. Wijdemans

EUT I Fac. E I Den Dolech 2

5600 MB Eindhoven

The Netherlands

Telephone: (0)40473417

Fax: (0)40455197

Eindhoven, December 1993

Final Report INTELSAT 770-B

-1-


Final Report on INTELSAT CONTRACT INTEL 770-B

Table of Contents Page

Section 1 4

Management Summary 4

1. Introduction 4

2. Need for propagation measurements 5

3. Cooperative arrangements 7

INTELSAT, EUT, ITS, NUFFIC

4. Project management 8

4.1. Organisation of the measurements in Indonesia 8

4.2. Project support and analysis at EUT 9

5. Site details 11

6. Measurement parameters 15

7. Operation of the experiment 18

8. Results of the measurements 22

8.1. General 22

8.2. Limitations of measurements 25

8.3. Medium temperature 26

8.4. Rainfall climate in Surabaya 26

8.5. Diurnal characteristics 28

8.6. Discussion 29

9. Acknowledgements 30

10 Appendix 1: Hardware specifications, data processing and analysis 31

lA: Specification of the rain meter 32

IB: Specification of the beacon receiver 33

lC: Specification of the radiometer 37

ID: Specification of the data acquisition system 38

IE: The data processing procedure 40


Section 2

Submissions to ITU-RS data bank

Section 3

Published papers

-2-

1. Schaffels, R.F.J., W.T.E. Vaessen, G. Brussaard, J. Dijk, L.J.M. Wijdemans,

System Design Study for Propagation Measurements at Ku-band Frequencies on

an Earth-Satellite Down Link in the Maritime Tropical Climate Region of

Indonesia,

ITU-COM 89, Geneva, Oct. 1989, Section VL17, pp. 323-327.

2. Dijk, J., G. Brussaard, J.E. Allnutt,

Ku band Satellite-to-Ground Propagation Measurements in Indonesia,

URSI: F; Open Symposium

Wave Propagation and Remote Sensing,

Ravenscar, North Yorkshire, UK, 8-12 June 1992, pp. 7.1.1.-7.1.5.

3. Brussaard, G., J. Dijk, K. Liu, J. Derksen,

Tropospheric Propagation Characteristics at Ku band for Satellite-to-Ground

and LOS Paths in Surabaya, Indonesia,

IEICE Transactions on Communications, Special Issue on ISAP 92, Vol. E76-B,

nr. 12, December 1993.

4. de Maagt, P.J.L, S.LE. Touw, J. Dijk, G. Brussaard, J.E. Allnutt,

Results of 11.2 GHz Propagation Experiments in Indonesia,

Electronics Letters, Oct. 28, 1993, Vol. 29, nr. 22, pp. 1988-1990.

5. de Maagt, P.J.L, S.LE. Touw, J. Dijk, G. Brussaard, L.J.M. Wijdemans,

J.E. Allnutt,

Diurnal Variations of 11.2 GHz Attenuation on a Satellite Path in Indonesia,

To be published in Electronics Letters, 1993.

Section 4

Annual Reports

4.1. Annual Report Year 1

4.2. Annual Report Year 2

4.3. Annual Report Year 3.

Final Report INTEL SA T 770-B

List of Tables

Table 1:

Table 2:

Table 3:

Table 4:

Table 5:

Table 6:

Table 7:

Table B:

-3-

Relevant data for Surabaya earth station

Comparison of measured and ITU-R Climate P rainfall rate statistics

Overview of the project activities

The availability of the measurement system

Excess attenuation and rain rate exceedance

Beacon receiver limitations versus year of operation

Worst month versus year of operation

Numerical values of N, P and Q rain climates and measured data

List of Figures

Figure 1: Map of Indonesia

Figure 2:

Figure 3:

Figure 4:

Figure 5:

Figure 6:

Figure 7a

Figure 7b

Figure 8:

Figure 9:

Position of equipment room and antennas

Propagation measurement equipment at ITS

Sky noise temperature along a satellite path

Signal level received from F-510 satellite suffering N/S station keeping

on March 26, 1993

Measured and derived total attenuation

Comparison predictions and measurements versus excess attenuation

(first year)

Comparison predictions and measurements versus excess attenuation

(second and third year)

Medium temperature Tm versus attenuation

Graphical plot of rain rate data for N, P and Q climates


Section 1

Management Summary

1. Introduction

During the period 1971-1982, Eindhoven University of Technology (EUT) and the

Department of Electrical Engineering of the Institute of Technology Sepuluh

Nopember Surabaya (ITS) have been cooperating in the field of telecommunications

engineering. This cooperation resulted in a successful conclusion of two

development-related projects under the financial support of the Netherlands

Universities Foundation For International Cooperation (NUFFIC). In these projects,

attention was paid to research and education activities directed to upgrade parts of

the infrastructure of ITS, as well as the promotion of contacts between ITS and other

institutions in Indonesia (e.g. PT. Telkom) and abroad.

It was believed that the initiation of a new cooperation between EUT, ITS and P.T.

Telkom (Indonesian PTT) could further update and strengthen the educational and

research capabilities of ITS, as well as the fact that the results of the extended

research programmes would be useful for P.T. Telkom to solve much of its technical

problems. In August 1987 a plan of operations was compiled in which the entire

cooperation project was described. The emphasis was placed upon educational

activities (e.g. curriculum and library updating etc.) and research activities. The

proposed research activities concerned propagation measurement programmes for a

(Ku-band) satellite--earth link and a line-of-sight link from Surabaya to the island

of Madura. Both links were operated at Ku-band, since P.T. Telkom was also

interested in the use of this new band for Indonesia.

In Apri11988, INTELSAT issued an RFP (INTEL-770) in which Bidders were asked

to conduct a one-year propagation measurement programme at a site location near to

the Western Pacific Basin on an earth-INTELSAT V satellite-ground path. The

proposal by EUT was selected subsequently. The one-year programme has been

extended twice at the request of INTELSAT, resulting in a total measurement period

of three years.


The above-mentioned EUT-ITS cooperation programme was financed by NUFFIC

and was quite compatible with the proposed INTELSAT propagation measurements

and provided very important financial support to the Telecommunications Division of

EUT, enabling them to execute the INTELSAT measurements successfully in

Indonesia. EUT proposed Trisakti University in Jakarta to act as an alternative

measurement site as well. However, this option was not accepted by INTELSAT.

2. Need for propagation measurements

The C-band (6/4 GHz) has been widely employed for satellite and terrestrial

communications in tropical countries, such as Indonesia. However, the growth in

communications has prompted the use of higher frequency bands such as the

Ku-band (14/11 GHz). The introduction of Ku-band for countries with tropical

rainfall climates is not as straightforward as for countries with more temperate

climates. One propagation characteristic of this band is the high attenuation that can

be expected during rainfall which occurs more frequently, and at higher rates, than in

temperate climates. The present ITU-R (CCIR) prediction models regarding

attenuation induced by rainfall are only accurate for countries with temperate

climates.

The need for propagation measurements is further emphasized by the aims of the

various participants and partners in the measurement campaign by EUT and ITS.

• As formulated by INTELSAT:

"The overall objective of this project is to allow INTELSAT to be able to predict

the likely propagation-induced rain attenuation levels, and their probabilities of

occurrence, on 14/11 GHz links in the high rainfall rate regions of the western

rim of the Pacific Ocean with greater accuracy than at present by obtaining new

satellite-to-ground measurements data from new locations that lie in, or close to

the proposed Ku-band coverage regions of the INTELSAT VII satellitell•

As specified by contract INTEL-770B the following data had to be measured:

1 satellite beacon attenuation data.

2 radiometrically derived path attenuation, by measuring the sky noise

temperature along the same path as the beacon measurements.

3 meteorological data.


-{)-

• As formulated by P.T. Telkom: Improving infrastructure by improving

knowledge:

"The involvement of P.T. Telkom with the described propagation research

projects will assist P. T. Telkom in its current activities. In the short-term, this

will result in updating know-how and the availability of up-to-date propagation

data in Indonesia. In the-long term, an improved position in the competitive

struggle with Japanese and Western companies, as well as improved knowledge

and experience for development and exploitation of future telecommunication

facilities, will be achieved".

• As formulated by EUT: Telecommunication and propagation research in tropical

areas:

"Thanks to the proposed project, the Telecommunications Division of EUT has

the unique facility to study microwave propagation effects in tropical regions. In

the short-term, propagation data will become available together with in-situ

test results of the test set-up. In the long-term, improvement or development of

performance prediction models will become possible".

• As formulated by Indonesia: Telecommunication and Future.

"As a "Middle-Income-Economy", Indonesia will be greatly benefited by

development of the telecommunications infrastructure. This can be a long-term

output of projects like the educational part of the NUFFIC/INTELSAT project.

Know-how transfer on a non-commercial basis will be the short term output".

• As formulated by ITS: Technology transfer and independence.

"Cooperation between EUT staff members and ITS staff members and students

in a "high tech" scientific research project, combined with technology and

knowledge transfer and supported with technical facilities will result in:

Short-term output:

quality improvement of telecommunication education.

availability of modern technical facilities.

confrontation with international research partners.

Long-term output:

- stimulant for independent scientific research".


-7-

• As formulated by NUFFIC:

liTo assist the Department of Electrical Engineering of ITS in its efforts to

achieve a higher level of educational performance and research capability in the

field of telecommunications".

The above given project specially regards the following subjects:

liTo improve the teaching capability and educational quality as well as the

scientific knowledge of ITS staff in telecommunication engineering".

liTo advance the research capability and practical experience of Indonesian

staff in telecommunication engineering".

The NUFFIC project was a cooperative project (on an ideal basis) between ITS,

Surabaya and EUT, Eindhoven. An important part of it concerned education.

The technical part of the NUFFIC project dealt with research projects:

A Propagation research for satellite communications at 14/11 GHz.

B Propagation for line-of-sight (LOS) communications at 11 GHz.

3. Cooperative arrangements

As mentioned in the introduction, EUT and ITS started a new cooperation. project in

the field of telecommunications for the period 1990-1992. The proposed INTELSAT

measurements, the associated requirements and the already agreed research

cooperation between EUT and ITS showed a great similarity. Together with NUFFIC

co-sponsoring it offered the Telecommunications Division of EUT the opportunity to

execute the plans successfully. It was further believed that the involved ITS staff

members could support the maintenance and daily checks of the "remote controlled"

measurements very well. In this combined activity, all equipment purchased or built

for the NUFFIC LOS project was compatible with "INTELSAT requirements" and

could serve therefore as spare parts for the INTELSA T station. Due to the

established good relation between the executing institutes, via Dr.!r. A. Mulyanto of

ITS, ITS agreed on a very short notice with the proposed INTELSAT measurements.

During 1989, equipment for the propagation measurements was purchased or built

and tested by EUT team members in Eindhoven.


-8-

At the end of 1989 all equipment was shipped from the Netherlands to Indonesia,

installed and tested by team members of both universities. On February 15, 1990, a

site verification was conducted by INTELSAT and the experiment was declared as

operational. The measurements started on the first of March, 1990.

4. Project management

4.1. Organisation of the measurements in Indonesia

As a subcontractor, ITS was responsible during the measurement period for the

necessary infrastructure such as the equipment room, electricity and the provision of

sufficient space to install the antennas according to INTELSAT's requirements.

A member of the scientific staff of the EDT Telecommunications Division (ir. Kim

Liu) was available full-time as "Resident Engineer" for the EDT-ITS cooperation

project during the equipment installation phase (November 1989 to February 1990)

and the first two years of the project. This ensured continuity in the operations and

proved to be vital to the success of the project in view of the rather stringent

availability requirements of the measurements set by INTELSAT. An ITS technician

(Mr. Hendry) was available full-time to assist in the daily operations.

Scientific staff of ITS have assisted throughout the project in the on-site data

collection and checkout, to assure quality of the data. The Indonesian project

manager, Ir. M.A. Purnomo, is singled out here for his special efforts that contributed

to the good, on-site data quality control. Technical and scientific staff making visits

to ITS in the framework of the educational cooperation have repeatedly assisted in

equipment maintenance and calibration as well as the evaluation of the data

recorded.

In April 1992, the EDT-ITS project sponsored by NDFFIC was cancelled by order of

the Indonesian Government. As a result, the measurements were slightly reduced in

scope during the months of June and July 1992, when no EDT direct, on-site

supervision was available. From September 1992 through April 1993, technical and

scientific staff of EDT have supervised the INTELSAT measurements on-site.

Final Report INTELSA T 770-B

-9-

4.2. Project support and data analysis at EUT

Throughout the project, a senior scientific staff member (Ir. Jaap Dijk) was

responsible at EUT for project execution and coordination, with the assistance of a

senior member of the technical support staff (Mr. Ludi Wijdemans). A scientific

assistant (Mr. Chris Grolleman) was employed part-time throughout the project to

develop the necessary data analysis software and to carry out the statistical analysis.

Communication throughout the project was through telephone and fax facilities set

up especially for the project. For equipment transport and customs formalities, use

was made of the channels established by NUFFIC and of assistance offered by Philips

Research.

Delays that occurred in data analysis in the initial phase of the project were overcome

gradually, resulting in timely delivery of all results at the conclusion of the project.

The figure on the next page gives an overview of the chain of command and the

project execution.


-10-

Brussaard Advisors ect leader 1-1- CICA

PTT etc.

~Ir

Univer. servo

technical/ r-II project coord.

administr.

• 1 + Radiometer/ Data Beacon receiver . meteo Wijdemans

Holleboom/Pals v.d. Vorst Stal

~ ,

Minimum level of effort

beacon rec./radiometer/meteorology/data acquisition

" .. Data processing Daily activities at ITS; .. at ITS: Liu/Sriwedari

~

Purnomo Liu

Hendry

• Data diskettes monthly to EUT via airmail

,

Processed data Data processing

to EUT at EUT: - Grolleman/Albers de Maagt/Touw

Overview of chain of command and the project execution.


-11-

5. Site details

Surabaya, the capital of East Indonesia (see Fig. 1), is located on the most important

island of Indonesia, Java, more specifically in East Java, and has a rainy equatorial

climate characterised mainly by the wet monsoon (September until March) and the

dry monsoon (March until September).

In the first measurement year (March 1990 until February 1991), the measurement

system received the beacon signal from the INTELSAT-508 satellite which was

located at 1800 E longitude. At the request of INTELSAT, for the second and third

years (starting in April 1991), both the beacon and radiometer antennas were pointed

towards the INTELSAT-510 at 1740 E. The Surabaya site coordinates are 7015'

South and 112044' East. For more detailed data of the measuring site, see Table 1.

Table 1. Relevant data for the Surabaya Earth station

Surabaya

Antenna elevation

Antenna azimuth

Coordinates site

Antenna height

Raingauge

Raingauge location

Beacon antenna type

Diameter

Radiometer antenna

* Not observed

510 satellite positions

* 1740 E (1770 E)

20020'34" (17013'11")

86 002'31" (86031 '09")

7015' S 112044' E

15 metres above sea level

tipping bucket

within 50 m. from antenna

prime focus

3.6 m. effective

1.8 m. offset

508

1800 E

14007'15"

86058'23"


{/ \

.. - •• microlo'sve links

Jakarta Surabaya

Fig. 1. Map of Indonesia

-13-

Figure 2 gives an impression of the positions of both the beacon and radiometer

antennas on the roof of the EE building of ITS. Also shown is the equipment room

located beneath the antennas on the top floor. This room was divided into two

sections; one section (temperature controlled) was used to accomodate all the

measurement and data acquisition equipment and the other one for the battery

back-up.

The mean values of the meteorological parameters at the earth surface in Surabaya

are:

mean air pressure: P s = 1011.0 mbar

mean temperature: Ts = 26.40 C

mean water vapour pressure: es = 27.7 mbar

mean surface refractivity: Ns 377.4.

The rainfall rate exceeded in Surabaya for 0.01 % of an average year is 145 mm/hour

with a maximum recorded rain rate of 253 mm/hour and an average yearly rainfall

accumulation is 1500 mm. A comparison of the ITU-R (formerly CCIR) rainfall rate

for Climate P and those measured in the experiment are given in Table 2. The rain

data for the ITU-R were taken from CCIR Report 563-4 (1990)

Table 2. Comparison of measured and ITU-R Climate P rainfall rate statistics.

Annual

%

1

0.1

0.01

0.001

Climate P

12 mm/h

65 mm/h

145 mm/h

250 mm/h

Measured values

(three year average)

3mm/h

50.8 mm/h

119.6 mm/h

174.7 mm/h


1.20

§ :?

i§ !-

~ ..;

+.'---...

• , "

Antenna location

Equipment room

Fig. 2. Position of antennas and equipment room at ITS

-15-

6. Measuring parameters

During the period November 1989 until February 1990 all equipment for the

propagation experiment was installed by a team of EUT and ITS. Figure 3 gives a

schematic of the experimental set-up which was installed at the Electrical

Engineering building of ITS.

The system consists of:

a. A rain meter of the "tipping bucket" type calibrated to measure rain intensities

from 0.1 until 420 mm/hour. Appendix 1A gives details of the rainmeter.

b. A beacon receiver to measure the attenuation of the 11.198 and 11.452 GHz

beacon signals from the INTELSAT V satellites in the Pacific Ocean Region. The

beacon receiver uses an equivalent 3.6 m prime focus parabolic antenna. Actually

a 4.5 m antenna with a defocussed feed was used.

Temperature Ralnmeter k !.8m

I Radiometer I

I I I

~ , .

I AID I iD • Conversion ~~

Chart recorder Data acquisition computer

Beacon· Receiver

3.6m

----I~~ W Data storage

Fig. 3. Propagation experimental set-up at ITS.


-16-

The beacon signal is down-converted to 10 MHz, where the power level is

detected by a phase-locked-loop receiver. The ground station has a G/T of

23.4 dB/K, while the dynamic range of the receiver is 24 dB. Appendix lB gives

details of the beacon receiver.

c. A radiometer to measure the "sky noise temperature" along the same path as the

beacon antenna. The receiver circuitry of the radiometer was placed in a

temperature controlled housing, with a temperature stability better than 0.020 C.

For details of radiometer data see Appendix lC.

ITS Surabaya is the first site in the world where propagation characteristics

under tropical rainfall conditions were measured with a beacon receiver and a

radiometer simultaneously for a period of three consecutive years. From the

measurement results, information on medium temperature "Tm" for tropical

countries was derived. Accurate information on "T "enables other slant-path m

propagation measurements to be carried out in Indonesia, without the

requirement of a beacon receiver. Figure 4 illustrates a satellite path which

suffers from rainfall. The rain shower, which has an effective medium

temperature "T II, will attenuate the radiowaves by an excess or rain m

attenuation" Ae". A beacon receiver can measure IIAe" directly by monitoring

the power level of the beacon signal from the satellite. A radiometer will detect

"T k "from which A can be inferred if T is known. s y e m

satellite

~

antenna

Fig. 4. Sky noise temperature along a satellite path.


d. A data acquisition system, which pre-filters 8 analog channels and converts the

analog data to 12-bit digital data. The digital signals were collected by an IBM

PC-XT computer at a sample rate of 40 Hz. The computer performs digital

filtering on the data and stores the filtered data on 720 kB diskettes at a rate of 1

sample per second during the event mode. During off--event modes the data are

stored at a lower rate of 1 sample per 10 seconds. Appendix 1D gives details of

the data acquisition system.

e. A chart recorder which records all measured data on paper. The chart recorder is

for quick-look and back-up purposes only. This facility was used for the data

processing of the primary statistics during the reduced measurement period of

June-JUly 1992.

f. Temperature sensors, which were used for measuring the equipment room

temperature and the outside temperature. These data are also stored with the

data acquisition computer.

g. Humidity sensors for inside and outside humidity measurement. Data of these

sensors are noted down in the logbook on a daily routine basis.

h. Uninterruptable power supplies (UPS's), solar voltaic panels and an accumulator

battery for backing-up the power of the experimental set-up. The UPS's provide

more than one hour back-up for the measurement equipment during power down

situations.

i. A data processing system. Each month the data diskettes were sent to EUT to be

processed with "ASYST" programmes. By means of PASCAL programmes, data

processing was done at ITS as well so as to compare the conclusions from EUT

and ITS in order to achieve optimal results. Appendix IE gives details of the

data processing.


-18-

7. Operation of the experiment

The operation was carried out according to Exhibit A to INTELSAT contract INTEL

770-B, as updated by Amendments no. 1 and no. 2, for a total of three years of

measuremen t. Exhibit A of contract INTEL 770-B sets out the "Statement of Work" for the

Acquisition of 11 GHz satellite beacon data in the Western Pacific Rim.

Paragraph 3.2 gives the Contractor's agreed experimental effort, including items such

as:

a. site preparation

b. installing equipment and

c. the experimental phase.

No specific problems arose during these activities.

Subcontractor, ITS, prepared the temperature controlled equipment room and

provided it with a 50 Hz, single phase, 220 Volts mains connection) and sufficient

space on the roof to install antennas, a rainmeter, etc.

On February 15, 1990, INTELSAT's representative conducted a site verification of

the Surabaya measuring site.

Paragraph 3.2 gives the Contractor's analysis effort, as set out in Appendix 2 of

Exhibit A, to produce the required results.

Paragraph 4.2 gives the deliverables to INTELSAT. These consisted of:

a. Monthly Letter Reports

36 of these reports were delivered to INTELSAT during the operational phase of

the experiment.

b. Interim Analysis Reports

12 quarterly reports were delivered to INTELSAT.

c. Yearly Analysis Reports

3 analysis reports were delivered to INTEL SAT (although only two, for the first

two years, were required by INTELSAT).


-19-

d. Final Report

A draft of the Final Report was delivered in November 1993 and was discussed

during the Final Presentation meeting on 10 November, 1993. Comments

provided by INTEL SAT at this meeting, and subsequently, have been

incorporated in the final version of the Final Report.

A condensed overview of the project activities is given in the INTEL 770-B time

table (see Table 3).

During the first measurement year (March 1990 until February 1991), the Ku-band

beacon from the INTEL SA T 508 at 1800 East was received which resulted in a low

antenna elevation angle of 14.10. During the second and third measurement year,

which started in April 1991, the antennas were pointed to INTELSAT 510 at 1740

East. The elevation angle was increased to 200. During the months of June and July

1992 (third year), a reduced measuring programme was carried out as the digital data

acquisition was out of order. Fortunately the primary statistics (excess attenuation,

sky noise and rain distribution) are complete since they were recorded on the strip

chart. Loss of information is therefore minimal.

From July 1992, INTELSAT ceased to correct the N-S drift of the INTELSAT 510

in order to conserve fuel for E-W drift and orbit-raising manoeuvres. As a

consequence, the diurnal variation in the amplitude of the received beacon signal

increased significantly by the end of the third year of measurements. Since the

antenna for the beacon signal is not provided with tracking facilities, the clear sky

signal level showed a daily variation which steadily increased up to about 13 dB

peak-to-peak. (See Fig. 5).

A period of concurrent beacon and radiometer measurements (not below 34.5 month)

was agreed to for the three-year measurement period. This requirement was met as

can be seen in Table 4 below.


-20-

Project 770-B Time Table.

1988 June submission of contract

1989 January contract signed

April-September preparation of equipment

October shipment of equipment to Indonesia

November-1990 January - equipment installation and verification

February-

(operational)

1 9 9 o

1 9 9 1

(reduced measurements) 1 9 9 2

1 9 9 3

January

monthly report

quarterly report

yearly report

March----- ----1---- ----------- ------------2

May 3 1 4 5

August 6 2 (1 0 meas. year) 7

November ~ 3 1 February-- ----~~--- ----4------ ----1------March (antenna pointing from 180 0 to 174 0 E)

::::1----------lli83

--- ----:------1------------

September 6 I 19 (20 meas. year) 20

December 21 7 22 23

March----- ----24---- ---8------ ----2-------

June July

September

December

March-----

June

August

November

25 26 27 28 29

9

30 10 (3° meas. year)

____ !~--------::-----1----3-------draft final report

oral presentation and discussion final report

December 1994 January--------------

Table 3. Overview of the project activities.


-21-

Table 4. A vailabili ty of the measurement system

Elapsed A vail ability of Individual Units Concurrent Period time Beacon Radiometer Rainmeter availability

Year 1 365 days 99.05% 98.81% 99.13% 98.74% Year 2 366 days 96.93% 96.94% 97.40% 96.94% Year 3 365 days 98.63% 98.50% 99.81% 98.50%

The concurrent availability of the three measurement units exceeded 96% in all three years.

Fig. 5

" •••••••• , ••••••••• iJi ••••••• 11 ••• " •• '.

Beacon signal received on March 26, 1993 from INTELSAT 510

satellite. A rain event occurred during the minimum of the beacon

signal level.

Final Report INTEL SAT 770-B

-22-

8. Experimental results

8.1. General

The cumulative distributions of measured total attenuation and of derived

attenuation are shown in Fig. 6 for a period covering the second and third

measurement year. The first year is not included in this figure because a different

satellite was used in that year. Fig. 7a and 7b show the comparison between

measured and predicted statistics of excess attenuation. Fig. 7a covers the first year

and Fig. 7b the second and third year. The following graphs are shown:

Measured excess attenuation for years 2 and 3.

Expected excess attenuation following the ITU-R(CCIR) procedure

recommended in 1986 and 1990 for climate P.

Expected excess attenuation according to M. Juy, International Journal of Sat. Com., VoL 8, (1990), p. 255.

Furthermore, the radiometer antenna was optimized after the first measurement year.

It is clear from this figure that the curve of a T = 290 K nearly coincides with the m measured results. Figure 8 shows Tm versus attenuation for the same period. This

graph substantiates that a Tm of 290 K gives satisfactory results for the tropical

region of Indonesia. The cumulative rain and excess attenuation statistics are

compiled in Table 5.

12

11

10

9

a 7

Measured and derived lotal attenuation 1/4/91 00:00 - 3113/93 24:00

·~·Tm"300K

.~. Tm-200 I<

3 . Trn~200. K

2

O~~~-'~~-r-~-r~-T---'-~~--[-----~~-' .001 .5

Fig. 6. Measured and derived total attenuation for the period 1/4/91 - 31/3/93.


-23-

:J,:-'"" --,--,,--,,;-,,-,<,-,,,'--'~,,-,,,"'-' ,,"'T~---'---' r---'t""'\------r-_-__ -__ -_._-_~ _._-_ .. ~~~-~~_~~ ':-~ ~~

""" "'" --------------- juy

15

10

5

24

20

15

10

5

, , ,

, , , , ,

,

% of time

Fig. 7a. Comparison predictions and measurements (Year 1)

, ,

% of time

"

year 1

ITU-R86

ITU-R 90

JUY

year 2

year 3

Fig. 7b. Comparison of predictions and measurements (Years 2 and 3).


-24-

Tm [K]

400

Tm versus attenuation 1/4191 00:00·31/3/9324:00

380

360

340

320

300

280

260

240

220

200 c

j

~ ! ~

i

'-~ ...

~ : / :

............ / V

1/ 3 4 :>

; 90%!

-'if 50%

n 10 % .1 .j maar

--., !'-- 1

~.~------

6 '7 tJ ~ a Attenuation (dB]

1 2

Fig. 8. Medium temperature Tm versus attenuation for the period 1/4/91 - 31/3/93.

Table 5.

% year

R Year 1 R Year 2 R Year 3 A Year 1 A Year 2 A Year 3

% year

R Year 1 R Year 2 R Year 3 A Year 1 A Year 2 A Year 3

Excess attenuation (A [dB]) exceeded for percentage of the year and

Rain rate (R [mm/h]) exceeded for percentage of the year for the three

years of the measurement campaign.

0.001 0.002 0.003 0.005 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.05

162 143.6 136.5 124.7 109.8 88.6 75.4 59.8 180.8 169.1 156.8 143.7 125.1 103.0 92.2 76.3 181.2 167.6 150.5 139.9 123.8 106.4 96.1 77 .8 - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - 21.7 - - - - - - 20.9 19.6

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.5 1 2 3 5

42.3 23.5 14.5 6.7 4.1 2.1 0.0 0.0 54.5 32.5 19.9 9.4 3.1 0.8 0.3 0.0 55.5 30.0 17.9 7.9 1.8 0.2 0.0 0.0 20.5 13.2 9.9 6.4 2.8 1.0 0.7 0.2 16.1 10.9 8.4 5.5 2.4 0.9 0.5 0.2 14.5 10.2 7.7 4.6 1.7 0.5 0.0 0.0


-25-

If the cumulative attenuation statistics are compared with the predicted excess

attenuation according to ITU-R (formerly CCIR) Report 564-4 (1990) using climate

P rain statistics, there appears to be a serious underestimation. CCIR Report 564-3

(1986) appears to give a much better match.

8.2. Limitations of the measurement

The dynamic range of the measurement was limited by the 24 dB threshold level of

the beacon receiver equipment. For instance, during the first year this level was

reached {or 0.03% of the time. For the second and third year see Table 6.

Table 6. Beacon receiver limitations versus year of operation

Limit of beacon receiver

% of time

0.03

0.04

0.02

Year of operation

1

2

3

As a consequence, the attenuation values for the 0.02% (high availability) criterion

could not be measured. For high availability systems, the worst-month criterion is

0.2% of the time. Table 7 shows the percentages of time measured for the worst

month.

Table 7. Worst month versus year of operation

Worst month

0.2% of time

Exceeding 24 dB

21.3 dB

20.4 dB

Year of operation

1

2

3


-26-

8.3. Median medium temperature

With reference to Fig. 4 it is possible to deduce path attenuation from measured sky

temperature when the physical medium temperature has a determined value. The

value found to be the most appropriate was 290 K. (see Fig. 9). For instance, it is

possible now to calculate the excess attenuation using radiometrically derived data

for a satellite broadcast service up to 12 dB. Beyond this value, radiometrically

derived attenuation values are highly sensitive to the assumed medium temperature

and are therefore inaccurate.

8.4. Rainfall climate zone for Smabaya

When the measured cumulative rainfall distributions and, in particular, the

three-year average cumulative distribution are compared with the ITU-RS (formerly

CCIR) indicated N, P and Q climatic zones, a discrepancy is noticed. It is not

possible to match the measured values with one of the N, P or Q climatic zone values

over the full cumulative distribution.

Table 8 gives the numerical values of the mentioned rain climatic zones and the three

year averaged values measured. These data are also given graphically in Fig. 9.

Table 8.

Percentage

of time

1.0

0.3

0.1

0.03

0.01

0.003

0.001

Comparison of values of rainfall rate for N,P and Q climatic zones with

the three year averaged data (mm/h).

ITU -R Rain Climate Zones

N P Q (three years)

5 12 24 3.0

15 34 49 17.4

35 65 72 50.8

65 105 96 87.9

95 145 115 119.6

140 200 142 147.9

180 250 170 174.7


.--.. -E S S '-' >. ... "-::n !: <U ..... !: -s:::

"@ ~

-27-

Rain Intensity 200

180

160

1 140

-~------------- ~~:~a3ge-1 ,. *

N N ITU-R P P ITU-R Q Q ITU-R

1 120

100 1 80

60

40

20

1~-3 10-2 10-1

% of time

Fig. 9. Comparison of N, P and Q climates rainfall rate statistics with those

measured.


-28-

8.5. Diurnal characteristics

The diurnal characteristics of the Surabaya measuring site were such that appreciably

more path attenuation was observed in the late afternoon (local time) and evening

hours than would be predicted from the annual statistics.

In Fig. 10 the diurnal variation of the excess attenuation for the second year of

measurement is shown.

Fig. 10. Diurnal variation of excess attenuation for the second year of

measurements. Diurnal data hours are given in GMT. Local time is

GMT +7. Attenuation numbers refer to the excess attenuation in dB

measured along the path.


-29-

8.6. Discussion

The meteorological characteristics of Surabaya indicate a high incidence of

thunderstorm activity and it is normally expected that such rain will fall in the later

part of the day. Figure 10 supports this expectation, showing a clear trend of

enhanced attenuation in the late afternoon and evening (noting that the hours axis is

GMT). Data not given here also show that the diurnal characteristics for the path

remain essentially the same if the statistics for each year are split up into the

six-month periods that correspond to the wet and the dry season. This would further

confirm that the local convectivity is the major driver of the diurnal trend rather

than larger weather patterns (e.g. monsoon and typhoon activity) which have an

annual impact on the statistics. Low attenuation values show less diurnal variation in

the figures, as would be expected, since much of this level of attenuation is due to

stratiform rain.

From the diurnal characteristics shown, it would appear that Ku-band services in the

morning and the early afternoon hours (6:00 a.m. - 1:00 p.m. local time) would suffer

appreciably less impairments than those in the late afternoon and evening (3:00 p.m. -

10:00 p.m. local time). Video conferencing for business applications could therefore be

offered in the morning with much less risk of outages occurring than would be

suggested from the annual path attenuation statistics. On the other hand, video

broadcasting to the general population, with evening peak viewing hours, would

require a larger margin than the annual statistics would imply.


-30-

9. Acknowledgement

The authors are very grateful for the opportunity given by INTELSAT, Surabaya

Institute of Technology and Eindhoven University of Technology to perform the

described experiment in the framework of the INTEL 770-B contract. Dr. J.E.

Allnutt is especially acknowledged for his advisory support.

Finally, the authors of this paper would like to acknowledge C. Grolleman, C.

Sriwedari, M.A. Purnomo, M. Albers, B. Stalt, K. Holleboom, A. Mulyanto, Hendry,

A. v.d. Vorst, K.H. Liu, P. de Maagt, S. Touw, R. Schaffels, W. Vaessen, J. v.

Cranenbroek, v. Nigtevecht, J. Derksen and Th. Pellegrino whose technical and

administrative support made it possible to carry out and report on this programme.

t B. Stal deceased on May 24, 1992.


-31-


FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

TELECOMMUNICATIONS DIVISION

Appendices

"11 GHz Satellite Beacon Data

in the Western Pacific Basin"

Contract INTEL-770B

Final Report

IA: Specification of the rain meter

IB: Specification of the beacon receiver

IC: Specification of the radiometer

ID: Specification of the data acquisition system

IE: The data processing procedure


-32-

Appendix lA: Specification of the rain meter

Table lA.!. Rainmeter specification

manufacturer type orifice bucket volume

Thies 5.4031.31.000 tipping bucket 200 em2

2 emil

2/200 em ~ 0.1 mm rain height Fig. lA.1: three linear parts

one pulse calibration curve minimum rain rate maximum rain rate

0.1 mm/h (one pulse per hour) 420 mm/h (one pulse per second, non linear curve)

integration time T 1 hour < T < 1 sec.

Integration time versus rain rate

Rain rate R mm/h

420 60 6

0.1

Integration time T sec.

1 6

60 3600

In Fig. 1A.1 the rain meter calibration curve is given.

Pulse/min

Pulses/mm

60 10 1 1/60

100 ~4-~~--~4-~~--~4--r~--~~-r--

60 1----+---+--+---+-

50 +---+-~-4---+--+---r-+---+--r-

o 300 420 600 mm/h

Fig. lA.1. Rain meter calibration curve.


-33-

Appendix 1B: Specification of beacon receiver

Ta.ble lB.!. Beacon receiver specification

antenna and front-€nd

antenna type antenna diameter efficiency antenna gain antenna noise temperature figure of merit polarisation frequency type of mount measured B (3 dB) waveguide loss

LNA noise figure power gain frequency band

filter) mixer and pre-amplifier local oscillator image rejection filter

IF receiver first IF frequency second IF receiver gain

focal point 3.6 meter 0.64 50.8 dBi 25 K elev. 200

23.4 dB/K RHCP, LHCP 11-12 GHz az. - e1. 0.430

1.2 dB

1.2 dB 28 dB 10.7 - 11. 75 GHz

11.198 or 11.452 GHz 11.325 GHz 11.452 or 11.198 GHz

127 MHz 10 MHz > 100 dB

In Fig. 1B.1 the relevant frequency spectra are shown. In Fig. 1B.2 the beacon receiver block diagram is given.

11198 lt325

~r radiometer

~

It channel no. ,1 1-2 r I 5-6 r _I I 10950 11200

!oil -t-250 250

11452

~'1 cm

~ '"'' II I 114~J I I

250

Fig. lB.1. Frequency spectrum of beacon signals and radiometer.


7-12 I, IlpO ..

121. 7 dBrn from antenna

-123.3 dBm

-O.B dB

,... - --f

:test :(Optional) \.. .'

-106. :I dBm

1+17

I I I

-7.3 dB

'111,52 tlllz

dl} 11193 Bllz 1

f l.7

-113.6 dBm -B3.6 dBrn -B'J.6 dBm -3'1.6 dBm o dBm I

,I I

!- 30 dB + SO dB !-3').6 dB

1-(; dll

I 1

127 HlIz I I 10 ;mz I 10 Hllz I

'0®i~~}~ I

[b", "",

HPLL"

output Co

status flfreqlf

1.-____________________________ .... s tatnH rtpLO"

Fig. lB.2. Beacon receiver block diagram

~ t

·-35-

In Table IB.2 the receiver link budgt is given. In Table IB.3 the PLL receiver specification is given. Figure IB.3 shows the phase-locked-loop receiver blockdiagram.

Table IB.2. Beacon receiver link budget

EIRP towards Surabaya = Path loss = Atmospheric attenuation = Antenna pointing loss = Antenna gain 1/(1f.~.f)2 ::::

1/:::: 63%

k (Boltzmann's constant] :::: Bn [Noise BW :::: 300 Hz :::::: Ta antenna noise temp. = Tr receiver noise temp.) = Tsystem :::: Ta + Tr

C/N :::: C/N threshold =

9dBW 205.5 dB 0.4 dB 0.3 dB 50.8 dB

-228.6 dBW /HzK 24.8 dBHz 30 K 523 K 27.4 dBK

30.0 dB 6 dB

Power received by beacon antenna:

C :::: -146.4 dBW

Noise received by system = k. T system.Bn N:::: -176.4 dBW

Dynamic range :::: 24.0 dB

Fig. IB.3. Phase-locked-loop block diagram.


-36-

Table IB.3. Phase-locked-loop receiver specification

Parameter

IF input frequency

min. (in lock) input level

max. input level

output stability (200C ± 20C)

dynamic range

output lin. full sweep range

max. sweep range

min. sweep range

IF frequency

IF banfwidth

det ector stab. 200C : 20C) VCO frequency

VCO stab. (open loop)

(200C : 20C)

VCXO frequency

VCXO freq. stab. (open loop)

(200C : 20C)

loop bandwidth manual/ autom.

phase det. bandwidth

amplitude det. bandwidth

phase stab. (200C : 20C)

crosstalk in Co and X polar

IF amplifier chain coupled to

PLL Co and X receiver

main polar

10 MHz

-110 dBm

OdBm

±0.15 dB (OdBm-40dBm) 60 dB

:0.3 dB

:50 kHz

:100 Hz

125 kHz

10 kHz

:0.1 dB ( OdBm-4 OdBm) 10.125 MHz

: 500 Hz

100-200-500 1000 Hz

1-3-10-30-100 Hz

~ 80 dB

cross polar

10 MHz

-86 dBm

-26 dBm

:0.15 dB ( -26dBm-66dBm) 60 dB

:0.3 dB

:1 kHz

:3 Hz

5 kHz

1 kHz

:0.1 dB ( -26dBm-66dBm)

120 kHz

: 1 Hz

1-3-5 Hz

0.3-3-30 Hz

1-3-10-30-100 Hz


-37-

Appendix 1C: Specifications of the radiometer

Fig. 1C.1. The 1.8 meter radiometer antenna.

Type Diameter equivalent aperture FID ratio Feeders: dual mode conical horn

scalar horn for 20 & 30 year Antenna gain Polarisation Offset angle Feeder offset angle Subtending angle Elevation angle Frequency Radiometer type Centre frequency IF frequency IF bandwidth System noise temperature Measurement range Calibration range Integration time constant Output resolution Output long term stability Calibration at aperture of feeder Repeatability of calibration Total Tsky measurement error Temperature RF) IF section Output to data acquisition system Output to chart recorder

offset antenna D = 1.8 m 0.51 8 (3 dB) = 0.940

El (3 dB) = 1.20

47.0 dBi linear 26.50

460

900

14.70 and 200

11.335 GHz Dicke switched 11.3 GHz 60 MHz 100 MHz 1100 K + Ta 0-400 K 40 K f.s. 2s 0.5 K 1 K/month hot I cold load ::I: 1K 4K 310 K::I: 0.5 K ::I: 5 volt :I: 5 volt

Final Report INTELSAT 77O-B

-38-

Appendix 1D: Specification of the data acquisition system

An overview of the data acquisition system is given in Fig. ID.l.

XT computer 640 kB Floppy system

/

Coproc 8087

CGA Monitor

f = 40 Hz

/ s

Keyboard

DAC 8 Board

,

Aliasing

I/O unit Filter Unit Clock

j~ (B = 22 Hz)

,... 0 Beacon signal 12 Bit

8 Data Channels

1 Test signal

2 Outside temperature 8 Bit

3 Inside temperature 8 BIt

4 Antenna noise signal 10 Bit

5 Ref. temp. radiometer 8 Bit

6 Test signal 8 Bit

7 PLL frequency 8 Bit

t-----r 1 PLL "lock" 1 Bit

3 Status

Channels

2 Power down detection 1 Bit

3 Spare 1 Bit

Sampling rate: 40 Hz

Deciminatien to: 1 Hz or 0.1 Hz

Moving average filtering (sine filtering)

A software

B Data

C Data

Com D Data

• ~

Power

supply

1~

Rainmeter

Decimation to: 1 Hz or 0.1 Hz Final Report INTELSAT 770-B

-39-

Each time a bucket of the raingauge is filled and tips, the computer receives a pulse

and the time of that pulse is recorded in the data acquisition system in tenths of

seconds after the beginning of the current hour.

The data acquisition system records the values of the measured attenuation, the

antenna noise temperature, the rain rate, the inside and outside temperature and

three test signals on a floppy disk every second if the system is in the event state or

every 10 seconds otherwise. The system is in the event state if the attenuation is

larger than 1.5 dB and/or the rate of change of the attenuation is larger than

0.2 dB /10 sec.

One recorded sample consists of nine signal values and a status value in ten channels

of 2 bytes each (integers). The signal values are in the range 0 - 4095 because of the

twelve-bit A/D converter in the data acquisition system. The status channel contains

coded information on the event state, the time of the sample and three digital

channels.

The measurement results are not only digitally stored on floppy disks but also

registered on a chart recorder in analogue form.

Twice a day, a report is made on the weather condition in a logbook.

In this report the following data are recorded:

- general weather conditions

- inside and outside temperature

- inside and outside humidity

- maximum value of antenna noise and attenuation

- number and time of detected events

- number of (local) rain showers

- calibration data

- occurrence of power-downs.

The original floppy disks, chart recorder output and the logbook are all sent to EUT.


-40-

Appendix IE: Data processing

General

All processing and analysis results of the measured data are obtained using software

written in the 'language' ASYST.

Inspection and repairing the da.ta.

Upon reception at EUT, the data of the floppy diskettes are copied onto hard disk,

where it is inspected, corrected and converted.

- If a signal was unreliable or not at all recorded during a certain period of time (e.g.

because of clock correction or power-down), the signal gets the value "undefined"

(the integer -32767) over that period. After this, everywhere in time all signals have

a value, be it defined or undefined. The undefined time plays an important role in the

production of the cumulative distributions (CDs).

- All signals are converted to 'engineering units': the original signal value (SV) times

an integer power of ten (SVxIO or SVxlOO). The undefined value of -32767 is not

changed in this conversion.

Signal conversions

Defined time

The recorded signals may show peaks (e.g. because of testing or calibration). These

peaks normally appear at times of clear sky conditions. As described above there are

some periods that the signal is undefined. These periods can appear during clear sky

conditions but also during events. For the analysis attention is focussed on event

periods.


-41-

Testing and calibration peaks and undefined times are handled as follows:

- Signal peaks during events are removed, if necessary, by linear interpolation

between the signal values immediately before and after the peak.

- Short undefined periods during an event are removed by linear interpolation

between the signal values immediately before and after the undefined period.

- Undefined periods are also removed by linear interpolation if it is certain that there

was no event during that period (by looking at the chart recorder output).

- If it is certain that an event occurred during an undefined period or if it is not

known whether or not an event occurred during that period, the period will remain

undefined.

Beacon attenuation

Besides the correction for peaks and power downs, the measured beacon attenuation

has to be corrected for the movement of the satellite. Because a non-tracking

antenna is used, the satellite moves relative to the boresite of the antenna. This

results in a quasi sine function (with a period of 1 or 2 a day) in the beacon signal

with a peak-to-peak value of the 'sine' to :% 0.5 dB. The remaining part of the sine is

removed during event periods by linear interpolation between the values (averaged

over two minutes) of the attenuation at the beginning and end of the event. Because

of the small amplitude of the sine, its long period (12 or 24 hours) and the much

shorter event durations (less than 5 hours) the worst case error (that occurs only very

seldomly) is 0.5 dB for the first two years. See also Fig. 5 for the 3rd year.

Sky noise temperature for the first measuring year

The measured (calibrated) antenna noise temperature is the total antenna noise

temperature. However we are only interested in the sky noise temperature (the noise

temperature in the direction of the satellite path). Therefore a correction has to be

made for all other contributions. To calculate the various contributions, feed and

antenna patterns (as far as they were known) and a model of the distributions of the

sky temperature were used.

Final Report INTEL SAT 770-B

-42-

Approximation of the feed pattern.

The feed pattern was approximated with the formula (with an edge illumination of

-11 dB):

Gf 2.(n+1).cosn8

(where n = 7.3).

The antenna pattern is only known for the main beam (:I: 3 degrees).

With these data the following contributions were calculated:

1st year 2nd and 3rd year

-main beam 92% 97%

- spillover to sky 3.2% 1%

- spillover to ground 2.4% 1%

- uniform sidelobes 2.4% 1%

The used model of the temperature distribution of the sky (under clear sky

conditions) is shown in Fig. lE.I.

With these data the calculation of the contributions of the various directions to the

total antenna noise temperature was performed.

zenith

ground

00 < B < 87.50

Tsky 2 = 200 K

87.50 < B < 900

T ground = 300 K

Tsky

300

200

115-~

100

9

Tsky 2

2.5 30 60 90

elevation (0)

Fig. IE. I. Model of the distribution of the sky temperature.


-43-

During clear sky conditions the total antenna noise temperature is:

T A = 23.7 . 0.92 + 300 .0.024 + 10 . 0.032 + 164.1 . 0.024 = 33.2 K

(main beam + spillover ground + spillover sky + wide angle) -

23.7 )( 0.92 + 11.4

This noise temperature is in agreement with the measured clear sky antenna noise

temperature. This means that the conversion formula from measured antenna noise

temperature to desired sky noise temperature is:

This conversion is correct under clear sky conditions and if there is no local rain. In

the case of local rain the contributions of the spillover from sky is larger than shown

in the formula above.

In case of very heavy rainfall the sky temperature can reach 300 K. In this case the

contributions from the total spillover and wide angle is 24 K instead of 11.4 K

(24 -11.4 = 12.6 [K]). This was added to the model by assuming a linear relationship

between the local rain rate and the extra antenna noise temperature.

T A -11.4 -~ . RR Ts = 0.92

(with a maximum contribution of 24 K at a rain rate of 200 mm/h and higher).

Rain intensity

The original values in the rain channel represent the time of a rain pulse in tenths of

seconds since the beginning of the current hour. They are converted to rain intensity

(mm/h) using the calibration graph from the manual of the tipping bucket raingauge.

Final Report INTELSAT 77Q-B

-44-

Data analysis

Cumulative distributions (CDs)

The CDs are calculated using the selected events. This means that the CDs of the

(excess) attenuation. are correct for an attenuation more than 1.5 dB and the CDs of

the sky noise temperature from about 40 K.

All CDs have been normalized to define time (DT), DT = 100%. This is the total

period (TT, e.g. 1 month) minus the undefined periods (UT): DT = TT-UT (see Fig.

1E.2). The DT is for all the signals (attenuation, sky noise temperature and rain rate)

in the order of 99%. Only in the case of the sky noise temperature in February 1991

the DT is 94%. The reason is that in that month the blower of the feed of the

radiometer was defect, which means that the sky noise temperature at periods of local

rain was incorrectly measured (raindrops on the feed). Therefore in these periods the

radiometer signal was assigned the value undefined (UT).

~ Total period: TT

Undefined period: UT

Defined period: DT

~ Events

Fig. 1E.2. Definition of TT, DT and UT.

Event duration

The beacon attenuation signal value range was split up into integer dB values. Then

it is calculated how much time the measured attenuation is above every level (dB).


-45-

Effective medium temperature

Because both the (excess) attenuation and the sky noise temperature were measured,

an effective medium temperature (Tm) can be determined. The following model was

used:

Ts = Tc.t + Tm.(1-t) and Tm = TSi:rt where:

T c: noise temperature due to cosmic and galactic radiation (::::: 4K)

t: total attenuation (excess attenuation + 0.37 dB) of the beacon signal

(Atot = -101og(t».

To determine T m only those events were used where both the attenuation and the sky

noise temperature are defined.

Derived attenuation

The formula above can be rewritten as follows:

Ader = -lO.logt = -10.log(~m-1s) m- c

Ader is the (total) attenuation derived with the measured sky noise temperature and

a (constant) Tm. The CDs of the derived attenuation have been calculated using the

medium temperatures 250, 260, 270, 280 and 290 K.

Second and third year measurements

In the second and third measurement year (April 1991 - March 1993) some hardware

changes were made. Differences from first measurement year are:

- satellite : INTELSAT 510

- position

- elevation angle

: 174 degrees E

: 20 degrees

- feed of the focal point antenna resulting in an antenna pattern with less spillover.

For the determination of the sky noise temperature the following formula has been

used:

Ts = 1.031 T A - 4.876 [K] with h = 0.97.


SECTION 2

Submissions to

ITU-R data bank

Documents CCIR Study Groups Period 1990-1994

-1-

Document 5C/NL-1 22 July 1993 Original: English

CONTRIBUTION TO THE PROPAGATION DATA BANKS

RESULTS OF 11.2 GHz SATELLITE PROPAGATION EXPERIMENTS IN INDONESIA

Introduction The Eindhoven University of Technology (EUT) and the Institute of Technology Sepuluh Nopember (ITS)' Surabaya have executed a measurement campaign for the period 1990-1993 [1], which was partly financed by the Netherlands Universities Foundation for International Cooperation (NUFFIC) and the Research and Development Division of INTELSAT.

Measurement system and site details

The measurement system consisted of a tipping bucket rainmeter, beacon receiver, radiometer, data acquisition system and chart recorder. The rainmeter was calibrated to measure tropical rainfall with intensities up to 500 mm/h. The beacon receiver measured the attenuation of the 11.198 GHz beacon signal from the Intelsat-V Pacific Ocean. A 4.5 meter prime focus parabolic antenna was used which was effectually illuminated as a 3.6 meter diameter antenna. The Dicke-switched radiometer used a 1.8 meter parabolic offset antenna and measured the sky-noise temperature along the satellite path. The data acquisition system stored the data at a rate of 1 sample per second during events and 1 sample per 10 seconds in all other cases. A chart recorder was used for quick-view and back-up purposes. The complete measurement system was backed-up by two uninterruptable power supplies and solar panels. The Surabaya site coordinates were 7.30 South and 112.80 East. In the first measurement year (March 1990 until February 1991) the measurement system received the beacon from the INTELSAT-508 which was located at 1800 East and which resulted in an elevation angle of 14.10. In the second (April 1991 until March 1992) and third measurement year (April 1992 until March 1993) the antennas have been pointed to the Intelsat-510 at 1740 East. This resulted in an elevation of 20°, The azimuth was about 86° in both cases. The antenna height was 16.5 meters above mean sea-level.

-2-

Part II: Earth-space path data

Table 1/-1 Slant Path Annual rain attenuation and rain rate

Stat i on m.lllber Receive station RX site name RX country RX latitude (-90 •• +90) (deg) RX longitude (0 •• 360) (deg) E RX altitude amsl ~ (m)

RX antenna height ag ~ (m) RX 3 dB beamwidth at (deg) RX CCIR zone

nla

Surabaya Indonesia -7.15.00

112.44 16.5

15 .43

P

Measurement: Exp Nr Satellite name Satellite orbital position (deg) E Type of experilNTElSAT Start date (yyyy.mm.dd) End date (yyyy.mm.dd) Duration (days) Frequency (GHz) Polarization (lIe)

Year 1 INTElSAT-S08

180.0 INTElSAT 770-B

1990.03.01 1991.02.28

361.82 11.198

RHCP

RX antenna type prime focus symmetrical paraboloid RX antenna diameter ~ (m) 3.6

Polarization tilt 'p(deg) Elevation angle (deg)

nla 14.1

RG data concurrent (YIN) Y Medium temp. (if radiometer) ~ (K) to be determined RX antenna feed type

RX radome (feed) (YIN) RX figure of merit (dB/K) RX clear-sky level XPDo (dB) RX max. side-lobe angle < 4 (deg) RX rel. level of maximum side lobe (dB) RX dynamic range (dB) RX integration time (s)

Table:

corrugated horn Y

23.4 nla

Data sampling interval (s) 1(event)/10(off event) Calibration interval (days) 14

Data resolution (dB) 0.1 nla Rain gauge type Tipping Bucket

0.1 3600-'

nla RG resolution (mm/h) 24 RG integration time (s)

RG location relative to receiver within 20 m Attenuation presented as excess or total (E/T) E

Rain rate exceeded for percentage of the year, R (mm/h) Attenuation exceeded for percentage of the year, A (dB)

Perc. year % 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.005 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.05

R (rom/h) 162 143.6 136.5 124.7 109.8 88.6 75.4 59.8 Att. (dB) - - - - - - - -

Perc. year % 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.5 1 2 3 5

R (rom/h) 42.3 23.5 14.5 6.7 4.1 2.1 0.0 0.0 Att. (dB) 20.5 13.2 9.9 6.4 2.8 1.0 0.7 0.2

Perc.year % 10 20 30 50

R (rom/h) - - - -Att. (dB) - - - -

References:

Connents:

-3-


Table 1/-2 Slant Path Worst-month rain attenuation statistics

Station nllllber Receive station RX site name RX country RX latitude (-90 •• +90) (deg) RX longitude (0 •• 360) (deg) E RX altitude amsl ~ (m) RX antenna height ag ~ (m) RX 3 dB beamwidth S, (deg> RX CCIR zone

nla


112.44 16.5

15 .43

p

Measurement: Exp Nr Satell ite name Satellite orbital position (deg) E Type of exper i ment Start date (yyyy.nm.dd) End date (yyyy.nm.dd) Duration (days) Frequency (GHz) PoLarization (L/C)

Year 1

INTELSAT-508 180.0

INTELSAT 770-B 1990.03.01 1991.02.28

361.82 11.198

RHCP

RX antenna type prime focus symmetrical paraboloid 3.6


nla 14.1

RX antenna diameter ~ (m)

RX antenna feed type RX radome (feed) (YIN) RX figure of merit (dB/K) RX clear-sky level XPD (dB)

RX maximum side-lobe angle < 4 (deg) RX rel. level of maximum side lobe (dB) RX dynamic range (dB) RX integration time (s)

Table:

corrugated horn Y

23.4 nla nla nla 24

1

RG data concurrent (YIN) Y Medium temp. (if radiometer) L...t (K) to be determined Data sampling interval (s) 1(event)/10(off event) CaLibration interval (days) 14 Data resoLution (dB) 0.1 Rain gauge type KG resolution (nmlh)

RG integration time (s)

Ti ppi ng Bucket 0.1

3600-1 RG location relative to receiver within 20 m Attenuation presented as excess or total (E/T) E

Rain rate exceeded for percentage of the worst month, R (nmlh) Attenuation exceeded for percentage of the worst month, A (dB)

Perc.

R (rom/h) Att. (dB)

Perc. W.M.%

R (rom/h) Att. (dB)

References:

Conments:

71.2

10

====9=====~=====F====~=====T====~====~

0.003 0.005 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.05

203 176 149 120 115.3 99.6

0.3 0.5 1 2 3 5

50.8 40.0 26.7 9.1 4.5 3.8 2.4 20.3 12.4 5.7 2.8 1.0

20 30 50

-4-


Table 1/-3 Slant path fade duration statistics

Station number Receive station RX site name RX countr6y RX latitude (-90 •• +90) (deg) RX longitude (0 •• 360) (deg) E RX altitude arnsl ~ (m) RX antenna height ag ~ (m) RX 3 dB beamwidth S, (deg) RX CCIR zone

nla Measurement: Exp Nr. Satellite name

Surabaya Satellite orbital position (deg) E Indonesia Type of experiment -7.15.00 Start date (yyyy.mm.dd)

112.44 End date (yyyy.mm.dd) 16.5 Duration (days)

15 Frequency (GHz) .43 Polarization (L/C)

p

RX antenna type prime focus symmetrical paraboloid Polarization tilt 'p (deg) Elevation angle (deg)

Year 1 INTElSAT-S08

180.0 INTELSAT 770-B

1990.03.01 1991.02.28

361.82 11.198

RHCP nla

14.1 RX antenna diameter ~ em) 3.6 RX antenna feed type corrugated horn

RG data concurrent (YIN) Y Medium temp. (if radiometer) L...t (K) to be determined

RX radome (feed) (YIN) Y Data sampling interval (s) 1(event)/10(off eVent) RX figure of merit (dB/K) 23.4 Calibration interval (days) 14 RX clear-sky level XPD~ (dB)


Table a:

nla Data resolution (dB) 0.1 nla Rain gauge type nla RG resolution (mm/h)

24 RG integration time (s)

Tipping Bucket 0.1

3600-1 RG location relative to receiver within 20m Attenuation presented as excess or total (E/T) E

Fraction of total fading time for a fade duration (s) at a given level (dB)

Fade duro (s) 1 6 10 18 60 180 600 1800 3600 Level

3 dB - - 0.065 - 0.076 0.049 0.099 0.290 -5 dB - - 0.051 - 0.071 0.044 0.138 0.289 -6 dB - - 0.052 - 0.058 0.057 0.129 0.271 -

10 dB - - 0.043 - 0.051 0.054 0.155 0.343 -15 dB - - 0.032 - 0.047 0.052 0.116 0.410 -20 dB - - 0.037 - 0.054 0.050 0.186 0.338 -25 dB - - 0.030 - 0.089 0.068 0.158 0.654 -

Table b: Total fading time (s) and number of fades for a given level

Level T-total(s) No of Fades

3 dB 289110 6587 5 dB 195986 3697 6 dB 165293 3012

10 dB 92560 1477 15 dB 51954 640 20 dB 32537 458 25 dB 23110 290

References:

COIIIents:

-5-

Part IV: Radiometeorological data

Table IV-3 Annual statistics of sky noise temperature

Station number CCIR rain zone Radia.eter station Type of RM RM site name RM country RM Latitude (-90 •• +90) (deg) RM Longitude (0 •• 360) (deg) E RM aLtitude amsL ~ (m) RM antenna height ag ~ (m) RM 3 dB beamwi dth S, (deg) RM antenna type RM antenna diameter Q (m) RM antenna feed type RM radome (feed) (YIN)

nla Measurement: Exp Nr P Rain gauge type

RG resolution (mm/h)

Dicke Switched RG integration time (s) Surabaya RG location reLative to receiver

Indonesia RG data concurrent (YIN) -7.15.00 RG accumulation per tip (mm/tip)

112.44 RG aperture (cm2)

16.5 Start date (yyyy.mm.dd) 15 End date (yyyy.mm.dd)

.94 Duration 9 (days) offset paraboLoid Frequency! (GHz)

1.8 PoLarization (L/C)

Potter horn PoLarization tiLt 'p (deg) Y ELevation angle (deg)

RM maximum side-lobe angle < 4 (deg) nla Radiosonde data colLected (YIN) >-20 Temperature recorded (YIN) RM reL. level of maximum side Lobe (dB)

RM dynamic range (dB) 12 Humidity measured (YIN) Pressure measured (YIN) RM integration time (s)

RM bandwidth (MHz) Data sampling intervaL (s) CaLibration interval (days) Data resolution (K)

100 Cloud cover recorded (YIN) 1(event)1 10(off event)

30 0.2

Table: Sky noise temperature ~y exceeded for percentage of % (K)

Rain rate R exceeded for percentage of time (mm/h)

Percentage 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.005 0.01 0.02 0.03 of year 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.5 1 2 3

10 20 30 50

TSky 309 307 305 302 299 295 291 (K) 274 260 242 207 131 72 52

- - -Rain rate 162 143.6 136.5 124.7 109.8 88.6 75.4

(rom/h) 42.3 23.5 14.5 6.7 4.1 2.1 0.0 00.0 00.0 00.0 00.0

References:

COIIIIIef'Its:

Year1 Tipping Bucket

0.1 3600-1

within 20m Y

0.1 200

1990.03.01 1991.02.28

360.67

0.05 5

285 36

59.8 0.0

11.316 RHCP nla

14.1 N

Y

Y

N

Y

-6-

Part 11-1 Earth-space path data


Station number Receive station RX site name RX country RX Latitude (-90 •• +90) (deg) RX longitude (0 •• 360) (deg) E RX aLtitude amsL ~ (m) RX antenna height ag ~ (m) RX 3 dB beamwidth 9, (deg) RX CCIR zone

nla


112.44 16.5

15 .43

P

RX antenna type prime focus symmetrical paraboloid RX antenna diameter ~ (m) 3.6 RX antenna feed type corrugated horn RX radome (feed) (YIN) Y RX figure of merit (dB/K) 23.4

Measurement: Exp Nr Satellite name SateLlite orbital position (deg) E Type of experiment Start date (yyyy.mm.dd) End date (yyyy.mm.dd) Duration (days) Frequency (GHz) Polarization (L/C)

Year 2 INTELSAT-510


1991.04.01 1992.03.31

356.48 11. 198

RHCP Polari zati on tilt 'p(deg) nla Elevation angle (deg) 20.2 RG data concurrent (YIN) Y Medium temp. (if radiometer) Ln..t (K) to be determined Data sampling interval (s) 1(event)/10(off event) Calibration interval (days) 14

RX clear-sky level XPDo (dB)

RX max. side-lobe angle < 4 (deg) nla Data resolut i on (dB)

nla Rain gauge type 0.1

Ti ppi ng Bucket 0.1

3600-1 RX rel. level of maximum side lobe (dB) RX dynamic range (dB) RX integration time (s)

Table:



Rain rate exceeded for percentage of the year, R (mmlh) Attenuation exceeded for percentage of the year, A (dB)

Perc.year % 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.005 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.05

/h) 180.8 169.1 156.8 143.7 125.1 103.0 92.2 76.3 Att. (dB) - - - - - - - 21.7

rc.year % 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.5 1 2 3 5

(rom/h) 54.5 32.5 19.9 9.4 3.1 0.8 0.3 a tt. (dB) 16.1 10.9 8.4 5.5 2.4 0.9 0.5

Perc.year % 10 20 30 50

R (rom/h) 00.0 00.0 00.0 00.0 Att. (dB) - - - -

References:

COIIIIIefltS:

-7-



Station number Receive station RX site name RX country RX latitude (-90 •• +90) (deg) RX longitude (0 •• 360) (deg) E RX altitude emsl ~ (m) RX antenna height ag ~ (m) RX 3 dS bealllWidth ar (deg) RX CCIR zone

nla Measurement: Exp Nr SateH ite name




P

Year 2 INTELSAT-510


1991.04.01 1992.03.31

356.48 11.198

RHCP

RX antenna type prime focus symmetrical paraboloid RX antenna diameter 2 (m) 3.6


nla 20.2

RG data concurrent (YIN) Y Medium temp. (if radiometer) ~ (K) to be determined RX antenna feed type

RX radome (feed) (YIN) RX figure of merit (dB/K) RX clear-sky level XPD (dS) RX maximum side-lobe angle < 4 (deg) RX rel. level of maximum side lobe (dB) RX dynamic range (dB) RX integration time (s)

Table:

corrugated horn Y

23.4 Data sampling interval (s) 1(event)/10(off event) Calibration interval (days) 14

nla Data resolution (dS) nla Rain gauge type

0.1 Tipping Bucket

0.1 3600-1



Rain rate exceeded for percentage of the worst month, R (mm/h) Attenuation exceeded for percentage of the worst month, A (dS)

Perc. W.M.\ 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.005 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.05

R Cmm/h) - - - 188.1 172 .9 147.8 136.5 122.7 Att. (dB) - - - - - - - -

Perc. W.M.\ 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.5 1 2 3 5

R (mm/h) 102.4 78.8 65.1 46.9 21.5 4.7 2.5 0.8 Att. (dB) - 21.3 18.4 13.5 7.1 3.7 2.0 0.8

Perc. W.M.\ 10 20 30 50

R Cmm/h) 00.0 00.0 00.0 00.0 Att. (dB) - - - -

References:

CooIaents:

-8-


Table 1/-3 Slant path fade duration stati8stics

Station number Receive station RX site name RX country RX latitude (-90 •• +90) (deg) RX longitude (0 .• 360) (deg) E RX altitude amsl ~ (m) RX antenna height ag ~ (m) RX 3 dB beamwidth ST (deg) RX CCIR zone

nla Measurement: Exp Nr. Satellite name




P

RX antenna type prime focus symmetrical paraboloid Polarization tilt 'p (deg) Elevation angle (deg)

RX antenna diameter ~ em) 3.6 RG data concurrent (YIN)

Year 2 INTELSAT 510


1991.04.01 1992.03.31

354.78 11.198

RHCP nla

20.2 Y

RX antenna feed type corrugated horn Medium temp. (if radiometer) 1- (K) to be determined RX radome (feed) (YIN) Y RX figure of merit (dB/K) 23.4 RX clear-sky leveL ~ (dB) nla RX maximum side-lobe angle < 4 (deg) RX rel. level of maximum side lobe (dB) RX dynamic range (dB) RX integration time (s)

Table a:

nla nla

24

Data sampling interval (s) 1(event)/10(off event) CaLibration interval (days) 14 Data resolution (dB) 0.1 Rain gauge type Tipping Bucket RG resolution (mm/h) 0.1 RG integration time (s) 3600-' RG location relative to receiver within 20m Attenuation presented as excess or total (E/T) E

Fraction of total fading time for a fade duration (s) at a given level (dB)

Fade dur.(s) 1 6 10 18 60 180 600 1800 3600 Level

3 dB - - 0.050 - 0.061 0.044 0.116 0.238 -5 dB - - 0.046 - 0.054 0.054 0.122 0.264 -6 dB - - 0.042 - 0.054 0.065 0.122 0.309 -

10 dB - - 0.040 - 0.056 0.079 0.156 0.310 -15 dB - - 0.032 - 0.057 0.051 0.198 0.242 -20 dB - - 0.044 - 0.055 0.058 0.214 0.418 -25 dB - - 0.013 - 0.054 0.061 0.216 0.656 -



3 dB 255397 4373 5 dB 166115 2724 6 dB 137256 2112

10 dB 70954 1093 15 dB 34613 429 20 dB 18962 335 25 dB 10530 82

References:

tonnents:

-9-

Part IV: Radhllleteorological data


Station number CCIR rain zone RadiOllleter station Type of RM

nla Measurement: Exp Nr P Rain gauge type

RG resolution (mm/h) Dicke Switched RG integration time (s)

RM site name RM country RM latitude (-90 •• +90) (deg) RM longitude (0 •• 360) (deg) E RM altitude amsl hw (m) RM antenna height ag hw (m)

RM 3 dB beamwidth 0, (deg) M antenna type RM antenna diameter 2 (m) RM antenna feed type RM radome (feed) (YIN)


112.44 16.5

15 .94

offset paraboloid 1.8

corrugated horn y

RM maximum side-lobe angle < 4 (deg) nla >-20

12 1

100 1(event)1 10(off event)

30

RM rel. level of maximum side lobe (dB) RM dynamic range (dB)

RM integration time (s) RM bandwidth (MHz) Data sampling interval (s) Calibration interval (days) Data resolution (K)

Table:

0.1

Sky noise temperature ~y exceeded for percentage of % (K) Rain rate R exceeded for percentage of time (mm/h)

RG location relative to receiver RG data concurrent (YIN) RG accumulation per tip (mm/tip) RG aperture (cm2

)

Start date (yyyy.mm.dd)

End date (yyyy.mm.dd)

Duration 9 (days) Frequency i (GHz) Polarization (L/C) Polarization tilt 'p (deg) Elevation angle (deg) Radiosonde data collected (YIN) Temperature recorded (YIN) Humidity measured (YIN) Pressure measured (YIN) Cloud cover recorded (YIN)


10 20 30 50

TSky 301.8 299.8 299.6 299.2 298.2 296.1 294.0 (K) 281.3 265.3 248.5 210.2 131.9 67.6 46.5

- - - -Rain rate 180.8 169.1 156.8 143.7 125.1 103.0 92.2

(rom/h) 54.5 32.5 19.9 9.4 3.1 0.8 0.3 - - - -

References:

Comments:


0.1 3600-1

within 20m Y

0.1 200

1991.04.01 1992.03.31

354.79

0.05 5

289.9 29.3

76.3 0.0

11.316 RHCP nla

20.2 N

Y

Y

N

Y

-10-



Station number Receive station RX site name RX country RX latitude (-90 •• +90) (deg) RX longitude (0 •• 360) (deg) E RX altitude amsl ~ (m) RX antenna height ag ~ (m) RX 3 dB beamwidth 9r (deg) RX CCIR zone

nla


112.44 16.5

15 .43

p

RX antenna type prime focus symmetrical paraboloid RX antenna diameter ~ (m) 3.6 RX antenna feed type RX radome (feed) (YIN) RX figure of merit (dB/K)

RX clear-sky level XPD~ (dB)

RX max. side-lobe angle < 4 (deg) RX rel. level of maximum side lobe (dB) RX dynamic range (dB)

RX integration time (s)

Table:

corrugated horn Y

23.4 nla nla nla 24

Rain rate exceeded for percentage of the year, ! (mm/h) Attenuation exceeded for percentage of the year, A (dB)

Measurement: Exp Nr Satellite name Satellite orbital position (deg) E Type of experiment Start date (yyyy.mm.dd) End date (yyyy.mm.dd) Duration (days) Frequency (GHz) Polarization (L/C)


Year 3 INTELSAT-510


1992.04.01 1993.03.31

364.29 11.198

RHCP nla

20.2 RG data concurrent (Y/N) Y Medium temp. (if radiometer) ~ (K) to be determined Data sampling interval (s) 1(event)/10(off event) Calibration interval (days) 14 Data resolution (dB) 0.1 Rain gauge type RG resolution (mm/h) RG integration time (s)

Tipping Bucket 0.1

3600·1 RG location relative to receiver within 20 m Attenuation presented as excess or total (E/T) E

Perc.year % 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.005 0.01 0.02 0.03 O'~I R (rom/h) 181.2 167.6 150.5 139.9 123.8 106.4 96.1 77 .8 Att. (dB) - - - - - - 20.9 19.6

Perc.year % 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.5 1 2 3 5

(rom/h) 55.5 30.3 17.9 7.9 1.8 ".2 0.0 0.0 t. (dB) 14.5 10.2 7.7 4.5 1.7 0.5 0.0 0.0

Perc. year % 10 20 30 50

R (rom/h) 00.0 00.0 00.0 00.0 Att. (dB) 00.0 00.0 00.0 00.0

References:

COIIInents:



Station nllllber Receive station RX site name RX country RX latitude (-90 •• +90) (deg) RX longitude (0 •• 360) (deg) E RX altitude amsl h, (m) RX antenna height ag h, (m)

RX 3 dB beamwidth 9, (deg) RX CCIR zone

nla


112.44 16.5

15 .43

P

Measurement; Exp Nr Year 3 Satell ite name INTELSAT-510 Satellite orbital position (deg) E 174.0 Type of experiment tNTELSAT 77O-B Start date (yyyy.m.dd) 1992.04.01 End date (yyyy.m.dd) 1993.03.31 Duration (days) 364.29 Frequency (GHz) 11.198 Polarization (L/C) RHCP Polarization tilt 'p(deg) nla

RX antenna type prime focus symetrical paraboloid Elevation angle (deg) 20.2 RX antenna diameter ~ (m) RX antenna feed type RX radome (feed) (YIN) RX figure of merit (dB/K) RX clear-sky level XPD (dB)


Table:

3.6 RG data concurrent (YIN) Y corrugated horn

Y

23.4

Medium t~. (if radiometer) 1-t (K) to be determined Data sampling interval (s) 1(event)/10(off event) Calibration interval (d2ays) 14

nla Data resolution (dB)

nla Rain gauge type nla RG resolution (m/h)

24 RG integration time (s) RG location relative to receiver

0.1 Tipping Bucket

0.1 3600-1

within 20 m Attenuation presented as excess or total (E/T) E

Rain rate exceeded for percentage of the worst month, R (mmlh) Attenuation exceeded for percentage of the worst month, A (dB)

Perc. W.M.% 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.005 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.05

R (rom/h) - - 195.3 178.4 156.5 137.0 126.3 115.2 Att. (dB) - - - - - - - -

Perc. W.M.% 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.5 1 2 3 5

R (rom/h) 94.4 69.3 53.7 30.3 11.0 2 •. 6 1.4 0.3 Att. (dB) 21.5 20.4 19.7 13.1 5.7 1.6 0.8 0.3

~ 10 I 20 30 50

R (rom/h) - - - -Att. (dB) - - - -

References:

CClIIIIIeI"Its:

•

-12-


Table /1-3 Slant path fade duration statistics

Station number Receive station RX site name RX country 6 RX latitude (-90 .. +90) (deg) RX longitude (0 •• 360) (deg) E RX altitude amsl ~ (m) RX antenna height ag ~ (m) RX 3 dB beamwidth Sf (deg) RX CCIR zone

nla


112.44 16.5

15 .43

P RX antenna type prime focus symmetrical paraboloid RX antenna diameter ~ (m) RX antenna feed type RX radome (feed) (YIN) RX figure of merit (dB/K) RX clear-sky level ~ (dB)

3.6 corrugated horn

Y

23.4 nla

Measurement: Exp Nr. Year 3 Sate II i te name INTELSAT-510 Satellite orbital position (deg) E 174.0 Type of experiment INTELSAT 770-B Start date (yyyy.mm.dd) 1992.04.01 End date (yyyy.mm.dd) 1993.03.31 Duration (days) 298.99 Frequency (GHz) 11.198 Polarization (lIe) RHCP Polarization tilt 'p (deg) nla Elevation angle (deg) 20.2 RG data concurrent (YIN) Y Medium temp. (if radiometer) ~ (K) to be determined Data sampling interval (s) 1(event)/10(off event) Calibration interval (days) 14 Data resolution (dB) 0.1

RX maximum side-lobe angle < 4 (deg) nl a Ra i n gauge type Tipping Bucket 0.1

3600-1 RX rel. level of maximum side lobe (dB) RX dynamic range (dB)


RX integration time (s) RG location relative to receiver within 20m Attenuation presented as excess or total (E/T) E

Table a: Fraction of total fading time for a fade duration (s) at a given level (dB)

= ! Fade dur. (s) 1 6 10 I 18 60 180 600 1800 3600

Level 3 dB - 0.029 0.017 0.017 0.040 0.050 0.109 0.350 0.253 5 dB - 0.030 0.014 0.018 0.038 0.050 0.124 0.370 0.334 6 dB - 0.028 0.012 0.015 0.036 0.054 0.160 0.376 0.263

10 dB - 0.034 0.017 0.020 0.036 0.084 0.213 0.291 0.345 15 dB - 0.033 0.012 0.019 0.061 10.090 0.209 0.394 0.212 20 dB - 0.014 0.006 0.026 0.065 0.103 0.097 0.375 0.362 25 dB - 0.004 0.000 0.026 0.076 i 0.110 0.068 0.387 0.328



3 dB 188462 3151 5 dB 126605 2065 6 dB 107050 1638

10 dB 58174 1086 15 dB 27056 538 20 dB 13302 165 25 dB 6388 46

References:

Comments: due to the non-availibility of the full data acquisition facility. a reduced series of experiments was carried out in the IIIOI1ths J~ and July. As a result no event duration data was available for these IIIOI1ths.

-13-

Part IV: Radianeteorological data


Station nunber CIR rain zone Radiaaeter station Type of RM RM site name RM country RM latitude (-90 •• +90) (deg) RM longitude (0 •• 360) (deg) E RN altitude amsl hw (m) RM antenna height ag hw (m) RN 3 dB beamwidth Or (deg) RN antenna type RN antenna diameter ~ (m) RN antenna feed type RN radome (feed) (YIN)

nla P

Dicke Switched Surabaya

Indonesia -7.15.00

112.44 16.5

15 .94

offset paraboloid 1.8

RM maximum side-lobe angle < 4 (deg)

corrugated horn Y

nla >-20

12 RM rel. level of maximum side lobe (dB)

RN dynamic range (dB)

RN integration time (s) RM bandwidth (MHz) Data sampling interval (s) Calibration interval (days) Data resolution (K)

Table:

100 1(event)1 10(off event)

30 0.1

Sky noise temperature lMy exceeded for percentage of % (K) Rain rate R exceeded for percentage of time (mm/h)

MeasuN!8lel'1t: Exp N r Rain gauge type RG resolution (mm/h) RG integration time (s) RG location relative to receiver RG data concurrent (YIN) RG accumulation per tip (mm/tip) RG aperture (cm2

)

Start date (yyyy.mm.dd) End date (yyyy.mm.dd) Duration g (days) Frequency f (GHz) Polarization (L/C) Polarization tilt 'p (deg) Elevation angle (deg) Radiosonde data collected (YIN) Temperature recorded (YIN) Humidity measured (YIN) Pressure measured (YIN) Cloud cover recorded (YIN)


10 20 30 SO

TSky 308.5 307.1 305.6 302.6 299.4 297.3 295.3 (K) 282.8 266.8 248.0 205.4 119.0 62.2 46.3

- - - -Rain rate 181.2 167.6 150.6 140.0 123.8 106.4 96.1

(mm/h) 55.5 30.3 17.9 7.9 1.8 0.2 0.0 00.0 00.0 00.0 00.0

References:

Comments:


0.1 3600-1

within 20m Y

0.1 200

1992.04.01 1993.03.31

359.54

0.05 5

291.3 31.4

77.8 0.0

11.316 RHCP nla

20.2 N

Y

Y N

Y

SECTION 3

Publised Papers

1. Schaffels, R.F.J., W.T.E. Vaessen, G. Brussaard, J. Dijk, L.J.M. Wijdemans,

System Design Study for Propagation Measurements at Ku-band Frequencies on

an Earth-Satellite Down Link in the Maritime Tropical Climate Region of

Indonesia,

ITU-COM 89, Geneva, Oct. 1989, Section VI. 17, pp. 323-327.

2. Dijk, J., G. Brussaard, J.E. Allnutt,

Ku band Satellite-to-Ground Propagation Measurements in Indonesia,

URSI: Fj Open Symposium

Wave Propagation and Remote Sensing,

Ravenscar, North Yorkshire, UK, 8-12 June 1992, pp. 7.1.1.-7.1.5.

3. Brussaard, G., J. Dijk, K. Liu, J. Derksen,

Tropospheric Propagation Characteristics at Ku band for Satellite-to-Ground

and LOS Paths in Surabaya, Indonesia,

IEICE Transactions on Communications, Special Issue on ISAP 92, Vol. E76-B,

nr. 12, December 1993.

4. de Maagt, P.J.I., S.LE. Touw, J. Dijk, G. Brussaard, J.E. Allnutt,

Results of 11.2 GHz Propagation Experiments in Indonesia,

Electronics Letters, Oct. 28, 1993, Vol. 29, nr. 22, pp. 1988-1990.

5. de Maagt, P.J.I., S.LE. Touw, J. Dijk, G. Brussaard, L.J.M. Wijdemans,

J.E. Allnutt,

Diurnal Variations of 11.2 GHz Attenuation on a Satellite Path in Indonesia,

To be published in Electronics Letters, 1993.

SYSTEM DESIGN STUDY FOR PROPAGATION MEASUREMENTS AT KU-BAND FREQUENCIES ON AN EARTH-SATELLITE DOWNLINK IN THE MARITIME TROPICAL CLIMATE-REGION OF INDONESIA

Eindhoven University of Technology (Netherlands) VI • 17 Schaffels, R.F.J., W.T.E. Vaessen, G. Brussaard, J. Dijk, L.J.M. Wijdemans.

ABSTRACT

As part of a cooperation project between Eindhoven University of Teehnoiogy (The Netherlands) and Institut Teknologi Surabaya (Indonesia) and a research-contract with INTELSAT, a system design study regarding an INTELSAT-V (180 deg, E) - Surabaya downlink (14/11 GHz) for measurement of annual cumulative rainfade statistics has been executed. '

Conventional modeling of rain-fade statistics is not suitable for the high rainfall-rates of tropical monsoon-climates because of a lack of data concerning the microstructure of tropical rainshowers. Application of newly developed tropical dropsize distributions and rain-rate statistics for performance prediction modeling is under consideration.

From linkbudget calculations (assuming heavy rainfall conditions), an operational dynamic range of 22,3 dB (Antenna gain 51 dB, PLL-bandwidth 300 Hz) is feasible. Results regarding the effects of phase-noise originating from the INTELSAT-V beacon on operational dynamic range are given. For accurate amplitude detection a digital I-Q detection scheme has been proposed. For concurrent radiometric measurements, accuracy and sensitivity of a Dicke-switched radiometer have been given. Finally, a data.-acquisition and data-analysis system using the software package ASYSTtllt has been proposed.

L INTRODUCTION

Regarding modern communications in a global way, some remarkable items occur, At first, an increasing demand for communication capacity - and a related demand for propagation research - can be found, Secondly, modern communication systems can be found to be concentrated in certain highly developed parts of the world. Consequently there is an increasing demand for communication capacity outside the industrialized areas of the world, This paper presents a project of propagation research in support of both demands. .

1.1 University Coooeration

Since the early seventies, cooperation projects in the field oi telecommunications engineering have been executed between the Institute ~f Technology Sepuluh ;.!opember (ITS), Surabaya (Indonesia) and Eindhoven University of Technology (The :-l'etherlands).

Starting in 1989 a new cooperation project sponsored by :-l'UFFIC (Netherlands Universities Foundation For International Cooperation) and INTELSAT iTnternational Telecommunications Satellite Organization) have been planned.

1.2 P:-oiect aims

As the project concerns both eauc:J.tionai as well as scientific aspects, on one hand the aim will be to achieve a hzgher le'!Jei J.t Z,!S o~ educational perjo,,",!,-ance and research capability in ,he ;'7,eld oJ teiecommumcat.ons, On the other hand the scientific aim is to support INTELSA T to predict the likely propagation- mdul:ed rain attenuation levels, and their probabilities of occurrence, on 14/11 GHz links in the high rainfail rate regiOn3 of U!.e western rim of the Pacific Ocean Region '!mth greater accurac,!! than at present by obtaining :'lew downlink beacon measurement data.

2. RAY;'! r~Di~CED ATTE;'!UATION

:2.1 :-'Iodeling [:1instatistics

In order to be able to predict long-term cumulative statistics of rain-induced attenuation levels on a slant earth- satellite oath located in the monsoon tropical climate region of Indonesia.

detailed knowledge about the microstructure rain showers (e.g. drop-shape, drop-si.ze indispensable.

Apolicationof CCIR Reoort 564-3

of heavy tropical distnbution) is

The calculation of long-term cumulative statistics of slant-path rain attenuation of the worst month at a given location can be calculated using the CCIR Rep. 56·!-3 model! . The required input parameters and the corresponding; for Surabava (Indonesia) are listed in table L

Results can be extrapolated to other time percentages which must lie in the interval <0.001 % 1 %>. The result of the calcuiations is presented graphically in iJg'lre 1.

! Point rainfall rate : 0.01 % of an average year

1<17 mm/hr

i Height above mean sea i level of the earth station

15·10-3 km

Elevation angle

i Latitude of the eart!1

table 1 CClR Rep,564-3 input parameters for Surabava

De,'iations of CeIR Rep,564-3 for monsoon (ronical climates

Due to monsoon tropical circumstances report 56'1-3 IS not fully applicable. This has been shown by a few radiometric measurements available for la1:itudes below 20 deg, (as will be the else for the site location in Surabava) which indicated that, as a oreliminarv measure, the values of the rain induced attenuation levels predicted in this latitude range should, on average, be reduced bv one thIrd.! Two theoretical differences causing a deviation for monsoon tropical circumstances will qualitatively be pointed out.

323

1) Equivalent rain-height

A considera.ble deviation for the rain height (0 deg. isotherm of liquid precipitation) will be introduced beca.use the important rainy season (in Indonesia: wet monsoon) is very different from the summer season. As CCIR Rep. 564-3 assumes an equivalent rain height .of approximately 4 km, a rain height of 3 km for a tropical station at Nigeria is assumed. 2 This would mean that attenuation levels are diminished roughly by a factor of 25% , relative to the levels as have been calculated with the help of the CCIR model.

2) Dropsize--distribution

In a tropical rainshower the average dropsize will be bigger than the average dropsize employed in the CCIR model (Marshall-Palmer distribution), so specific attenuation will be larger than the results of the CCIR-model.

Since the deviation introduced by a different rain-height is dominant compared to the deviation caused by a different droJ;lsize--distribution, the reduction recommended by the CCIR (1/3) could be chosen larger for data applicable to a tropical environment.

140

130 f\ 120

110

100

(jj 90

~ 80 c:

70 0 ., 0 60 ::J I " ~ 50

40

30

20

10

0

0.001

2.2

"-"-

!

'" "" " " ~ '" ~

! ~ "-... p.-

I I ~

0.01 0.1

P ...... entQge time (yeor) On:! exceeded C CClR564-J fig. 1

Rain induced attenuation [dB) for percentages time (year) according to CCIR Rep. 564-3

Model refinem'ent for monsoon tropical climate regions

In order to be able to model rain-induced attenuation levels on a slant earth-satellite path, micro- as well as macrostructure of (tropical) rainshowers has to be known. Macrostructure can be related to the spatial dimension of the shower, whereas microstructure has to be related to the statistical characteristics of the raindrops from which it is built up. As is generally known, a heavy rainshower does have a typical cylindrical structure and is strictly limited in spatial dimensions (macrostructure) depending upon it's intensity.! It's microstructure can be modeled by means of the items summarized in table 2.

Qualitative discussion of tropical dropsize distribution

The most widely used and reco=ended raindrop-size distributions are the exponential distributions according to Laws&Parsons and Marshal & Palmer. Both underestimate the number of larger drops when they are applied to a tropical rainshower 4. The L&P distribution can adequately be applied to widespread rainshowers and drizzle and closely resembles the more widely used M&P distribution.

Another distribution, called the Joss "thunderstorm" distribution, reveals a systematic underestimation in derived nominal rainfall intensities, whereas the M&P distribution reveals an overestimation in rainfall rate intensities for rainrates exceeding 100 mm/hr. This makes conventional raindrop-size distributions unsuitable for characterization of severe rainfall conditions in tropical and subtropical regions. This statement is discussed in ref. 5 which states that over a wide frequency range (1-1000GHz), the Laws & Parsons distribution is inadequate for tropical rainfall.

324

Because of a serious lack of concurrent data, dropsize distribution for a tropical rainshower is generally unknown. A "new" raindrop-size distribution suitable for the severe rainfall of the equatorial and tropical climates of Africa (climate region P according to the classification of the CCIR) has been proposed 4. This distribution is determined from measured data at a frequency of 13 GHz at a site in Congo. Ajayi and Olson have recently (1985) proposed a "tropical" log-normal raindrop-si~e distribution based upon the result of numerous data collected In

Nigeria, which is applicable for rainfall rates lying in the interval 0.25 mm/hr .. 150 mm/hr.

At the end of the project, from measured beacon data. -which will be correlated with radiometrically derived data on the same path - measured cumulative rainstatistics will be compared to the recommended ones in order to verify the validity of the existing models (CClR) for prediction ofrain-attenuation statistics in monsoon tropical climate regions.

I Drop shape: Pruppacher/Pitter Oblate spheroidal

I Drop eccentricity: Evans

Terminal velOcity: Gunn/Kinzer

Drop-size distribution: Exponential

Laws & Parsons Marshall & Palmer tCCIR) Moupfouma/Tiffon tropical) Wei bull

Gamma Joss "Thunderstorm"

Log-Normal Ajayi & Olson (tropical)

Power law Best (light drizzle)

...

Canting angle distribution:

Gaussian:mean & variance depen ding upon wind velocity/direction

Drop temperature: (293 K)

Table 2 "Items which describe the microstructure of a rainshower"

3. SYSTEM OUTLINE

i

II

:

During the projects as described in section 1, several measurements will be executed:

Satellite Beacon measurements Radiometric measurements Additional measurements

All measured data will be acquired and stored digitally. Digital data.-processing will lead to the required measurement results as formulated in the project aims.

In figure 2 a schematic overview of the entire measurement system is presented.

The requirements regarding the measurement system are given in table 3.

Beacon receiver: frequency: Antenna diameter: G/T Oper.dynamic range

Radiometer: frequency Antenna diameter: IF bandwidth: Noise figure: Measurement Range:

INTELSAT-V beacons 1.8 < Antenna diameter S 3.6 m. ~ 20-dB/K > 22 dB

11-12 GHz 1.8 2.5 m. 50 - 200 MHz < 6 dB 0-400 K.

Total Measurement error:

Additional Measurements: Raingauge:

type: range:

Thermometer: not specified

Data-acguisition: Sampling: Beacon receiver Radiometer Raingauge Ambient temperature

. Status

4.0 K (2.0 s. integration time)

Tipping Bucket Raingauge 1-150 mm/h

Adaptive sample-rate 12 bit resolution 10 bit resolution 1 bit/tip 8 bit resolution 1 bit/item

table 3 System requirements

STATUS of---..., PARAaOUC ANTENNA 00P0l.AR 0lI't'PIJT

reference plane

r-----..., * co:::~ H ~~~OER i

fig. 3 System Block-1liagram.

The results or the step-by-step calculation have been summarized in table 3 .

Site-l.ocation Surabaya i Altitude 15 m. Latitude 181.25 deg.N Longitude 112.73 deg.E

. Satellite INTELSAT-V longitude 180 deg.E

Satellite EIRP 12.0 dBW Off-axis ~ain loss 3.0 dB EIRP to arthstation 9.0dBW Down-path loss 205.1 dB atmospheric attenuation 0.4 dB Propagation Lo&8 206.1 dB Earth Station Gain 51.0 dB Pointing Loss 0.3 dB effective gain 50.7 dB Received Antenna Power -146.4 dBW Pre-LN A loss 1.2 dB

• Received Power at LNA 147.ti <U:SW ! :system Noise Temperature 28.3 dBK

G/T = Fig.of Merit 22.1 dB/K -114.4 dBW /K ! C/TRATIO

54.2 dBHz '---lVRAOIOMowaoEl"El'l • CI1J RATIO r-------------+-------------~

fig.2 Measurement System Setup

The performance of the measurement system setup will be examined closer in relation with it's requirements.

4. PLL COPOLAR BEACON RECEIVER

4.1 Linkbudget Calculations

Calculations for the downlinkbudget INTELSAT-V (at geo-i'ltationary position 180 deg. E, f=11.452 GHZ RHCP) to the ground-i'ltation Surabaya (at the ITS-eampus) are carried out, assuming the following general data.

Site-l.ocation Altitude Latitude Longitude

Satellite longitude EIRP (saturated,boresight)

Surabaya. 15 [m] 187.25 [deg.N] 112.13 [deg.EJ

INTELSAT-V 180 [deg.E]

12.0 [dBW]

The calculations will be split up into basic link-budget calculations follOwing the system block diagram in logical order (fig. 1), for each of the contributing losses or attenuations.

Bandwidth (Bn=300 Hz) 24.8 dBHz Boltzmann constant . -228.6 [dBW JHzKJ

C/N RATIO 29.4 dB

table 4: Link budget summary

System Noise Temperature increment during heavy rainfall.

When ne,glecting contributions to system noise temperature of the order t Glna)-l, then from Friis' f~rmuIa can be calculated that at the LNA-input reference plane the total system noise temperature is given by:

(1) (2)

Under heavy rainfall conditions it can be assumed that the antenna noise temperature will become equal to ambient temperature To. Under this condition the system noise temperature will equal:

Tsys,heavy rainfall = 864.4 [K] (3)

In table 5, overall system characteristics for the proposed -system are given.

Explicitly excluded in the linkbudget calculations is the quantitative effect of oscillator phase noise induced in the PLL receiver upon degradation of operational dynamic range. Employment of a PLL loop bandwidth smaller than 300 Hz does satisfy the requirement as stated in part 3 concerning only the influence of thermal noise.

325

, ... _------------- --------, I Overall System Characteristics (Bn = 300 Hz): I

I

Available CIN RATIO Necessary CIN for PLL-receiver IN-LOCK

I A vail able Margin

29.4 [dB]

6.0 [dB]

23.4 [dB] I Reduction due to raised system ! noisetemperature during

heavy rainfall 1.1 [dB] i------------------------------------I Available Margin (heavy rainfall) 22,3 [dB]

I Available CIT} RATIO 54,2 (dB Hz]

I Available CIT) RATIO

4,2

during heavy rainfall 53,1 [dB Hz]

table 5: Summary of Linkbudget results

Degradation of operational dynamic range due to beacon phase noise.

Besides thermal noise present at the receiver, system oscillator phase noise will also decrease operational dynamic range, since total phase jitter in the PLL must be less than 0,25 [rad 2] in order that the receiver is locked to the incoming beacon signal6. Phase noise introduced by the INTELSAT-V tracking beacon will be dominant, since only 90 % of total carrier power is concentrated within a bandwidth of 100 [Hz] away from the carrier. Close to the carrier, frequency flicker noise component (N f-3) of the beacon phase noise spectrum is most dominant and will significantly contribute to total phase jitter in the PLL when the loopbandwidth is relatively small.

The contribution of thermal noise ('" Bn) as well as beacon phase noise (N Bn -2) give rise t? opposed cor;straints rega!ding the choice of PLL ]oopbandWldth Bn , whIch IS graphically displayed in figure 4 for the. case of a m~mu:n raiD: attenuation event of 22 [dB] during which the reCeIver WlIl be ~n lock fu~ a value ofBn lying between 100 - 300 [Hz], An optImum Ch~lce can be- deduced but will be dependent upon carner attenuatlOn level. In figure' 5, operational dynamic range [dB] is plotted versus PLL loop bandwidth Bn for the cases that beacon phase noise is absent (linkbudget calculations) and present.

(Figures 4 and 5 have been calculated using a value of CIT) = 52.8 dBHz,)

~ ....

N ( total phase j itt". '0 0.' ~

! 0.35

=. ... • . 0 z: 0.2\1 11.

0.2

0.115 them .. 1 phase j itt"r

0,'

.... beacon phase jitter

,50

Equiv_nl noise ba/'tttlMdth &pn tHll fig. 4

Total phase jitter during 22 [dB] attenuation event versus Bn

326

21

'iii' ~ ..: .. Ii > .! C 20 .9. '0 :> c ! 24

'0

4.3

... _-

fig, 5 Operational dynamiC range versus Bn

Coherent amplitude detection.

During severe carrier attenuation events, phase jitter within the PLL loop bandwidth will be close to the value for loss of lock and the loop is operating in it's nonlinear mode. When coherent amplitude detection only at the In-phase channel is carried out, a Significant (average and rms) measurement error will occur dependent upon the value of the 100pbandwidth6. Employment of a scheme which detects the amplitude of a Quadrature-,phase channel as well, ideally restricts measurement error to that caused by thermal noise power present within the small detection bandwidth.

Optional digital I=Q amplitude detection scheme.

EUT does have at it's disposal a digital I-Q amplitude detection scheme developed by the Dutch PTT, which is based upon the Z-SO jl-processoL Software has been modified and necessary interface handling is considered in order to integrate the scheme into the complete receiving system 7,

5, RADIOMETRY MEASUREMENTS

5.1 Dicke Radiometry as a concurrent measurement tool

In order to study the prediction of rain-induced attenuation levels beacon measurements, radiometer measurements will be executed concurrent with the beacon measurements.

At the faculty of EE, Telecommunications Division of EUT a 11.316 GHz Dicke radiometer has been developed, emplOying a 1.8 m parabolic offset-,a,ntenna. A block diagram is depicted in figure 6. ~ '_',

HF-section

5,2 Sensitivity and accuracy analysis of the Dicke radiometer

For the accuracy of the EUT 11.316 GHz Dick~witched radiometer can be derived 7 :

TOTAL SYSTEMATIC ERROR = ri·(TA-TL) [K] (4)

with ri = internal reflection coefficient TL = reference load equivalent noise temperature [KJ

T A = antenna equivalent noise tempera.ture [KJ

For the sensitivity has been found 7-S :

aT == [(aTG)2 + (aTN,A)2 + (aTN,L)2]!

with BW = MBF = HF bandwidth [Hz)

TLF == LF-filter equivalent integration time [s]

T A = antenna noise temperature [K]

TR = equivalent receiver noise temperature [K]

TL = reference load equivalent noise temperature [KJ

aG .. b'li HF lifi u;::;:::- = gam msta 1 ty -amp er BF

A measurement set-up including data-acquisition system

and external hardware to determine TR and ~ has been HF

prepared. Execution of the measurement program for the EUT 11.316 GHz radiometer is currently in preparation. Neglecting gain instabilities (aG :::: 0) the following estimation may be made:

TR = 1200 K

TA = TL = 290 K BW== 100 MHz TIf = 1 sec.

Resulting in a value of a T ~ 0.3 K.

6. DATA-ACQUISITION AND DATA-PROCESSING

6.1 Hardware aspects

The 'planned data-acquisition system will be capable to store 8 analog input channels with the help of a simple interface card installed at an IBM XT compatible PC, with a resolution of 12 bit.

Because an oversampling/decimation scheme is employed, frequency characteristics of hardware implemented anti aliasing filters are less stringent and unless integration time will be longer than 35 minutes, resolution will be enhanced by one bit. Integrate and dump filter bandwidht has been chosen to ensure minimum distortion in the ampliiude measurement.

6.2 SoftWare aspects

Data-acquisition software is compiled with the help of the powerful package ASYSTtm. Data file format, as well as output sampling rate, is chosen such that an easy conversion could be made to data-processing package, which is presently under development for the propagation experiments at EUT with the OLYMPUS satellite. 9

In order to reduce the amount of data, adaptive sampling has to be implemented matching the following requirements:

Beacon Att. > 1.5 dB T.ky > 80 K -------l Att. Change> 0.2 dB/lOs. Tchange > 10 K/I06.------~

"lr igh

"0 ,;medium

fig. 7 INTELSA T sampierate requirements: logical scheme.

7.CONCLUSIQNS

The entire measurement setup as proposed in this paper meets the requirements. Results extracted from measured data will partially fill the gap in performance predictive modeling for monsoon tropical regions. Radiometrically derived data will be correlated with data gained from direct beacon measurements, in order to derive the effective medium temperature and investigate the validity of existing radiometer-derived statistics.

Beacon phase-noise originating from an INTELSAT-V beacon is an important system constraint, which can degrade operational dynamic range of the beacon-receiver.

An expression for the theoretical accuracy and sensitivity of the proposed Dicke--switched radiometer is given. Practical sensitivity as a function of the system elements is currently under study.

Data.-acquisition and data-analysis software is currently under preparation using the high level software package ASYSTtm. Data-file format has been chosen such that data-analysis could also be performed with the help of the forthcoming OLYMPUS propagation experiment data-processing package, which will facilitate a comparison of results.

REFERENCES

1) ccm green-book series. Report 564-3, 1986.

2) G.O. Ajayi and L.B. Kolawole, "Centimeter and millimeter wav~ atten~ti?n by atmos.r.heric gases and rainfall at a tropIcal statIOn, Int. J. In,ra., vo!.s, no. 7, pp. 919-935, 1984.

3) P.A.M. Bune, M.H.A.J. Berben and J. Dijk, "Rain rate profiles obtained from the dynamic behavior of the attenuation of microwave radio signals", Radio Science, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 13-22, jan.-feb., 1988.

4) F. Moupfouma and J. Tiffon, "Raindrop size distribution from microwave scattering measurements in equatorial and tropical climates", Electronics Letters, vol. 18, no. 23, pp. 1012-lO14, oct. 1982.

15) G.O. Ajayi, I.E. Owolabi and LA. Adimula, "Rain induced depolarization from 1 GHz to 300 GBz in a tropical environment", Int. J. Infra., vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 177-197, 1987.

6) A.P. Dekker, "The effect of thermal noise and phase noise on the accuracy of amplitude and phase measurement", Doc. OPEX-T.

7) R.F.J. Schaffels and W.T.E. Vaessen, "Feasibility study concerning a microwave propagation measurement programme in the monsoon tropical climate region of Indonesia", Eindhoven, The Netherlands: Eindhoven University of Technology faculty of EE., report of diploma project, apr. 1989.

8) F.T. UIaby, R.T. Moore and A.K. Fung, "Microwave Remote Sensing: Active and Passive. " VoLl: Microwave Remote Sensing Fundamentals and Radiometry, Chapter 6. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc. 1981.

9) G. Brussaard, "The OPEX project and standard processing of propagation data.", Proceedings of OLYMPUS utilisation Conference, Vienna, April 1989. (ESA SP-292)

Note: This paper is based on work performed under INTELSAT contract INTEL-770B. The views expressed are not necessarily those of INTELSAT.

KU-BAND SATELLITE-TO-GROUND PROPAGATION MEASUREMENTS IN INDONESIA

* ** * *** J. Dijk , K. Liu ,G. Brussaard , J.E. Allnutt

*) Eindhoven Univ. of Tech. **) Institut Teknologi Surabaya EH 11.03, P.O. Box 513 ***) INTELSAT 5600 MB Eindhoven 3400 International Dr., NW The Netherlands Washington, DC 20008, USA

Abstract This paper is dealing with the measurement results of an one year propagation research project to determine some important parameters for Ku-band communications satellite services m tropical, high-rainfall-rate regions at an elevation of 140.

Introduction The demand for communications satellite services is such that the capacity available in C-band (6/4 GHz) has been exhausted, even with up to six-fold frequency re-use in a number of principal satellite locations. To meet the demand, Ku-band (14/11 GHz) capabilities have been incorporated in a number of satellites but the potential propagation impairments are much more significant than at C-band on many of the links. This is particularly true in tropical, high-rainfall rate areas.

Very little IS known about the propagation environment in the tropics and, with the rapid growth in communications demand in the western Pacific, it became urgent to acquire information on potential Ku-band links in that region, particularly those to tropical zones. The experiment described in this paper was set up to acquire just this information on a relatively low elevation angle link into Surabaya on the northern coast of the main island, Java, of Indonesia. The experiment was a cooperative effort between INTELSA T, the Eindhoven University of Technology, and the Institut Teknologi Surabaya. The principal objectives of the experiment are: • To acquire long-term path attenuation data • To characterise the effective medium

temperature through a direct comparison of radiometric and beacon data

• To establish a relationship between the rainfall rate data and the path attenuation data to permit the existing CCIR model to be tested and, if necessary, modifications to be suggested to improve the accuracy.

7.1.1

The experiment became operational in March 1990 and the results for the first year of measurements are presented.

Measurement set-up The earth station is situated in Indonesia on the island of Jawa in the town Surabaya at the university campus of the II Institut Teknologi Surabaya ll

•

Relevant data is given in Table 1.

1 Table 1: Data of measuring site

. Coordinates site : Satellite position Intelsat V F-8 Frequency Antenna elevation Antenna height Location of rain

. gauge

Antenna diam. Radiom. antenna

7015'S 112044'E 180E

11.198 GHz, RHCP 14°07'15 11

15 m MSL Tipping bucket within 10 m from antennas 3.6 m effective 1.8 m

The equipment set-up was as follows: • An 11 GHz beacon receiver (switchable

between the two INTELSAT beacon frequencies 11.198 and 11.452 GHz)

• An 11 G Hz radiometer directed along the same look-angle as the beacon antenna

• A tipping bucket rain gauge • A data acquisition system • A data processing and analysis set-up.

Fig. 1 gives an overview of the measurement system and Fig. 2 gives the block diagram of the satellite beacon receiver.

--ow

Fig. 1. Measurement system at ITS

Satellite Beaoon Rllelllver

Fig. 2. Satellite beacon receiver

Point rainfall rate measurements The measured rainfall rate cumulative statistic for the one year of measured data is given in Fig. 3 as well as the CCIR 563-4 predicted distribution.

Table 2: Climate zone P

I % time 0.001 ! 0.01 0.1 1.0 -!

, MeaS. 160 ! 110 47 3 CCIR 250 145 65 12

The worst month cumulative rainfall rate distribution is given in Fig. 3. In Indonesia two seasons exist: the dry and the wet season with distinct differences in fading statistics. The measured cumulative rainfall rate statistics for the wet and dry seasons are given in Fig. 4. The measured total rainfall in Surabaya during the period from March 1990 until April 1991 amounts 1716 mm. The average annual rainfall over 1982-1990 amounts 1600 mm. Finally, all twelve single months of data are displayed onto the same graph in Fig. 5, so that one may obtain a feel for the meteorological behaviour of the data and that they can be used for the worst month analysis, especially the formulation of IIQII.

7.1. 2

--T--------.-----·---r····----·--r--------r--------·---......... :

: --r;--- --,----~- ----------:-------, -------·----------[--------~--------·-----------I ______ !_~~\ i~JAOHIIL-I--------f ------+--------,-------+-------<-----------<

+-, {t,IILl: --f-- - - - -----1 --------··i --.- -- --~----- ---{-. -.-.- -----:

: - ; -------------------l--------,-----------J

r';····;··········il!t~·.\...! 1 . . 1 •

Procassed: 99.1275 % of 10taI time ./.

% oftim& f

Fig. 3. Measured point rainfall rate cumulative distribution in Surabaya March 1990-Febr. 1991. ccm 563-4 Predicted distribution Worst month distribution.

-!I)~-------:-------T-------:--------i----------

.. ·· .. i .. · •••••• :.....:.1 It 1 I) ••••• ) 1

----- ---:--------(------r----------i

1 . . 1 Procassed: 99.1275 % of 10taI time % of tim.

Fig. 4. Dry and wet monsoon measured distributions for rain rate. Year distribution for comparison.

% of time

Fig. 5. Twelve single months distributions for the rain rate in Surabaya.

Long-term path excess attenuation data Cumulative excess attenuation The cumulative attenuation statistic is compiled for the period of March 1990 - Febr. 1991 between 5% and 0.02% of the analyzed period and is presented in Fig. 6. The level of reliability i.e. the highest attenuation value that can reliably be measured is indicated to be 25 dB excess attenuation with respect to clear sky level. Also given is the predicted excess attenuation according CCIR Report 564-4 using climate P rain statistics (p = 0.01 %, R = 145 mm/h) and the predicted excess attenuation using the measured rainfall (p = 0.01%, R = 110 mm/h). There appears to be a serious underestimation by the 1990 version of Rep. 564. As a comparison also the predicted excess attenuation according CCIR Report 564-3 is displayed. Here, the match is much better. Further it is shown that the predicted (CCIR 564-4) excess attenuation cumulative distribution curves are the same for RO.Ol = 145 mm/h and R = 110 mm/h and in fact they are nearly the same for rain intensities between 90 and 150 mm/hour [3]. This is due to the compensation effects of the path integration factor [4]. The worst month statistic is given in Fig. 7. Statistics for the dry and wet monsoon are also presented in Fig. 7.

Event duration Event duration data is compiled for thresholds of 2, 5, 10, 15, 20 dB. The data is divided up into seven "event" durations and analysed at the mentioned levels, following Table 3. Fig. 8 gives the event duration year statistics.

Table 3: Event duration

10 30 1 3 10 30 sec sec min min min min ,

~ 1 t -f ~ I

ess 10! 10-30! 30-111-3 l j j

3-1O! 10-30 I more 30

1 2 I 3 I 4 5 6 7 I ! •

I I I

category 1-7 i

Diurnal excess attenuation statistics The diurnal characteristics are defined as the percentage of time that the attenuation exceeds each number dB up to the level of confidence within each clock hour period. This is presented on a statistical total year basis. See Fig. 9.

7.1. 3

...... ~.". . ..... !

"""~""';""'<~<::-'--'.-".-" "~I ""'''7·~""·''···~"""---·-~ ..... ,_._ .. _

- ..;.. . ······i········· .. i--·

.&11 .062 .005 .d1 .iii .ris ., i li Processed: 99.0557 % of toIaI time

Fig. 6. Excess attenuation statistic March 1990 -Febr. 1991. Predicted attenuation according ccrn 564-3 and 564-4.

24

21

18

15

12

9

II

3

o .00 1 .Q02

""""'''}'''\-"\ ''', ahIIltu i\ \ \ J

''',,'' rY'" '''\ ""'"''''

,\ \ \ \ \ '\

,......

MY\ \\ :\ \

.~\ \ \

\ '\"\ :\ \ ,~~\ i\ '"

j '" "'~ ~l--L~ .QOIi .01 .02 .06 .1 .s 1 2 ,

Fig. 7. Dry and wet mODBOOn attenuation statistic. Worst month attenuation.

cat~go,.y

Fig. 8. Event duration statistics for seven categories (Table 3).

There is a +7 hours difference between GMT and WIB (Waktu Indonesia Barat), Surabaya local time: so during IIbuisiness hoursll a greater probability for excess attenuation will be expected.

eo

eo

20 16

U!

24

AU ( dB )

0.00 "'.00 6.00 '8.00 16.00 80.00 It"'.oo Hour ( GMT)

Fig. 9. Attenuation characteristics on hourly basis for the period March 1990 - Febr. 1991.

Antenna noise measurements Cumulative sky-noise distributions The radiometrically derived sky-noise temperatures are given in figure 10 as cumulative distribution. They have been corrected for the various errors induced by the antenna beam factor, ground noise, noise due to local rain showers.

Effective medium temperature distributions derived via correlation data analysis. According to the simple formula

T iT T _ sky _ sky

med - 1-g - r-1

with T d: effective medium temperature me T k: sky noise temperature

s y g<1: total transmission gain i=l/g total attenuation the effective medium temperature is calculated.

(1)

In figure 11 the statistics of the median, mean, 10% and 90% extreme values of the effective medium temperature are produced for each 1 dB increment of beacon attenuation from 1 dB to 12 dB using formula (1) above for the period April 1991 - Sept. 1991.

7.1.4

---.......,

i ~

"" , ....... -, ........... ! \

1'" ---\---1

1- \ 1 ----- \ --" ... "-----,, ...

i , ........ "-i "-

"'---,,----._----

~i .Al ~ .OIIi2

_ JIll ~

JE .5 S

Fig. 10. Sky noise distribution for the period April 1991 - Sept. 1991.

...

... -..... --I&.

;. ... i ... ---- ,---.. --._-

~ ~ i

.. sO~ ~ !

.. ~~ ~ :..--:-

1.11 / / ----.---

.. /'1'o~ .------

/ ! ! ! .II Ii ,. i 10 11 12

Fig. 11. Statistics of the medium temperature in the period April 1991 - Sept. 1991.

Conclusions and recommendations Data were presented for a one year measuring period in Surabaya, Indonesia, which measured the attenuation and sky noise on a satellite path towards the INTELSAT V satellite positioned at 1800E. The elevation angle was about 140. The point rainfall rate at the measuring site was measured as well. The predicted rainfall statistic deviated not too much from the measured one. The deduced path attenuation did not agree well with the CCIR model according to Report 564-4 which underpredicts in this case. For the median medium temperature a value of 285 K is deduced. The final temperature value for this region and the measuring error, taking into account the antenna pattern characteristics, are subject of further study.

References 1 Reports of the CCIR 1990 annex to volume V,

Propagation in non-ionized media: Reports 719-3; 721-3; 723-3; 564-4.

2 Schaffels, R.F.J., W.T.E. Vaessen, G. Brussaard, J. Dijk and L.J.M. Wijdemans: "System design study for propagation measurements at Ku-band frequencies on an earth-satellite downlink in the maritime tropical climate region of Indonesiafl , ITU-COM 89, no. 5.

3 Hughes, K.A.: "CCIR data for slant-path propagation in tropical regions: a critical review II , International Journal of Satellite Communications, Volume 8, No.3, May-June 1990.

4 Assis, M.S.: IIPath length reduction factor for tropical regions I! , Proc. of URSI Commission F Open Symposium in Regional Factors in Predicting Radiowave Attenuation due to Rain, Dec. 1990, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, pp. 69-71.

Acknowledgement The authors are very grateful for the outstanding opportunity rendered by INTELSAT, the Institut Teknologi Surabaya and the Eindhoven University of Technology to perform the described experiment in the framework for INTEL 770B contract. Any views expressed in this paper are not necessarily those of any of the organisations. Finally, the authors of this paper would like to acknowledge C. Grolleman, L. Wijdemans, C. Sriwedari, Aries Purnomo, M. Albers, B. Stal, J. Derksen, K. Holleboom, A. Mulyanto, Hendry and Th. Pellegrino whose technical and administrative support made it possible to carry out and report on this programme.

7.1. 5

IEICE TRANS. COMMUN .• VOL. E76-B. NO. 12 DECEMBER 1993

[LerrER Special Issue on 1992 International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation I Tropospheric' Propagation Characteristics at Ku-Band for Satellite to Ground and Los Paths in Surabaya, Indonesia

) G)BRUSSAAJ~Dt( JiDIJKt, K. LIUt and( J. :PERKSENt, Nonmembers

SUMMARY Some results are presented of a one-year measurement period on an INTELSA T down link at Ku band with elevation of 14" for concurrent measurements of beacon anenuation, sky noise and point rainfall rate. Also some results are presented of line-of-sight (LOS) link fading characteristics at the same place. The projection of the down link trajectory on earth has nearly the same direction as the LOS path trajectory. The measurement results are compared with the theoretical values according to the CCIR recommended procedures of rain attenuation predictions for tropical regions, especially Surabaya, Indonesia. A record rain attenuation value of 80 dB was observed. key words: radio communication. satellite communication, LOS. measurements. propagation

1. Introduction

The demand for communications services in Indonesia is such that the capacity available in C band (6/4 GHz) for line-of-sight (LOS) and satellite services becomes exhausted. To .. meet the demand, Ku-band ( 14/11 GHz) capabilities are necessary for LOS as well as for the satellite services but the potential propagation impairments are much more significant than at C-band on many of the links. In tropical high-rainfallrate areas such as Indonesia this is particularly true for attenuation due to rain on satellite and LOS paths. Furthermore. for LOS paths deep fading due to

._----------70 S

SURABAYA I I Sela. t Ma.dura.

Fig. 1 Projected link trajectories.

Manuscript received May 10. 1993. Manuscript revised August 10. 1993.

t The authors are with Eindhoven University of Technology. EH 1\.03. P.O. Box 513. 5600 MB Eindhoven. The Netherlands.

multipath caused by water reflections will deterioriate communications in a serious way.

The measurements described in this paper were set up to acquire just this information necessary for link design. The experiment consists of a measurement set-up for satellite. downlink measurements and LOS measurements on an over-water path. The projected link trajectories are given in Fig. 1. The experiment was a cooperative effort between INTELSAT, the Eindhoven University of Technology and the Institut Teknologi Surabaya, co-sponsored by NUFFIC (Netherlands Universities Foundation for Interna-tional Cooperation) [3]. .

2. Description of the Measurement Set-Up

2. 1 Satellite Down Link Propagation Measurements at Ku Band

The principal objectives of the experiment are: To acquire long-term path attenuation data and rain rate data To characterise the effective medium temperature to be used in radiometry through a direct comparison of radiometric and beacon data To establish a relationship between the rainfall rate data and the path attenuation data to permit the existing CCIR models [1]. [2] to be tested and. if necessary. modifications to be suggested to improve the accuracy. The results from March 1990-February 1991 are

presented.

Table 1 Dut:l of me:lsuring site.

Coordinates site

Sa.tellite Sa.tellite position

Sa.tellite frequency Antenna. eleva.tion

Antenna height Type a.nd location of rain gauge

Antenna diam. Radiom. antenna.

7'15's. 1l2'~4'E Intelsa.t V F-8 180·£

11.198 CHz, RHC? 14"Oi'IS"

15 m ~[SL Tipping bucket

within 10 m from antennas

3.6 m effective

Um

2

Measurement system at ITS

~1.8m

! 0 I Converswn ~ --W Chart reeorder Data acquisition computer Data storage

Fig. 1 Overview of the measurement system for the satellite down path ..

The earth station is situated in Indonesia on the island of Java in the city of Surabaya at the university campus of the "Institllt Teknologi Sllrabaya".

Relevant data are given in Table 1. Figure 2 gives an overview of the measurement

system. The equipment set-up was as follows: • An 11 GHz beacon receiver (switchable between

the two INTELSAT beacon frequencies lU9S and 11.452 GHz)

• An 11 GHz radiometer directed along the same look-angles as the beacon antenna

• A tipping-bucket rain gauge • A data acquisition system • A data processing and analysis sy~tem.

2. 2 LOS Propagation Measurement Set-Up at KuBand

The principal objectives of the experiment are • To separate multipath fading from rain attenuation

To acquire long-term path rain attenuation data, and rain rate data

• To acquire long-term multi path fading data • To determine optimum diversity operation on this

over-water LOS link. The LOS link is set up from the mountain

Gunung Sandangan on the island of Madura to the university campus of ITS in Surabaya on the island of Java, with a path length of 46 km and passing over the Straits of Madura. The path profile is given in Fig. 3. In Surabaya the median k-factor has been determined as 1.S4, on the basis of balloon measurements, [3], [4}. [7]. It is a function of time, which causes k-factor fading which may be modelled adequately by a tworay propagation model. A block diagram of the measuring system is given in Fig. 4. In Table 2, relevant data are presented for the LOS measurements. Antenna spacing [3]: Good diversity improvement is obtained when the vertical antenna spacing is equal to the distance

IEICE TRANS. COMMUN., VOL. E76-8. NO, 12 DECEMBER 1993

lOO Meqllt em)

250

200

150

100

50

0 0 10 15 20 ~ JO 35 45

DiStance (KIT\)

Fig.3 Path profile of the LOS link from Madura to Surabaya over 46 km distance.

RECEIVER AT THE ITS COMPLEX

: ~"''''''''' all I'U. G..t:000t'111"Idoot" I'JU V .lttc. t .;,0 ...

i~ '~:[> lU25 GHz I

Ill... La I I

0".#< ~ t

\.NA I

l~~; ----~ , Fig. 4 Block diagram of the LOS measuring system in rs;; 'f1 abaya.

Table 2 Data of LOS measuring system.

Frequency Antennas Diversity ant. Antenna height Dynamic range Receivers AID conversion Data storage Polarisation Diversity

11.335 CHz 1.2 m offset paraboloids hom aperture 19.5xI4.5 em 30 m. 280 m, MSt 80 dB. 0.02 dB resolution 3xPLL, IF at 10 MHz 12 bit samples every 10 sec., diskette ~'ertical

software switched

between a maximum and a minimum in the height gain pattern. It is also possible to calculate the theoretical correlation coefficient of the two signals originating from the different antennas. Diversity systems give the highest improvement when the lowest possible correlation coefficient is obtained. The correlation coefficient [S] may vary from -\ to l. [t can be calculated from the measurements and determined also theoretically from the two ray model used. In those theoretical calculations, a uniform k-factor distribution function is chosen. With that function, received signals (in decibel) and the resulting correlation coefficients are calculated for different antenna spacings. The first antenna is placed at 30 meters above MSL, the second antenna is moved. Figure 5 shows the simulation

'~'ation coefficient

25.5 26 25.5 27 27.5 28 28.5 29 29.5 lO height second antenna (m)

7elation coefficient as a function of the antenna 'e second antenna.

;ation (08)

.\ncenna at 30 1ft

.).ntentla 11 29." m

:.7 0.9 1.1 1.l 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.l 2.5 Ic- factor

~ k-factor gain pattern for two antennas -wlch-a spac:1. Water level at MSL.

~ a uniform k-factor distribution, with the !l equal to MSL. The median k-factor, as we, was 1.54. The uniform distribution is und that median value, from 0.54 to 2.54.

5 graph it can be seen that the correlation : changes several times from positive to nega-

increasing antenna spacing. The antenna vith the most negative correlation is 1.6 This is not too different from the distance , maximum and minimum in the height gain The two k-factor gain patterns are shown in :-he theoretical correlation with 1.6 meters ; -0.58. In a separate simulation including ~l change (typical tidel change is 3 m) this -0.55. A positive correlation peak is found at ; of 2.8 meters with 2.8 meters water level The theoretical correlation in that point is 1Q:. ,arne value is found in a separate simulation :r level change.

I 3G . . ~ I

Z7f

zl .... I

21:· .... ·

lJ .. I 1,

12-· .. I .. J

I

~ I

. 1 .002 .005.01 .02 .OS .1 .2 .s 1. Z mat 1990· fob 1991 Rain _an It SInbaya: 14deg __ ,.. of lime

3

5

Fig.7 Excess attenuation statiStic March 1990-February 1991. Predicted attenuation according CCIR 564-3 and 564-4.

_. \

3. Measuring Results

3. 1 Ku-Band Satellite Down Link Measurements

Long-term excess attenuation data: The cumulative attenuation statistic is compiled for the period of March 1990-February 1991 between 5% and 0.02% of the analysed period and is presented in Fig. 7 . The level of reliability i.e. the highest attenuation . value that can reliably be measured, is indicated to be . 25 dB excess attenuation with respect to clear sky-level. .

Also given is the predicted excess attenuation according to CCIR Report 564-4 (1990) [1] using climate P rain statistics (p=O.OI%, R= 145 mm/h) and the predicted excess attenuation using the measured rainfall (p=O.Ol%, R= 110 mm/h) , see also Fig. 11. There appears to be a serious underestimation by the 1990 version of Rep. 564. As a comparison also the predicted excess attenuation according CCIR Report (1986) 564-3 [2] is displayed. Here, the match is much better. Furthermore it is shown that the predicted (CCIR 564-4) excess attenuation cumulative distribution curves are the same for Ro•ot = 145 mm/h and R= 110 mm/h and in fact they are nearly the same for rain intensities between 90 and ISO mm/hour [4]. This is due to the compensating effect of the decreasing path integration factor [5], [8] relative to the increasing rain intensity.

Further statistics on event duration and diurnal variation of fading are discussed in [5].

3.2 LOS Ku-Band Measurements [4]. [6]

During the dry monsoon it was possible to characterize the multi path effects in the absence of rain. Measurements were performed with several antenna spacings. According to Fig. 5 the signals are expected to have t~ most negative correlation with an antenna spacing of~ q 6 m and positive correlation with a spacing of 2.8 m.

4

.IQr--------------------------------,

Q

zo

Antenna spacing 1.6 m

3Q~------~------~------~------~ 30 20 10 ·10

ATT. Flxeo !'lee. (dS)

Fig.8 Scatter-plot of measurement results of 20-9-'91(C6 m antenna spacing) and simulated results. /'

. 1Qr---------------------------______ ~

0

6' :::. (j w c: w 10 -' ::> < § ,..: .... <

IAnll.",n" spacing 2.8 m

30~1 --____ ~~ ______ ~ ______ ~ ______ __

30 20 10 0 ·10 ATT, FIXED REC. (dB)

Fig.9 Scatter-plot of measurement results of 26-9-'91 (2.8 m antenna spacing) and simulated results.

Examples of measurement results are given in Fig. 8 and Fig. 9. The scatter plot of (logarithmic) output signals of both receivers (main and diversity) compare favourably with simulated results (drawn lines).

During wet monsoon conditions a "mixed" propagation condition exists where multipath fading and rain attenuation may occur simultaneously. In general the switching diversity operation is active on the multi path fading and now it is possible to separate multi path fading from rain attenuation. One example is given in Fig. to.

IEICE TRANS. COMMUN .• VOL. E76-B. NO. 12 DECEMBER 1993

ATTENUATION (dB) Movable receiver, Fixed receiver, Switched diversity 40,----------------------------------------, :10 .......................... ~~ •.••.••• , ... .

20

""'r----------------------------------------,

-~ca~-=2--~--~S--~.~~'~0--~,2~~.~.--~,e~~,~.~2~C~~2~2--=2 • T ....... <:;'I,..oc.' 'l"lm.j

Fig.l0 Measurement results of 5 December 199L a) movable receiver; b) fixed receiver; c) "software-switched" diversity sig

nal.

I , i200r mm{hour

I17J .

.'301 .002 .005 .01 .02 .05 .1 .2 mar 1990· lob 1991 ....... rain not. statistiCs .. ~

.S 1 :/ % 01 time

Fig. 11 Measured annual and worst month point rainfall rate cumulative distributions in Surabaya March 1990-February 199[. compared with CCIR 563--4 Climate P distribution.

Fig. 12 Switched diversity results of 23 Jan. 1992. An event with rain attenuation of almost 80 dB is recorded.

l.ETTER

3. 3 Point Rainfall Rate Measurements and Rain Attenuation

. The measured rainfall rate cumulative statistic for the one year of measured data is given in Fig. 11. More information can be found in [5]. An example of extreme LOS rain attenuation (80 dB) is illustrated in Fig. 12. This may be the highest rain attenuation value ever recorded reliably in the world.

4. Conclusions

The measured rainfall statlstlc deviated not too much from the predicted one in Surabaya.

• The cumulative distribution of measured satellite downpath attenuation in Ku·band did not agree well with the 1990 CCIR prediction model which underestimates the attenuation (Note that the eleva~ tion is 14°).

• The median effective medium temperature is found to be 285 K.

• A switched diversity measuring system can be used as a means to separate the effects of multi path and rain fading especially for research purposes on LOS paths.

• Correlation analysis can be used for the calculation of optimum antenna spacing in a diversity arrange~ ment for LOS operation.

• It is recommended to undertake more studies in tropical regions to determine the path length reduction factor r for both LOS and satellite paths.

Acknowledgement

The authors are very grateful for the opportunity

s

offered by INTEL SAT, the Institut Teknologi (Sur· abaya. the Eindhoven University of Technology and NUFFIC to perform the experiments described. Any views presented in this paper are not necessarily those of any of the organisations. Finally the authors like to acknowledge all the staff members and students of ITS and EUT involved in this project for their very valu~ able help and assistance.

References

(1) Reports of me CCIR [1990J Annex to volume V, Propagation in non-ionized media.

[2] Recommendations and Reports of the CCIR [1986}. Volume V. Propagation in Non~ionized Media.

[3] Dijk. 1., Bruza, I. V. and Wijdemans. L. J. M., Microwave propagation studies. measurements and education inlSUrabaya. (lnaonesiii) Eindhoven University of Technology. 1983. '(T'"tl't.,)

[4] Derksen, 1. O. W .• Study of the line of sight link from Ounung Sandangan to Surabaya. Indonesia. Theory and measurements at 11..335 OHz. Report ofOraduation work. Dept. of Electr. Eng .• EUT, 1992.

[5] Dijk. 1.. Liu. K .• Brussaard. G. and Allnutt. J. E., "Kuband Satellite-to-Ground Propagation Measurements in Indonesia," Proc. of URSI Commission F Open Symposium on Wave Propagation and Remote Sensing •. ' (Ravenscar, U.K), Jun. 1992.

[6] Derksen. 1.. Dijk. J., Liu, K. and Brussaard. G .• "Ku-band Propagation Measurements on a LOS Link over sea in Indonesia." Proc. of URSI. Commussion F oc. of URSI Commission F Open Symposium on Wave Propagation and Remote Sensing, Jun. 1992 (Ravenscar, U,K.).

[7] Bruza. 1. V .. Dijk, J.. et ai, "Bootstrap resampling plan used for tropospheric refractivity index calculations." Proc. ;'t4ELECON'85. vol. 3, pp. 237-240 (Madrid), 1985.

[8] Assis. M. S., "Path length reduction factor for tropical regions," hoc. of URSI Commission F Open Symposium in Regional Factors in Predicting Radiowa"e Attenuation due 10 Rain, pp.69-71, (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). Dec. 1990.

Results of 11.2 GHz propagation experiments in Indonesia

P.J.I. Maagt, S.LE. Touw, J. Dijk, G. Brussaard and J .E. Allnutt

Indexing terms: Rain, Radiowave propagation

Data are presented for a three year Ku-band propagation experiment in Surabaya. Indonesia. This measurement campaign was executed by the Eindhoven University of Technology and the Institute of Technology Sepuluh Nopember. Because the measurements were carried out with a beacon receiver and a radiometer simultaneously it was possible to derive the medium temperature. In addition, the measured results are compared with predictions using the 1991 Rec. 618 procedure of the RS (formerly the CCIR).

Introduction: C-Band has been widely employed for satellite and terrestrial microwave communications in tropical countries, such as Indonesia. However, the growth in communications may require the introduction of higher frequency bands such as the K.band (lI!14GHz). The introduction of the K.-band for countries with tropical rainfall climates is not as straightforward as for countries with temperate climates. One propagation characteristic of this band is the high attenuation during rainfall that can be expected. As already observed [I] the present RS (fonnerIy the CCIR) path attenuation prediction procedure for rain is not as accurate in tropical climates as it has been found to be in temperate regions. Therefore, there is a need for accurate infonnation on

the propagation characteristics in the Ku-band in countries with tropical climates. The Eindhoven University of Technology (EUT) and the Institute of Technology Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), Surabaya have executed a measurement campaign for the period 1990-1993. which was partly financed by the Netherlands Universities Foundation for International Cooperation (Nuffic) and INTELSAT. The results presented below will be made available to the RS to assist in improving the existing path attenuation prediction procedures as they apply to tropical countries.

Measurement system and site details: The measurement system consisted of a tipping bucket rainmeter, beacon receiver, radiometer, data acquisition system, and chart recorder. The rainmeter was calibrated to measure tropical rainfall with intensities up to 500mmi h. The beacon receiver measured the attenuation of the 11.198 GHz beacon signal transmitted by an Intelsat V satellite located in the Pacific Ocean region. It used a 4.5m prime focus parabolic antenna. The Dicke-switched radiometer used a 1.8m parabolic offset antenna and measured the sky-noise temperature along the satellite path. The data acquisition system stored the data at a rate of I sample/s during events and 0.1 sampleJs in all other cases. A chart recorder was used for quick-view and back-up purposes. The complete measurement system was backed-up by two uninterruptible power supplies and solar panels.

The Surabaya site co-ordinates were 73°S and 112.8°E. In the first measurement year (March 1990 - February 1991) the measurement system received the beacon from the Intelsat 508 which was located at 1800 E longitude and which resulted in an elevation angle of 14.1°. In the second and third measurement year which started in April 1991, the antennas have been pointed to the Intelsat 510 at 174°E longitude. This resulted in an elevation of 20·. The azimuth was 86° in both cases. The antenna height was 15m above sea level.

To our knowledge this is the first experiment in the world, where long-tenn K.-band propagation measurements under tropical rainfall conditions were carried out with a beacon receiver and a radiometer simultaneously. From the measurement results, information on the medium temperature T", can be derived by using the relation

(1)

where A, is the excess attenuation along the path, Tcs the clear sky noise temperature, and Tsky the sky noise temperature.

Operation of experiment: During the three-year measurement period a high availability of the data-acquisition facility was

. achieved. During the months June 1992 and July 1992 a reduced series of experiments were carried out. As a result the secondary statistics such as diurnal variation. event duration and derived attenuation were not available for these months. The availability of the measurement system is summarised in Table 1.

Table 1: Availability of measurement system

Period Elapsed time Beacon I Radiometer Rainmeter I

! I day !l/;,

I % % I

Year I 265 99.05 98.81 99.13

Year 2 366 96.93 I 96.94 97.40

Year 3 365 98.63 I

I 98.50 99.81

From July 1992, INTELSAT ceased to correct the N-S drift of the INTELSAT 510 in order to conserve fuel for E-W drift and orbit-raising manoeuvres. As a consequence, the diurnal variation in the amplitude of the received beacon signal increased significantly by the end of the third year of measurements.

Experimental results: The cumulative distributions of measured total attenuation and of derived attenuation using eqn. 1 are shown in Fig. 1 for a period covering the second and third measurement year. The first year is not included in this Figure because a different satellite. and hence elevation angle, was used that year.

1988 ELECTRONICS LETTERS 28th October 1993 Vol. 29 No. 22

12 11 10: 9 8

~ 7 6 5 4 3· 2· 1 ; O,.----~~

-(I)

o 0010{)()200050{)10'02 0·05 0'1 02 0·2 1 percentage of time

2 5

Fig. 1 Measured and derived total attenuation/or period 1 April 1991 31 March 1993

(i) measured (ii) Tm = 300K (iii) Tm = 290K (iv) Tm = 280K (v) T., = 270K (vi) Tm = 260K

Furthermore, the radiometer antenna was optimised after the frrst measurement year. It is clear from this Figure that the curve of T., = 290 K nearly coincides with the measured results. Fig. 2 shows T". against attenuation for the same period. This graph substantiates that a Tm of 290K gives satisfactory results for the tropical region of Indonesia at the elevation angles used.

4001 380!

;:~~ 90". 320' ~

:':.300 50 'I. -------~280~ ~~~n================~=-==-

260: 240' 220 200

10 'I.

o 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 attenuation. dB ~

Fig. 2 Tnt against attenuation/or period 1 April 1991 - 31 March 1993

The cumulative rain and excess attenuation statistics are compiled in Table 2. If the cumulative attenuation statistics are compared with the predicted excess attenuation according to CCIR Report 564-4 (1990) [2] using climate P rain statistics, there appears to be a serious under-estimation. CCIR Report 564-3 (1986) [21 appears to give a much better match. Comparison of the rainfall statistics did not show much deviation [3].

Table 2: Excess attenuation (A [dB]) exceeded for a percentage of the year and rain rate (R [mm/h]) exceeded for a percentage of the year for the three years of the measurement campaign

% year 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.005 0.01 0.02 0.Q3 0.05

R year 1 - I- I- /- 104.7 88.6 75.4 59.8 R year 2 lS0.8 169.1 156.8 143.7 125.1 103.0 92.2 76.3 R year 3 181.2 167.6 150.5 140.0 123.S 106.4 96.1 77.8 A year 1 1- - 1- - - - - -A year 2 - - 1- /- I- I- - 21.7

,A year 3 - - - - - 1- 20.9 19.6

i % year 0.1 0.2 OJ 0.5 I 2 3 5 R year I 42.3 23.5 14.5 6.7 4.1 2.1 0.0 0.0 R year 2 54.5 32.5 19.9 9.4 3.1 0.8 OJ 0.0 R year 3 55.5 30.0 17.9 7.9 1.8 0.2 0.0 0.0 A year 1 20.5 13.2 9.9 6.4 2.8 1.0 0.7 0.2 A year 2 16.1 10.6 8.4 5.5 2.4 0.9 0.5 0.2 A year 3 14.5 10.2 7.7 4.6 1.7 0.5 0.0 0.0

Conclusions: Data were presented for a three year measuring period in Surabaya, Indonesia. For the medium temperature a value of 290K is deduced. The path attenuation predicted by Rec. 618 seriously underestimated the measured path attenuation. A

better match was obtained with the previous path attenuation prediction procedure of the RS contained in Report 564-3 and by using the measured rainfall rate statistics. The predicted rainfall rate statistics by the RS rain climate zones were not much different from those measured.

Acknowledgments. The authors would like to acknowledge the excellent support provided by the staff of ITS, Surabaya. Any views expressed are not necessarily those of EUT, ITS, or INTELSAT.

© lEE 1993 26 August 1993 Electronics letters Online No: 19931246

P. J. I. de Maagt, S. I. E. Touw, J. Dijk, and G. Brussaard (Eindhoven University 0/ Technology. Telecommunications Division, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands)

J. E. Allnutt (lNTELSAT, 3400 International Drive, NW, Washington, DC 20008·3098, USA)

References

HUGHES. K.A.: 'Data for slant-path propagation in tropical regions: A critical review', Int. J. Satellite Comm., 1990,8, pp. 127-139

2 Reports of the CCIR 1986/1990, Annex to Vol. V, Propagation in non-ionized media'. Reports 564-3; 564-4

3 DIJK. J., LlU. K., BRUSSAARD. G., and ALLNUT. J.E.: 'K.-band satelliteto-ground propagation meaurements in Indonesia'. URSI Commission F Open Symp., 8--12 June 1992, Ravenscar, North Yorkshire, UK, pp. 7.1.1-7.5

1990 ELECTRONICS LETTERS 28th October 1993 Vol. 29 No. 22

-1-

DIURNAL VARIATIONS OF 11.2 GHz ATTENUATION ON A SATELLITE PATH IN INDONESIA

by

P.J.I de Maagt, S.I.E. Touw, J. Dijk, G. Brussaard, L.J.M. Wijdemans, J.E. Allnutt

Abstract Three sets of data, each representing the annual statistics of diurnal variation of rain attenuation, are presented for a three year Ku-band satellite beacon propagation experiment in Surabaya, Indonesia. The experiment was carried out by the Eindhoven University of Technology and the Institute of Technology Sepuluh Nopember in a cooperative program with INTELSAT. The results show that a substantially higher percentage of excess attenuation falls in the afternoon (17:00 - 23.00 local time) than would be given by the average distribution. These data have implications for satellite business services, broadcasting, and telephony services, where it is of interest to know whether there is a significantly enhanced, or reduced, risk of link degradations in any given clock hour.

Keywords: radiowave propagation, attenuation, diurnal variation, satellite propagation.

P.J.I. de Maagt, S.I.E. Touw, J. Dijk, G. Brussaard, L.J.M. Wijdemans: Eindhoven University of Technology, Telecommunications Division, P.O.Box 513, 5600 IVIB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.

J.E. Allnutt: INTELSAT, 3400 International Drive, NW, Washington, DC 20008-3098, USA.

-2-

Introduction Annual and worst-month statistics of impairments are currently used in developing the link budgets for satellite applications. A number of services, however, have a fluctuating demand during the day, and increasingly important to system designers are the diurnal characteristics of the path.

The probable introduction of 14/11 GHz (Ku-band) services in tropical regions to supplement the existing 6/4 GHz (C-band) transmissions has led to the need for propagation measurements in those regions, particularly since the data already acquired in temperate regions did not seem to provide accurate models for tropical areas. Eindhoven University of Technology (EUT) and the Institute of Technology Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), in a cooperate program with INTELSAT, have recently completed a three-year measurement campaign in Surabaya, Indonesia, to acquire 11.2 GHz propagation data [1]. Data on diurnal variation have been extracted for each of the three years and are presented below.

Measurement System and Site Details Details of the measurement system and site have been provided in reference 1. The site is 15 m above sea level and is situated in RS (formerly CCIR) rain climate P, which is one of the most severe rain climates in the world. This difficult propagation environment is compounded by the relatively low elevation al1gle, 14.1° for the first year and 20° for the next two years, and leads to path attenuations in excess of 20 dB at time percentages on the order of 0.02% of a year [1],

Operation of the experiment The joint uptime of the equipment (beacon receiver, raingauge, and radiometer) was in excess of 98% in each of the three years of the measurements. In one period, though, (June and July 1992) unrelated difficulties led to the loss of secondary data (event duration, sky-noise temperature, and clock-hour resolution for diurnal statistics) but these data are available for the other 34 months.

Diurnal Characteristics The diurnal variation of the excess attenuation for the first, second, and third year of measurements are shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3, respectively, as a twodimensional probability density function. These figures were obtained by dividing the probability density function of the attenuation in steps of 1 dB ranging from zero to 24 dB, the limit of accuracy for the beacon measurements. The diurnal distribution is the division of the probability of excess attenuation in each category with respect to the hours of the day in GMT (local time is GMT + 7 hours).

Discussion The meteorological characteristics of Surabaya indicate a high incidence of thunderstorm activity and it is normally expected that such rain will fall in the later part of the day [2]. The three figures support this expectation, showing a

-3-

clear trend of enhanced attenuation in the late afternoon and evening (noting that the hours axis is GMT). Data not given here also show that the diurnal characteristics for the path remain essentially the same if the statistics for each year are split up into the six-month periods that correspond to the wet and the dry season. This would further confirm that the local convectivity is the major driver of the diurnal trend rather than larger weather patterns (e.g. monsoon and typhoon activity) which have an annual impact on the statistics. Low attenuation values show less diurnal variation in the figures, as would be expected, since much of this level of attenuation is due to stratiform rain.

From the diurnal characteristics shown, it would appear that Ku-band services in the morning and early afternoon hours (6:00 a.m. - 1 :00 p.m. local time) would suffer appreciably less impairments than those in the late afternoon and evening (3:00 p.m. - 10.00 p.m. local time). Video conferencing for business applications could therefore be offered in the morning with much less risk of outages occurring than would be suggested from the annual path attenuation statistics. On the other hand, video broadcasting to the general population, with evening peak viewing hours, would require a larger margin than the annual statistics would imply.

Conclusions Annual statistics representing the diurnal variation of Ku-band rain attenuation on a satellite path to Indonesia over a three-year period were given. The data show a larger incidence for high attenuation levels in the afternoon and evening than would be expected from the annual characteristics, with values up to 5 times more than the average statistics. Such trends are of value to the designers of satellite distribution systems.

Acknowle~gements

The authors would like to acknowledge the support provided by the staff of ITS, Surabaya. Any views expressed are not necessarily those of EUT, ITS, or INTELSAT.

References [1] De Maagt, P.J.I., S.I.E. Touw, J.Djjk, G. Brussaard, and J.E. Allnutt: '

Results of 11.2 GHz propagation experiments in Indonesia", Electronic Letters, 1993. 28 October 1993, Vol. 29, No. 22. pp 1988-1990.

[1] Allnutt, J. E.:' Satellite-to-ground radiowave propagation', lEE Electromagnetic Waves Series, Peter Peregrinus Ltd., London, 1989.

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

-4-

20

dB

hours (GMT)

Diurnal variation of excess attenuation for the first year of measurements. Diurnal data hours are given in GMT. Local time is GMT + 7. Attenuation numbers refer to the excess attenuation in dB measured along the path.

20

dB

hours (GMT)

Diurnal variation of excess attenuation for the second year of measurements. Diurnal data hours are given in GMT. Local time is GMT + 7. Attenuation numbers refer to the excess attenuation in dB measured along the path.

Figure 3.

-5-

dB -Cco

o ..... N_ ..-..::.~

hours (GMT) ..... ~ ~ N N

Diurnal variation of excess attenuation for the third year of measurements. Diurnal data hours are given in GMT. Local time is GMT + 7. Attenuation numbers refer to the excess attenuation in dB measured along the path.

SECTION 4

Annual Reports

4.1 Annual Report Year 1



SECTION 4




and



1111 GHz Satellite Beacon Data in the Western Pacific Basin"

Contract INTEL-770B 1 st year Analysis Report

March 1990 • February 1991

Coordination: J. Dijk

P.O. Box 513, EH 11.03 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands. Telephone: (0)40473417 Fax: (0)40455197

Eindhoven, December 1991

--------------------EUT-ITS-INTEL770B--


INTEL 770-B

1st Year data analysis report; March 1990 - February 1991

Table of Contents

1. Introduction

2. Data analysis results

2.1. Beacon attenuation 2.1.1. Seasonal cumulative statistics 2.1.2. 1 st year cumulative statistics 2.1.3. Worst month cumulative statistics 2.1.4. Numerical presentation 2.1.5. Event duration 2.1.6. Diurnal characteristics

2.2. Correlation data analysis 2.2.1. Statistics of mean medium temperature 2.2.2. Statistics of 10% extreme values 2.2.3. Statistics of 90% extreme values 2.2.4. Statistics of 50% (median) medium temp; 2.2.5. Numerical presentation

2.3. Sky noise temperature data analysis 2.3.1. Seasonal cumulative statistics 2.3.2. 1 st year cumulative statistics 2.3.3. Worst month statistics 2.3.4. Numerical presentation

2.4. Derived attenuation data analysis 2.4.1. Seasonal cumulative statistics 2.4.2. 1 st year cumulative statistics 2.4.3. Numerical presentation

2.5. Rainfall rate data analysis 2.5.1. Seasonal cumulative statistics 2.5.2. 1 st year cumulative statistics 2.5.3. Worst Month statistics 2.5.3. Numerical presentation

2

3 4 4 4 5 9

17

26 27 27 27 27 28

29 30 30 30 31

32 33 33 34

40 41 41 41 42

----------------1-------mar'90 feb '91---

------------------~-EUT-ITS-INTEL770 B--

1. Introduction

This 1 st year data analysis report represents the results of the propagation program carried out in Surabaya, Indonesia, under contract INTEL 770B for INTELSAT, Washington D.C. The measuring period is March 1990 - February 1991

All statistics in this report have been normalized to defined time (DT = 100%).

DT: Defined Time TT: Total Time UT: Undefined Time (= TT - DT)

The undefined time in a period O.e. a month) is the time that the signal has the value undefined (UNDEF). A signal has the value UNDEF over a certain period of time if it is not known whether or not an event occurred in that period, or if it is known that an event occurred in that period but the signal was not measured in that period. Periods in which the signal was not measured but of which is known that no event occurred, are included in the defined time (DT). The following defined time has been reached for the beacon, radiometry and rainchannnel in number of days:

Beacon Radiometry Rain March 1990 31.0000 31.0000 31.0000 April 29.3115 29.3115 29.3115 May 30.5352 30.5352 30.5352 June 29.8719 29.8719 29.8719 July 31.0000 31.0000 31.0000 August 31.0000 31.0000 31.0000 September 30.0000 30.0000 30.0000 October 31.0000 31.0000 31.0000 November 28.2259 28.2259 28.2259 December 30.7378 31.0000 31.0000 January 1991 30.9610 30.9610 30.9610 February 27.9098 26.7403 . 27.9098

The following team members were involved: Data processing: Instrumentation:

M. Albers G. Brussaard J. Dijk C. Grolleman K Uu C. Sriwedari

(EUT) (EUT) (EUT) (EUT) (ITS) (ITS)

Hendry K Holleboom A. Mulyanto H. v. Nigtevecht A. Purnomo B. Stal L. Wijdemans

(ITS) (EUT) (ITS) (EUT) (ITS) (EUT) (EUT)

---------------2------mar'90 feb '91---

-----------------~-EUT-ITS_INTEL770B--


2.1. Beacon attenuation

2.1.1. Seasonal cumulative distributions graphical presentation i June - November 1990 4 ii March - May 1990, December 1990 - February 1991 4

2.1.2. 1 st year cumulative distributions 4

2.1.3. Worst month cumulative distributions 4

2.1.4. Numerical presentation 5

---------------3---~--mar '90 feb '91---

01/06190 00:00:00 - 30111190 24:00:00 Excess Attenuation

30 -7

" \ La 'e t of Ie Ii ab t fty

2 1 \ R \ i

5 \ i I

i

2 \ I \

...... ; ..........

9 \

I; ~

" .........

J

0 ~,---ob1 .002 .ob5 . 1 . 2 . 5 . 1 .2 .S Processed: 98.9605 ~ of total time l of time

01/03/90 00:00:00 - 28102191 24:00:00 Excess Attenuation

30

2 7 ! 1\ .......

\ "I: ••..•..... Le ,&1 of !eliab .lltr: ..........

1 \ ...... 2

s \ ..... , ............... \ 5

\ 2

9 \ & \ 3 ~ 0 i~t---. Oil1 .002 .005 . 1 . 2 . 5 .1 .~ 1 2 Processed: 99.0557 • of total time l of time

01/12/90 00:00:00 - 31105/90 24:00:00 Excess Attenuation

30

27 CD

"24

21

18

15

12

9

6

3

o .0 b1 .002

i

.005 . 1 . 2 . 5

-l Le re I of e I lab I I ty

\ \

,\ , ........ \

\

" ~ ~

i"----. 1 .2 .'5 :1

Processed: 99.1513 ~ of total time t of time

01/03/90 00:00:00 - 28/02/91 24:00:00 Excess Attenuation

30 -!\ 7 .......

4 Le re I o~ Ie I lab Ii ty

2 i \ i

\ 8 i

s i \ 2

\ .............. i .. •··

\ Q

6 \ 3 \ 0

j~ Obi .ob2 .nbs . 1 . 2 . 5 .2 .5 :1 Worst Month " of time

----------------~---EUT-ITS-INTEL770B--

Cumulative statistics of Att. bias removed

over period: 01 JUN 90 00:00:00 - 30 NOV 90 24:00:00

Lo, Hi : Signal value in dB Lo<S<Hi · Number of seconds that signal was between Lo and Hi, · #secs>Lo: Number of seconds that signal was higher then Lo, and %time Percentage of time that signal was higher then Lo INF · Infinity · UNDEF Undefined

Lo Lo<S<Hi Hi #secs>Lo %time UNDEF 164350. -INF 15811200. 101.0504 -INF 15348203. 0 15646850. 100.

0 207676. 1. 298647. 1. 9087 1. 38459. 2. 90971. .5814 2. 14885. 3. 52512. .3356 3. 7938. 4. 37627. .2405 4. 5630. 5. 29689. .1897 5. 4219. 6. 24059. .1538 6. 2886. 7. 19840. .1268 7. 2170. 8. 16954. .1084 8. 1349. 9. 14784. .0945 9. 1178. 10. 13435. .0859

10. 1266. 11. 12257. .0783 11. 1238. 12. 10991. .0702 12. 995. 13. 9753. .0623 13. 860. 14. 8758. .056 14. 709. 15. 7898. .0505 15. 647. 16. 7189. .0459 16. 600. 17. 6542. .0418 17. 521. 18. 5942. .038 18. 486. 19. 5421. .0346 19. 303. 20. 4935. .0315 20. 219. 21. 4632. .0296 21. 190. 22. 4413. .0282 22. 177. 23. 4223. .027 23. 177. 24. 4046. .0259 24. 236. 25. 3869. .0247 25. 163. 26. 3633. .0232 26. 105. 27. 3470. .0222 27. 60. 28. 3365. .0215 28. 69. 29. 3305. .0211 29. 1187. 30. 3236. .0207 30. 2049. 30. 2049. .0131

-----------------5-------mar'90 feb '91---

--------------------EUT·ITS·INTEL770B--

CUmulative statistics of Att. bias removed

over period: 01 MAR 90 00:00:00 - 31 MAY 90 24:00:00 and 01 DEC 90 00:00:00 - 28 FEB 91 24:00:00

LO, Hi · Signal value in dB · Lo<S<Hi · Number of seconds that signal was between Lo and Hi, · #secs>Lo: Number of seconds that signal was higher then Lo, and %time Percentage of time that signal was higher then Lo INF Infinity UNDEF · Undefined ·


0 1029736. 1. 1560609. 10.0095 1. 189695. 2. 530873. 3.4049 2. 89695. 3. 341178. 2.1883 3. 46878. 4. 251483. 1.613 4. 32678. 5. 204605. 1.3123 5. 26474. 6. 171927. 1.1027 6. 20950. 7. 145453. .9329 7. 16828. 8. 124503. .7985 8. 14822. 9. 107675. .6906 9. 12550. 10. 92853. .5955

10. 10121. 11. 80303. .515 11. 8256. 12. 70182. .4501 12. 7043. 13. 61926. .3972 13. 5531. 14. 54883. .352 14. 4587. 15. 49352. .3165 15. 3915. 16. 44765. .2871 16. 3767. 17. 40850. .262 17. 3347. 18. 37083. .2378 18. 3197. 19. 33736. .2164 19. 2634. 20. 30539. .1959 20. 2379. 21. 27905. .179 21. 2253. 22. 25526. .1637 22. 1720. 23. 23273. .1493 23. 1258. 24. 21553. .1382 24. 818. 25. 20295. .1302 25. 440. 26. 19477. .1249 26. 253. 27. 19037. .1221 27. 723. 28. 18784. .1205 28. 349. 29. 18061. .1158 29. 15167. 30. 17712. .1136 30. 2545. 30. 2545. .0163

-----------'-------6-------mar '90 feb '91---

EUT-ITS-INTEL 770 B

Cumulative statistics of Att. bias removed

over period: 01 MAR 90 00:00:00 - 28 FEB 91 24:00:00

Lo, Hi · Signal value in dB · Lo<S<Hi · Number of seconds that signal was between Lo and Hi, · #secs>Lo: Number of seconds that signal was higher then Lo, and %time Percentage of time that signal was higher then Lo INF Infinity UNDEF · Undefined ·


0 1237412. 1. 1859256. 5.9519 1. 228154. 2. 621844. 1.9907 2. 104580. 3. 393690. 1.2603 3. 54816. 4. 289110. .9255 4. 38308. 5. 234294. .75 5. 30693. 6. 195986. .6274 6. 23836. 7. 165293. .5291 7. 18998. 8. 141457. .4528 8. 16171. 9. 122459. .392 9. 13728. 10. 106288. .3403

10. 11387. 11. 92560. .2963 11. 9494. 12. 81173. .2599 12. 8038. 13. 71679. .2295 13. 6391. 14. 63641. .2037 14. 5296. 15. 57250. .1833 15. 4562. 16. 51954. .1663 16. 4367. 17. 47392. .1517 17. 3868. 18. 43025. .1377 18. 3683. 19. 39157. .1253 19. 2937. 20. 35474. .1136 20. 2598. 21. 32537. .1042 21. 2443. 22. 29939. .0958 22. 1897. 23. 27496. .088 23. 1435. 24. 25599. .0819 24. 1054. 25. 24164. .0774 25. 603. 26. 23110. .074 26. 358. 27. 22507. .072 27. 783. 28. 22149. .0709 28. 418. 29. 21366. .0684 29. 16354. 30. 20948. .0671 30. 4594. 30. 4594. .0147

----------------7------mar'90 feb '91---

-----------------~---EUT-ITS-INTEL770 B--

Worst Month Cumulative statistics of Excess attenuation: Highest values over monthly cumulative statistics


Lo, Hi : Signal value in dB Lo<S<Hi : Number of seconds that signal was between Lo and Hi, #secs>Lo: Number of seconds that signal was higher then Lo, and %time : Percentage of time that signal was higher then Lo INF : Infinity UNDEF : Undefined

Lo %time UNDEF 100. -INF 100.

o. 12.9234 1. 5.0736 2. 3.5933 3. 2.8476 4. 2.4787 5. 2.1838 6. 1. 9182 7. 1.7163 8. 1.5561 9. 1.4044

10. 1.256 11. 1.14 12. 1. 0439 13. .9453 14. .8636 15. .8014 16. .7487 17. .6814 18. .6245 19. .5637 20. .512 21. .4644 22. .421 23. .3878 24. .3679 25. .3578 26. .3522 27. .3477 28. .3255 29. .3172 30. .095

----------------B-------mar '90 feb '91---

-----------------~----EUT-ITS-INTEL770 8--

2. Data analysis results INTEL 770-8


2.1.5. Event duration

2.1.5.1. Fade duration in seconds for June - November 1990 10

ii March - May 1990, December 1990 - February 1991 11 iii March 1990 - February 1991 12

2.1.5.2. Number of fades at certain level June - November 1990 13

ii March - May 1990. December 1990 - February 1991 14 iii March 1990 - February 1991 15

2.1.5.3. Graphical presentation of number of fades in 7 categories and 7 fade levels 16

---------------9 mar 'SO feb '91---

EUT-ITS-INTEL 770 B

Event duration analysis of Excess Attenuation Total duration of fades above level (dB) for duration categories Over period: 01 JUN 90 00:00:00 - 30 NOV 90 24:00:00

Level duration categories dB < lOs 10-30s 30-60s 1-3m 3-10m 10-30m >30m summed

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

1 22668 9446 3396 3320 3681 8894 39566 90971 2 6727 2676 1564 2529 5335 11895 21786 52512 3 2715 1836 1527 2274 5006 7880 16389 37627 4 2174 1645 580 1793 2645 5930 14922 29689 5 1473 938 375 1249 2718 4881 12425 24059 6 1053 702 338 673 1883 5191 10000 19840 7 660 584 198 589 1200 4381 9342 16954 8 585 423 213 230 1186 6667 5480 14784 9 396 395 282 672 1410 4932 5348 13435

10 401 382 271 442 2073 3468 5220 12257 11 516 246 419 692 2084 1937 5097 10991 12 331 334 214 631 1310 1871 5062 9753 13 432 258 54 741 564 1725 4984 8758 14 258 326 51 730 273 3319 2941 7898 15 231 184 182 646 574 2455 2917 7189 16 277 237 155 463 267 2344 2799 6542 17 269 244 139 77 245 2199 2769 5942 18 248 278 110 121 0 2050 2614 5421 19 197 77 33 73 0 1992 2563 4935 20 91 108 66 0 655 1214 2498 4632 21 69 67 0 0 645 1171 2461 4413 22 100 12 33 506 0 1138 2434 4223 23 54 67 0 393 0 1121 2411 4046 24 104 103 143 342 0 3177 0 3869 25 129 221 228 402 0 2653 0 3633 26 111 359 290 346 531 1833 0 3470 27 103 457 312 212 450 1831 0 3365 28 138 571 276 137 449 1734 0 3305 29 192 571 311 140 448 1574 0 3236 30 98 365 204 126 471 785 0 2049

----------------10-------mar'90 feb '91---

EUT-ITS-INTEL no B

Event duration analysis of Excess Attenuation Total duration of fades above level (dB) for duration categories Over period: 01 DEC 90 00:00:00 - 31 MAY 90 24:00:00

01 DEC 90 00:00:00 - 31 MAY 90 24:00:00 01 MAR 90 00:00:00 - 31 MAY 90 24:00:00 and 01 DEC 90 00:00:00 - 28 FEB 91 24:00:00


(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

1 61455 46557 24169 30207 34836 97302 236347 530873 2 28575 20542 12403 17832 30582 81033 150211 341178 3 16036 12414 6310 11927 23718 76072 105006 251483 4 10428 8408 5072 8802 26904 57352 87639 204605 5 8515 7259 5431 7347 24277 51827 67271 171927 6 7467 5416 3148 8707 19467 39621 61627 145453 7 5800 4568 2824 5640 19750 32154 53767 124503 8 5036 3984 2593 6841 17149 29985 42087 107675 9 4270 3717 2438 6447 13350 26618 36013 92853

10 3571 2966 1109 4578 12245 28307 27527 80303 11 2642 2002 1541 4097 9286 25756 24858 70182 12 2419 1975 1555 3445 9453 18800 24279 61926 13 2002 1345 1436 3057 7530 21894 17619 54883 14 1770 1141 1047 1767 7068 19248 17311 49352 15 1414 1270 780 2062 5457 18854 14928 44765 16 1225 1148 844 2174 7693 14157 13609 40850 17 1529 1240 635 2141 6752 13316 11470 37083 18 1291 863 797 2572 4734 12232 11247 33736 19 1149 934 664 2054 4309 10349 11080 30539 20 1106 750 820 1614 5391 9791 8433 27905 21 1011 800 578 2173 4712 12456 3796 25526 22 906 682 661 1899 4032 11354 3739 23273 23 743 654 711 1219 3395 11136 3695 21553 24 546 963 473 625 3981 11847 1860 20295 25 571 1258 356 1168 3660 12464 0 19477 26 535 1393 656 1390 3480 11583 0 19037 27 572 1504 862 1553 3452 10841 0 18784 28 668 1519 630 1595 2999 10650 0 18061 29 777 1624 1057 1390 3263 9601 0 17712 30 93 227 97 328 1176 624 0 2545

----------------11-------mar'90 feb'91---

EUT-ITS-INTEL 770 B

Event duration analysis of Excess Attenuation Total duration of fades above level (dB) for duration categories Over period: 01 MAR 90 00:00:00 - 28 FEB 91 24:00:00


(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

1 84123 56003 27565 33527 38517 106196 275913 621844 2 35302 23218 13967 20361 35917 92928 171997 393690 3 18751 14250 7837 14201 28724 83952 121395 289110 4 12602 10053 5652 10595 29549 63282 102561 234294 5 9988 8197 5806 8596 26995 56708 79696 195986 6 8520 6118 3486 9380 21350 44812 71627 165293 7 6460 5152 3022 6229 20950 36535 63109 141457 8 5621 4407 2806 7071 18335 36652 47567 122459 9 4666 4112 2720 7119 14760 31550 41361 106288

10 3972 3348 1380 5020 14318 31775 32747 92560 11 3158 2248 1960 4789 11370 27693 29955 81173 12 2750 2309 1769 4076 10763 20671 29341 71679 13 2434 1603 1490 3798 8094 23619 22603 63641 14 2028 1467 1098 2497 7341 22567 20252 57250 15 1645 1454 962 2708 6031 21309 17845 51954 16 1502 1385 999 2637 7960 16501 16408 47392 17 1798 1484 774 2218 6997 15515 14239 43025 18 1539 1141 907 2693 4734 14282 13861 39157 19 1346 1011 697 2127 4309 12341 13643 35474 20 1197 858 886 1614 6046 11005 10931 32537 21 1080 867 578 2173 5357 13627 6257 29939 22 1006 694 694 2405 4032 12492 6173 27496 23 797 721 711 1612 3395 12257 6106 25599 24 650 1066 616 967 3981 15024 1860 24164 25 700 1479 584 1570 3660 15117 0 23110 26 646 1752 946 1736 4011 13416 0 22507 27 675 1961 1174 1765 3902 12672 0 22149 28 806 2090 906 1732 3448 12384 0 21366 29 969 2195 1368 1530 3711 11175 0 20948 30 191 592 301 454 1647 1409 0 4594

---------------12------mar'90feb'91---

EUT·ITS·INTEL 770 B

Event duration analysis of Excess Attenuation Number of fades above level (dB) for duration categories Over period: 01 JUN 90 00:00:00 - 30 NOV 90 24:00:00


(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

1 6239 573 78 38 11 8 10 6957 2 2161 151 35 27 16 12 6 2408 3 789 104 35 23 14 7 5 977 4 589 95 15 17 8 5 5 734 5 428 56 9 11 8 4 5 521 6 288 38 8 7 5 4 4 354 7 192 34 5 6 4 4 4 249 8 156 24 5 2 4 5 2 198 9 113 25 7 7 4 5 2 163

10 112 23 7 4 7 3 2 158 11 128 17 11 6 6 2 2 172 12 108 19 5 6 5 2 2 147 13 106 15 1 7 2 2 2 135 14 82 19 1 6 1 3 1 113 15 62 11 5 .5 1 2 1 87 16 80 15 3 5 1 2 1 107 17 71 14 4 1 1 2 1 94 18 65 16 3 1 0 2 1 88 19 56 6 1 1 0 2 1 67 20 28 6 2 0 2 1 1 40 21 27 4 0 0 3 1 1 36 22 24 1 1 4 0 1 1 32 23 17 3 0 4 0 1 1 26 24 24 6 4 3 0 3 0 40 25 28 13 6 3 0 3 0 53 26 24 20 8 4 1 2 0 59 27 16 27 8 3 1 2 0 57 28 22 32 7 2 1 2 0 66 29 29 30 7 2 1 2 0 71 30 16 20 5 1 1 1 0 44

----------------13-------mar'90feb'91---

EUT-ITS-INTEL 7708

Event duration analysis of Excess Attenuation Number of fades above level (dB) for duration categories Over period: 01 DEC 90 00:00:00 - 31 MAY 90 24:00:00 01 MAR 90 00:00:00 - 31 MAY 90 24:00:00 and 01 DEC 90 00:00:00 - 28 FEB 91 24:00:00

Level duration categories dB < lOs 10-30s 30-60s I-3m 3-10m 10-30m >30m summed

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

1 14897 2656 570 297 108 89 70 18687 2 7958 1216 297 176 86 71 49 9853 3 4460 717 152 115 66 67 33 5610 4 2897 499 124 87 73 53 30 3763 5 2408 434 126 70 68 48 22 3176 6 2071 316 73 80 59 38 21 2658 7 1617 268 66 52 63 31 19 2116 8 1416 237 63 61 52 26 15 1870 9 1221 214 59 55 38 24 13 1624

10 1010 169 27 44 35 25 9 1319 11 792 114 37 38 30 24 9 1044 12 670 114 35 35 26 17 9 906 13 578 82 33 26 21 20 6 766 14 517 69 26 15 21 19 7 674 15 409 68 18 18 16 18 6 553 16 358 66 19 20 22 14 6 505 17 428 74 14 19 20 13 5 573 18 387 56 18 23 16 13 5 518 19 324 56 15 19 13 11 5 443 20 312 43 20 15 15 9 4 418 21 300 48 14 20 12 11 2 407 22 276 39 16 19 12 11 2 375 23 231 36 17 13 12 11 2 322 24 158 58 13 7 14 12 1 263 25 123 71 9 10 12 12 0 237 26 102 83 16 12 12 12 0 237 27 87 85 21 13 11 11 0 228 28 102 88 16 14 10 11 0 241 29 127 95 24 14 11 10 0 281 30 17 14 2 2 2 1 0 38

------------------14-------mar'90feb'91---

EUT-ITS-INTEL 770 B

Event duration analysis of Excess Attenuation Number of fades above level (dB) for duration categories Over period: 01 MAR 90 00:00:00 - 28 FEB 91 24:00:00

Level duration categories dB <lOs 10-30s 30-60s 1-3m 3-10m 10-30m >30m summed

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

1. 211.36 3229 648 335 1.19 97 80 25644 2 1.0119 1367 332 203 1.02 83 55 1.2261 3 5249 821. 1.87 1.38 80 74 38 6587 4 3486 594 139 104 81 58 35 4497 5 2836 490 135 81. 76 52 27 3697 6 2359 354 81. 87 64 42 25 301.2 7 1809 302 71 58 67 35 23 2365 8 1.572 261 68 63 56 31 17 2068 9 1334 239 66 62 42 29 15 1787

1.0 1122 1.92 34 48 42 28 1.1. 1477 1.1. 920 131 48 44 36 26 11 1216 1.2 778 133 40 41 31 19 11 1053 1.3 684 97 34 33 23 22 8 901 14 599 88 27 21 22 22 8 787 15 471 79 23 23 17 20 7 640 16 438 81 22 25 23 16 7 61.2 17 499 88 18 20 21. 15 6 667 18 452 72 21 24 16 15 6 606 19 380 62 16 20 13 13 6 510 20 340 49 22 15 17 10 5 458 21 327 52 14 20 15 12 3 443 22 300 40 17 23 12 12 3 407 23 248 39 1.7 1.7 1.2 12 3 348 24 182 64 1.7 10 14 15 1 303 25 151 84 15 13 12 1.5 0 290 26 1.26 103 24 16 13 14 0 296 27 103 1.12 29 16 12 13 0 285 28 124 120 23 16 11 13 0 307 29 1.56 125 31 16 12 1.2 0 352 30 33 34 7 3 3 2 0 82

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category

--------------------EUT-ITS-INTEL 770 B--

2, Data analysis results INTEL 770-B


2.1.6. Diurnal characteristics

2.1 ,6.1. Graphical presentation i June - November 1990 18 ii March - May 1990, December 1990 - February 1991 18 iii March 1990 - February 1991 19

2.1,6.2. Numerical presentation i June - November 1990 20 ii March - May 1990, December 1990 - February 1991 22 iii March 1990 - February 1991 24

---------------17------mar'90 feb'91---

------------~---- EUT-ITS-INTEL 770B

100

80

70

60

~ 50

-.cco hours (GMT) 0

Wet Season 1990-1991

Dry Season 1990-1991

hours (GMT)

18

N N

20

dB

dB

mar'90 feb'91 _

-----------------EUT-ITS-INTEL 7708

Year 1990-1991

S?N ~"""

hours (GMT) ,-- ~ ~

19 mar '90 feb'91 -

EUT-ITS-INTEL 770B

WET SEASON Diurnal Characteristics of Excess Attenuation on Hourly Basis over period 1 MAR 90 00:00:00 - 31 MAY 90 24:00:00

1 DEC 90 00:00:00 - 28 FEB 91 24:00:00

Hour Excess Attenuation in categories (dB)

(GMT) 0-1 1-2 2-3 3-4 4-5 5-6 6-7 7-8 0 002.1716 0001.522 001.2272 000.9785 000.6994 000000.5 000.3419 000.2128 1 001.7576 000.8688 000.8635 000.8854 000.8458 000.6721 000.4488 000.2051 2 001.9571 000.3553 000.2352 000.2211 000.2233 000.2281 000.2438 000.2231 3 002.1878 001.0566 000.3405 000.1306 000.0057 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 4 0003.011 002.1917 002.4441 002.5635 002.2974 002.2308 002.1475 001.9669 5 003.8328 003.3072 002.9361 002.1267 001. 8577 001.6278 001.3435 001.0607 6 004.2408 004.4823 003.5019 0003.277 003.1432 0002.983 002.8445 002.4157 7 005.0395 005.4177 006.2543 007.3758 00008.56 0009.613 010.7235 011.6888 8 006.0071 006.2604 006.6282 007.4213 007.6685 007.8144 0008.431 008.9891 9 007.2589 00009.48 009.6589 009.5261 009.6025 009.6642 009.6113 009.6301

10 008.3998 009.8246 010.7692 011.8819 011.8864 011.3036 011.0376 010.9903 11 0007.917 009.2851 0009.789 010.1709 0010.266 010.1956 010.6334 010.9242 12 006.8537 008.0762 008.9509 009.6516 009.8081 009.8713 009.8119 009.7443 13 005.8011 008.6583 010.3659 011.0003 011.2509 OIl. 2728 010.9585 011.0409 14 0005.159 006.6192 006.5635 005.5242 0005.07l 005.0688 004.8507 004.7953 15 004.4293 002.9219 002.3385 001.0235 000.5649 0000.484 000.4935 000.4016 16 0003.727 002.5569 001. 2972 000.9149 000.9107 001.0334 001.1773 001.3396 17 003.7124 002.3068 001. 3898 000.6836 000.5182 000.4896 000.4825 000.4806 18 003.7489 002.4782 002.4051 002.5188 002.5119 002.5082 002.6109 002.9357 19 003.8798 003.2715 003.6676 00004.13 004.3296 0004.517 0004.743 004.9275 20 002.7704 002.4098 001. 8245 001.7758 001.8317 001. 7252 001.3392 001.1405 21 002.2569 001.9274 001.5246 001.3344 001.4314 001.6407 001.7968 001.8064 22 001.8114 0002.979 003.4662 003.3802 003.2185 002.9922 002.6285 002.3385 23 002.0689 001.7431 001.5581 001.5041 001. 4974 001.5642 001.3003 000.7423

8-9 9-10 10-11 11-12 12-13 13-14 14-15 15-16 0 000.1184 000.0403 000.0013 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 1 000.0647 000.0046 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 2 000.1621 000.1038 0000.024 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 3 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 4 001.6989 001.2151 000.8254 000.6259 000.3821 000.1072 000.0000 000.0000 5 000.8883 000.7897 000.8574 000.9671 001.0821 0001.207 001.3245 001.4373 6 0002.055 001.8825 001. 2901 000.9212 000.6878 000.4641 000.2265 0000.204 7 012.4913 013.3575 014.5999 016.1788 0017.783 019.2341 020.5729 0021.814 8 009.5172 009.9614 010.4011 010.7665 0011. 384 011.7756 012.2959 0012.865 9 009.9469 010.3453 010.4264 010.9118 011.7158 012.2436 012.5698 012.9005

10 010.8819 010.7787 010.2248 0009.299 008.4086 007.8075 0007.205 006.2499 11 010.9714 010.9148 011.0381 011.1307 010.3627 008.8897 007.8629 007.2864 12 0009.543 009.3008 009.2739 008.7757 008.3669 008.4139 008.3871 008.1948 13 011. 2131 011.3182 011.3119 010.9424 010.9776 011. 2569 011. 6121 011.8759 14 004.7148 004.6481 004.5929 004.3963 004.0558 003.6912 003.0546 002.4098 15 000.3093 000.3009 000.3138 000.3397 000.3127 000.3198 000.2718 000.2562 16 001.5209 001.6623 001.8617 002.1193 002.3953 002.6714 002.9338 003.0739 17 000.5003 000.5395 000.5796 000.5677 000.5246 000.4933 000.4897 000.3914 18 003.2616 003.4031 003.5057 003.4108 003.3714 0003.389 003.2487 002.9506 19 005.1077 005.2695 005.4236 005.6342 005.9508 006.2105 006.1889 006.3352 20 000.9529 000.6744 000.2484 000.1056 000.0347 000.0078 000.0000 000.0000 21 001.7696 001.6255 001.3542 001.0467 000.5628 000.3178 000.1812 000.0451 22 002.0461 001. 8237 001.8444 001.8607 001.6414 001.4995 001.5747 001. 7101 23 000.2646 000.0403 000.0013 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000

20 mar '90 feb'91

EUT-ITS-INTEL 770B

WET SEASON Diurnal Characteristics of Excess Attenuation on Hourly Basis over period 1 MAR 90 00:00:00 - 31 MAY 90 24:00:00

1 DEC 90 00:00:00 - 28 FEB 91 24:00:00


(GMT) 16-17 17-18 18-19 19-20 20 21 21-22 22-23 23-24 o 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 1 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 2 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 3 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 4 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 5 001.5412 001.5611 001.4472 001.1559 000.9206 000.4668 000.1663 0000.034 6 000.1373 000.0907 000.0341 000.0103 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 7 022.5555 0022.708 0022.644 022.7H5 022.7183 022.5676 022.5693 022.8466 8 013.4872 014.2792 015.1136 016.0391 016.9218 0017.674 018.2272 00018.78 9 013.2903 013.6446 013.6044 013.2075 012.7007 012.3219 012.1365 012.2725

10 004.9577 004.1676 003.8241 003.6969 003.4801 003.0467 0002.216 001.6402 11 007.3199 007.2784 007.2856 006.5046 005.7666 005.2662 004.8231 0004.513 12 007.9908 007.7148 007.6389 007.9238 008.2513 008.5708 008.8956 008.7058 13 012.2387 012.7692 01.2.8947 001.2.715 012.8279 013.1286 013.3097 013.0781 14 001. 9737 001.8104 001.7106 0001. 751 001.7999 001.6912 001.6811 001. 6887 15 0000.215 000.1615 000.1054 000.0376 000.0037 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 16 003.2818 003.5556 003.8675 004.2235 004.5205 004.8198 004.9445 004.8188 17 000.2616 000.1275 000.0279 000.0068 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 18 002.5462 002.0796 001.5092 0001.002 000.5463 000.2785 000.1483 000.0631 19 006.3745 0006.182 006.3219 006.8739 007.2971 007.7764 008.3292 008.8756 20 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 21 000.0026 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 22 001.8:261 001. 8699 001.9709 002.1306 002.2453 002.3915 002.5532 002.6836 23 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000

21 mar '90 feb'91

EUT-ITS-I NTEL 770B

DRY SEASON Diurnal Characteristics of Excess Attenuation on Hourly Basis over period 1 JUN 90 00:00:00 - 30 NOV 90 24:00:00


(GMT) 0-1 1 2 2-3 3-4 4-5 5-6 6 7 7-8 o 002.8839 002.4943 002.6899 002.3944 002.3342 002.5604 002.6008 001. 9759 1 0001.714 001.0561 0000.356 000.0133 000.0101 000.0042 000.0000 000.0000 2 0000.338 000.0307 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 3 000.1301 000.0077 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 4 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 5 000.3136 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 6 001.2896 000.2185 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 7 001.9272 001.5579 000.0209 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 8 001.4955 0001.178 000.2951 000.1169 000.0202 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 9 001.1321 001.0913 000.2361 0000.008 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000

10 001.5292 001.0023 000.1561 000.0213 000.0067 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 11 003.3166 002.1013 001.0109 000.4146 000.1078 000.0208 0000.005 000.0000 12 005.6526 006.6629 00007.79 009.0353 009.6804 010.1126 010.5998 011.3778 13 004.6142 004.9755 006.3108 007.6907 008.3061 008.5207 008.6089 008.9536 14 007.3289 010.7064 013.7524 016.3327 019.4685 022.7233 026.3962 0030.046 15 008.8354 010.1871 010.8683 011.2251 011.3645 011.3097 OIl. 6784 011.8202 16 009.5792 008.0814 007.4683 007.6588 008.4509 008.9488 00009.38 009.9387 17 009.5314 005.3971 003.5885 001. 6742 000.1448 000.0374 000.0151 000.0000 18 007.7677 006.7321 004.4832 001. 6609 001. 2799 001. 0017 000.6804 000.2654 19 009.8147 012.7671 015.4391 015.6923 015.4097 013.2591 009.3952 005.7214 20 0007.447 012.4135 014.2302 012.6973 007.6156 003.2794 001.0333 000.2949 21 0004.348 002.0892 000.5483 000.0372 000.0067 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 22 004.6543 004.3805 0005.437 006.8801 008.1848 009.4019 010.5393 010.7703 23 004.3566 0004.869 0005.319 0006.447 007.6089 00008.82 009.0675 008.8357

8-9 9-10 10-11 11-12 12 13 13-14 14-15 15-16 0 001. 2649 000.6997 000.3835 000.1001 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 1 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 2 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 3 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 4 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 5 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 6 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 7 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 8 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 9 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000

10 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 11 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 12 012.0671 012.1399 012.6295 0013.411 0014.088 014.4782 015.0291 015.6628 13 008.8812 007.9866 007.1143 004.9677 003.3733 002.4663 001. 2028 0000.306 14 033.5904 036.1072 037.8641 040.1146 042.5818 044.7705 047.3411 049.9652 15 012.0603 011.7082 010.6715 009.1529 007.3208 006.0973 004.9126 003.3384 16 010.4843 010.5099 010.8917 011.3911 0011.053 009.1003 006.8245 005.1468 17 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 18 000.0406 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 19 001.5896 001.0942 000.5629 000.1911 000.0513 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 20 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 21 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 22 011.0187 011.6263 012.5153 013.7749 015.3901 016.9331 018.4097 019.1543 23 0009.003 0008.128 007.3672 006.8966 006.1417 006.1544 006.2801 006.4265

22 mar '90 feb'91

EUT-ITS-INTEL 770B



(GMT) 16-17 17-18 18 19 19-20 20-21 21-22 22-23 23-24 o 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 1 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 2 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 3 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 4 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 5 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 6 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 7 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 8 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 9 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000

10 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000,0000 000.0000 000.0000 11 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 12 016.1419 015.8028 015.9749 015.7852 015.5225 015.2277 014.0658 0012.086 13 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 14 051. 8954 054.0559 055.6355 056.3931 057.0596 057.6025 058.3235 059.9605 15 002.6445 002.4234 002.0291 001. 2766 000.4102 000.1813 0000.071 000.0494 16 004.0202 002.9115 001.2175 000.4661 000.2159 000.0906 000.0000 000.0000 17 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 18 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 19 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 20 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 21 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 22 018.8474 018.2094 018.5021 019.8784 020.9413 021.5953 022.4722 023.0845 23 006.4506 006.5971 006.6408 006.2006 005.8506 005.3025 005.0675 004.8196

23 mar'90 feb'91

EUT-ITS-INTEL 770B

YEAR Diurnal Characteristics of Excess Attenuation on Hourly Basis over period 1 MAR 90 00:00:00 - 28 FEB 91 24:00:00


(GMT) 0-1 1-2 2-3 3-4 4-5 5-6 6-7 7-8 0 0002.288 001.6704 001. 4319 001.1722 000.9177 000.7662 000.6284 000.4368 1 001.7505 000.8974 000.7924 000.7661 000.7342 000.5858 000.3919 0000.179 2 001.6925 000.3058 000.2022 000.1909 000.1934 000.1987 000.2129 000.1948 3 001.8515 000.8965 000.2928 000.1127 000.0049 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 4 002.5189 001.8572 002.1021 002.2128 001.9906 001. 9426 001.8751 001. 7171 5 003.2576 002.8025 002.5252 001.8357 001.6096 001.4175 001.1731 0000.926 6 003.7585 003.8316 003.0117 002.8287 002.7234 002.5976 002.4837 002.1089 7 004.5308 004.8286 005.3818 006.3667 007.4167 008.3712 009.3633 010.2042 8 005.2697 005.4847 005.7418 006.4219 0006.647 0006.805 007.3616 007.8474 9 006.2576 008.1998 00008.34 008.2238 00008.32 008.4158 008.3922 0008.407

10 007.2769 008.4783 009.2838 010.2592 010.2998 009.8434 009.6376 009.5944 11 007.1652 008.1888 008.5604 008.8361 008.9093 008.8813 009.2853 009.5367 12 006.6574 007.8605 008.7884 009.5673 0009.791 009.9025 009.9118 009.9518 l3 005.6072 008.0963 009.7983 010.5475 010.8576 010.9173 010.6605 010.7758 14 005.5136 0007.243 007.5697 007.0029 006.9939 007.3494 007.5835 008.0025 15 005.1494 004.0306 003.5324 002.4193 002.0072 001.8825 001.9122 001. 8519 16 004.6835 000003.4 002.1609 001. 8375 001.9177 002.0559 002.2178 002.4318 17 004.6634 002.7784 001.6976 000.8191 000.4683 000.4312 000.4232 000.4195 18 OQ4.4057 003.1274 0002.696 002.4015 002.3473 002.3136 002.3661 002.5966 19 004.8497 004.7206 005.3152 005.7119 005.8094 005.6463 005.3331 005.0283 20 003.5347 003.9365 003.5609 00003.27 002.6042 001.9259 001.3004 001.0331 21 002.5987 001. 9521 0001. 388 001.1569 001.2411 001. 4288 001. 5689 0001.577 22 0002.276 003.1929 003.7421 0003.859 003.8818 003.8202 003.6319 003.4094 23 002.4428 002.2201 002.0845 002.1804 002.3136 002.5015 002.2855 001.7702

8-9 9-10 10-11 11-12 12-13 13-14 14-15 15-16 0 000.2654 000.1288 000.0551 000.0144 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 1 000.0564 0000.004 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 2 000.1413 000.0898 000.0207 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 3 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 4 001.4811 001.0521 000.7093 000.5357 000.3268 000.0916 000.0000 000.0000 5 000.7744 000.6838 000.7368 000.8279 000.9254 001.0309 001.1317 0001.228 6 001.7916 001.6301 001.1086 000.7886 000.5882 000.3964 000.1935 000.1743 7 010.8899 011.5662 012.5462 013.8495 015.2068 016.4285 017.5781 018.6363 8 008.2971 008.6255 0008.938 009.2164 009.7349 0010.058 010.5059 010.9909 9 008.6717 008.9579 008.9598 009.3409 010.0186 010.4577 00010.74 011.0213

10 009.4868 009.3332 008.7865 007.9602 007.1905 006.6687 006.1561 005.3394 11 009.5649 0009.451 009.4854 009.5282 008.8615 0007.593 006.7183 006.2249 12 009.8666 009.6816 009.7459 0009.443 009.1957 009.2985 0009.354 009.2827 13 010.9142 010.8714 010.7214 010.0823 0009.876 009.9747 010.0968 010.1905 14 008.4167 0008.867 009.2731 009.5387 009.6368 009.6832 009.5014 009.3374 15 001.8158 001.8307 001.7708 001. 6086 001.3279 001.1625 000.9474 000.7052 16 00002.67 002.8489 0003.132 003.4542 003.6495 003.6091 003.5001 003.3759 17 000.4362 000.4672 000.4981 0000.486 000.4486 000.4214 000.4184 000.3343 18 002.8486 002.9467 003.0126 002.9198 0002.883 002.8946 002.7758 002.5208 19 004.6567 004.7095 004.7398 004.8505 005.0962 005.3046 0005.288 005.4124 20 000.8307 000.5839 000.2135 000.0904 000.0297 000.0067 000.0000 000.0000 21 001.5427 001.4075 001.1637 0000.896 000.4812 000.2715 000.1548 000.0385 22 003.1964 003.1384 003.3454 0003.576 003.6331 003.7507 004.0254 004.25l3 23 001.3849 0001.125 001.0375 000.9929 000.8897 000.8977 000.9142 000.9362

24 mar '90 feb'91

EUT-ITS-INTEL 770B

YEAR Diurnal Characteristics of Excess Attenuation on Hourly Basis over period 1 MAR 90 00:00:00 - 28 FEB 91 24:00:00


(GMT) 16-17 17-18 18-19 19-20 20-21 21-22 22-23 23-24 o 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 1 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 2 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 3 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 4 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000;0000 000.0000 000.0000 5 001. 3179 001. 3361 001. 2391 0000.989 000.7846 000.3954 000.1398 000.0284 6 000.1174 000.0776 000.0292 000.0088 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 7 019.2872 0019.436 019.3871 019.4405 019.3621 019.1135 018.9686 019.0971 8 011.5329 012.2217 012.9398 013.7231 014.4219 0014.969 015.3192 015.6979 9 011.3646 OIl. 6785 011.6477 011.3003 010.8244 0010.436 010.2002 010.2584

10 004.2393 003.5671 003.2741 0003.163 0002.966 002.5804 001.8625 0001.371 11 006.2593 006.2297 006.2377 005.5653 004.9147 004.4602 004.0536 003.7724 12 009.1719 008.8802 008.8379 0009.059 009.3255 009.5897 009.7204 009.2605 13 010.4653 010.9292 011.0401 0010.879 010.9329 011.1192 011.1862 010.9317 14 009.2073 009.3385 009.4667 009.6413 009.9633 010.2487 010.7178 011.2522 15 0000.567 000.4874 000.3821 000.2165 000.0638 000.0277 000.0113 000.0081 16 003.3888 003.4628 003.4863 003.6809 003.8845 0004.096 004.1556 004.0279 17 000.2237 000.1091 000.0239 000.0059 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 18 002.1772 001.7799 001.2921 000.8573 000.4656 000.2358 000.1247 000.0527 19 005.4508 005.2912 005.4126 005.8813 006.2191 006.5862 007.0004 0007.419 20 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 21 000.0022 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 22 004.2925 004.2243 004.3486 004.6934 005.0072 005.3307 0005.731 006.0317 23 000.9347 000.9506 000.9552 000.8954 000.8643 000.8116 000.8085 0000.791

25 mar '90 feb'91

--EUT-ITS-INTEL 7708--


2.2. Correlation data analysis

2.2.1. Distribution of mean medium temperature 2.2.2. Distribution of 10% extremes 2.2.3. Distribution of 90% extremes 2.2.4. Distribution of 50% (median) medium temp. 2.2.5. Numerical presentation

27 27 27 27 28

------mar'90 feb '91---

Q1/06190 00:00:00 - 30111/90 24:00:0D TIll-Attenuation

360

340

300t············+······ ...... )· .. ·········:J·····==~===#~~~-·= ... ~.~ ... ~ ... ~ .... = .. ~~ .... ) ............ ~ e .... 280t·· .... ·· .. ···+·············+···

260t····· .. ······,'······0····~~~q

24 Of···,····· .... ""'

2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Attenuation [ dB]

Q1/03/90 00:00:00 28102/91 24:00:00 Tm-Attenuation

380

360

340

,320

'" .....

11 12

300 ·············-i-·············i············ ..... ,.,., ... "-i~-=~==it=~\::.::::=:Jp--1f==1f

;80 ·············t·············/·············L ........... l··············\·············j······· .. ·····f., ........... j ............. .1. ............ !

220

20~---.t---~----~--~----r----+----+----+----+---~ 2 3 4 6 1 8 9 10 11 12

Attenuation [dB]

01/12/90 00:00:00 - 31/05/90 24:00:00 Tm-Attenuat ion

~ T 280 j .. j' .............................. , ............. <-.............. ;

r-- 1 260~'

240

~

i

~

220 Vj 20", I

2 4 5 6

v» ••••• ~ ••• ') ........... S c······· .. ·· ..

...........

9 10 11 12 Attenuat ion [dB]

EUT-ITS-INTEL 770 B

10%, 50% AND 90% EXTREME VALUES OF MEDIUM TEMPERATURE FOR 2-12 dB

MONTH ATT. [dB] TIn[K] JUN-NOV ' 90 10% 50% 90%

2 88 157 312 3 77 238 328 4 179 275 320 5 231 269 310 6 237 274 305 7 248 278 304 8 250 275 300 9 258 280 302

10 263 283 303 11 265 282 312 12 266 287 311

MONTH ATT. [dB] TIn[K] MAR-MAY 190, DEC'90-FEB I 91 10% 50% 90%

2 144 264 354 3 196 270 324 4 223 270 311 5 235 272 304 6 243 271 299 7 244 270 297 8 246 271 298 9 249 272 297

10 253 270 296 11 255 271 300 12 254 273 300

MONTH ATT. [dB] TIn[K] MAR'90-FEB'91 10% 50% 90%

2 111 254 348 3 178 268 324 4 220 271 312 5 234 272 304 6 242 272 300 7 244 271 298 8 246 271 298 9 250 272 297

10 253 271 297 11 255 273 302 12 255 275 303

----------------28------mar'90 feb'91---

---------------------EUT-IT8-INTEL770B--

2. pata analysis results

2.3. Sky noise temperature data analysis

2.3.1. Seasonal cumulative statistics graphical presentation i June - November 1990 graphical presentation 30 ii March - May 1990, December 1990 - February 1991 30




---------------29------mar'90 feb'91---

. 3 m '"" ~ at 0-eD .....

01/06/90 00:00:00 30111190 24:00:00 Sky noise temperature

350

32

30

5

0

r---! .... J '-~7

~S

5

0

~ ...

.. "'22

20

17

1S

12

10

5

2

S ........... , ..... 0

51-"

0

5

0

5

0

5

0 001 .002 .0'05 1 2 . S Processed: 98.9605 ~ of total time

.... \

. .......

. ~ ...

\ \ \ \ ~

........... "--------1

.1 .2 .~ ~ of tfme

01/03190 00:00:00· 28/02/91 24:00:00 Sky noise temperature

350

325

300

;ps ~50 .. "'225

r·· .... · ..

20 0

17 5

15 0

12 S

10 0

51-....

0

2 '5

0 001 .OD2

--, ...

.......... , .......

.OOS . 1 . 2 . 5 Processed: 96.601 I of total time

.....

............

;--

"" ..... \

\ ........... \

\

......... 1\

'" ~ .~ .2

~ of tIme

01/12190 00:00:00 - 31/05/90 2~'00:OO Sky noise temperature

350

32

30

5

0

P .'!'5 (]I

"22

20

17

15

12

10

2

5

5

n

5

n

s a s 0

5

0 ob1

.....

.......

.002 .cbs

....... .j..

... ---::-:.-. ! ~

.......

.......... ! ....

....... , ..........

...... ; ..... ...........

.d1 • 2 . 5 .2 Processed: 98.6527 l of total time

.....

3 . .....

.\

\ ...........

......... \ ;\ .... .'\.

.... ~ ....... , ..............

, of time

01/03/90 00:00:00 - 2B/02/91 24:00:00 Sky noise temperature

3S

32

30

P .'!'5 <II "22

0

5, ......

0

s 0

5

0

'5

Or .. · ....

20

17

15

12

10

Sf· ...... · .. ......

S

2

0

5

0

5

0 0\)1 .OD2

....

.. ..

.0\)5 . 1

---~ ---. ! ~

\ '\

, .... \

r" \ ........

\ \ \

. 2 '5 .~ .~ .\; worst month , of tlme

EUT-ITS-INTEL 770 B

CUMULATIVE DISTRIBUTIONS OF SKY NOISE TEMPERATURE % JUN-NOV'90 MAR-MAY'90 MAR'90-FEB'91 WORST MONTH

DEC'90 FEB'91 [K] [K] [K] [K]

.001 307 309 309 314

.002 304 308 307 310

.003 301 307 305 310

.004 299 306 304 309

.005 298 305 302 309

.006 297 304 301 309

.007 296 303 300 309

.008 295 301 299 308

.009 294 300 299 308 .01 293 300 299 308 .02 284 297 295 305 .03 277 295 291 303 .04 273 293 288 300 .05 268 290 285 299 .06 264 289 282 298 .07 260 287 280 297 .08 252 285 278 296 .09 243 284 276 295 .1 234 282 274 294 .2 168 269 260 286 .3 124 262 242 280 .4 93 253 225 274 .5 74 243 207 269 .6 63 234 189 266 .7 56 224 171 264 .8 51 213 156 261 .9 48 203 143 257 1. 45 193 131 252 2. 33 115 72 189 3. 82 52 124 4. 65 42 90 5. 54 36 73

----------------31------mar'OO feb '91---

--------------------EUT-ITS-INTEL 7708--


2.4. Derived attenuation data analysis

2.4.1. Seasonal cumulative statistics graphical presentation i June - November 1990 graphical presentation 33 ii March - May 1990, December 1990 - February 1991 33



----------------32-----~mar'90feb'91---

01/06/90 00:00:00. 30/11/90 24:00:00 Total Attenuation

,-t········t~~·~~·~·~~d····i·······~~,··j;·········· ..... , ........... + .......... ., .............. ;

: ~ ...... ···-r-.. ····;···rT;;;~r2·9·ol···K···· .. ··r··· ... ···t· ~ .. · .. • .... ,· .... ··· .. ····1 .. · .. · .. ··,··· ...... ·1· .. • .. ·········,····· ••..•• , .... -fi ~I!t· ...... · .... ··+· ........ +········ .. i'··· .... · .. · .... ;

4 .......... ! ........ ~ ... +! .. ~.~+?.~gj .... ~ ......... 1 ........... f........ \ ......... + ........... + .......... , .............. ; r---· 1Tm =12 7 0i K [ 1 l

3 •· .. ··•• .. ,······ .... · .. ·t ...... · .. ·t .. ·· ...... 1 .......... · .... ,·· .. ··· .. ··,······-···: .. ~~ .. ···+ ...... · .... f .... •• .. ···+·· .... · .. · .... ·; 2 .......... ~ ......... ~ .. J: .. ~.~l?.~.~!....~ ......... L. ...... ..l ...... _ ... L~·7IIl+· .... · .... ·;· .......... + ............... ;

'j---# iTm=i25 or K i l 1 ~~ ; ·· ........ I ........ ·· .... t ...... · .. ·t ...... · .. ·j .. · ........ ····! .......... ·t ...... ····j··············lH""' ..... , ........... + ............... ;

, 0 ~ 1 . Ob2 . oil 5 , d 1 , d 2 , d s . 1 , 'z ,5 Processed: 98,9605 ~ of total time ~ of time

01/03/90 00:00:00 28/02/91 24:00:00 Total Attenuation

··· ...... T .... •· .... · .. ;· .... ·· .. ·;· ...... • .. 1· .. ·······-~--k--?1O"'f

11 .......... L ............ l .......... i. ......... l. .............. l .......... .1 .. .

Processed: time ~ of time

01/12/90 00:00:00 31/05/90 24:00:00 Total Attenuation

.. h·##·##V4~~~··········t··········~,··w········r···hh ... Uh,, __ -...---il,.,--nr...,

11 .......... L .... -...... --L--_4 ___ .J.~-... -. ..t ____ h_ •••••• J ..... -.---~---------.. i ~10 ......... 1. ............. 1... ........ 1 .......... .1 .............. 1 .......... 1... ....... L ...... 1.:1.* ..... , ........... + ............... ,

9 .......... j ............... I ... · ....... I ...... · .... I ........ · .. ·) .......... ~ ...... ·...! ........ · . : ... iN-.... , ......... , ............... ,

8 .......... L ............. L. ......... L ........ .L ............ .l. ......... L ......... L........... : r.T,b¥··"· .... · .... ·+ .. ·· .......... ·;

7.. ........ L .......... .l.. ......... L. ....... L ............ L ........ L ........ L .......... ..LM'I:iN' .......................... ; t-- lmea!S ur 6d l ! ! :

, 2 Processed: 98,6527 • of total time " of time

----- EUT-ITS-INTEL 770 B

JUN-NOV' 90

CUMULATIVE DISTRIBUTIONS OF MEASURED ATTENUATION (ATT. ) AND DERIVED ATTENUATION

% MEASURED DERIVED ATTENUATION IN dB ATT. WITH MEDIUMTEMPERATURE IN Kelvin

2S0K 260K 270K 2BOK 290K 300K .001 1B.1 13.3 .002 16.1 12.S • 003 lS • 11.9 .004 14.3 11.6 .OOS 21.3 13.B 11.3 • 006 19. 13.4 11 • .007 lB. 13. 10.9 .008 17.4 12.B 10.8 .009 16.7 12.6 10.7 .01 16.1 12.4 10.6 .02 14.4 l1.S 9.B .03 16.S 18.1 12.9 10.8 9.3 .04 14.1 14. 11.3 9.7 8.7 .OS 12.1 15.2 11.8 10. 8.9 7.9 .06 10.8 20.2 13.2 10.7 9.3 8.3 7.5 .07 9.9 lS.4 11.8 9.9 8.8 7.9 7.1 .08 9.3 13.2 10.7 9.3 B.2 7.4 6.B .09 8.7 11. 7 9.8 8.6 7.8 7. 6.S .1 8.2 10.6 9.1 B.1 7.3 6.7 6.2 .2 5.3 6.1 S.6 S.2 4.8 4.S 4.3 .3 3.8 4.3 4. 3.8 3.S 3.4 3.2 .4 2.9 3.2 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.5 .5 2.3 2.S 2.3 2.2 2.1 2. 1.9 .6 1.9 1.9 loB loB 1.7 1.7 1.6 .7 1.7 1.7 1.6 loS 1.4 1.3 1.3 • B 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1. 1 • • 9 1.3 1.1 1. 1. 1. 1. 1 • 1. 1.1 1. 1. 1. .9 .9 .9 2. .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 3. .2 .3 .3 .2 .2 .2 .2 4. 5.

------~---------34-------mar'90 feb'91---

EUT-ITS-INTEL 770 B

JUN-NOV' 90

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CUMULATIVE DISTRIBUTIONS OF MEASURED ATTENUATION (ATT. ) AND DERIVED ATT.

% MEASURED DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DERIVED AND MEASURED ATT. IN dB ATT. WITH MEDIUMTEMPERATURE IN Kelvin

250K 260K 270K 2S0K 290K 300K .001 .002 .003 .004 .005 .006 .007 .OOS .009

.01

.02

.03 16.5 -12.9 -12.7 -1. 5 3.6 5.S 7.2

.04 14.1 -15.2 -13.9 0 2.S 4.3 5.4

.05 12.1 -17. -3.1 .3 2.1 3.2 4.1

.06 10.8 -9.4 -2.4 .1 1.5 2.5 3.3

.07 9.9 -5.5 -1.9 0 1.1 2. 2.8

.OS 9.3 -3.9 -1.4 0 1. 1.8 2.5

.09 8.7 -3. -1.1 .1 .9 1.7 2.2 .1 S.2 -2.4 -.9 • 1 .9 1.5 2 • .2 5.3 -.S -.3 .2 .5 .S 1.1 .3 3.S -.5 -.2 0 .3 .4 .6 .4 2.9 -.3 -.1 0 .2 .3 .4 .5 2.3 -.1 0 .1 .2 .3 .4 .6 1.9 0 .1 .1 .2 .2 .3 .7 1.7 .1 .1 .2 .3 .4 .4 .8 1.5 .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .5 .9 1.3 .2 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 1. 1.1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .2 .2 2. .6 0 0 0 0 0 0 3. .2 -.1 -.1 -.1 -.1 -.1 -.1 4. 5.

----------------35-------mar'OO feb'91---

EUT-ITS-INTEL 7708

MRT'90-MAY'90,DEC'90-FEB'91



250K 260K 270K 280J( 290K 300K .001 --.002 .003 .004 .005 .006 .007 .008 .009

.01

.02 19.5

.03 16.9

.04 15.9

.05 15.1

.06 -- 14.4

.07 -- 13.8

.08 21.3 13.3

.09 19.1 12.8 .1 17.8 12.4 .2 18.5 15.2 11.9 9.9 .3 14.2 17.1 12.6 10.5 9. .4 11.7 12.8 10.7 9.3 7.9 .5 10. 17.1 15.1 10.3 9. 8.1 7. .6 8.6 12.4 11.5 8.9 7.9 7.2 6.3 .7 7.5 9.9 9.6 7.7 7. 6.4 5.7 .8 6.5 8.2 8.1 6.7 6.1 5.7 5.1 .9 5.8 7.1 7. 5.9 5.5 5.1 4.6 1. 5.1 6.1 6. 5.2 4.9 4.6 4.2 2. 2.1 2.5 2.5 2.2 2.1 2. 1.9 3. 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.4 4. 1. 1.3 1.3 1.1 1. 1. 1. S. .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .8

----------------36------'-----mar'90feb'91---

EUT-ITS-INTEL no B

MRT'90-MAY'90,DEC ' 90-FEB ' 91



250K 260K 270K 2BOK 290K 300K .001 .002 .003 .004 .005 .006 .007 .OOB .009

.01

.02

.03

.04

.05

.06

.07

.OB

.09 .1 .2 1B.5 -11.1 -11.1 -10.6 3.2 6.5 B.6 .3 14.2 -15.1 -15.1 -2.9 1.6 3.7 5.3 .4 11.7 -17.4 -17.3 -1.1 1.1 2.4 3.B .5 10. -7.1 -5. -.3 1. 2. 3.1 .6 B.6 -3.7 -2.9 -.2 .7 1.4 2.4 .7 7.5 -2.4 -2.1 -.2 .5 1.1 1.B .B 6.5 -1.7 -1.6 -.2 .4 .B 1.5 .9 5.B -1.3 -1.2 -.1 .3 .7 1.2 1. 5.1 -1. -.9 -.1 .2 .5 .9 2. 2.1 -.4 -.3 -.1 .1 .2 .2 3. 1.5 -.2 -.2 -.1 0 .1 .2 4. 1. -.3 -.3 -.1 0 0 0 5. .9 -.1 -.1 0 0 0 0

----------------37------mar'SOfeb'S1---

EUT-ITS-INTEL 770 B

MRT'90-FEB'91



250K 260K 270K 280K 290K 300K .001 .002 .003 .004 .005 .006 .007 .008 22.4 .009 21.1

• 01 20 • .02 16.1 .03 14.7 .04 21. 13.6 .05 17.7 12.7 .06 15.8 12. .07 24. 14.4 11.3 .08 22.1 19. 13.3 10.8 .09 20.7 16.8 12.7 10.5 .1 19.6 15.6 12.1 10.2 .2 12.6 14.2 11.4 9.8 8.5 .3 9.6 14.8 11.9 9.8 8.6 7.8 7. .4 7.6 9.9 8.7 7.7 7. 6.4 5.9 • 5 6.2 7.5 6.7 6.2 5.7 5.4 5 • .6 5.1 6.1 5.4 5.2 4.8 4.5 4.3 .7 4.2 4.9 4.4 4.3 4. 3.8 3.8 .8 3.6 4.2 3.8 3.7 3.5 3.3 3.3 .9 3.1 3.6 3.3 3.2 3. 2.9 2.9 1. 2.8 3.2 2.9 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.6 2. 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 3. .9 1. .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 4. .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 5. .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5

----------------38--------mar'OO feb '91---

EUT-ITS-INTEL 770 B

MRT'90-FEB'91



250K 260K 270K 2S0K 290K 300K .001 .002 .003 .004 .005 .006 .007 .OOS .009

.01

.02

.03

.04

.05

.06

.07 24. -5.S -5.7 -5.5 -5. 9.5 12.7

.08 22.1 -7.6 -7.5 -7.3 3.1 8.7 11.2

.09 20.7 -8.9 -8.S -8.5 4. 8.1 10.2 .1 19.6 -10. -9.9 -9.6 3.9 7.4 9.4 .2 12.6 -16.6 -16.4 -1.6 1.3 2.9 4.1 .3 9.6 -5.2 -2.3 -.2 .9 1.8 2.6 .4 7.6 -2.3 -1.1 -.1 .6 1.1 1.6 .5 6.2 -1.4 -.6 -.1 .4 .8 1.1 .6 5.1 -.9 -.3 0 .3 .6 .8 .7 4.2 -.7 -.2 -.1 .2 .4 .5 .8 3.6 -.6 -.1 -.1 .1 .3 .4 .9 3.1 -.5 -.2 -.1 .1 .2 .2 1. 2.8 -.4 -.1 -.1 .1 .2 .2 2. 1.4 -.2 0 0 0 .1 .1 3. .9 -.1 0 0 0 0 0 4. .7 -.1 0 0 0 0 0 5. .5 -.1 0 0 0 0 -.1

----------------39-------mar'90 feb '91---


2.5. Rainfall rate data analysis

2.5.1. Seasonal cumulative distributions graphical presentation

~ EUT-ITS-INTEL 7708--

June - November 1990 41 ii March - May 1990, December 1990 - February 1991 41




---------------40---~--mar·90 feb'91---

01/06/90 00:00:00· 30/11/90 24:00:00 Rain Intensity 01/12/90 00:00:00 - 31/05/90 24:00:00 Rain IntenSity

20n~ .......... ~ ............... , ........... , ............ , ................ ~ ;

175 .. ""

15Q .......... L"" ........ i .... · ...... ; .... ·· .. · .. , .... ·· .... · .. ·.;.·· ........ ·i .......... +· ...... · ...... ·;· .. ··· ...... ·f··· .. · ...... + .... · ........ ·; 5 : ~ o : ........ ,

~2S .......... 1... ........... ].. ....... ,.", ........... " ............................. " .......... , ............... , ........... , ........... , .............. ; e ! ! i~

'::::tt~tJ: .. ~"" ..... + ......... + .............. : ........... ; ............ + ............... ; i ! i ! ! ""

so .......... t .............. j .......... .j.. ......... I .............. i ........ + .... "'. "" ..... ;. ............. ..,. ......... ..;. ........... , ............... ; 2 :---jl-II-ll-r ">_~ .001 .Ob2 .obs .d1 .d2 .OS .'1 .2 .Is ~

Processed: of total tltIIe " of time Processed: 99.2954 " of total time II of time

01/03/90 00:00:00 - 28/02/91 24:00:00 Rain IntenSity 01/03/90 00:00:00 - 28/02/91 24:00:00 Rain IntenSity

200.................. .. ............ ..

175 .......... 1... .... \11"<,: ....... , ........................... ; .......... ;, ......... + .............. ; ........... , ........... , ......... .

i 1\ fO .......... t .. · .......... r ........ \i:'\, .. ··· .... ·!· ...... ·· .... +· .... · .. ·t .......... j ................ ! ............ ! ............. , ............... j

. ~ ::t:~:tl~L_."'. ~ ........... "' .......... ;-.............. + ........... ; ........... , .............. ,

\ I I I ~

::·::I::I::II~l:l~··"' .. :· .. ::· .. :· .. :~!i .. · ...... ~· .. · ............... '( ........ "' .... ;!'--........... ' ................. ;

.OD1 .Ob2 .obs .d1 .d2 .ds .~ .2 .Is 1 ~

10

Processed: of tou I time " of time Worst Month " of time

EUT-ITS-INTEL no B

Cumulative statistics of Rain Intensity

over period: 01 JON 90 00:00:00 - 30 NOV 90 24:00:00

Lo, Hi signal value in mm/hour Lo<S<Hi . Number of seconds that signal was between Lo and Hi, . #secs>Lo: Number of seconds that signal was higher then Lo, and %time Percentage of time that signal was higher then Lo INF Infinity UNDEF Undefined


0 42847. 1. 86817. .5549 1. 8939. 2. 43970. .281 2. 3799. 3. 35031. .2239 3. 5543. 5. 31232. .1996 5. 7094. 10. 25689. .1642

10. 3926. 15. 18595. .1188 15. 3556. 20. 14669. .0938 20. 2178. 25. 11113. .071 25. 1645. 30. 8935. .0571 30. 1388. 35. 7290. .0466 35. 1344. 40. 5902. .0377 40. 853. 45. 4558. .0291 45. 698. 50. 3705. .0237 50. 655. 55. 3007. .0192 55. 463. 60. 2352. .015 60. 370. 65. 1889. .0121 65. 343. 70. 1519. .0097 70. 205. 75. 1176. .0075 75. 206. 80. 971. .0062 80. 151. 85. 765. .0049 85. 118. 90. 614. .0039 90. 107. 95. 496. .0032 95. 107. 100. 389. .0025

100. 79. 105. 282. .0018 105. 22. 110. 203. .0013 110. 42. 115. 181- .0012 115. 44. 120. 139. .0009 120. 25. 130. 95. .0006 130. 38. 140. 70. .0004 140. 17. 150. 32. .0002 150. 6. 160. 15. .0001 160. 2. 170. 9. .0001 170. 7. 180. 7. 180. 0 190. 0 0 190. 0 200. 0 0 200. 0 200. 0 0

----------------42-------mar'90 feb'91---

EUT-ITS-IN""rEL 770 B

CUmulative statistics of Rain Intensity

over period: 01 MAR 90 00:00:00 - 31 MAY 90 24:00:00 and 01 DEC 90 00:00:00 - 28 FEB 91 24:00:00

Lo , Hi · Signal value in rom/hour · Lo<S<Hi · Number of seconds that signal was between Lo and Hi, · #secs>Lo: Number of seconds that signal was higher then Lo , and %time · Percentage of time that signal was higher then Lo · INF · Infinity · UNDEF · Undefined ·


0 505285. 1. 903149. 5.7842 1. 106469. 2. 397864. 2.5481 2. 62714. 3. 291395. 1.8662 3. 61805. 5. 228681. 1.4646 5. 54456. 10. 166876. 1.0688

10. 27337. 15. 112420. .72 15. 16985. 20. 85083. .5449 20. 11581. 25. 68098. .4361 25. 9206. 30. 56517. • '!3 62 30. 7344. 35. 47311. .303 35. 6326. 40. 39967. .256 40. 5385. 45. 33641. .2155 45. 4889. 50. 28256. .181 50. 4030. 55. 23367. .1497 55. 3615. 60. 19337. .1238 60. 2280. 65. 15722. .1007 65. 2041. 70. 13442. .0861 70. 1362. 75. 11401. .073 75. 1593. 80. 10039. .0643 80. 967. 85. 8446. .0541 85. 983. 90. 7479. .0479 90. 1137. 95. 6496. .0416 95. 982. 100. 5359. .0343

100. 1022. 105. 4377. .028 105. 417. 110. 3355. .0215 110. 409. 115. 2938. .0188 115. 799. 120. 2529. .0162 120. 515. 130. 1730. .0111 130. 483. 140. 1215. .0078 140. 338. 150. 732. .0047 150. 84. 160. 394. .0025 160. 82. 170. 310. .002 170. 106. 180. 228. .0015 180. 21. 190. 122. .0008 190. 14. 200. 101. .0006 200. 87. 200. 87. .0006

----------------43-------mar'OO feb '91---

EUT-ITS-INTEL 770 B

Cumulative Statistics of Rain Intensity


Lo, Hi · Signal value in mm/hour · Lo<S<Hi · Number of seconds that signal was between Lo and Hi, · #secs>Lo: Number of seconds that signal was higher then Lo, and %time Percentage of time that signal was higher then Lo INF · Infinity · UNDEF · Undefined ·


0 548132. 1. 989966. 3.1668 1. 115408. 2. 441834. 1.4134 2. 66513. 3. 326426. 1.0442 3. 67348. 5. 259913. .8314 5. 61550. 10. 192565. .616

10. 31263. 15. 131015. .4191 15. 20541. 20. 99752. .3191 20. 13759. 25. 7921l. .2534 25. 10851. 30. 65452. .2094 30. 8732. 35. 54601. .1747 35. 7670. 40. 45869. .1467 40. 6238. 45. 38199. .1222 45. 5587. 50. 3196l. .1022 50. 4685. 55. 26374. .0844 55. 4078. 60. 21689. .0694 60. 2650. 65. 1761l. .0563 65. 2384. 70. 14961. .0479 70. 1567. 75. 12577. .0402 75. 1799. 80. 11010. .0352 80. 1118. 85. 9211. .0295 85. 110l. 90. 8093. .0259 90. 1244. 95. . 6992. .0224 95. 1089. 100. 5748. .0184

100. 1101. 105. 4659. .0149 105. 439. 110. 3558. .0114 110. 45l. 115. 3119. .01 115. 843. 120. 2668. .0085 120. 540. 130. 1825. .0058 130. 521. 140. 1285. .0041 140. 355. 150. 764. .0024 150. 90. 160. 409. .0013 160. 84. 170. 319. .001 170. 113. 180. 235. .0008 180. 21. 190. 122. .0004 190. 14. 200. 10l. .0003 200. 87. 200. 87. .0003

----------------44-------mar'90feb'91---

--------------------EUT-ITS-INTELn08--

worst Month Cumulative Statistics of Rain Intensity Highest values over monthly cumulative statistics


Lo, Hi : Lo<S<Hi : #secs>Lo: %time INF UNDEF

Lo UNDEF

-INF o. 1. 2. 3. 5.

10. 15. 20. 25. 30. 35. 40. 45. 50. 55. 60. 65. 70. 75. 80. 85. 90. 95.

100. 105. 110. 115. 120. 130. 140. 150. 160. 170. 180. 190. 200.

Signal value in mm/hour Number of seconds that signal was between Lo and Hi, Number of seconds that signal was higher then Lo, and Percentage of time that signal was higher then Lo Infinity Undefined

%time 100. 100.

8.1702 3.8404 2.8004 2.2904 1.6658 1.2234

.9773

.8177

.7061

.6002

.5047

.4115

.3395

.2791

.2303

.1844

.1587

.1341

.1155

.0935

.0826

.0684

.0568

.0476

.0384

.0347

.0296

.0198

.0164

.0134

.0095

.0083

.0068

.0044

.0038

.0032

----------------45------mar'90 feb '91---

SECTION 4




and



"11 GHz Satellite Beacon Data in the Western Pacific Basin"

Contract INTEL·770B 2nd year Analysis Report April 1991 • March 1992


P.o. Box 513, EH 11.03 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands. Telephone: (0)40473417 Fax: (0)40455197

Eindhoven, December 23, 1992

---------------------EUT-ITS-INTEL 7708--

EINDHOVEN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY INTEL 770-B

2nd year data analysis report; April 1991 - March 1992

Table of Contents

1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2


2.1 Beacon attenuation data analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 4

Cumulative statistics, wet, dry, year, worst month (graph) ... . . .. 5 Cumulative statistics, months (graph) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 6 Cumulative statistics, tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 7

2.1.1 Event duration analysis ................................ 12

Fraction of total number of fades at levels (graph) ............ 13 Number of fades/Duration of fades, tables ......•.......... 14

2.1.2 Diurnal characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Diurnal characteristics, wet, dry, year (graph) ............... 21 Diurnal characteristics, wet, dry, year, tables ................ 24

2.2 Correlation data analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Distributions of medium temperature, wet, dry, year (graph) ..... 31 Distributions of medium temperature, wet, dry, year, tables ...... 32

2.3 Sky noise temperature data analysis ............................ 33

Cumulative statistics, wet, dry, year, worst month (graph) ....... 34 Cumulative statistics, months {graph} ..................... 35 Cumulative statistics, tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

2.4 Derived attenuation data analysis ............................... 41

Cumulative distributions of derived attenuation (graph) ........ 42 Cumulative distributions of derived attenuation, tables ......... 43

2.5 Rainfall rate data analysis .................................... 49

Cumulative statistics, wet, dry, year, worst month (graph) ....... 50 Cumulative statistics, months (graph) ..................... 51 Cumulative statistics, tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

---------------1------APR'91 MAR'92-,---

--------------------EUT-ITS-INTEL 770B--

1. Introduction

This 2nd year data analysis report represents the results of the propagation program carried out in Surabaya, Indonesia, under contract INTEL 770B for INTELSAT, Washington D.C. The measuring period is from April 1991 until and including March 1992.

All statistics in this report have been normalized to defined time (DT= 100%).

DT: Defined Time TT: Total Time UT: Undefined Time (= TT - DT)

The undefined time in a period (Le. a month) is the time that the signal has the value undefined (UNDEF). A signal has the value UNDEF over a certain period of time if it is not known whether or not an event occurred in that period, or if it is known that an event occurred in that period but the signal was not measured in that period. Periods in which the signal was not measured but of which is known that no event occurred, are included in the defined time (DT).

Two seasons have been defined in the measuring period, a wet and a dry season. The dry season is the period june 1991 until and including november 1991. The wet season consists the other months of the measuring period: april 1991, may 1991, december 1991, january 1992, february 1992 and march 1992.

The follOWing defined time has been reached for the beacon, radiometry and rain-channels in percentage of time and number of days:

BEACON RADIOMETER RAIN BEACON RADIOMETER RAIN % % % #days #days #days

APR 91 99.4884 99.4884 99.4884 29.8465 29.8465 29.8465 MAY 91 99.1786 99.1786 99.1786 30.7454 30.7454 30.7454 JUN 91 98.3989 98.3989 98.3989 29.5197 29.5197 29.5197 JUL91 94.0498 94.0498 94.0498 29.1554 29.1554 29.1554 AUG 91 98.0776 98.0776 98.0776 30.4041 30.4041 30.4041 SEP 91 88.7090 88.7090 88.7090 26.6127 26.6127 26.6127 OCT 91 98.7265 98.7265 98.7265 30.6052 30.6052 30.6052 NOV 91 95.4576 95.4576 95.4576 28.6373 28.6373 28.6373 DEC 91 98.2625 98.2625 98.2625 30.4614 30.4614 30.4614 JAN 92 96.5627 96.5710 98.3621 29.9344 29.9370 30.4923 FEB 92 97.3675 97.3591 100.0000 28.2366 28.2341 29.0000 MAR 92 98.7997 98.7997 100.0000 30.6279 30.6279 31.0000 WET 98.2799 98.2800 99.2052 179.8521 179.8523 181.5455 DRY 95.5925 95.5925 95.5925 174.9343 174.9343 174.9343 YEAR 96.9362 96.9363 97.3989 354.7865 354.7866 356.4798

---------------2------APR'91 MAR'92'--

--------------------EUT-ITS-INTEL 770B--


M. Albers G. Brussaard J. Dijk C. Grolleman K. Liu C. Sriwedari

(EUT) (EUT) (EUT) (EUT) (ITS) (ITS)

Hendry K. Holleboom A. Mulyanto H. v. Nigtevecht A. Purnomo B. Stal L. Wijdemans

(ITS) (EUT) (ITS) (EUT) (ITS) (EUT) (EUT)

--------------3------APR'91-MAR'92--

---------~------~·------EUT-ITS-INTEL 7708--


2.1. Beacon attenuation data analysis

GRAPHICAL PRESENTATION

Cumulative statistics for Wet season, Dry season Year 91/92, Worst month .................................. 5 Cumulative statistics of months of year 91/92 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 6

NUMERICAL PRESENTATION

Comparitive table for Wet season, Dry season Year 91/92, Worst month .................................. 7 Wet season . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 8 Dry season ............................................ 9 Worst month ........................................... 1 0 Year 91/92 ............................................ 11

--------------4------APR'91-MAR'92'--

3r~··········'··············~··········7········"·'·"· ............ ,~ :3

24 .. · .. ·, .. ,+· .. ·· .... ·····+ .. · .... , .. ~· ........ ·,· ...... · .. · .... ~ .. ·1 jXl III

~2~ ........... + .............. ~ .......... ~ ........... , ............... + .... \ ~2 ..

21~ .......... + ............. + .......... ~ ........... ; ............... + .......... ~ 2,/f· .. · .. · .... .,. .. · .. ···· .. · .. ·i;;::"."",

1~ ........... + .............. + .. " ...... ~ .......... j ............... ~ ......... + .... ~ 19-.......... .,. ............... , .. .

1'~ ............ , ..... , ......... + .......... ~."", .... i ....... , ...... ~ ......... ,' .. , ....... ~

1 9:,·::,·::.·:.·':,'::,·::.':.·::.·::.·:.·:,,":,·::,·:.!~:.': .. ":.'::,'::,':,'::,'::'.::.':.l::: .. ":::"+: ... "'''.'' .. i:·\ .... "'~·LI ••.•• ·t=1 OfF ....... , .. -i-.............. .; .......... + .... , ..... ,." ...... , .... ! .... " ...... i-........... ! ....... ······A~:tj

f---.-j

1~ ........ + ............. ; ..... ..

. ( 01 . ( 02 . (05 .!l1 . 2 5 .1 '. '2 .Is 1 2 5 .1 Wet season " of time " of time

en excess attenuation

3r

2 III ~2 ....

2

1

H

1,

~ ~ ........

/

:;

{

. {01 . ( 02 . ( 05 1 2 5 .1 .2.~ ~ " of time Worst month " of time

Excess attenuation Months of Year 91/92 1· .. · ............ · .. ,i ........ ···· .. ·· .. ·· .... ·· .. ··l· .................... r ...... ·--·=.:.· .. ·f··'··.;;.::.:·· .. ·~ .... :.:::"·= .... ·= .... ·= .... L' .... L= .. · ...... ·' .. ······· · .......... ·T ........ ····· .. · .. · .......... : ...... ·· .... · .. ·· .. · .. ~· ...................... ~ .... ···· ........ · .. · .... · .... ·1

! Ii: . ~ .... u~~~·······~········ .. ····················t·· .. · .. ···············~··· .. ·····~············t·····················-·· .. ····i

2 i j i : i ~ ....................... ; ......... " ...... " ............ < ...... \.............. .... ........... ,J ..... Jevel ... of..,reli.abi.lity .............. J .............................. !

: : : : : :

:::::::::~+~::.:.;:;.:;::.:.:::± ..................... ; .......... :~ ........ ;"" ............... ;-:-, ........... , .... "" ... " ... -\ ....... l. ................... i ............................. 1.. .................... ; ...................................................... J ~ , 1 1 l 1

: 1:! i ......... , ........................... , ....................... , ....................... j .............................. ,

j j1-Jan92j .

1! 1 4 -apr911 . ..... ----- .. ........ ·····T····--········_--·····l··············· __ ······1······························1

: 1 i i ! . :

;\-1-1 : ~ :

................... : .. " ................ j .............................. ,

I

~

r 1 .1"

Processed: 99.4884 % of total time % of time

----------------~----EUT-ITS-INTEL 770 B--

Excess attenuation [dB]

% Wet season Dry season Year 91/92 Worst month

0.00100 (24.4) 0.00200 (23.5) 0.00300 22.7 0.00400 22j 0.00500 21.6 0.00600 21.2 0.00700 20.7 0.00800 20.2 0.00900 19.7 0.01000 19.3 0.02000 16.2 0.03000 13.3 (29.3) 0.04000 12.1 23.3 0.05000 11.2 21.7 0.06000 (29.2) 10.3 20.2 0.07000 (24.3) 9.4 19.1 0.08000 22.9 8.7 18.1 0.09000 22.1 7.7 17.1 0.10000 21.1 6.7 16.1 0.20000 15.0 2.2 10.9 21.25 0.30000 11.8 1.0 8.4 18.39 0.40000 10.0 0.7 6.7 15.40 0.50000 8.5 0.5 5.5 13.47 0.60000 7.4 0.4 4.6 11.82 0.70000 6.6 0.4 3.8 10.09 0.80000 5.9 0.3 3.3 8.95 0.90000 5.3 0.3 2.8 8.04 1.00000 4.8 0.2 2.4 7.13 2.00000 2.0 0.0 0.9 3.69 3.00000 1.2 0.0 0.5 1.96 4.00000 0.8 Q.Q Q.4 1j9 5.00000 0.5 0.0 0.2 0.83

(Numbers in parentheses indicate a value above the level of reliability)

--------------7------APR'91-MAR'92'--

EUT-I1S-INTEL 770 B

WET SEASON

Cumulative Statistics of Excess attenuation over period: 01 APR 91 00:00:00- 31 MAR 92 24:00:00

La, Hi : Signal value in dB La < = S < Hi: Number of seconds that signal was between La and Hi, #secs> La: Number of seconds that signal was higher then La, and %time : Percentage of time that signal was higher then La INF : Infinity UNDEF: Undefined

Lo Lo<=S<Hi Hi #secs> La %time

UNDEF 271971 -INF 15811200 101.7502 -INF 13621856 0 15539229 100.0

0 1405694 1 1917373 12.3389 1 199520 2 511679 3.2928 2 78082 3 312159 2.0088 3 48439 4 234077 1.5064 4 36211 5 185638 1.1946 5 27048 6 149427 0.9616 6 21871 7 122379 0.7875 7 15828 8 100508 0.6468 8 12420 9 84680 0.5449 9 10483 10 72260 0.465 10 9076 11 61777 0.3976 11 7470 12 52701 0.3391 12 5661 13 45231 0.2911 13 4419 14 39570 0.2546 14 4023 15 35151 0.2262 15 3425 16 31128 0.2003 16 2586 17 27703 0.1783 17 2487 18 25117 0.1616 18 2466 19 22630 0.1456 19 2456 20 20164 0.1298 20 1929 21 17708 0.114 21 1694 22 15779 0.1015 22 1792 23 14085 0.0906 23 1166 24 12293 0.0791 24 683 25 11127 0.0716

--------------8------APR'91 MAR'92'---

EUT-ITS-INTEL no B

DRY SEASON

Cumulative Statistics of Excess attenuation over period: 01 JUN 91 00:00:00- 30 NOV 91 24:00:00

La, Hi : Signal value in dB La < = S < Hi: Number of seconds that signal was between La and Hi, #secs> La: Number of seconds that signal was higher then La, and %time : Percentage of time that signal was higher then La INF : Infinity UNDEF : Undefined

La La< =S<Hi Hi #secs> La %time

UNDEF 696874 -INF 15811200 104.6107 -INF 14910024 0 15114326 100.0

0 158836 1 204302 1.3517 1 14054 2 45466 0.3008 2 6215 3 31412 0.2078 3 3706 4 25197 0.1667 4 2739 5 21491 0.1422 5 2532 6 18752 0.1241 6 1518 7 16220 0.1073 7 1503 8 14702 0.0973 8 1775 9 13199 0.0873 9 1851 10 11424 0.0756 10 1727 11 9573 0.0633 11 1724 12 7846 0.0519 12 1341 13 6122 0.0405 13 815 14 4781 0.0316 14 477 15 3966 0.0262 15 394 16 3489 0.0231 16 474 17 3095 0.0205 17 523 18 2621 0.0173 18 458 19 2098 0.0139 19 384 20 .1640 0.0109 20 281 21 1256 0.0083 21 336 22 975 0.0065 22 252 23 639 0.0042 23 181 24 387 0.0026 24 118 25 206 0.0014

--------------9------APR'91-MAR'92--

--------------------EUT-ITS-INTEL 7708--

WORST MONTH

Cumulative Statistics of Excess attenuation over period: 01 APR 91 00:00:00· 31 MAR 92 24:00:00

La, Hi : Signal value in dB La < = S < Hi: Number of seconds that signal was between La and Hi, #secs> La: Number of seconds that signal was higher then La, and %time : Percentage of time that signal was higher then La INF : Infinity

La La< =S<Hi Hi #secs>Lo %time

-INF 0 100.0 0 1 15.5563 1 2 4.3522 2 3 2.9606 3 4 2.3196 4 5 1.8639 5 6 1.4932 6 7 1.1953 7 8 1.0155 8 9 0.9042 9 10 0.7941 10 11 0.7054 11 12 0.6476 12 13 0.5891 13 14 0.5256 14 15 0.472 15 16 0.4165 16 17 0.3788 17 18 0.3528 18 19 0.3174 19 20 0.2674 20 21 0.2188 21 22 0.2025 22 23 0.1911 23 24 0.173 24 25 0.1563

--------------10------APR'91-MAR'92,--

EUT-ITS-INTEL 770 B

YEAR 91/92

Cumulative Statistics of Excess attenuation over period: 01 APR 91 00:00:00- 31 MAR 92 24:00:00

Lo, Hi : Signal value in dB Lo< =S< Hi: Number of seconds that signal was between Lo and Hi, #secs> Lo: Number of seconds that signal was higher then La, and %time : Percentage of time that signal was higher then La INF : Infinity UNDEF : Undefined

La La<=S<Hi Hi #secs> La %time

UNDEF 968845 -INF 31622400 103.1606 -INF 28531880 0 30653555 100.0

0 1564530 1 2121675 6.9215 1 213574 2 557145 1.8176 2 84297 3 343571 1.1208 3 52145 4 259274 0.8458 4 38950 5 207129 0.6757 5 29580 6 168179 0.5486 6 23389 7 138599 0.4521 7 17331 8 115210 0.3758 8 14195 9 97879 0.3193 9 12334 10 83684 0.273 10 10803 11 71350 0.2328 11 9194 12 60547 0.1975 12 7002 13 51353 0.1675 13 5234 14 44351 0.1447 14 4500 15 39117 0.1276 15 3819 16 34617 0.1129 16 3060 17 30798 0.1005 17 3010 18 27738 0.0905 18 2924 19 24728 0.0807 19 2840 20 .21804 0.0711 20 2210 21 18964 0.0619 21 2030 22 16754 0.0547

·22 2044 23 14724 0.048 23 1347 24 12680 0.0414 24 801 25 11333 0.037

--------------11------APR'91-MAR'92--

----------~---------EUT-ITS-INTEL 770 B--


2.1.1. Beacon attenuation Event duration


Fraction of total number of fades at levels ...................... 13


Wet season Duration of fades at levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Number of fades at levels ............................. 15

Dry season Duration of fades at levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Number of fades at levels ................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Year 91/92 Duration of fades at levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Number of fades at levels .......................... . .. 19

---------------12------APR'91-MAR'92r!:---

..... CAl

1ft (I) '0' W .... ... 0

....

.::

...

.... 0 0

§o .... ... .<Al0 ., ... .00

.00

11\ Q) '0' ct!

.... o·

Excesa attenuation

Wet season category

Excess attenua1Ion

;0 :::::::::::::::::::::::1:::::::::::::: ......... + ............... . 3 -t>. 2 dB i i ':.; 0 .. ~i~ .. ~.~.+ ... -.-...... -........ l ....................... t ................... -j--......... .

. ::::::D1.s. .. IiB. .. j ....................... ~ ...................... + ...................... ) ....................... ~......... . --£20 dB ; ; : : :

::~~I:=l-=:lr:l:l .00

.00

Year 91192 category

...................... , ....................... , ... t'._=·······i,········""~"'" -t>. 2 dB i .

.=::!'! ... ? ... ~.~ ... L. ..................... , ......... \ ............... .:. ........................... .;. .. ,~ ---C1O dB i i

.::::::fl1.S. .. dB. .. J. ...................... l .......... ~··.·· ..... i .............. ··· .. ····+······\········ .... ·:!:.:-:~"<.: ......... ,;, --£20 dB ! !

..=:-:F.25 .. dB .. j ....................... L ............. I,. ..... , ........................ + ........... \, ......... ! ............ \ ! !

1 1 ...................... ; ....................... j .................... \ .. + ............................ ; ..................... 'It + .................... ,,;.! .00

l .00~ ______ ~ ______ ~ ______ ~~ ____ ~~ ______ i-______ ~

ca tegory

EUT-ITS-INTEL 770 B

WET SEASON

Event duration analysis of Excess Attenuation Total duration of fades above level (dB) for duration categories Over period: 01 APR 91 00:00:00 . 31 MAY 91 24:00:00 ,

01 DEC 91 00:00:00 - 31 MAR 92 24:00:00

Level duration categories

dB <10s 10-30s 30·60s 1-3m 3-10m 10·30m >30m summed (1 ) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

1 33240 31905 19146 28778 39375 74868 263959 491271 2 19283 14098 6888 13409 24280 72304 154691 304953 3 11531 8907 5465 10536 26181 58217 109615 230452 4 8700 7214 4335 8010 30829 35533 88339 182960 5 6945 5110 2835 8219 19389 39703 65169 147370 6 5194 4026 2940 8635 14288 36810 49147 121040 7 4295 3200 2313 4645 13670 34630 36944 99697 8 3218 2234 1757 4823 10820 27624 33723 84199 9 2453 2317 1643 3553 9924 23889 28059 71838 10 2386 2030 1198 4383 8663 20261 22464 61385 11 1889 1719 1177 3628 8355 14604 21033 52405 12 1462 1385 917 2282 7257 13172 18597 45072 13 1153 696 679 1886 7904 11071 16181 39570 14 969 919 494 2240 7139 8539 14851 35151 15 988 984 798 1558 5534 6694 14572 31128 16 689 492 472 1492 4275 6180 14103 27703 17 592 531 620 1559 5167 8087 8561 25117 18 631 679 580 1350 4184 8888 6318 22630 19 709 677 448 1077 4116 7011 6126 20164 20 735 385 428 754 3484 7934 3988 17708 21 416 368 245 1706 2814 10230 0 15779 22 527 471 454 1082 2515 9036 0 14085 23 394 359 448 817 2506 7769 0 12293 24 362 219 352 793 1763 7638 0 11127 25 107 236 277 647 2273 6904 0 10444 26 41 326 316 728 2540 6209 0 10160 27 28 346 590 641 2239 6161 0 10005 28 19 611 531 448 2163 6143 0 9915 29 34 727 568 578 1868 6025 0 9800 30 70 389 334 132 1799 5358 0 8082

--------------14------APR'91-MAR'92--

EUT-ITS-INTEL 770 B

WET SEASON

Event duration analysis of Excess Attenuation Number of fades above level (dB) for duration categories Over period: 01 APR 91 00:00:00 - 31 MAY 91 24:00:00 ,

01 DEC 91 00:00:00 - 31 MAR 92 24:00:00


dB <10s 10-30s 30-60s i-3m 3-10m 10-30m > 30m summed (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

1 6711 1726 .447 283 122 69 67 9425 2 5274 826 163 127 73 67 44 6574 3 3074 525 127 100 72 56 33 3987 4 2440 421 101 79 84 32 30 3187 5 1905 297 67 75 59 38 23 2464 6 1430 239 73 82 43 37 17 1921 7 1167 187 54 45 42 32 12 1539 8 886 138 43 40 32 25 11 1175 9 712 130 39 33 28 23 9 974 10 674 123 27 39 26 20 7 916 11 516 93 27 38 23 15 7 719 12 451 82 22 20 21 13 6 615 13 335 43 17 17 24 10 6 452 14 272 52 12 21 23 8 6 394 15 272 55 17 14 16 6 6 386 16 230 31 11 13 12 6 6 309 17 177 30 14 15 14 8 4 262 18 189 36 14 13 12 8 3 275 19 222 39 11 10 12 6 3 303 20 223 24 10 7 12 7 2 285 21 133 22 6 14 9 8 0 192 22 160 31 9 11 7 7 0 225 23 134 20 10 9 7 6 0 186 24 104 12 8 7 5 6 0 142 25 36 13 7 6. 6 5 0 73 26 18 18 8 7 6 5 0 62 27 9 21 14 6 6 5 0 61 28 4 35 14 5 6 5 0 69 29 6 42 14 6 5 5 0 78 30 10 22 8 1 4 5 0 50

--------------15------APR'91-MAR'92--

EUT-ITS-INTEL no B

DRY SEASON

Event duration analysis of Excess Attenuation Total duration of fades above level (dB) for duration categories Over period: 01 JUN 91 00:00:00 - 30 NOV 91 24:00:00


dB <10s 10-30s 30-60s 1-3m 3-10m 10-30m > 30m summed (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

1 4927 3748 1471 1855 2630 7732 20898 43261 2 2205 1478 599 776 3690 4904 17132 30784 3 1123 788 425 590 3355 2643 16021 24945 4 724 555 442 833 2751 1583 14568 21456 5 731 709 383 778 950 4103 11091 18745 6 519 345 63 228 2523 5554 6984 16216 7 288 270 361 326 2680 3952 6821 14698 8 386 463 462 869 1934 2723 6358 13195 9 577 390 152 1060 1670 4364 3207 11420 10 454 444 285 1217 2436 1714 3019 9569 11 480 308 325 601 2411 734 2983 7842 12 449 250 386 487 1036 603 2907 6118 13 310 281 31 551 789 0 2815 4777 14 188 144 41 455 440 0 2694 3962 15 106 149 35 205 1305 1685 0 3485 16 150 122 109 87 2623 0 0 3091 17 186 148 118 73 2094 0 0 2619 18 186 90 81 502 1237 0 0 2096 19 218 109 100 301 910 0 0 1638 20 108 77 151 348 570 0 0 1254 21 93 222 37 142 479 0 0 973 22 102 141 43 146 205 0 0 637 23 109 29 247 0 0 0 0 385 24 61 101 42 0 0 0 0 204 25 31 23 32 0 0 0 0 86 26 17 47 0 0 0 0 0 64 27 17 38 0 0 0 0 0 55 28 13 36 0 0 0 0 0 49 29 13 34 0 0 0 0 0 47 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

--------------16------APR'91-MAR'92'--

EUT-ITS-INTEL 770 B

DRY SEftSON

Event duration analysis of Excess Attenuation Number of fades above level (dB) for duration categories Over period: 01 JUN 91 00:00:00 - 30 NOV 91 24:00:00


dB <10s 10-3Os 30-60s 1-3m 3-10m 10-30m > 30m summed (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

1 1105 220 36 18 8 9 5 1401 2 604 87 15 10 9 5 4 734 3 310 44 10 6 10 2 4 386 4 195 32 10 8 9 2 4 260 5 192 40 9 9 3 4 3 260 6 152 22 2 2 7 4 2 191 7 86 18 8 3 8 4 2 129 8 99 28 10 6 6 3 2 154 9 152 23 3 10 6 4 1 199 10 127 24 7 10 6 2 1 177 11 132 19 7 7 8 1 1 175 12 121 15 9 4 4 1 1 155 13 82 16 1 5 2 0 1 107 14 60 9 1 4 1 0 1 76 15 28 7 1 2 3 2 0 43 16 43 7 3 1 7 0 0 61' 17 46 11 3 1 6 0 0 67 18 57 6 2 4 4 0 0 73 19 58 6 2 2 3 0 0 71 20 38 4 3 3 2 0 0 50 21 31 12 1 2 2 0 0 48 22 25 7 1 2 1 0 0 36 23 28 2 6 0 0 0 0 36 24 19 6 1 0 0 0 0 26 25 7 1 1 0 0 0 0 9 26 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 4 27 3 2 0 0 0 0 0 5 28 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 4 29 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 4 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

-------------- 7------APR'91-MAR'92'---

EUT-ITS-INTEL 770 B

YEAR 91/92

Event duration analysis of Excess Attenuation Total duration of fades above level (dB) for duration categories Over period: 01 APR 91 00:00:00 - 31 MAR 92 24:00:00


dB <10s 10-30s 30-60s 1-3m 3-10m 10-30m >30m summed (1 ) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

1 38167 35653 20617 30633 42005 82600 284857 534532 2 21488 15576 7487 14185 27970 77208 171823 335737 3 12654 9695 5890 11126 29536 60860 125636 255397 4 9424 7769 4777 8843 33580 37116 102907 204416 5 7676 5819 3218 8997 20339 43806 76260 166115 6 5713 4371 3003 8863 16811 42364 56131 137256 7 4583 3470 2674 4971 16350 38582 43765 114395 8 3604 2697 2219 5692 12754 30347 40081 97394 9 3030 2707 1795 4613 11594 28253 31266 83258 10 2840 2474 1483 5600 11099 21975 25483 70954 11 2369 2027 1502 4229 10766 15338 24016 60247 12 1911 1635 1303 2769 8293 13775 21504 51190 13 1463 977 710 2437 8693 11071 18996 44347 14 1157 1063 535 2695 7579 8539 17545 39113 15 1094 1133 833 1763 6839 8379 14572 34613 16 839 614 581 1579 6898 6180 14103 30794 17 778 679 738 1632 7261 8087 8561 27736 18 817 769 661 1852 5421 8888 6318 24726 19 927 786 548 1378 5026 7011 6126 21802 20 843 462 579 1102 4054 7934 3988 18962 21 509 590 282 1848 3293 10230 0 16752 22 629 612 497 1228 2720 9036 0 14722 23 503 388 695 817 2506 7769 0 12678 24 423 320 394 793 1763 7638 0 11331 25 138 259 309 647 2273 6904 0 10530 26 58 373 316 728 2540 6209 0 10224 27 45 384 590 641 2239 6161 0 10060 28 32 647 531 448 2163 6143 0 9964 29 47 761 568 578 1868 6025 0 9847 30 70 389 334 132 1799 5358 a 8082

-------'-'---------18------APR'91-MAR'92'--

EUT-ITS-INTEL 770 B

YEAR 91/92

Event duration analysis of Excess Attenuation Number of fades above level (dB) for duration categories Over period: 01 APR 91 00:00:00 - 31 MAR 92 24:00:00


dB <105 10-30s 30-60s 1-3m 3-10m 10-3Om >30m summed (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

1 7816 1946 483 301 130 78 72 10826 2 5878 913 178 137 82 72 48 7308 3 3384 569 137 106 82 58 37 4373 4 2635 453 111 87 93 34 34 3447 5 2097 337 76 84 62 42 26 2724 6 1582 261 75 84 50 41 19 2112 7 1253 205 62 48 50 36 14 1668 8 985 166 53 46 38 28 13 1329 9 864 153 42 43 34 27 10 1173 10 801 147 34 49 32 22 8 1093 11 648 112 34 45 31 16 8 894 12 572 97 31 24 25 14 7 770 13 417 59 18 22 26 10 7 559 14 332 61 13 25 24 8 7 470 15 300 62 18 16 19 8 6 429 16 273 38 14 14 19 6 6 370 17 223 41 17 16 20 8 4 329 18 246 42 16 17 16 8 3 348 19 280 45 13 12 15 6 3 374 20 261 28 13 10 14 7 2 335 21 164 34 7 16 11 8 0 240 22 185 38 10 13 8 7 0 261 23 162 22 16 9 7 6 0 222 24 123 18 9 7 5 6 0 168 25 43 14 8 6 6 5 0 82 26 20 20 8 7 6 5 0 66 27 12 23 14 6 6 5 0 66 28 6 37 14 5 6 5 0 73 29 8 44 14 6 5 5 0 82 30 10 22 8 1 4 5 0 50

-------------19------APR'91-MAR'92~-

--------------------EUT-ITS-INTEL 770 B--


2.1.2. Beacon attenuation Diurnal characteristics


Wet season ....................................... 21 Dry season ....................................... 22 Year 91/92 ........................................ 23


Wet season ....................................... 24 Dry season ....................................... 26 Year 91/92 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... 28

--------------20------APR'91-MAR'92'----

-----------------EUT-ITS-INTEL 770B

100

-0 co S?N

~ '<;t ..- -0 hours (GMT) ~

Wet Season 1991-1992

--------------------------- 21

N N

20

dB

----- APR'91 - MAR'92 -

-----------------EUT-ITS-INTEL 7708

-Cco

hours (GMT) ~ ~ 'q ~-C

Dry Season 1991-1992 N N

dB

-------------- 22 ----- APR'91 - MAR'92 -

------------------ EUT-ITS-INTEL 770B ---

20

a ..... N

..... """ hours (GMT) ..... ~ co .--

Year 1991-1992

--------------------------23 ----- APR'91 - MAR'92 -

EUT-ITS-INTEL 770B

WET SEASON Diurnal Characteristics of Excess Attenuation on Hourly Basis over period 1 APR 91 00:00:00 - 31 MAY 91 24:00:00

1 DEC 91 00:00:00 - 31 MAR 92 24:00:00

Hour Excess Attenuation in categories (dB) 0-1 1-2 2-3 3-4 4-5 5-6 6-7 7-8

0 001.0593 001.0615 001.3014 001.2177 001.2555 0001.225 001.3135 001.0841 1 001.1166 000.6024 000.5203 000.3649 000.2613 000.0619 000.0058 000.0000 2 0001.637 000.8819 000.4397 000.2826 000.2775 000.2347 000.1733 000.1512 3 001.5679 000.7629 000.1452 000.0798 000.0541 000.0491 000.0444 0000.018 4 001.8808 0000.775 000.7875 000.8593 000.8173 000.6643 0000.497 000.3333 5 002.9375 0002.327 002.5094 002.5533 002.5785 002.6397 002.1251 001.7758 6 003.8045 003.5597 003.5298 003.7363 0004.032 004.2097 004.1795 004.2012 7 005.1391 005.9803 006.8106 007.6394 008.3419 008.3561 008.3721 008.5125 8 005.9132 005.6783 006.7782 007.1613 007.8919 008.5168 009.4087 00010.99 9 006.8095 009.1414 010.3234 010.1172 010.2173 009.8064 009.5648 009.0661

10 008.7184 011.7363 013.4375 0014.287 014.1146 014.4269 015.0865 016.2252 11 008.4599 009.7638 009.4157 009.7639 0010.491 00011. 57 012.0784 OIl. 4314 12 007.7824 008.0087 008.1127 007.7967 008.1483 008.6372 008.3524 008.5666 13 007.1716 006.5269 006.3761 006.2227 006.1128 005.8294 005.9907 006.2773 14 007.1739 0007.219 007.0499 007.2813 007.0113 006.8527 006.6824 006.1812 15 006.3815 005.8621 006.5996 006.5597 005.7109 005.6411 005.6835 005.7137 16 0004.644 005.1203 004.7377 004.5385 0004.184 003.5521 003.5642 003.3694 17 003.4376 002.4986 001.4948 001. 2854 000.8866 000.5211 000.2703 000.1061 18 002.8597 003.2486 001.2028 000.6436 0000.265 000.1244 000.0041 000.0000 19 002.6647 002.5773 000.9401 0000.542 000.4441 000.2851 000.1273 0000.026 20 002.6787 001.8318 002.1689 001.6508 001. 2052 0001.102 001. 0046 0001. 042 21 002.5496 001.9206 001.8098 001.8814 001.9522 001.9263 002.0051 00001.99 22 001.9758 001.5508 002.0414 002.1224 002.3952 002.3062 002.0528 001.6226 23 001.6367 001.3648 001.4675 001. 4128 001.3517 001. 4617 001.4137 001.3163

8-9 9-10 10-11 11-12 12-13 13-14 14-15 15-16 0 000.5363 000.3333 000.0767 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 1 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 2 000.0488 000.0014 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 3 000.0012 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 4 000.0844 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 5 001.7859 001.8994 001.9853 001.9045 001.6762 001. 6263 001.7776 001. 7784 6 004.1426 0003.775 003.6196 003.4066 003.0775 002.5674 001. 9649 001. 2964 7 008.6169 008.0633 007.4155 006.1656 004.7939 003.8613 003.2297 002.4755 8 012.5241 014.1532 016.1241 018.4163 020.7827 023.0527 025.1318 027.1718 9 008.7691 008.4984 008.3918 008.5759 008.8906 009.3157 009.8274 010.3384

10 017.0567 017.3816 017.4678 017.9603 018.1969 018.6391 0018.681 019.1427 11 0011.146 011.1954 OIl. 5722 012.3158 012.8174 013.2742 013.7083 014.0582 12 008.7204 008.5221 008.3739 008.1237 008.0122 007.9425 008.0901 008.3906 13 0005.743 0005.164 004.3624 003.2706 00002.74 002.6773 002.3395 001. 4625 14 006.0082 005.5057 004.8702 004.2209 003.5468 002.9586 002.3164 001.8175 15 005.9844 006.4247 006.6694 007.1906 007.9161 008.3593 008.7816 000008.7 16 003.0392 002.8658 002.7869 0002.941 003.0015 002.6288 002.3366 002.2605 17 000.0024 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 18 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 19 000.0036 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 20 001.1676 001. 3165 001.4988 0001. 573 001.4952 001.3067 0000.922 000.6677 21 002.0879 002.3805 002.4914 002.3451 001.9288 001. 3425 000.8701 000.4397 22 001.1664 001.1547 001. 0416 000.7472 000.5878 000.2659 0000.023 000.0000 23 0001. 365 001.3653 001.2522 0000.843 000.5364 000.1816 000.0000 000.0000

24 ----- APR'91 - MAR'92 -

EUT-ITS-INTEL 770B

WET SEASON Diurnal Characteristics of Excess Attenuation on Hourly Basis over period 1 APR 91 00:00:00 - 31 MAY 91 24:00:00

1 DEC 91 00:00:00 - 31 MAR 92 24:00:00


16-17 17-18 18-19 19-20 20-21 21-22 22-23 23-24 0 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 1 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 2 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 3 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 4 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 5 001.3371 001.3175 001. 4425 001.4116 0001.103 000.3207 000.0000 000.0000 6 000.7546 000.4284 000.3046 000.1105 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 7 001. 6411 000.8608 000.5555 000.2361 00000.04 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 8 0029.189 030.1499 030.9501 032.1595 0032.878 032.5146 032.5331 032.7208 9 0010.825 010.9283 010.2898 009.7051 008.9382 008.6641 0008.561 008.3635

10 019.7927 019.7712 020.1362 021.1735 022.1454 0022.741 021.9882 021. 6546 11 014.2868 014.6789 0015.334 015.8638 0017.082 018.6686 020.2631 021. 9595 12 0008.605 008.7015 008.6189 008.6151 008.8582 009.1131 009.5313 009.9621 13 001.0221 000.9215 0000.878 000.9394 0001.023 000.9491 000.9129 000.6015 14 001.3481 001.2488 001.0258 000.5074 000.0286 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 15 008.7003 008.9035 008.5293 007.4195 006.2007 005.6756 005.6139 0004.705 16 001. 8133 001. 6449 001.7605 001.8436 001. 7031 001. 3532 000.5966 0000.033 17 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 18 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 19 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 20 000.5348 0000.392 000.1702 000.0151 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 21 000.1502 000.0525 000.0045 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 22 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 23 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000

----------------------------25 ----- APR'91 - MAR'92 -

EUT-ITS-INTEL 770B


Hour Excess Attenuation in categories (dB) 0-1 1-2 2-3 3 4 4 5 5-6 6-7 7 8

0 002.6089 0000.044 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 1 001.. 7484 004.1965 003.2695 001.2581 000.2885 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 2 002.2971. 003.1.166 003.9698 004.7704 005.3278 004.4475 003.6067 003.2581 3 001.1845 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 4 000.0832 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 5 000.0832 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 6 0000.881 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 7 001.. 7503 000.2309 0000.226 000.1151 000.0419 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 8 003.7004 0007.333 009.4423 009.5011 008.9061 007.7538 006.3379 005.2646 9 004.4038 002.1423 002.1966 001.4764 001.2005 001.071.9 000.7398 000.5033

10 006.3979 002.9231 001.7796 001.1311 001.0237 001.. 0772 001..1.406 001.0067 1.1 008.2128 008.3601 007.5831 0007.235 007.4124 007.2419 007.8545 008.1554 12 008.0126 015.6842 021.8706 026.2492 029.8683 033.3991. 037.2626 040.2394 13 008.4072 015.3873 012.3201 009.5805 007.4124 005.9407 005.1048 004.0403 14 007.1027 000.7478 000.0032 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 15 004.971.6 009.5984 010.1522 0010.279 008.9898 009.3643 009.3835 009.4613 16 005.3803 009.1.453 009.6683 0008.878 008.6687 008.5804 008.4155 008.1894 17 004.9559 0003.882 002.5468 0002.405 002.2661 001.. 8931 000.9371. 000.5373 18 005.9696 005.9979 005.7367 006.9254 007.4171 007.2046 007.2873 007.4956 19 005.7307 007.1724 008.4203 009.9893 OIL 1256 012.0254 011.9297 011.8487 20 004.4762 001.51.32 000.1273 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 21 003.2403 000.241.9 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 22 003.9936 000.2881 000.0159 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 23 004.4077 001.9949 000.6717 000.2064 000.0512 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000

8 9 9-10 10-11 1.1 12 12 -1.3 1.3 -1.4 14-15 15 16 0 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 1 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 2 002.5381 001.6807 000.7521 000.0:255 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 3 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 4 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 5 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 6 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 7 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 8 004.2655 002.8186 002.0161 001.. 4275 000.9474 000.5438 000.151.3 000.0000 9 000.2955 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000

10 000.7955 000.3239 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 1.1 007.5157 007.2567 006.8735 007.4305 007.7589 008.5756 009.1276 008.2259 12 043.6624 048.8883 0055.364 060.7443 066.5142 072.7672 076.6515 082.2585 1.3 002.6744 0001.987 00001.64 001.1.471. 0000.098 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 14 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 15 009.6219 010.0228 009.7671 009.8776 010.5848 009.6005 007.7408 005.1304 16 008.0461 006.8277 005.9438 005.7991 002.6299 000.0418 000.0000 000.0000 17 000.4697 000.4114 000.2194 0000.102 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 18 007.9855 008.5259 008.3255 006.3344 004.2633 001.. 6942 000.2017 000.0000 19 012.1297 0011.. 257 009.0985 007.1119 007.2035 006.7768 006.1271 004.3852 20 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 21 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 22 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 23 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000

26 APR'91 - MAR'92 -

EUT-ITS-INTEL 770B



16-17 17 18 18-19 19-20 20-21 21-22 22 23 23-24 0 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 1 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 2 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 3 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 4 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 5 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 6 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 7 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 8 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 9 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000

10 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 11 007.9806 008.3174 009.2946 010.6707 012.5796 012.6154 012.3631 013.1783 12 0085.622 088.9355 090.2765 089.2073 087.2611 087.1795 087.3239 086.3049 13 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 14 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 15 002.9725 000.5723 000.0953 0000.122 000.1592 000.2051 0000.313 000.5168 16 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 17 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 18 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 19 003.4249 002.1747 000.3337 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 20 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 21 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 22 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 23 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000

----------------------------27 ----- APR'91 - MAR'92 -

EUT-ITS-INTEL 770B

YEAR Diurnal Characteristics of Excess Attenuation on Hourly Basis over period 1 APR 91 00:00:00 - 31 MAR 92 24:00:00

Hour Excess Attenuation in categories (dB) 0-1 1-2 2-3 3-4 4-5 5-6 6-7 7-8

0 001.2088 000.9784 001.1822 0001.099 001.1247 001.0879 0001.159 0000.945 1 001.1776 000.8961 000.7723 0000.452 000.2641 000.0549 000.0051 000.0000 2 001.7007 001.0644 000.7632 000.7201 000.8034 000.7063 0000.577 000.5497 3 001.5309 000.7006 000.1319 0000.072 000.0485 000.0436 000.0391 000.0157 4 001.7074 000.7117 000.7154 000.7755 000.7322 000.5899 000.4385 000.2906 5 002.6622 002.1369 002.2794 002.3044 00002.31 002.3441 001.8752 0001.548 6 003.5225 003.2689 003.2063 0003.372 003.6121 003.7383 003.6881 003.6622 7 004.8123 005.5106 006.2072 006.9057 007.4776 007.4205 007.3878 007.4205 8 005.6998 005.8135 007.0223 007.3894 007.9975 008.4314 009.0477 010.2555 9 006.5775 008.5696 009.5786 009.2747 009.2783 008.8285 008.5272 007.9676

10 008.4946 011.0163 012.3692 013.0043 012.7513 012.9322 013.4468 014.2729 11 0008.436 009.6491 009.2478 009.5173 010.1704 011. 0854 011. 5818 011.0112 12 007.8046 008.6357 009.3735 009.5959 010.4102 011.4097 011.7514 012.6298 13 007.2908 007.2508 006.9208 006.5501 006.2482 005.8419 005.8866 005.9903 14 0007.167 006.6903 006.4041 006.5714 006.2811 006.0855 005.8967 005.3882 15 006.2455 006.1673 006.9252 006.9224 006.0524 0006.058 006.1185 006.1945 16 0004.715 005.4491 005.1896 004.9616 0004.651 004.1151 004.1346 003.9877 17 0003.584 002.6116 001.5912 001.3946 001.0302 000.6747 000.3487 000.1614 18 003.1597 003.4732 001.6183 001. 2561 001.0099 000.9171 000.8604 000.9616 19 002.9605 002.9527 001.6256 001.4631 001.5565 001.5996 0001.515 001.5427 20 002.8521 001.8058 001.9818 001.4898 001. 0796 000.9786 000.8865 000.9084 21 002.6162 001.7835 0001.644 0001. 698 001. 7489 001.7106 001.7694 001.7347 22 002.1705 001.4477 001.8558 001.9155 002.1457 0002.048 001.8114 001.4145 23 0001.904 001.4162 001.3945 001. 2952 001.2163 001.2981 001.2475 001.1474

8-9 9-10 10-11 11-12 12-13 13-14 14-15 15-16 0 000.4635 000.2875 000.0664 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 1 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 2 000.3864 000.2322 000.1017 000.0033 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 3 0000.001 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 4 0000.073 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 5 001.5437 001.6384 0001.717 001. 6556 001.4745 001. 4492 001.5953 0001.597 6 003.5806 003.2563 003.1303 002.9614 002.7071 002.2877 001. 7634 001.1641 7 0007.448 006.9552 006.4132 005.3598 0004.217 003.4407 002.8985 002.2229 8 011.4038 012.5956 014.2171 016.1961 018.3954 020.6006 022.5701 024.3989 9 007.6197 007.3305 007.2575 007.4552 007.8205 008.3009 008.8197 009.2834

10 014.8508 015.0375 015.1067 015.6132 016.0068 016.6086 016.7654 017.1892 11 010.6535 010.6541 010.9371 011.6774 012.2085 012.7623 013.2385 0013.463 12 013.4603 014.0692 014.7254 015.0002 015.0533 015.0044 015.1209 015.9286 13 005.3268 004.7274 003.9945 002.9931 0002.422 002.3857 002.0995 001. 3132 14 005.1932 004.7491 004.2119 003.6693 00003.12 002.6363 002.0789 001.6321 15 006.4778 006.9191 007.0881 007.5418 008.2373 008.4945 008.6749 008.3358 16 003.7184 003.4102 003.2136 003.3145 002.9568 002.3469 0002.097 002.0298 17 000.0658 000.0565 000.0297 000.0133 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 18 001.0832 001.1716 001.1253 000.8278 000.5131 000.1846 000.0207 000.0000 19 001.6485 001. 5469 001.2298 000.9294 0000.867 000.7383 000.6283 000.4475 20 001.0092 001.1355 001.2962 001.3674 001.3152 001.1644 000.8274 000.5996 21 001.8047 002.0534 002.1547 002.0387 001. 6966 001.1963 000.7809 000.3949 22 001.0082 0000.996 000.9008 000.6496 0000.517 0000.237 000.0207 000.0000 23 001.1798 001.1776 0001. 083 000.7329 000.4718 000.1618 000.0000 000.0000

------------------------------28 APR'91 - MAR'92 -

EUT-ITS-INTEL 770B

YEAR Diurnal Characteristics of Excess Attenuation on Hourly Basis over period 1 APR 91 00:00:00 - 31 MAR 92 24:00:00


16-17 17-18 18-19 19-20 20-21 21-22 22-23 23-24 o 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 1 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 2 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 3 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 4 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 5 001.2009 001.1913 001. 3185 001.3041 001. 0291 000.3018 000.0000 000.0000 6 000.6778 000.3874 000.2784 000.1021 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 7 0001. 474 000.7784 000.5078 000.2181 000.0373 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 8 026.2166 027.2621 028.2912 029.7118 030.6761 030.6012 031.1044 031.7097 9 009.7226 009.8816 009.4058 008.9664 008.3396 008.1543 0008.185 008.1051

10 017.7771 017.8775 018.4063 019.5619 020.6623 021.4027 021.0226 020.9854 11 013.6446 014.0696 014.8151 015.4685 016.7804 018.3124 019.9162 021. 6881 12 016.4479 016.3865 015.6341 014.7492 0014.109 013.7071 012.9476 012.3213 13 0000.918 000.8332 000.8026 000.8679 000.9545 000.8933 000.8728 000.5829 14 001.2108 001.1292 000.9377 000.4687 000.0267 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 15 0008.117 008.1055 007.8048 006.8641 005.7961 005.3537 005.3811 004.5756 16 001. 6287 001.4874 001. 6093 001.7033 0001.589 001.2735 000.5704 000.0319 17 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 18 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 19 000.3488 000.2083 000.0287 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 20 000.4804 000.3545 000.1556 000.0139 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 21 000.1349 000.0475 000.0041 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 22 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 23 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000

----------------------------29 ----- APR'91 - MAR'92 -

~--- EUT-ITS-INTEL 770 B--




Distribution of mean medium temperature with 10%, 90% extremes and 50% (median) for Wet season, Dry season and Year 91/92 .................... 31


Distribution of medium temperature for Wet season, Dry season and Year 91/92 ....................... 32

---------------30----'---~-APR'91-MAR·92,--

Tm VI. Attenuallan

~:: ............ _...... ; ··········T··········:r··········y··· . ~

26 ---' ... .,.. ............. ; ............ + ............ ; ~'::r

240·· .. ···...... ~Jt .......... · .. !··· .......... ·;· .. · .... ··· .... ·t .... · .... · .. ·! .. • .... ···· .. ·,i .... • .. • .. · .. ~ .... • .. · .... ·i

220 ......... ;pl .. 9,/ .............. , ............. -;.-............ , ............. ; ............. ..,. ........... + ............ + ............ + ......... .. 20/ 1

2W8t ..«.on 4 5 6

Tm 'IS. AttenuaIIon

789 Attenuatlon [dB]

10 11 12

Tm VI. AttenuatIon

f. T i : .."j.~ #: # 2B Vi· .... · ...... · .. · ...... · ................. P

260~? ~/Trr-..... ~~~+:==*==T=::%==l 240V / 22rn .. · ...... · .. ·,· ...... · .. 7~ ...... · .... ·i .............. + .. ·· .... · .... !· .... · .. · .. ··, .. · ...... · .... i' .... • ........ , ........ ··· .. t ...... · .. ·· .. ·!

20 /! 2 Dry seison 4 12 5 6 7 8 9

Attenuation (dB] 10 11

EUT-ITS-INTEL 770 B

10%,50%, and 90% extreme values of medium temperature for 2-12 dB

ATT.[dB] Tm[K] DRY 10% 50% 90%

2 101 242 338 3 192 265 318 4 223 281 309 5 251 284 306 6 259 280 299 7 258 282 301 8 265 284 298 9 267 287 298 10 273 284 294 11 272 283 292 12 275 282 290

ATT.[dB] Tm[K] WET 10% 50% 90%

2 194 275 337 3 222 277 322 4 247 284 315 5 257 284 307 6 262 286 305 7 267 287 302 8 268 287 302 9 273 290 302 10 275 291 302 11 278 290 300 12 278 289 299

ATI.[dB] Tm[K] YEAR 91/92 10% 50% 90%

2 184 273 337 3 219 276 322 4 245 284 314 5 256 284 307 6 261 285 305 7 266 287 302 8 268 287 301 9 272 290 302 10 274 289 301 11 277 289 300 12 277 288 299

---------------32------APR'91 MAR'92'--

-----.~---~---- ------EUT-ITS-INTEL 770 B--




Cumulative statistics for Wet season, Dry season Year 91/92, Worst month .................................. 34 Cumulative statistics of months of year 91/92 .................... 35


Comparitive table for Wet season, Dry season Year 91/92, Worst month .................................. 36 Wet season . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Dry season ............................................ 38 Worst month ........................................... 39 Year 91/92 ............................................ 40

33-------APR'91-MAR'92--

Sky noise temperature 35'+ ........... ,......... . ......... , ..

32, ............ , ................ + ......... ; ........... , ............. .;. ......... .!. ... J i .... , ......... + .............. ,

30 ........... t.. ! ~7~..................... --

~S'+ .......... + ............. + .......... i. i ~ ~2", ........... ,... .. .. , ................ j.~ .... ~, .. + ........ --+ .............. i

20C t .......... , .............. ;I ............ .,.. ..... '\

in ... ; ........... ; ............. + ........ ~ ........ + ............. i ............ ,\ .. , .... + .............. , 1 SCi'" .. j ........... ; .......... ; .............. ., .......... ; ............................ , ........... , ..... \.\ • .,. .............. ;

lZE, ....... ·+ .. · .. · .... ···i .... ··• .. ··,,· ...... ····, ........ · ...... ·, .. ··· .... ·i ........... .;. .............. " ........... , ....... \ .. \1 ............... ;

10"' ........... ,....... i . 7q ........... , .............. , ........... i ............ , .............. ~ ........ ..

5~ .......... ·, .. · .......... + .. ··· .... ·i· ........ ··;··· .. · .... · .. ·+ .. ..

\. ....... . ............. , ........... + ......... , ... '\ .... "' ..... ;

'"

35-. ........... , .... ..

:~', ........... f ............ , ........... " ........ ]= , ; " ~n............ ............. ____ ~ ; ~5 ..... '\, ........... , ............... , ............ , ........... + ............... ,

~2q ........................... : ........... : .......................... .:. .......... 'r .......... : ................ , ..................... + .............. , 20 ............... ; .............. , ........... , ........... , ................ , .......... , .. \.\ ....... + .............. , ........... , .......... , ................ , 17', ........... , ........................ ; ........... i .............. + .......... , ..... \:, .... ; .............. , ........... , ......... j .............. ! 1S( ... , ........... + ........ : ....... \~.+ .............. , ........ + ......... , ............. ; 1:::'q .... · ...... , ...... · ........ i .. · .. · .... ·; ...... · .... ;·· ...... · .... ·~· .. · .. · .. ·i ......... \.~ ............... i ............. ; .......... + .............. ,

10-. ........... , ...... ........ ; ........... ,........ i\

7~q ............ , ............... + ....... ; ........... ! .............. + .......... , ........... i .. \.'~ ......... , ........... i, ......... + .............. :i 5~ ........... i ........... · .. i .......... i........... "

2~ .......... + .... · ........ ·~ ........ · .. i .......... ·.i ............... > ......... + .......... . 2;:'t ........... , ............... ~ ................. .. -. C 01 . ( 02 . COS . 1 . 2 . 5 , 1 . '2 .15 i 5 .(01.C02 .005 1 .02 .05 .1 ,2 ,5

Wetaeason % of time Dry season % of time

Sky noise tarnperat\n Sky noise temperature 3S( 35 ................ .. ....... , .............. , ........... , ........... , ................ ; ........... , .......... '~ .................. ! 32~, ........... , .............. , ........... , ........... , .............. ~ .......... v .......... j .... · ....... , ............ , ......... +.............. 32! ......................... , .......... " ...... ··.+ ........ ·· .... c .......... , .. · ....... + ... ·· .... · ...... ]

30L_T·-·=+"'=T=::=;:.::.:.:::::::::t:~ .. · .. j· .......... j· .. · ........ · .. f"· ...... ··! .. · ...... j .............. i 30 ............ , ............... , .......... j·--t~=F=F==:.l::::::= .. · .. r .......... ·t"· .. · .... i .... · .......... j ~7·, ........ · .. , .... ·· ........ i .. ··· .... ·+· ...... · .. ,··· ........... + .... ~· .... ·;:~~.~ ............... , ........... ,........................... ~7!: .. · .. · ... ·, .... · ..... · ... i ........... , .......... ·, .... , .. · .. · .. ·+·· ........ j ........... , ..... , ~~ ....... ,........ . .......... .

~S ~ .... :.zS( ~ ..... + ............... , ~2 ~ ~m ........ +i ............. i ........... ; ........... ; .............. + .......... i ........... , ............... ,

:~~ ........... + ............... ; ........... ' ........... + .............. + .......... i .. '· ................ ',· .. ·· ...... · .. ::::::·.~:·i .... · .... ·' .... · .. ·· .. · .. ·' :~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::!::::::::::::::::::: ........... ; .... : .... : .... : ... ,.: .... : .... : .... :'; .... : .... : .... : .......... : .... : ..... ' ...... +> .... \:: .. ~\ ... ;<.:: .... : .... : ........... ',

15'+ ........... ; .............. ; ............ + ........ +........ , .......... " ........... i..... .. ..... , ...... \ .. ,+ ' ......... , ............... , 15(-. ............ , .............. , ............ ,............... \

12 .... ~·· ......... i ........... ; .............. +............ i ............... ,i, ......... \ .. ~ ......... ; .............. " 12~ .... · .... ··+ .... · ...... · .. ·j .. · ...... · .. ; .... · ...... !! .. • .. • .. • .. ···t· ........ ·; ........... !! ............ · .. , .. · ...... ··, .......... ·r .. \ .. \ ........ , lOCI'" .... t .. · ...... · ........... · .... , ........... , .............. + ......... + .......... , ............................ ,.\ .. ~ ... + .............. ; 10'+ ......... + ............ , ............ , ........... , ... ...... , ......... + .......... , ............... ; .......... + .......... + ...... \., .... :

761.......... ..... '" "'t .. ··· ...... , .. · .... · ...... ,i ...... • .... , .......... ··, .......... • .. ·; ...... • .. ··; .. • ......... ; ............... ; ........... .; .......... + ........... '\ .. >,J

s! ""~ 5( .................................... ..

2:, ........... , .............. ; ........... ;i ........... ! .............. t ......... ; ........... , ................. i, ........... , ......... +·· .......... l 2" ........... , ................ " .......... i .......... .;. .............. 'l ..... · .... + .......... + ............... !

. (01 ,.002 . dos . 01 .::: . 5 , 1 . ::: , 'S :1 . C 01 ,C 02 , GaS 1 2 . 5 , 1 . ::: . 's 5 V .. 9-tl92 ~ of tillle Worstmonth ~ of time

Sky noise temperature Months of Year 91/92 35~ ....................... , ....... " ........................ , ........ ·" ...... · .. · .. ~·· ........ ···· .... · .... , .. ·· .... · ............ · .. ·· .... ··7· .... · .................. , ........................ , ................................ 7' ......... .

32~ ....................... ; ............................. +" .................. + ..... · .. · .... · ...... + .......... · ...... · .......... ·+ .......... · .. · .. · .. · .. 1 .. · .. · .. · .. · ............ , ................................ + ...................... , ...................... ··f ......................... •• .. ·,

30J .. · .... · .......... · .. ! .......... · ...... -~~~~~~~~~~~~T .. ~·· .............. r· ...... · .. · .. · ........ r·· ...... · ................ ···l 2 7 ~ ....................... ! ............................... , ...................... + ...................... l .......... ~""-

25~~=f==~==~==~==: ...... ·!· .. ·· .... · .................. ··T··~:· ............ i ..................... ..;:~

~ ~ ••••• :=J::::I=I····.....t...~'-. " ...................... , .... \-............................................... + ... '" : : : : ! i 1 • : : ................... 1................, ................... j................1 ....................r ...... .

I ~ ~~::]~~=~E~Ir.-J:t:-\ .... j' ................................... + .................. ~.~!\: 7 ..................... .1. ............................ ..1 ..................... .1 ..................... .1. ............................. 1 ..................... .1. ...................... 1 .............. "' ............ + ....................... ; .......... " ............. + ....... .

~ ~:::~rl:::I·J·J!::1 01 , 02 1 2 .2

Processed: 99.4884 % of total time % of time

------,---------------EUT-ITS-INTEL 7708--

Sky noise temperature [Kelvin]

% Wet season Dry season Year 91/92 WORST MONTH

0.00100 305.8 289.4 301.8 309.1 0.00200 301.6 288.7 299.8 308.2 0.00300 299.9 288.1 299.6 307.3 0.00400 299.8 287.5 299.4 306.4 0.00500 299.7 286.8 299.2 305.4 0.00600 299.6 286.2 299.0 304.5 0.00700 299.5 285.6 298.8 303.6 0.00800 299.4 285.0 298.6 302.7 0.00900 299.3 284.3 298.4 301.8 0.01000 299.2 283.7 298.2 300.9 0.02000 298.1 276.7 296.1 299.7 0.03000 297.1 269.4 294.0 299.3 0.04000 296.1 265.3 292.0 298.9 0.05000 295.0 261.1 289.9 298.5 0.06000 294.0 256.7 288.2 298.2 0.07000 292.9 252.4 286.5 297.8 0.08000 291.8 246.3 284.7 297.4 0.09000 290.8 237.4 283.0 297.0 0.10000 289.8 223.9 281.3 296.6 0.20000 279.7 119.7 265.3 292.9 0.30000 270.5 64.0 248.5 288.8 0.40000 261.2 49.4 228.9 283.7 0.50000 250.4 41.2 210.2 278.3 0.60000 238.7 36.9 192.8 272.4 0.70000 228.4 33.2 176.8 265.7 0.80000 218.3 29.9 160.3 258.2 0.90000 207.9 28.8 145.0 248.8 1.00000 198.1 27.8 131.9 238.7 2.00000 119.1 19.6 67.6 171.8 3.00000 83.0 19.6 46.5 115.4 4.00000 61.9 19.6 36.1 87.2 5.00000 50.0 19.6 29.3 68.6

-------------36------APR'91-MAR'92'--

EUT-ITS-INTEL 770 B

WET SEASON Cumulative Statistics of Sky noise temperature Lo, Hi : Signal value in Kelvin Lo< =S<Hi : Number of seconds that signal was between Lo and Hi, #secs>Lo : Number of seconds that signal was higher then Le, and %time : Percentage of time that signal was higher then Lo INF : Infinity UNDEF : Undefined

Lo Lo< =S<Hi Hi #secs>Lo %time

UNDEF 271959 -INF 15811200 101.7501 -INF 13118666 0 15539241 100.0

0 60 10 2420575 15.5772 10 196811 20 2420515 15.5768 20 879770 30 2223704 14.3102 30 344176 40 1343934 8.6486 40 223516 50 999758 6.4338 50 136899 60 776242 4.9954 60 92382 70 639343 4.1144 70 64098 80 546961 3.5199 80 56177 90 482863 3.1074 90 48190 100 426686 2.7459 100 38728 110 378496 2.4357 110 31724 120 339768 2.1865 120 24987 130 308044 1.9824 130 22750 140 283057 1.8216 140 19809 150 260307 1.6752 150 18394 160 240498 1.5477 160 17334 170 222104 1.4293 170 17298 180 204770 1.3178 180 18284 190 187472 1.2064 190 17133 200 169188 1.0888 200 15468 210 152055 0.9785 210 14832 220 136587 0.879 220 15457 230 121755 0.7835 230 15078 240 106298 0.6841 240 12929 250 91220 0.587 250 14206 260 78291 0.5038 260 16536 270 64085 0.4124 270 17035 280 47549 0.306 280 15319 290 30514 0.1964 290 14823 300 15195 0.0978 300 372 310 372 0.0024 310 o· 320 0 0.0 320 0 330 0 0.0 330 0 340 0 0.0 340 0 350 0 0.0 350 0 +INF 0 0.0

37 APR'91-MAR'92

EUT-ITS-INTEL 770 B

DRY SEASON Cumulative Statistics of Sky noise temperature Lo, Hi : Signal value in Kelvin Lo< =S<Hi : Number of seconds that signal was between Lo and Hi, #secs>Lo : Number of seconds that signal was higher then Lo, and %time : Percentage of time that signal was higher then Lo INF : Infinity UNDEF : Undefined

Lo Lo< =S<Hi Hi #secs>Lo %time

UNDEF 696874 -INF 15811200 104.6107 -INF 14821776 0 15114326 100.0

0 0 10 292550 1.9356 10 25406 20 292550 1.9356 20 148232 30 267144 1.7675 30 41102 40 118912 0.7868 40 18555 50 77810 0.5148 50 11893 60 59255 0.392 60 5019 70 47362 0.3134 70 3870 80 42343 0.2802 80 1905 90 38473 0.2545 90 2358 100 36568 0.2419 100 2124 110 34210 0.2263 110 1910 120 32086 0.2123 120 2013 130 30176 0.1997 130 2049 140 28163 0.1863 140 1305 150 26114 0.1728 150 1056 160 24809 0.1641 160 1180 170 23753 0.1572 170 1409 180 22573 0.1493 180 1197 190 21164 0.14 190 1244 200 19967 0.1321 200 1686 210 18723 0.1239 210 1579 220 17037 0.1127 220 884 230 15458 0.1023 230 1307 240 14574 0.0964 240 1874 250 13267 0.0878 250 3448 260 11393 0.0754 260 3626 270 7945 0.0526 270 1924 280 4319 0.0286 280 2395 290 2395 0.0158 290 0 300 0 0.0 300 0 310 0 0.0 310 0 320 0 0.0 320 0 330 0 0.0 330 0 340 0 0.0 340 0 350 0 0.0 350 0 +INF 0 0.0

38 ·-APR'91-MAR'92

-----~--------------EUT_ITS-INTEL 7708--

WORST MONTH Cumulative Statistics of Sky noise temperature La, Hi : Signal value in Kelvin Lo < = S < Hi : Number of seconds that signal was between Lo and Hi, #secs> Lo : Number of seconds that signal was higher then Lo, and %time : Percentage of time that signal was higher then Lo INF : Infinity

Lo Lo< =S<Hi Hi #secs> La %time

-INF 0 100.0 0 10 18.5769 10 20 18.5769 20 30 18.0074 30 40 11.014 40 50 8.5812 50 60 6.9271 60 70 5.6747 70 80 4.8911 80 90 4.3409 90 100 3.8694

100 110 3.405 110 120 3.1207 120 130 2.8986 130 140 2.7018 140 150 2.5143 150 160 2.3547 160 170 2.2154 170 180 2.0288 180 190 1.8654 190 200 1.6806 200 210 1.5143 210 220 1.355 220 230 1.2395 230 240 1.1181 240 250 0.9825 250 260 0.8889 260 270 0.7803 270 280 0.6393 280 290 0.4721 290 300 0.2765 300 310 0.011 310 320 0.0 320 330 0.0 330 340 0.0 340 350 0.0 350 +INF 0.0

-------~--'-------39------APR·91-MAR·92'----

EUT-ITS-INTEL 770 B

YEAR 91/92 Cumulative Statistics of Sky noise temperature La, Hi : Signal value in Kelvin La< =S<Hi : Number of seconds that signal was between La and Hi, #secs> La : Number of seconds that signal was higher then La, and %time : Percentage of time that signal was higher then La INF : Infinity UNDEF : Undefined

La La< =S<Hi Hi #secs> La %time

UNDEF 968833 -INF 31622400 103.1606 -INF 27940442 0 30653567 100.0

0 60 10 2713125 8.8509 10 222217 20 2713065 8.8507 20 1028002 30 2490848 8.1258 30 385278 40 1462846 4.7722 40 242071 50 1077568 3.5153 50 148792 60 835497 2.7256 60 97401 70 686705 2.2402 70 67968 80 589304 1.9225 80 58082 90 521336 1.7007 90 50548 100 463254 1.5113 100 40852 110 412706 1.3464 110 33634 120 371854 1.2131 120 27000 130 338220 1.1034 130 24799 140 311220 1.0153 140 21114 150 286421 0.9344 150 19450 160 265307 0.8655 160 18514 170 245857 0.8021 170 18707 180 227343 0.7417 180 19481 190 208636 0.6806 190 18377 200 189155 0.6171 200 17154 210 170778 0.5571 210 16411 220 153624 0.5012 220 16341 230 137213 0.4476 230 16385 240 120872 0.3943 240 14803 250 104487 0.3409 250 17654 260 89684 0.2926 260 20162 270 72030 0.235 270 18959 280 51868 0.1692 280 17714 290 32909 0.1074 290 14823 300 15195 0.0496 300 372 310 372 0.0012 310 0 320 0 0.0 320 0 330 0 0.0 330 0 340 0 0.0 340 0 350 0 0.0 350 0 +INF 0 0.0

40 APR'91 - MAA'92

--- ---~-~----~--EUT-ITS-INTEL 7708--

2, Oata analysis results



Cumulative distributions of measured and derived total attenuation for Wet season. Dry season and Year 91/92 , . , , , . , , , , . , , .. , 42

NUMERICAL PRESENTP:rlON

Cumulative distributions of Wet season .,',.......,.....,.,...,...,...... 43 Dry season .,.,.,....,...,.,.....,..,........ 44 Year 91/92 . , , , .. , . , .... , , , , , . , , .. , , , , . , , ..... 45

Difference between cumulative distributions of Wet season ..,......"...,................... 46 Dry season ................ ,.,', ........ , ... , 47 Year 91 /92 , . . , . . . . . . . . , . . . . . , , . . . , . . . . . . . . . , . 48

---------------,4 -------APR'91-MAR'92,---

Measured and derived total attenuaUon Measured and derived total attenuation 1~"""."""."".,.""" .... ,." .... "," .. ,",",""",,",,,,,,,,,",",,"""",,,, .• ""' ___ ~ __ ~~

1~""""""""."," .. ".,",,"~ ......... + ... ," ..... , ... . l~" ... '" .. " .. , ........................ "+" ...... ""~

~1~"" ......... , .. "" ......... + .......... {",," ....... j.,," ..... ,, ..... j ........... + ... !g1

9~"" ........ + .... "" ........ + .......... +'" ......... , ..... .

5 ,:1 .2 ,5 % of time % of time

Measured and derived total attenuation 14 .. ·· .. · .. ··,· .... ·····,,· .. _········ .. , ....

1>+ .... " ... ", ....... .

~:1~ .......... + ..

m > ~ ."

~ ::IJ <.0 ..!.. -'" z I -I s:: m » r ::IJ ...... <.0 % of time ~ I\)

OJ

----------------- --EUT-ITS-INTEL 770B--

WET SEASON Cumulative distributions of measured total attenuation [dB] and derived attenuation [dB]

% MEASURED DERIVED ATTENUATION IN dB An: WITH MEDIUM TEMPERATURE IN Kelvin

250K 260K 270K 280K 290K 300K 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.005 0.006 0.007 0.008 0.009 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 24.7 0.08 23.3 0.09 22.4 0.1 21.5 14.6 0.2 15.4 14.3 11.6 0.3 12.2 14.4 11.6 9.9 0.4 10.3 14.4 11.5 9.9 8.7 0.5 8.9 13.6 11.0 9.5 8.4 7.6 0.6 7.8 12.8 10.5 9.1 8.1 7.3 6.7 0.7 7.0 10.3 8.9 7.9 7.2 6.6 6.1 0.8 6.3 8.6 7.7 7.0 6.4 5.9 5.5 0.9 5.7 7.4 6.7 6.2 5.7 5.3 5.0 1.0 5.2 6.6 6.0 5.5 5.2 4.8 4.5 2.0 2.4 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.1 3.0 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3 4.0 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 5.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8

--------------43------APR'91-MAR'92--

--------------------EUT-ITS-INTEL 770 B--

DRY SEASON Cumulative distributions of measured total attenuation [dB] and derived attenuation [dB]

% MEASURED DERIVED ATTENUATION IN dB An: WITH MEDIUM TEMPERATURE IN Kelvin

250K 260K 270K 280K 290K 300K 0.001 24.8 0.002 23.8 0.003 23.1 0.004 22.5 0.005 22.0 0.006 21.6 0.007 21.1 0.008 20.5 0.009 20.1 0.01 19.7 12.4 0.02 16.5 13.2 11.0 0.03 13.6 11.4 9.8 0.04 12.4 12.6 10.6 9.3 0.05 11.5 11.6 10.0 8.8 0.06 10.7 10.9 9.5 8.4 0.07 9.8 12.1 10.1 8.9 8.0 0.08 9.0 12.9 10.6 9.2 8.2 7.5 0.09 8.1 13.0 10.6 9.2 8.1 7.4 6.7 0.1 7.1 9.9 8.6 7.7 7.0 6.4 5.9 0.2 2.5 2.8 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.2 2.1 0.3 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.4 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.9 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 1.0 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 o 0.3 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

--------------44----~-APR'91-MAR'92--

· EUT-ITS-INTEL 770 B

YEAR 91/92 Cumulative distributions of measured total attenuation [dB] and derived attenuation [dB]

% MEASURED DERIVED ATIENUATION IN dB An: WITH MEDIUM TEMPERATURE IN Kelvin

250K 260K 270K 280K 290K 300K 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.005 0.006 0.007 0.008 0.009 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 23.7 0.05 22.1 0.06 20.6 0.07 19.5 0.08 18.4 0.09 17.4 12.3 0.1 16.4 15.0 11.9 0.2 11.3 16.9 12.5 10.5 9.2 0.3 8.8 19.0 12.9 10.6 9.2 8.2 7.5 0.4 7.0 10.4 8.9 8.0 7.2 6.6 6.1 0.5 5.8 7.7 6.9 6.3 5.9 5.4 5.1 0.6 4.9 6.2 5.7 5.3 4.9 4.6 4.3 0.7 4.2 5.1 4.8 4.5 4.2 3.9 3.7 0.8 3.6 4.3 4.0 3.8 3.5 3.4 3.2 0.9 3.1 3.6 3.4 3.2 3.0 2.9 2.7 1.0 2.7 3.1 2.9 2.8 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.0 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.0 3.0 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 4.0 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 5.0 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

--------------45------APR'91-MAR'92.---

EUT-ITS-INTEL no B

WET SEASON Difference between cumulative distributions of measured total attenuation and derived attenuation [dB]

% MEASURED An. MEDIUM TEMPERATURE IN Kelvin

250K 260K 270K 280K 290K 300K 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.005 0.006 0.007 0.008 0.009 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 24.7 0.08 23.3 0.09 22.4 0.1 21.5 6.9 0.2 15.4 1.1 3.8 0.3 12.2 -2.2 0.6 2.3 0.4 10.3 -4.1 -1.2 0.5 1.6 0.5 8.9 -4.7 -2.1 -0.6 O.S 1.3 0.6 7.8 -5.0 -2.7 -1.3 -0.3 0.5 1.1 0.7 7.0 -3.3 -1.9 -0.9 -0.2 0.4 0.9 0.8 6.3 -2.4 -1.4 -0.7 -0.1 0.4 0.8 0.9 5.7 -1.7 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.4 0.7 1.0 5.2 -1.4 -0.8 -0.4 0.0 0.4 0.6 2.0 2.4 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 3.0 1.5 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 4.0 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 5.0 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

--------------46------APR'91 MAR'92--

EUT-ITS-INTEL 770 B

DRY SEASON Difference between cumulative distributions of measured total attenuation and derived attenuation [dB]

% MEASURED An: MEDIUM TEMPERATURE IN Kelvin

2S0K 260K 270K 2BOK 290K 300K 0.001 24.B 0.002 23.B 0.003 23.1 0.004 22.S O.OOS 22.0 0.006 21.6 0.007 21.1 O.OOB 2O.S 0.009 20.1 0.01 19.7 7.3 0.02 16.S 3.3 5.5 0.03 13.6 2.2 3.B 0.04 12.4 -0.2 1.9 3.2 0.05 11.S -0.1 1.6 2.7 0.06 10.7 -D.2 1.2 2.2 0.07 9.8 -2.2 -0.3 0.9 1.8 O.OB 9.0 -3.9 -1.6 -0.2 0.8 1.6 0.09 8.1 -4.9 -2.S -1.1 0.0 0.7 1.3 0.1 7.1 -2.B -1.5 -D.6 0.1 0.7 1.1 0.2 2.S -0.2 -D.1 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.3 1.4 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 1.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.9 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.7 0.7 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.8 0.7 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.9 0.6 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 1.0 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

--------------47------APR·91-MAR·92~--

EUT-ITS-INTEL 770 B

YEAR 91/92 Difference between cumulative distributions of measured total attenuation and derived attenuation [dB]

% MEASURED An MEDIUM TEMPERATURE IN Kelvin

250K 2S0K 270K 280K 290K 300K 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.005 O.OOS 0.007 0.008 0.009 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 23.7 0.05 22.1 O.OS 20.S 0.07 19.5 0.08 18.4 0.09 17.4 5.1 0.1 1S.4 1.4 4.5 0.2 11.3 -5.6 -1.2 0.8 2.1 0.3 8.8 -10.2 -4.1 -1.8 -0.4 O.S 1.3 0.4 7.0 -3.3 -1.9 -0.9 -0.2 0.4 0.9 0.5 5.8 -1.9 -1.1 -0.5 0.0 0.4 0.8 0.6 4.9 -1.3 -0.8 -0.3 0.3 0.3 O.S 0.7 4.2 -0.9 -O.S -0.2 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.8 3.6 -0.7 -0.4 -0.1 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.9 3.1 -0.4 -0.2 -0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 1.0 2.7 -0.3 -0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 2.0 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 3.0 0.9 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.2 4.0 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 5.0 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2

--------------48------APR'91-MAR'92'"-',--

-------~--------~---EUT_ITS-INTEL 7708--


2.5. Rainfall rate data analysis


Cumulative statistics for Wet season, Dry season Year 91/92, Worst month .................................. 50 Cumulative statistics of months of year 91/92 .................... 51


Comparitive table for Wet season, Dry season Year 91/92, Worst month .................................. 52 Wet season . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Dry season ............................................ 54 Worst month ........................................... 55 Year 91/92 .................................... ........ 56

--------------49------APR'91-MAR'92'---

20 RaIn intensity

17 ~'-..

'" ~5 o

:' 2 III

10

7

5

:0 ~~ ..

~ ......

1 , .....

.. "

~ ~ _ ...........

~ ... ~ ~

... , . ....... ,- .. ,-,

f"-:"-C 01 . (02 . (05 . 1 , 2 . 5 ,1 :0 ,5 i

% of time

20

!'::::, ,--. .. ---.... 17

~ ......

~ ~

~5 o

10 ~ 7 ~ 5

~ ~

2

~.L C01 .( 02 .C05 1 2 . 5 ,1 ,2 ,':; :1.

y .. 91/92 % of time

20

17

~5 o .<l

'al 2 Iii!

10

7

5

:0

RaIn intensity ( ......

' .... --.. -- ..

-----~ ~

(

(01 , ( 02 ,005 Dry season

20 RaIn IntansIly

'" 17 '" ~5 o

'r·------10

7

5

2 :

(01 ,( 02 . COS Worst month

i ! ! ! \ ;

!

~ ~~

1 . 2 .05 .1 .2

,----

~ .... -- .. ------ --.--

~ i ! ~

~

----

... --

1 2 5 .1 .2

... 1::::------.. · :

! 1

i

.. ----------.

.,.--

,5 % of tine

i

.. --.-- ,----------

~ ~: i

--------

N i ,5 i :! S

% of time

m c

" cp Z -I m r

~ m

Rain intensity Months of year 91/92 20

17

>-15 ;::) 0

S12 s

C1I 10 .....

1-Jan92

7 4-apr91

5 y. ................. .

2~·······················i······· ................ · .. ·;~~~ .. · .. · .. · ... : ..................... + .................. ~~+ ................... + ...... ~~~., .................. ..

2 Processed: 99.4884 % of total time % of time

--------~-.------~---- EUT-ITS·INTEL 7708--

Rain intensity [mm/hour]

% Wet season Dry season YEAR WORST MONTH

0.00100 101.9 180.8 0.00200 179.9 94.2 169.1 0.00300 174.2 86.4 156.8 0.00400 168.2 79.1 148.5 196.5 0.00500 161.3 71.9 143.7 188.1 0.00600 156.0 64.4 139.0 183.1 0.00700 151.0 59.4 135.2 179.2 0.00800 148.0 56.1 131.3 177.1 0.00900 145.5 52.3 128.0 175.0 0.01000 143.0 49.0 125.1 172.9 0.02000 124.3 28.2 103.0 147.8 0.03000 113.3 19.4 92.2 136.5 0.04000 102.0 14.2 83.3 128.8 0.05000 95.9 10.8 76.3 122.7 0.06000 90.5 9.0 70.5 118.5 0.07000 85.8 7.7 65.6 115.9 0.08000 81.1 6.3 60.8 111.4 0.09000 77.6 5.0 57.5 105.7 0.10000 74.4 4.2 54.5 102.4 0.20000 52.5 1.0 32.5 78.8 0.30000 40.1 0.4 19.9 65.1 0.40000 30.3 0.0 13.4 55.0 0.50000 23.4 0.0 9.4 46.9 0.60000 18.4 0.0 7.4 40.5 0.70000 14.6 0.0 5.4 35.1 0.80000 12.0 0.0 4.5 29.5 0.90000 9.7 0.0 3.8 25.1 1.00000 8.6 0.0 3.1 21.5 2.00000 2.7 0.0 0.8 4.7 3.00000 1.2 0.0 0.3 2.5 4.00000 0.8 0.0 0.0 1.2 5.00000 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.8

---------~---52------APR'91-MAR'92'--

EUT-ITS-INTEL 770 B

WET SEASON Cumulative Statistics of Rain Intensity La, Hi : Signal value in mm/hour La< =S<Hi : Number of seconds that signal was between La and Hi, #secs> La : Number of seconds that signal was higher then La, and %time : Percentage of time that signal was higher then La INF : Infinity UNDEF : Undefined

Lo Lo< =S<Hi Hi flsecs>Lo %time

UNDEF 125667 -INF 15811200 100.8012 -INF 14644909 0 15685533 100.0

0 544045 1 1040624 6.6343 1 127687 2 496579 3:1658 2 73879 3 368892 2.3518 3 86168 5 295013 1.8808 5 71629 10 208845 1.3314 10 29807 15 137216 0.8748 15 19660 20 107409 0.6848 20 13631 25 87749 0.5594 25 10886 30 74118 0.4725 30 8459 35 63232 0.4031 35 7585 40 54773 0.3492 40 7085 45 47188 0.3008 45 6404 50 40103 0.2557 50 4694 55 33699 0.2148 55 4884 60 29005 0.1849 60 3039 65 24121 0.1538 65 3128 70 21082 0.1344 70 2567 75 17954 0.1145 75 2483 80 15387 0.0981 80 1658 85 12904 0.0823 85 1701 90 11246 0.0717 90 1476 95 9545 0.0609 95 1325 100 8069 0.0514 100 1199 105 6744 0.043 105 515 110 5545 0.0354 110 496 115 5030 0.0321 115 960 120 4534 0.0289 120 1023 130 3574 0.0228 130 790 140 2551 0.0163 140 633 150 1761 0.0112 150 313 160 1128 0.0072 160 228 170 815 0.0052 170 276 180 587 0.0037 180 88 190 311 0.002 190 51 200 223 0.0014 200 172 +INF 172 0.0011

---------------53------APR'91-MAR'92--

EUT-ITS-INTEL 770 B

DRY SEASON Cumulative Statistics of Rain Intensity La, Hi : Signal value in mm/hour La< =S<Hi : Number of seconds that signal was between La and Hi, #secs>Lo : Number of seconds that signal was higher then La, and %time : Percentage of time that signal was higher then La INF : Infinity UNDEF : Undefined

Lo LO< =S<Hi Hi #secs>Lo %time

UNDEF 696874 -INF 15811200 104.6107 -INF 15056837 0 15114326 100.0

0 28535 1 57489 0.3804 1 7827 2 28954 0.1916 2 3892 3 21127 0.1398 3 3630 5 17235 0.114 5 5706 10 13605 0.09 10 2207 15 7899 0.0523 15 1317 20 5692 0.0377 20 776 25 4375 0.0289 25 904 30 3599 0.0238 30 298 35 2695 0.0178 35 345 40 2397 0.0159 40 301 45 2052 0.0136 45 302 50 1751 0.0116 50 189 55 1449 0.0096 55 231 60 1260 0.0083 60 139 65 1029 0.0068 65 98 70 890 0.0059 70 94 75 792 0.0052 75 114 80 698 0.0046 80 108 85 584 0.0039 85 83 90 476 0.0031 90 108 95 393 0.0026 95 98 100 285 0.0019 100 94 105 187 0.0012 105 23 110 93 0.0006 110 13 115 70 0.0005 115 28 120 51 0.0004 120 12 130 29 0.0002 130 6 140 17 0.0001 140 0 150 11 0.0001 150 3 160 11 0.0001 160 0 170 8 0.0001 170 4 180 8 0.0001 180 0 190 4 190 0 200 4 200 4 +INF 4

------~--------54------APR'91-MAR'92,--

-------------~·------EUT-ITS-INTEL 7708--

WORST MONTH Cumulative Statistics of Rain Intensity Lo, Hi : Signal value in mm/hour Lo < = S < Hi : Number of seconds that signal was between Lo and Hi, #secs>Lo : Number of seconds that signal was higher then Le, and %time : Percentage of time that signal was higher then Le INF : Infinity

Lo LD< =S<Hi Hi #secs>lo %time

-INF 0 100.0 0 1 9.3925 1 2 4.2092 2 3 3.3337 3 5 2.6658 5 10 1.8974 10 15 1.4513 15 20 1.2039 20 25 1.0424 25 30 0.9028 30 35 0.7888 35 40 0.7023 40 45 0.609 45 50 0.5266 50 55 0.4552 55 60 0.4003 60 65 0.3401 65 70 0.3006 70 75 0.2585 75 80 0.2249 80 85 0.1921 85 90 0.1706 90 95 0.1478 95 100 0.1265 100 105 0.1081 105 110 0.0913 110 115 0.0825 115 120 0.0734 120 130 0.0545 130 140 0.038 140 150 0.0258 150 160 0.0183 160 170 0.0147 170 180 0.0114 180 190 0.0066 190 200 0.0046 200 +INF 0.0037

--------------55------APR'91-MAR'92,--

EUT-ITS-INTEL no B

YEAR 91/92 Cumulative Statistics of Rain Intensity La, Hi : Signal value in mm/hour La< =S<Hi : Number of seconds that signal was between La and Hi, #secs>Lo : Number of seconds that signal was higher then La, and %time : Percentage of time that signal was higher then La INF : Infinity UNDEF : Undefined

Lo Lo<=S<Hi Hi Rsecs>Lo %time

UNDEF 822541 -INF 31622400 102.6706 -INF 29701746 0 30799859 100.0

0 572580 1 1098113 3.5653 1 135514 2 525533 1.7063 2 17771 3 390019 1.2663 3 89798 5 312248 1.0138 5 77335 10 222450 0.7222 10 32014 15 145115 0.4712 15 20977 20 113101 0.3672 20 14407 25 92124 0.2991 25 11790 30 m17 0.2523 30 8757 35 65927 0.214 35 7930 40 57170 0.1856 40 7386 45 49240 0.1599 45 6706 50 41854 0.1359 50 4883 55 35148 0.1141 55 5115 60 30265 0.0983 60 3178 65 25150 0.0817 65 3226 70 21972 0.0713 70 2661 75 18746 0.0609 75 2597 80 16085 0.0522 80 1766 85 13488 0.0438 85 1784 90 11722 0.0381 90 1584 95 9938 0.0323 95 1423 100 8354 0.0271 100 1293 105 6931 0.0225 105 538 110 5638 0.0183 110 509 115 5100 0.0166 115 988 120 4591 0.0149 120 1035 130 3603 0.0117 130 796 140 2568 0.0083 140 633 150 1772 0.0058 150 316 160 1139 0.0037 160 228 170 823 0.0027 170 280 180 595 0.0019 180 88 190 315 0.001 190 51 200 227 0.0007 200 176 +INF 176 0.0006

--------------56------APR'91-MAR'92'--

SECTION 4




and



"11 G Hz Satellite Beacon Data in the Western Pacific Basin"

Contract INTEL-770B 3rd year Analysis Report April 1992 - March 1993


P.O. Box 513, EH 11.03 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands. Telephone: (0)40473417 Fax: (0)40455197

Eindhoven, July 13, 1993

------------------- EUT-ITS-INTEL 770 B -

EINDHOVEN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY INTEL 770-B

3nd year data analysis report: April 1992 - March 1993

Table of Contents

1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2


2. 1 Beacon attenuation data analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Cumulative statistics, wet, dry, year, worst month (graph) .... 5 Cumulative statistics, months (graph) ................. , 6 Cumulative statistics, tables ........................ 7

2.1 .1 Event duration analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 12

Fraction of total number of fades at levels (graph) ........ 13 Number of fades/Duration of fades, tables . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 14

2.1.2 Diurnal characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 20

Diurnal characteristics, wet, dry, year (graph) Diurnal characteristics, wet, dry, year, tables

............ 21 23

2.2 Correlation data analysis ................................ 29

Distributions of medium temperature, wet, dry, year (graph) 30 Distributions of medium temperature, wet, dry, year, tables 31

2.3 Sky noise temperature data analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 32

Cumulative statistics, wet, dry, year, worst mOl')th (graph) ... 33 Cumulative statistics, months (graph) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 34 Cumulative statistics, tables ....................... 35

2.4 Derived attenuation data analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 40

Cumulative distributions of derived attenuation (graph) Cumulative distributions of derived attenuation, tables

..... 41 42

2.5 Rainfall rate data analysis ............................... 48

Cumulative statistics, wet, dry, year, worst month (graph) ... 49 Cumulative statistics, months (graph) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 50 Cumulative statistics, tables ....................... 51

-----------.------ 1 ---- APR'92 - MAR'93---

------------------- EUT-ITS-INTEL 770 B --

1. Introduction

This 3nd year data analysis report represents the results of the propagation program carried out in Surabaya, Indonesia, under contract INTEL 770B for INTELSAT, Washington D. C. The measuring period is from April 1992 until and including March 1993. However, due to the non-availibility of the full data-acquisition facility, a reduced series of experiments was carried out in June 1992 and July 1992. As a result data for event duration, diurnal variation, correlation analysis and derived attenuation analysis are not availible for these months. All statistics in this report have been normalized to defined time (DT = 100%).

DT: Defined Time TT: Total Time UT: Undefined Time (= TT - DT) The undefined time in a period (Le. a month) is the time that the signal has the value undefined (UNDEF). A signal has the value UNDEF over a certain period of time if it is not known whether or not an event occurred in that period, or if it is known that an event occurred in that period but the signal was not measured in that period. Periods in which the signal was not measured but of which is known that no event occurred, are included in the defined time (DT). Two seasons have been defined in the measuring period, a wet and a dry season. The dry season is the period june 1992 until and including november 1992. The wet season consists the other months of the measuring period: april 1992, may 1992, december 1992, january 1993, february 1993 and march 1993. The following defined time has been reached for the beacon, radiometry and rainchannels in percentage of time and number of days:

BEACON RADIOMETER RAIN BEACON RADIOMETER RAIN % % % #days #days #days

APR 92 99.3971 99.0557 100.0000 29.8191 29.7167 30.0000 MAY 92 99.9792 99.9792 100.0000 30.9935 30.9936 30.0000 JUN 92 99.9259 98.9259 98.9259 29.6777 29.6777 29.6777 JUL 92 98.7276 98.7276 98.7276 30.6056 30.6056 30.6056 AUG 92 94.0685 93.9247 100.0000 29.1612 29.1167 31.0000 SEP 92 95.7365 95.7365 100.0000 28.7209 28.7209 30.0000 OCT 92 99.0207 99.0177 100.0000 30.6964 30.6955 31.0000 NOV 92 98.6185 98.6185 100.0000 29.5855 29.5855 30.0000 DEC 92 99.9735 99.9735 100.0000 30.9918 30.9918 31.0000 JAN 93 99.8671 99.8671 100.0000 30.9588 30.9588 31.0000 FEB 93 99.1361 99.1361 100.0000 27.7581 27.7581 28.0000 MAR 93 99.0879 99.0879 100.0000 30.7172 30.7172 31.0000 WET 99.5735 99.5166 100.0000 181.2237 181.1202 182.0000 DRY 97.6829 97.4918 99.6139 178.7597 178.4099 182.2934 YEAR 98.6282 98.5042 99.8069 359.9929 359.5403 364.2951

-------------- 2 ---- APR'92 - MAR'93---

------------------- EUT-ITS-INTEL 770 B--


G. Brussaard (EUT) Hendry (ITS) J. Dijk (EUT) A. Mulyanto (ITS) P. de Maagt (EUT) A. Purnomo (ITS) S. Touw (EUT) L. Wijdemans (EUT) C. Grolleman (EUT)

-------------- 3 ---- APR'92 - MAR'93,---

------------------- EUT-ITS-INTEL 770 B --


2.1. Beacon attenuation data analysis


Cumulative statistics for Wet season, Dry season Year 92/93, Worst month . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Cumulative statistics of months of year 92/93 ................ 6


Comparitive table for Wet season, Dry season Year 92/93, Worst month . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 7 Wet season ........................................ 8 Dry season ........................................ 9 Worst month ................................•..... 1 0 Year 92/93 .................................•..... 11

-------------- 4 ---- APR'92 - MAR'93---

excess attenuation excess attenuation 30 ...

27 aJ

"24

21 .

18

15

12

9

6

3

o 2 a 5 1

01 Wet season

excess attenuation 30 ..

27 aJ

"24

» 21 21 .

." m ~

18 18 . C

<.0 15. 15 . ;-i

I\.) -I

I 12 en

I

s: 9 Z -I » m

~ 6. r-

<.0 -.,J

W -.,J 0

0 o 1 ,0 2 a 5 1 OJ

% of t I me Worst month % of t I me

30

27

m "D

24

21

1 8 ..

1 5 ..

12 ..

9

6

3

Excess attenuation

Processed: 99.8671 % of tota I time

Months of Year 92/93

11

1 = jan 93 . ............... 4= apr 92

. 2

% of time

m C oi -i en

I

Z -i m r ....... ....... o OJ

EUT-ITS-INTEL 770 B

Excess attenuation [dB]

% WET SEASON DRY SEASON YEAR 92/93 WORST MONTH

.00100 29.9 29.8 29.9 30.0

.00200 29.7 29.7 29.7 29.9

.00300 29.6 29.6 29.6 29.9

.00400 29.5 29.4 29.4 29.9

.00500 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.9

.00600 29.2 29.1 29.2 29.8

.00700 29.1 29.0 29.0 29.8

.00800 29.0 28.8 28.9 29.8

.00900 28.9 28.5 28.8 29.8

.01000 28.9 28.3 28.7 29.8

.02000 28.2 18.5 27.4 29.5

.03000 27.2 16.9 20.9 29.3

.04000 21.6 15.6 20.3 29.1

.05000 20.8 14.4 19.6 28.7

.06000 20.5 13.2 18.3 28.3

.07000 20.1 11.9 17.1 27.9

.08000 19.7 10.9 16.1 27.4

.09000 19.2 10.3 15.3 24.6

.10000 18.1 9.7 14.5 21.5

.20000 12.8 5.4 10.2 20.4

.30000 10.4 3.3 7.7 19.7

.40000 8.6 2.4 5.8 16.6

.50000 7.1 1.7 4.5 13.1

.60000 5.9 1.3 3.6 11.0

.70000 5.0 1.0 2.9 9.2

.80000 4.3 . 9 2.4 7.7

.90000 3.7 .8 2.0 6.6 1.00000 3.2 .6 1.7 5.7 2.00000 . 9 .0 .5 1.6 3.00000 .4 .0 .0 .8 4.00000 .0 .0 . 0 .6 5.00000 .0 .0 .0 .3

-------------- 7 ---- APR'92 - MAR'93,---

----------~--------~------ EUT-ITS-INTEL 770 B --

WET SEASON

Cumulative Statistics of Excess attenuation over period: 01 APR 92 00:00:00- 31 MAY 92 24:00:00

01 DEC 92 00:00:00- 31 MAR 93 24:00:00

Lo, Hi : Signal value in dB Lo < = S < Hi: Number of seconds that signal was between Lo and Hi, #secs> Lo: Number of seconds that signal was higher then Lo, and %time : Percentage of time that signal was higher then Lo II\lF : Infinity UNDEF : Undefined

Lo UNDEF

Lo<=S<Hi 65783

15065107

Hi -INF

o 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

#secs>Lo 15724800 15659017

%time 100.4201

-INF o 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

302044 84518 45274 29411 23682 16560 13379 10680

9588 8906 7791 6526 5629 4554 3366 2303 2027 1928 1135 2949 4948

799 395 149 315

63 50

1180 2579 1182

o

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

+INF

593910 291866 207348 162074 132663 108981

92421 79042 68362 58774 49868 42077 35551 29922 25368 22002 19699 17672 15744 14609 11660

6712 5913 5518 5369 5054 4991 4941 3761 1182

o

100 3.7928 1. 8639 1. 3241 1. 035 .8472

.696 .5902 .5048 .4366 .3753 .3185 .2687

.227 .1911

.162 .1405 .1258 .1129 .1005 .0933 .0745 .0429 .0378 .0352 .0343 .0323 .0319 .0316

.024 .0075

o

------'------""----- 8 ----""-'--- APR'92 - MAR'93---

------------------- EUT-ITS-INTEL 770 B--

DRY SEASON

Cumulative Statistics of Au. bias removed over period: 01 JUN 92 00:00:00- 30 NOV 92 24:00:00

Lo, Hi : Signal value in dB Lo < = S < Hi: Number of seconds that signal was between Lo and Hi, #secs> Lo: Number of seconds that signal was higher then Lo, and %time : Percentage of time that signal was higher then Lo INF : Infinity UNDEF : Undefined

Lo UNDEF

-INF o 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Lo<=S<Hi 393338

15166974 148889

33304 18931 10656

6449 4924 4247 3328 2634 2967 2425 1455 1107 1374 1285 1299 1158 1046

648 355 193

90 91 45 64 62

137 16

628 1081

o

Hi -INF

o 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

+INF

#secs>Lo 15811200 15417862

250888 101999

68695 49764 39108 32659 27735 23488 20160 17526 14559 12134 10679

9572 8198 6913 5614 4456 3410 2762 2407 2214 2124 2033 1988 1924 1862 1725 1709 1081

o

%time 102.5512

100 1.6273

.6616

.4456

.3228

.2537

.2118

.1799

.1523

.1308

.1137

.0944

.0787

.0693

.0621

.0532

.0448

.0364

.0289

.0221

.0179

.0156

.0144

.0138

.0132

.0129

.0125

.0121

.0112

.0111 .007

o

-------------- 9 ---- APR'92 - MAR'93s----

------------------- EUT-ITS-INTEL 770 B--

WORST MONTH

Cumulative Statistics of AU. bias removed over period: 01 APR 92 00:00:00 - 31 MAR 93 24:00:00

Lo, Hi : Signal value in dB Lo < = S < Hi: Number of seconds that signal was between Lo and Hi, #secs> Lo: Number of seconds that signal was higher then Lo, and %time : Percentage of time that signal was higher then Lo II\lF : Infinity UNDEF : Undefined

Lo UNDEF

-INF o 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Lo<=S<Hi o 1 o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o

Hi -INF

o 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

+INF

#secs>Lo 1 1 o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o

%time 100 100

6.0476 2.3375 1.7777 1.4685 1.2647 1.0997

.9634 .854

.7803 .71

.6495 .599

.5528

.5029

.4672

.4381

.4163

.3902

.3652

.3608

.2719 .108

.0915

.0909

.0906

.0896

.0893 .089

.0669

.0423 o

-------------- 10 ---- APR'92 - MAR'93i---

------------------- EUT-ITS-INTEL 770 B --

YEAR 91/92

Cumulative Statistics of Att. bias removed over period: 01 APR 92 00:00:00- 31 MAR 93 24:00:00

Lo, Hi : Signal value in dB Lo < = S < Hi: Number of seconds that signal was between Lo and Hi, #secs> Lo: Number of seconds that signal was higher then Lo, and %time : Percentage of time that signal was higher then Lo INF : Infinity UNDEF : Undefined

Lo UNDEF

-INF o 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Lo<=S<Hi 459121

30232081 450933 117822

64205 40067 30131 21484 17626 14008 12222 11873 10216

7981 6736 5928 4651 3602 3185 2974 1783 3304 5141

889 486 194 379 125 187

1196 3207 2263

o

Hi -INF

o 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

+INF

#secs>Lo 31536000 31076879

844798 393865 276043 211838 171771 141640 120156 102530

88522 76300 64427 54211 46230 39494 33566 28915 25313 22128 19154 17371 14067

8926 8037 7551 7357 6978 6853 6666 5470 2263

o

%time 101.4774

100 2.7184 1.2674

.8883

.6817

.5527

.4558

.3866

.3299

.2848

.2455

.2073

.1744

.1488

.1271 .108 .093

.0815

.0712

.0616

.0559

.0453

.0287

.0259

.0243

.0237

.0225

.0221

.0215

.0176

.0073 o

-------------- " ---- APR'92 - MAR'93~--

------------------- EUT-ITS-INTEL 770 B --


2. 1 . 1. Beacon attenuation Event duration


Fraction of total number of fades at levels .................. 1 3


Wet season Duration of fades at levels . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 14 Number of fades at levels ..........•.............. 1 5

Dry season Duration of fades at levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 16 Number of fades at levels ........•................ 17

Year 92/93 Duration of fades at levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 18 Number of fades at levels .........•... . . . . • . • • . . .• 1 9

-------------- 12 ---- APR'92 - MAR'935----

-eN

» ." :0 .. CD r-,.)

I s: » :0 .. CD eN

If' .. -0

Excess attenuation

! .2t ·················k '

';; .1.

c .05

002

.001~-------T--------T--------4---------r--------~-------1

"' .. ."

! ';

';; cO 1 <:>

.002

001

Year 92/93 category

Excess attenuation

m C j-I -f C/)

I

Z -f m r-..... ..... 0 I'lJ

EUT-ITS-INTEL 770 B

WET SEASON

Event duration analysis of Excess Attenuation Total duration of fades above level (dB) for duration categories over period: 01 APR 92 00:00:00- 31 MAY 92 24:00:00

01 DEC 92 00:00:00- 31 MAR 93 24:00:00


dB < lOs 10-30s 30-60s 1-3m 3-10m 10-30m >30m summed (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7 )

1 23088 16213 8295 14734 26852 64488 134542 288212 2 12016 8663 4122 7085 26185 46475 99645 204191 3 7443 5361 3595 7772 19358 52122 63625 159276 4 6182 4112 2948 6954 17794 43191 48865 130046 5 4522 3046 2501 5530 13112 39605 38288 106604 6 3548 2604 2203 4913 13609 35756 27597 90230 7 3011 1751 1662 4748 12685 31078 22045 76980 8 2452 1950 1733 4002 13897 21947 20520 66501 9 2290 1745 1128 4372 12814 18560 16360 57269

10 2425 1703 867 3922 11100 12818 15721 48556 11 1869 1390 892 4706 7777 11175 13128 40937 12 1574 1241 1026 3068 8285 10207 9358 34759 13 1550 1048 1091 1992 8822 6019 9185 29707 14 1015 1118 636 2754 6936 7902 4965 25326 15 885 862 632 2289 4793 7724 4817 22002 16 573 730 512 2112 4178 7004 4590 19699 17 518 758 738 1624 3102 6668 4264 17672 18 386 593 760 1487 2093 6180 4245 15744 19 388 696 555 1516 1241 5974 4239 14609 20 221 698 477 1105 1294 3697 4168 11660 21 149 457 440 920 602 1984 2160 6712 22 144 345 332 480 504 1949 2159 5913 23 65 287 184 498 721 1606 2157 5518 24 20 382 207 383 666 1558 2153 5369 25 3 295 259 610 241 1551 2095 5054 26 18 428 342 340 810 3053 0 4991 27 10 450 464 226 806 2985 0 4941 28 9 517 287 151 1298 1499 0 3761 29 0 15 0 380 0 787 0 1182 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

-------------- 14 ---- APR'92 - MAR'93---

EUT-ITS-INTEL 770 B

WET SEASON

Event duration analysis of Excess Attenuation Number of fades above level (dB) for duration categories over period: 01 APR 92 00:00:00- 31 MAY 92 24:00:00

01 DEC 92 00:00:00- 31 MAR 93 24:00:00


dB < lOs 10-30s 30-60s 1-3m 3-10m 10-30m >30m summed (1) (2 ) (3) (4 ) (5 ) (6 ) (7 )

1 5869 942 193 144 78 60 40 7326 2 3293 511 97 67 78 42 33 4121 3 2069 317 85 77 59 43 20 2670 4 1707 236 67 71 57 39 16 2193 5 1269 188 58 51 42 37 14 1659 6 1019 151 52 46 41 34 10 1353 7 889 102 37 45 34 29 8 1144 8 723 116 42 37 38 22 8 986 9 645 101 28 41 36 19 6 876

10 691 102 21 36 33 14 6 903 11 529 77 21 45 21 13 5 711 12 472 69 23 30 22 11 4 631 13 444 60 25 18 24 5 4 580 14 338 63 15 25 21 5 2 469 15 292 48 15 21 15 5 2 398 16 194 39 12 22 13 5 2 287 17 169 41 17 17 10 5 2 261 18 124 33 18 13 7 5 2 202 19 126 38 13 13 4 5 2 201 20 72 38 11 11 4 3 2 141 21 53 26 10 9 2 2 1 103 22 42 19 8 4 2 2 1 78 23 21 16 5 6 3 2 1 54 24 12 20 5 5 3 2 1 48 25 2 16 6 6 1 2 1 34 26 4 22 8 3 2 3 0 42 27 2 24 11 2 2 3 0 44 28 1 27 7 1 3 2 0 41 29 0 1 0 3 0 1 0 5 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

-------------- 15 ---- APR'92 - MAR'93---

EUT-ITS-INTEL 770 B

DRY SEASON

Event duration analysis of Excess Attenuation Total duration of fades above level (dB) for duration categories Over period: 01 AUG 92 00:00:00 - 30 NOV 92 24:00:00


dB < lOs 10-30s 30-60s I-3m 3-10m 10-30m >30m summed (I) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

1. 5505 3511 1532 2253 3593 7039 28120 51553 2 1606 1260 1196 1051 3303 11178 15947 35541 3 1428 1220 782 1559 1159 13719 9319 29186 4 1216 1141 532 1276 2303 10501 6955 23924 5 1147 837 722 757 2549 7262 6727 20001 6 753 479 286 857 3458 4534 6453 16820 7 601 328 172 1441 3904 5806 2378 14630 8 579 414 194 1328 2971 4944 2264 12694 9 452 329 235 988 2416 4418 2185 11023

10 505 440 198 948 1299 4133 2095 9618 11 398 162 171 857 1002 3784 2017 8391 12 306 131 204 788 2656 1496 1931 7512 13 200 228 422 699 1858 1482 1858 6747 14 401 335 223 573 1361 3087 0 5980 15 363 376 373 158 859 2925 0 5054 16 372 204 214 394 1510 1408 0 4102 17 301 213 151 391 745 1365 0 3166 18 171 117 96 310 412 1363 0 2469 19 102 66 72 315 0 1355 0 1910 20 41 43 0 267 0 1291 0 1642 21 43 36 0 219 0 1233 0 1531 22 27 22 0 203 0 1221 0 1473 23 5 59 0 166 221 968 0 1419 24 3 78 0 161 214 927 0 1383 25 16 75 33 95 196 919 0 1334 26 10 155 33 178 0 909 0 1285 27 0 33 31 177 0 909 0 1150 28 1 75 87 92 0 885 0 1140 29 0 51 54 91 0 885 0 1081 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

------'--------- 16 ---- APR'92 - MAR'93---

EU1:ITS-INTEL 770 B

DRY SEASON

Event duration analysis of Excess Attenuation Number of fades above level (dB) for duration categories Over period: 01 AUG 92 00:00:00 - 30 NOV 92 24:00:00


dB < lOs 10-30s 30-60s 1-3m 3-10m 10-30m >30m summed (1) (2 ) (3) (4) (5 ) (6) (7)

1 1251 191 35 22 11 6 12 1528 2 400 72 28 11 10 8 7 536 3 362 65 18 16 4 12 4 481 4 332 65 13 12 7 10 3 442 5 314 49 17 7 8 8 3 406 6 226 29 7 8 8 4 3 285 7 185 20 5 12 10 5 1 238 8 161 24 4 12 8 4 1 214 9 128 19 6 11 7 4 1 176

10 137 24 5 8 4 4 1 183 11 110 9 4 8 3 4 1 139 12 87 7 4 7 6 1 1 113 13 64 14 8 7 5 1 1 100 14 108 17 5 6 5 2 0 143 15 105 20 8 2 3 2 0 140 16 111 12 5 4 5 1 0 138 17 91 13 3 4 3 1 0 115 18 52 7 3 4 2 1 0 69 19 32 5 2 2 0 1 0 42 20 19 2 0 2 0 1 0 24 21 13 2 0 2 0 1 0 18 22 8 1 0 2 0 1 0 12 23 3 3 0 2 1 1 0 10 24 2 4 0 2 1 1 0 10 25 4 4 1 1 1 1 0 12 26 5 8 1 1 0 1 0 16 27 0 2 1 2 0 1 0 6 28 1 4 2 1 0 1 0 9 29 0 3 1 1 0 1 0 6 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

------------,---- 17 ----,--- APR'92 - MAR'93i---

EU1:ITS-II\lTEL 770 B

YEAR 91/92

Event duration analysis of Excess Attenuation Total duration of fades above level (dB) for duration categories over period: 01 APR 92 00:00:00- 31 MAY 92 24:00:00

01 AUG 92 00:00:00- 31 MAR 93 24:00:00


dB < lOs 10-30s 30-60s I-3m 3-10m 10-30m >30m summed (1) (2) (3) (4 ) (5) (6 ) (7)

1 28593 19724 9827 16987 30445 71527 162662 339765 2 13622 9923 5318 8136 29488 57653 115592 239732 3 8871 6581 4377 9331 20517 65841 72944 188462 4 7398 5253 3480 8230 20097 53692 55820 153970 5 5669 3883 3223 6287 15661 46867 45015 126605 6 4301 3083 2489 5770 17067 40290 34050 107050 7 3612 2079 1834 6189 16589 36884 24423 91610 8 3031 2364 1927 5330 16868 26891 22784 79195 9 2742 2074 1363 5360 15230 22978 18545 68292

10 2930 2143 1065 4870 12399 16951 17816 58174 11 2267 1552 1063 5563 8779 14959 15145 49328 12 1880 1372 1230 3856 10941 11703 11289 42271 13 1750 1276 1513 2691 10680 7501 11043 36454 14 1416 1453 859 3327 8297 10989 4965 31306 15 1248 1238 1005 2447 5652 10649 4817 27056 16 945 934 726 2506 5688 8412 4590 23801 17 819 971 889 2015 3847 8033 4264 20838 18 557 710 856 1797 2505 7543 4245 18213 19 490 762 627 1831 1241 7329 4239 16519 20 262 741 477 1372 1294 4988 4168 13302 21 192 493 440 1139 602 3217 2160 8243 22 171 367 332 683 504 3170 2159 7386 23 70 346 184 664 942 2574 2157 6937 24 23 460 207 544 880 2485 2153 6752 25 19 370 292 705 437 2470 2095 6388 26 28 583 375 518 810 3962 0 6276 27 10 483 495 403 806 3894 0 6091 28 10 592 374 243 1298 2384 0 4901 29 0 66 54 471 0 1672 0 2263 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

-------------- 18 --~- APRl 92 - MAR'93---

EUT-ITS-INTEL 770 B

YEAR 91/92

Event duration analysis of Excess Attenuation Number of fades above level (dB) for duration categories over period: 01 APR 92 00:00:00- 31 MAY 92 24:00:00

01 AUG 92 00:00:00- 31 MAR 93 24:00:00


dB <: ~Os ~0-30s 30-60s 1-3m 3-10m 10-30m >30m summed (1) (2) (3 ) (4) (5) (6) (7)

~ 7120 1133 228 166 89 66 52 8854 2 3693 583 125 78 88 50 40 4657 3 2431 382 103 93 63 55 24 3151 4 2039 301 80 83 64 49 19 2635 5 ~583 237 75 58 50 45 17 2065 6 1245 180 59 54 49 38 13 1638 7 1074 122 42 57 44 34 9 1382 8 884 140 46 49 46 26 9 1200 9 773 120 34 52 43 23 7 1052

~O 828 126 26 44 37 18 7 1086 ~~ 639 86 25 53 24 17 6 850 ~2 559 76 27 37 28 12 5 744 ~3 508 74 33 25 29 6 5 680 14 446 80 20 31 26 7 2 612 ~5 397 68 23 23 18 7 2 538 ~6 305 51 17 26 18 6 2 425 ~7 260 54 20 21 13 6 2 376 ~8 ~76 40 21 17 9 6 2 271 ~9 158 43 15 15 4 6 2 243 20 91 40 11 13 4 4 2 165 21 66 28 ~O 11 2 3 1 121 22 SO 20 8 6 2 3 1 90 23 24 19 5 8 4 3 1 64 24 ~4 24 5 7 4 3 1 58 25 6 20 7 7 2 3 1 46 26 9 30 9 4 2 4 0 58 27 2 26 12 4 2 4 0 SO 28 2 31 9 2 3 3 0 SO 29 a 4 1 4 0 2 0 11 30 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 a

-------------- .19 ---- APR'92 - MAR'93---

------------------- EUT-ITS-INTEL 770 B --


2.1.2. Beacon attenuation Diurnal characteristics


Wet season . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 21 Dry season . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • 21 Year 92/93 ................................... 22


Wet season . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Dry season . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Year 92/93 ..........•.....................•.. 27

-------------- 20 ---- APR'92 - MAR'93---

------------------- EUT-ITS-INTEL 770 B __

-0 co o ..... ~"""

hours (GMT) ~ ~ co .... ~N

N

dB

Wet season

100

Dry season

-0 co o ..... ~~

hours (GMT) ..... ~ co ..... ~~

dB

-------------- 21 ---- APR'92 - MAR'93;-__

------------------- EUT-ITS-INTEL 770 B --

hours (GMT)

Year 92/93

-------------- 22 ---- APR'92 - MAR'93,-'---

EUT-ITS-INTEL 770 B

WET SEASON Diurnal Characteristics of Excess Attenuation on Hourly Basis over period: 01 APR 92 00:00:00- 31 MAY 92 24:00:00

01 DEC 92 00:00:00- 31 MAR 93 24:00:00

Hour Excess Attenuation in categories (dB) (GMT) 0-1 1-2 2-3 3-4 4-5 5-6 6-7 7-8 0 000.3745 000.2234 000.1649 000.0654 000.0083 00000000 00000000 00000000 1 001.6505 000.6705 000.2952 000.1913 0000.141 000.0092 000.0000 000.0000 2 0001.728 001.4003 0001.388 001.2815 001.0817 001.0617 000.9435 000.7996 3 001.5678 001.1745 001.1912 001.2007 0001.096 0001.124 001.1805 001. 3044 4 002.3994 0002.102 001.7613 001.2852 001.1096 001. 0873 000.9587 000.9248 5 001.8036 001.7577 001.8857 001.9059 001.9297 001.9985 001. 9887 001.7206 6 002.6626 003.1754 003.6837 004.2117 004.5009 004.6393 004.6818 0004.318 7 004.7111 006.3642 007.1903 007.7742 008.3181 008.8786 009.4167 010.2262 8 006.9467 008.4556 009.7855 010.7735 011.3822 011.6754 011.8361 012.2631 9 007.0764 008.2569 008.6661 009.3118 0009.705 009.8173 010.3158 010.6715

10 00008.87 00009.81 008.5354 006.8765 006.6379 006.7324 006.9043 0006.432 11 009.8967 009.3488 008.9391 008.8484 008.7033 008.0454 0007.534 007.5264 12 006.9004 009.1227 010.6203 011.4682 012.0516 012.6261 013.0685 013.3916 13 004.6886 005.8085 006.4274 007.1449 007.3208 007.4866 007.6011 007.8971 14 003.1254 003.5513 0003.567 003.4891 003.4629 003.6034 003.7232 004.0384 15 004.7306 0005.066 005.2077 005.6326 0006.206 006.6993 006.7387 006.8369 16 004.8719 0004.043 004.0926 003.4534 002.8787 002.5344 002.2441 002.1128 17 005.2824 004.5028 0004.232 004.2419 003.9672 003.5887 0003.497 003.2691 18 004.6614 003.0483 002.4423 002.2311 002.2071 001.9719 001. 7561 001. 3436 19 001. 9293 001.9858 002.0338 002.0083 001.6772 001.5709 001.2984 0001.088 20 003.8533 002.7437 002.1992 002.1021 001.9561 001.8141 001.7388 001. 4929 21 004.7295 003.2782 002.7302 002.1287 001.5189 001.1718 001.0279 0001.083 22 003.9609 003.0692 002.1577 001.6795 0001.485 001.1727 000.7877 000.4555 23 001.5791 001.0409 000.8035 000.6941 0000.655 000.6909 000.7585 000.8046

8-9 9-10 10-11 11-12 12-13 13-14 14-15 15-16 0 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 1 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 2 0000.648 000.4883 0000.371 000.2733 000.2053 000.0869 000.0079 000.0000 3 001.3955 001.5075 001.7225 001.8728 0002.059 002.2158 002.3573 002.6634 4 000.9684 001.0226 001.0488 000.8199 000.6892 000.5481 000.3942 000.0909 5 001. 2507 000.8473 000.5815 000.4539 000.3404 000.3309 000.3469 000.3363 6 004.1105 003.9065 003.9224 003.8667 003.3473 002.3862 001.2851 00000.55 7 010.9959 0011.927 013.0926 014.4331 015.7914 0017.188 017.8571 018.2665 8 012.5304 0012.628 013.0725 013.0713 013.3808 013.3046 0013.245 013.4533 9 0010.636 009.7951 008.6929 0008.242 008.1123 007.6399 007.4306 007.3493

10 006.0224 006.0826 005.8875 005.9082 005.4682 004.0104 003.4137 002.9497 11 007.7207 007.7449 007.6181 007.4126 007.3022 007.1185 007.1153 007.4175 12 013.4607 013.3426 013.4976 00014.01 015.0769 016.4428 017.4156 018.2165 13 007.9884 008.2128 008.2077 007.9331 007.5272 007.7134 00008.29 0008.931 14 004.3767 004.6296 004.6703 004.0046 003.3164 003.0513 002.7278 002.3225 15 0006.941 007.4046 007.7304 008.2397 008.6045 009.4178 010.1348 010.6309 16 002.1064 002.3752 002.7613 003.2345 003.7017 003.9169 004.0642 004.4041 17 003.1933 003.1664 002.9879 002.8329 002.6216 002.4731 002.0183 001.2044 18 001.1015 000.8558 0000.752 000.4516 000.1716 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 19 001.0415 000.8728 000.6858 000.6369 000.0169 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 20 001.5213 001.4734 001.3255 001.3238 001.3867 001.5139 001.5689 001.1363 21 001.1205 001.0974 000.8863 000.7011 000.6413 000.4311 000.1695 000.0000 22 000.1536 000.0136 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 23 000.7168 000.6057 000.4853 000.2781 000.2391 000.2105 000.1577 000.0773

-------------- 23 ---- APR'92 - MAR'931---

EUT-ITS-INTEL 770 B

WET SEASON Diurnal Characteristics of Excess Attenuation on Hourly Basis over period: 01 APR 92 00:00:00- 31 MAY 92 24:00:00

01 DEC 92 00:00:00- 31 MAR 93 24:00:00

16-17 17-18 18-19 19-20 20-21 21-22 22-23 23-24 0 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 1 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 2 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 3 002.9443 003.2085 003.5887 003.8264 001. 3722 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 4 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 5 0000.269 0000.266 000.2731 000.2327 000.2058 0000.298 000.3044 000.3262 6 000.2487 0000.017 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 7 018.4578 018.7755 019.1311 018.4133 020.7033 034.0286 036.5635 037.9667 8 013.6251 0014.141 015.0534 015.1619 018.0703 030.2294 033.3502 035.1758 9 006.9242 006.1227 005.3481 005.1954 006.0206 009.9076 0011.128 011. 8884

10 002.4367 0001.873 001. 5053 001.1637 001.0206 001.3558 001. 2007 000.7793 11 00007.64 008.3239 009.3305 010.0212 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 12 018.6202 017.3721 014.3102 013.3753 014.5969 011.8445 011.5001 010.4929 13 009.7112 010.4685 011.0201 011.0206 0011.295 005.9446 0004.414 003.3708 14 001.9341 001. 3977 000.9146 000.7735 000.8834 001.4452 0001.539 000.0000 15 011.3001 012.4943 013.9101 014.9223 018.5763 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 16 004.6804 004.9909 005.5069 005.8936 007.2556 004.9464 000.0000 000.0000 17 000.5889 0000.232 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 18 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 19 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 20 000.6092 000.3169 0000.108 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 21 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 22 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 23 000.0102 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000

-------------- 24 ---- APR'92 - MAR'93---

EUT-ITS-INTEL 770 B

DRY SEASON Diurnal Characteristics of Excess Attenuation on Hourly Basis over period 1 AUG 92 00:00:00 - 30 NOV 92 24:00:00

Hour Excess Attenuation in categories (dB) (GMT) 0-1 1-2 2-3 3-4 4-5 5-6 6-7 7-8 0 000.1277 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 1 001.1117 000.1003 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 2 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 3 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 4 000.0383 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 5 002.1136 004.2886 004.3637 004.4302 004.7936 005.1768 005.6955 005.7516 6 0002.263 000.1284 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000. 000.0000 000.0000 7 003.8697 000.9094 000.0025 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 8 004.0523 004.4134 005.0199 004.9152 005.4048 006.1199 006.8775 007.5937 9 004.5523 001.5145 001.2606 000.9194 000.3575 000.0085 000.0000 000.0000

10 005.9801 0005.256 001.4735 000.5951 000.2752 000.1269 000.0499 000.0231 11 009.5547 013.5411 015.0177 016.3225 016.7542 016.7061 017.3907 017.9592 12 014.6134 024.6583 028.1483 029.0658 030.4307 031. 4541 0032.153 032.9445 13 009.0675 012.1603 015.2852 017.1616 019.5174 0021.515 023.6996 025.2469 14 009.1326 006.5542 006.0799 006.4237 005.9839 004.2294 002.8627 001.4494 15 009.2399 008.2253 007.8011 006.9533 007.1099 006.5767 004.5983 00003.69 16 001.8806 000.2392 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 17 005.8543 004.1197 002.2735 001.2109 000.8686 000.7232 000.2942 000.0404 18 005.4999 0000.394 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 19 0003.362 003.6746 003.0808 001.4877 000.0071 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 20 002.5076 004.6474 005.3766 005.4894 003.8606 003.2313 003.0373 003.1472 21 004.3613 004.9816 004.7673 005.0253 004.6363 004.1321 003.3415 0002.154 22 000.6322 000.1759 000.0495 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 23 000.1852 000.0176 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000

8-9 9-10 10-11 11-12 12-13 13-14 14-15 15-16 0 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 1 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 2 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 3 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 4 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 5 005.5894 005.1207 004.5905 004.9932 005.3004 004.8484 004.2072 003.6636 6 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 7 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 8 008.0431 008.5783 009.0999 009.5799 009.5338 008.8525 008.6005 0007.627 9 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000

10 000.0067 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 11 0018.854 019.4926 019.4329 018.4093 017.3046 016.1443 013.8237 010.4913 12 032.8609 033.3385 034.9865 036.2139 00037.01 037.4696 037.8506 038.1848 13 026.6029 027.8775 027.9478 0028.354 030.2366 032.6852 0035.518 040.0333 14 000.8825 0000.495 0000.333 000.0938 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 15 002.7546 001.9647 001.3141 000.8548 000.1856 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 16 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 17 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 1B 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 19 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 20 003.0153 002.6918 002.2862 001.5011 000.4291 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 21 001. 3907 000.4409 0000.009 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 22 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 23 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000

-------------- 25 ---- APR'92 - MAR'93~---

EUT-ITS-INTEL 770 B

DRY SEASON Diurnal Characteristics of Excess Attenuation on Hourly Basis over period 1 AUG 92 00:00:00 - 30 !\JOV 92 24:00:00

16-17 17-18 18-19 19-20 20-21 21-22 22-23 23-24 0 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 1 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 2 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 3 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 4 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 5 003.4139 003.0506 002.1283 000.3702 000.0844 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 6 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 7 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 8 007.5863 007.9117 007.8443 007.4787 006.8747 006.5041 006.5443 006.5912 .9 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000

10 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 11 0006.109 0002.381 000.7601 0000.074 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 12 036.2747 030.5556 00022.56 012.5509 006.1999 004.9232 004.2373 003.5416 13 046.6161 056.1012 066.7072 079.5261 0086.841 088.5727 089.2185 089.8672 14 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 15 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 16 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 17 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 18 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 19 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 20 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 21 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 22 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 23 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000

-----------'-----'-- 26 --'---- APR'92 - MAR'93---

EUT-ITS-INTEL 770 B

YEAR 92/93 Diurnal Characteristics of Excess Attenuation on Hourly Basis over period 1 APR 92 00:00:00 - 31 MAY 92 24:00:00

1 AUG 92 00:00:00 - 31 MRT 93 24:00:00

Hour Excess Attenuation in categories (dB) (GMT) 0-1 1-2 2-3 3-4 4-5 5-6 6-7 7-8 0 0000.323 0000.187 000.1381 000.0542 000.0068 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 1 001.5381 000.5776 0000.247 000.1584 000.1164 000.0075 000.0000 000.0000 2 001.3674 0001.172 001.1618 001.0614 000.8933 000.8724 000.7753 000.6559 3 001. 2407 0000.983 000.9971 000.9945 000.9051 000.9237 00000.97 00001.07 4 001. 9068 001.7593 001.4742 001.0645 000.9163 000.8935 000.7878 000.7586 5 001. 8683 002.1703 002.2896 002.3395 002.4284 002.5651 002.6495 0002.445 6 002.5792 002.6787 003.0832 003.4883 003.7171 003.8123 003.8472 0003.542 7 004.5355 0005.475 006.0187 0006.439 006.8695 007.2958 007.7379 008.3884 8 006.3428 007.7966 009.0087 009.7673 010.3413 0010.685 010.9521 011.4239 9 006.5497 007.1577 0007.459 007.8703 008.0772 008.0686 008.4768 008.7537

10 0008.267 009.0676 007.3843 005.7976 005.5298 005.5548 005.6823 005.2803 11 009.8253 010.0323 009.9299 010.1322 010.1053 009.5894 009.2912 009.4013 12 008.5098 011.6554 013.4773 014.4907 015.2523 015.9827 016.4708 016.9055 13 005.6022 0006.844 007.8712 008.8653 009.4448 009.9876 010.4711 011.0151 14 004.3789 004.0408 003.9766 003.9932 003.9019 0003.715 003.5698 003.5731 15 005.6715 005.5811 005.6304 005.8594 006.3634 006.6775 006.3571 006.2713 16 004.2477 003.4229 003.4255 002.8602 002.3774 002.0826 0001.844 001.7331 17 005.4017 004.4403 003.9128 003.7213 003.4276 003.0779 002.9261 002.6889 18 004.8364 002.6156 002.0442 001.8479 001.8227 001. 6204 0001.443 001.1021 19 002.2283 002.2612 002.2044 001.9189 001.3863 001. 2909 001. 0669 000.8925 20 003.5725 003.0541 002.7171 002.6839 002.2878 002.0667 001.9703 001. 7902 21 004.6527 003.5559 003.0622 002.6262 002.0618 001. 6995 001.4404 001. 2754 22 003.2663 002.5975 001.8141 0001.391 001.2264 000.9636 000.6473 000.3736 23 001. 2883 000.8741 000.6725 000.5749 0000.541 000.5678 000.6233 00000.66

8-9 9-10 10-11 11-12 12-13 13-14 14-15 15-16 0 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 ~ 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 2 000.5317 000.4003 000.3034 000.2226 000.1653 000.0689 000.0062 000.0000 3 0001.145 001.2357 001. 4087 001.5251 001. 6571 001. 7568 001.8482 002.0923 4 000.7945 000.8382 000.8577 000.6677 000.5546 000.4346 000.3091 000.0714 5 002.0295 001. 6178 001. 3119 001. 2967 001. 3085 001.2666 001.1806 001.0497 6 003.3726 003.2021 003.2077 003.1488 0002.694 001.8919 001.0075 0000.432 7 0009.022 009.7766 010.7071 011.7534 012.7091 013.6278 014.0005 00014.35 8 011.7248 011.8979 012.3487 012.4231 012.6299 012.3824 012.2419 012.2041 9 008.7267 008.0291 007.1091 006.7118 006.5289 006.0574 005.8258 005.7736

~O 004.9425 004.9859 004.8149 004.8113 004.4009 003.1797 002.6765 002.3173 ~1 009.7193 0009.863 009.7707 009.4542 009.2545 0008.988 008.5641 008.0766 ~2 016.9433 016.9479 017.4128 018.1324 0019.358 020.7981 0021. 829 022.4979 13 011.3299 011.7584 011.8043 011.7244 011.9598 012.8859 014.1705 015.5997 ~4 003.7494 003.8841 003.8801 003.2785 002.6691 002.4192 002.1387 001.8245 ~5 006.1895 006.4238 006.5614 006.8686 006.9613 007.4671 0007.946 008.3515 ~6 001.7283 001.9469 002.2582 0002.634 002.9792 003.1055 003.1864 003.4598 ~7 002.6201 002.5955 002.4435 002.3069 002.1099 001.9608 001.5824 000.9462 18 000.9038 000.7015 0000.615 000.3677 000.1381 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 19 000.8545 000.7155 000.5609 000.5187 000.0136 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 20 001.7895 001. 6931 001.5005 001. 3567 001.1998 001. 2003 001. 2301 000.8926 21 0001.169 000.9791 000.7265 000.5709 000.5162 000.3418 000.1329 000.0000 22 0000.126 000.0112 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 23 000.5881 000.4965 000.3969 000.2264 000.1924 000.1669 000.1236 000.0607

-------------- 27 ---- APR'92 - MAR'93,---

EUT-ITS-INTEL 770 B

YEAR 92/93 Diurnal Characteristics of Excess Attenuation on Hourly Basis over period 1 APR 92 00:00:00 - 31 MAY 92 24:00:00

1 AUG 92 00:00:00 - 31 MRT 93 24:00:00

16-17 17-18 18-19 19-20 20-21 21-22 22-23 23-24 0 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 1. 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 2 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 3 002.3474 002.6124 002.9685 003.2293 001.1403 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 4 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 5 000.9066 000.7833 000.5937 000.2542 000.1853 000.2241 0000.224 000.2384 6 000.1983 000.0138 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 7 014.7159 015.2875 015.8251 015.5401 017.2048 025.5882 026.9006 027.7447 8 012.4008 012.9838 013.8076 0013.963 016.1785 024.3446 0026.266 027.4798 9 005.5205 004.9853 004.4239 004.3847 005.0032 007.4501 008.1871 008.6876

1.0 001.9427 001. 5251 001. 2452 000.9821 000.8481 001.0195 000.8834 000.5695 1.1 007.3296 007.2199 007.8495 008.4691 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 1.2 022.1993 019.8212 015.7358 013.2467 0013.178 010.1277 009.5807 008.6214 1.3 017.1928 018.9458 020.6431 00021.71 0024.061 026.4396 026.8259 026.6587 1.4 0001.542 0001.138 000.7566 000.6528 000.7341 001.0867 001.1323 000.0000 15 009.0092 010.1732 011.5063 012.5939 015.4372 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 1.6 003.7316 004.0638 004.5552 0004.974 006.0295 003.7195 000.0000 000.0000 17 000.4695 000.1889 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 1.8 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 19 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 20 000.4857 0000.258 000.0893 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 21 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 22 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 23 000.0081 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000 000.0000

-------------- 28 ---- APR'92 - MAR'93s---

------------------- EUT-ITS-INTEL 770 B--




Distribution of mean medium temperature with 10%, 90% extremes and 50% (median) for Wet season, Dry season and Year 92/93 ................. 30


Distribution of medium temperature for Wet season, Dry season and Year 92/93 ................... 31

-------------- 29 ---- APR'92 - MAR'93s----

w o

» "'D :0 .. CD N

I s: » :I;! CD W

400

380

360

340

300 E I-

290

260

240

340

.;!.20

" JOli E I-280

Tm VS. Attenuation Tm-At tenua t f on

3 4 5 6 9 10 Year 3 Attenuation [dB]

Tm vs. Attenuation 400r

11 12

m C ;-I -I CJ) •

Z -I m r ....... ....... o CD

EUT-ITS-INTEL 770 B

10%, 50%, and 90% extreme values of medium temperature for 2-12 dB

MONTH ATT. [dB] Tm[K] WET SEASON 10% 50% 90%

2 212 313 406 3 248 313 371 4 265 310 350 5 267 304 336 6 268 302 328 7 270 301 323 8 274 300 319 9 277 299 315

10 277 296 312 11 281 296 310 12 281 296 309

MONTH ATT. [dB] Tm[K] DRY SEASON 10% 50% 90%

2 131 241 369 3 228 298 353 4 239 285 336 5 255 295 323 6 265 292 316 7 267 293 311 8 268 289 312 9 270 288 307

10 270 289 304 11 270 290 303 12 268 290 304

MONTH ATT. [dB] Tm[K] YEAR 92/93 10% 50% 90%

2 199 309 403 3 246 311 369 4 260 307 348 5 265 303 334 6 267 300 327 7 269 299 322 8 272 298 318 9 275 297 314

10 274 295 311 11 277 295 309 12 278 296 308

-------------- 31 ---- APR'92 - MAR'93---

------------------- EUT-ITS-INTEL 770 B --




Cumulative statistics for Wet season, Dry season Year 92/93, Worst month . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . .. 33 Cumulative statistics of months of year 92/93 ............... 34


Comparitive table for Wet season, Dry season Year 92/93, Worst month . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . 35 Wet season ...............................•....... 36 Dry season .................................••.•.. 37 Worst month ............•......................... 38 Year 92/93 ...................................•... 39

-------------- 32 ---- APR'92 - MAR'93,---

» ." ::x::J .. CO I\)

I s: » ::q CO W

350.

32S.

300

;;'75

>250

~25 200

175

150

125 ..

100

75

50

200 ..

175 ..

150

125

100

75

SO

Sky noise temperature Sky noise temperature

m C ~ -I en

I

Z -I m r-....... ....... 0 I:»

% of time Worst month % of time

Sky noise temperature Months of Year 92/93

1

. ··············12· 275 ... c .->250 ..

(])

~225 ....

200 ...

~ 17 5+ ................. , ........................... , ........ .

» '"'C ::c .. (0 N

I s:: » ::c .. (0 W

'\5

125 .................. , .............................. , .... .

100

50 ..

25 ...

O,~----r-----~-----+-----r-------r----~----T-------r---~~--~------~ . 001

Processed: 99.8671 % of total time % 0 f time

m C ;-I -I en

I

Z -I m r -...J -...J o OJ

EUT-ITS-INTEL 770 B

Sky noise temperature [Kelvin1

% WET SEASON DRY SEASON YEAR 92/93 WORST MONTH

.00100 309.3 299.6 308.5 309.8

.00200 308.5 299.1 307.1 309.7

.00300 307.8 298.7 305.6 309.5

.00400 307.0 298.3 304.1 309.4

.00500 306.3 297.8 302.6 309.2

.00600 305.5 297.4 301.2 309.1

.00700 304.8 296.9 300.0 308.9

.00800 304.1 296.5 299.8 308.8

.00900 303.3 296.1 299.6 308.6

.01000 302.6 295.6 299.4 308.5

.02000 299.1 291.3 297.3 307.0

.03000 297.8 286.7 295.3 305.5

.04000 296.5 282.0 293.3 303.9

.05000 295.2 276.3 291.3 302.4

.06000 293.9 270.0 289.4 300.9

.07000 292.6 265.1 287.8 299.8

.08000 291.3 260.2 286.1 299.4

.09000 290.0 256.1 284.5 298.9

.10000 288.9 252.1 282.8 298.5

.20000 279.0 210.5 266.8 293.9

.30000 270.2 159.2 248.0 289.3

.40000 259.2 114.6 227.1 283.4

.50000 246.0 89.7 205.4 277.6

.60000 231.2 74.0 184.6 271.8

.70000 217.3 61.6 164.1 262.6

.80000 203.5 55.4 145.8 251.1

.90000 190.3 50.1 131.5 239.8 1.00000 177.1 46.7 119.0 229.2 2.00000 95.5 29.0 62.2 136.0 3.00000 66.8 25.7 46.3 84.1 4.00000 54.0 22.5 37.5 68.7 5.00000 46.0 14.8 31.4 59.2

-------------- 35 ---- APR'92 - MAR'93,---

------------------- EUT-ITS-INTEL 770 B --

WET SEASON

Cumulative Statistics of Sky noise temperature over period: 01 APR 92 00:00:00- 31 MAY 92 24:00:00

01 DEC 92 00:00:00- 31 MAR 93 24:00:00

Lo, Hi : Signal value in Kelvin Lo < = S < Hi: Number of seconds that signal was between Lo and Hi, #secs> Lo: Number of seconds that signal was higher then Lo, and %time : Percentage of time that signal was higher then Lo INF : Infinity UNDEF : Undefined

Lo UNDEF

-INF o

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350

Lo<=S<Hi 74633

12014953 o

111745 2158869

435548 243644 150314

96986 62429 41949 37495 26130 21835 21494 19674 15406 13689 12936 11986 11855 11952 11550 11220 11388 10159 11106 12197 14410 17713 15518 11908

2109 o o o o o

Hi -INF

o 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350

+INF

#secs;>Lo 15724800 15650167

3635214 3635214 3523469 1364600

929052 685408 535094 438108 375679 333730 296235 270105 248270 226776 207102 191696 178007 165071 153085 141230 129278 117728 106508

95120 84961 73855 61658 47248 29535 14017

2109 o o o o o

%time 100.4769

100 23.228 23.228

22.5139 8.7194 5.9364 4.3796 3.4191 2.7994 2.4005 2.1324 1. 8929 1.7259 1.5864

1.449 1.3233 1.2249 1.1374 1.0548

.9782

.9024 .826

.7522

.6806

.6078

.5429

.4719 .394

.3019

.1887

.0896

.0135 o o o o o

-------------- 36 ---- APR'92 - MAR'93---

------------------- EUT-ITS-INTEL 770 B --

DRY SEASON

Cumulative Statistics of Sky noise temperature over period: 01 JUN 92 00:00:00- 30 NOV 92 24:00:00


Lo UNDEF

-INF

Lo<=S<Hi 397268

14496987 113082

69713

Hi -INF

#secs>Lo 15811200 15413932

%time 102.5773

o 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350

473970 74855 46334 29032 12665 12086

8364 5808 7893 3244 3498 3959 3768 2636 3023 3090 2645 3498 2799 2962 3045 4565 4181 3839 3158 2416 3288 3529

o o o o o o

o 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350

+INF

916945 803863 734150 260180 185325 138991 109959

97294 85208 76844 71036 63143 59899 56401 52442 48674 46038 43015 39925 37280 33782 30983 28021 24976 20411 16230 12391

9233 6817 3529

o o o o o o

100 5.9488 5.2152 4.7629

1.688 1.2023

.9017

.7134

.6312

.5528

.4985

.4609

.4096

.3886

.3659

.3402

.3158

.2987

.2791 .259

.2419

.2192 .201

.1818 .162

.1324

.1053

.0804

.0599

.0442

.0229 o o o o o o

-------------- 37 ---- APR'92 - MAR'93---

------------------- EUT-ITS-INTEL 770 B--

WORST MONTH

Cumulative Statistics of Sky noise temperature over period: 01 APR 92 00:00:00- 31 MAR 93 24:00:00

Lo, Hi : Signal value in Kelvin Lo < == S < Hi: Number of seconds that signal was between Lo and Hi, #secs> Lo: Number of second~ that signal was higher then Lo, and %time : Percentage of time that signal was higher then Lo INF : Infinity UNDEF : Undefined

Lo UNDEF

-INF o

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350

Lo<=S<Hi o 1 o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o

Hi -INF

o 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350

+INF

#secs>Lo 1 1 a a a a a a a a a a o a o o o o o a a a a a a o a a o o a o o a a a a a

%time 100 100

37.059 37.059

36.7562 13.5739

8.6644 6.1959 4.8954 3.8679

3.163 2.7685 2.5429 2.3768 2.2172 2.0836 1.9449 1.8175 1.6938 1.5868 1.4777 1.3769 1.2764 1.1884 1.0907

.9917

.8982

.8092

.7241

.6314

.4589

.2872

.0661 a a a a a

----------------- 38 --.....-- APR'92 - MAR'93---

------------------ EUT-ITS-INTEL 770 B--

YEAR 91/92

Cumulative Statistics of Sky noise temperature over period: 01 APR 92 00:00:00- 31 MAR 93 24:00:00


Lo UNDEF

-INF o

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350

Lo<=S<Hi 471901

26511940 113082 181458

2632839 510403 289978 179346 109651

74515 50313 43303 34023 25079 24992 23633 19174 16325 15959 15076 14500 15450 14349 14182 14433 14724 15287 16036 17568 20129 18806 15437

2109 o o o o o

Hi -INF

o 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350

+INF

#secs>Lo 31536000 31064099

4552159 4439077 4257619 1624780 1114377

824399 645053 535402 460887 410574 367271 333248 308169 283177 259544 240370 224045 208086 193010 178510 163060 148711 134529 120096 105372

90085 74049 56481 36352 17546

2109 o o o o o

%time 101.5191

100 14.6541 14.2901 13.7059

5.2304 3.5873 2.6539 2.0765 1.7235 1. 4837 1.3217 1.1823 1.0728

.992 .9116 .8355 .7738 .7212 .6699 .6213 .5747 .5249 .4787 .4331 .3866 .3392

.29 .2384 .1818

.117 .0565 .0068

o o o o o

-------------- 39 ---- APR'92 - MAR'93---

------------------- EUT-ITS-INTEL 770 B --




Cumulative distributions of measured and derived total attenuation for Wet season, Dry season and Year 92/93 ............ 41


Cumulative distributions of Wet season ..........................•... 42 Dry season ............•••............... 43 Year 92/93 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

Difference between cumulative distributions of Wet season ............•••............... 45 Dry season ................................ 46 Year 92/93 ............................... 47

-------------- 40 ---- APR'92 - MAR'93,---

Measured and derived total attenuation 12

7 .

5 .

2 .

» ""tI ~ CD N

I ~ » :XJ .. <0 W

% of t I me

Measured and derived total attenuation

~ .Tm=300 -'--------* T m = 2 9 0 K

Tm=280 K ~Tm=270 K

Trn=260K

o 2 0 5

Dry season % of time

m C

" -I en

I

Z I ...,

m r -...J -...J 0 OJ

EUT-ITS-INTEL 770 B

WET SEASON

CUMULATIVE DISTRIBUTIONS OF MEASURED ATTENUATION (ATT.) AND DERIVED ATTENUATION over period: 01 APR 92 00:00:00- 31 MAY 92 24:00:00

01 DEC 92 00:00:00- 31 MAR 93 24:00:00


250K 260K 270K 280K 290K 300K .001 .002 .003 .004 .005 .006 .007 .008 .009

.01

.02 22.8

.03 19.6

.04 21.9 17.6

.05 21.1 16.7

.06 20.7 16.2

.07 20.4 15.7

.08 20. 15.2

.09 19.4 14.7 . 1 18.5 23 . 14.1 .2 13.1 24.3 14.2 11. 5 .3 10.7 14.5 11. 6 10. .4 8.9 14. 11.3 9.7 8.6 .5 7.5 17.5 12.5 10.4 9.1 8.1 7.4 .6 6.3 11.2 9.5 8.4 7.5 6.9 6.4 .7 5.4 8.8 7.8 7. 6.4 5.9 5.5 .8 4.7 7.2 6.6 6. 5.6 5.2 4.9 .9 4.1 6.2 5.7 5.2 4.9 4.6 4.3 1. 3.6 5.3 4.9 4.6 4.3 4. 3.8 2. 1.3 2. 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.6 3. .7 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.1 1. 4. .2 1. 1. . 9 . 9 . 9 .9 5. .9 .8 .8 .8 .8 .7

-------------- 42 ---- APR'92 - MAR'93,---

EUT-ITS-INTEL 770 8

DRY SEASON

CUMULATIVE DISTRIBUTIONS OF MEASURED ATTENUATION (ATT.) AND DERIVED ATTENUATION over period: 01 AUG 92 00:00:00- 30 NOV 92 24:00:00


250K 260K 270K 2BOK 290K 300K .001 1B.1 .002 17.9 .003 17.B .004 17.7 .005 17.6 .006 17.5 .007 17.3 .OOB 17.2 .009 17.

.01 16.9

.02 23.3 15.9

.03 1B.7 15.1

. 04 17.3 23 . 14.1

.05 16.3 1B.4 13.2

.06 15.2 15.9 12.4

.07 14.2 23. 14. 11.4

.OB 12.9 16.5 12.5 10.5

.09 11. B 14.5 11. 6 10. .1 10.9 1B.7 13.1 10.B 9.4 .2 6.3 9.4 B.3 7.4 6.B 6.2 5.B .3 3.9 5.1 4.7 4.4 4.1 3.9 3.7 .4 2.4 3. 2.B 2.7 2.5 2.4 2.3 .5 1.B 1.9 1.9 1.B 1.7 1.6 1.5 .6 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.2 .7 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.1 1. 1. .B .9 1. 1. 1. 1. .9 · 9 .9 . 9 1. .9 .9 .9 .9 · 9 1. . B . 9 .9 .9 .9 .B · B 2. 0 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 3. .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 4. .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 5. .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2

-------------- 43 ---- APR'92 - MAR'93i---

EUT-ITS-INTEL 770 B

YEAR 91/92

CUMULATIVE DISTRIBUTIONS OF MEASURED ATTENUATION (ATT.) AND DERIVED ATTENUATION over period: 01 APR 92 00:00:00- 31 MAY 92 24:00:00

01 AUG 92 00:00:00- 31 MAR 93 24:00:00


250K 260K 270K 280K 290K 300K .001 .002 .003 .004 .005 .006 .007 .008 .009

.01

.02 18.8

.03 22.9 17.1

.04 21. 16.4

.05 20.4 15.7

.06 19.8 15.2

.07 18.9 14.5

.08 17.7 21. 7 13.9

. 09 16.9 19 . 13.4 . 1 16 . 17.5 12.9 .2 11.4 15.7 12.2 10.3 .3 8.8 19.6 13.2 10.8 9.4 8.4 .4 6.9 13.3 10.8 9.3 8.2 7.4 6.8 .5 5.6 8.9 7.9 7.1 6.5 6. 5.6 . 6 4.6 6.9 6.3 5.8 5.4 5 . 4.7 .7 3.8 5.5 5.1 4.7 4.5 4.2 4. .8 3.1 4.5 4.2 3.9 3.7 3.5 3.3 .9 2.7 3.8 3.5 3.4 3.2 3. 2.9 1. 2.3 3.3 3.1 2.9 2.8 2.6 2.5 2. .8 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.1 3. .3 .9 .9 . 9 .9 .8 .8 4. .8 .7 .7 .7 .7 .6 5. .6 .6 .5 .5 .5 .5

--------------- 44 ---- APR'92 - MAR'93---

EUT-ITS-INTEL 770 B

WET SEASON

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CUMULATIVE DISTRIBUTIONS OF MEASURED ATTENUATION (ATT.) AND DERIVED ATT. over period: 01 APR 92 00:00:00- 31 MAY 92 24:00:00

01 DEC 92 00:00:00- 31 MAR 93 24:00:00


250K 260K 270K 280K 290K 300K .001 .002 .003 .004 .005 .006 .007 .008 .009

.01

.02

.03

.04 21.9 -7.6 -7.5 -7.5 -8. -7.9 4.3

.05 21.1 -8.3 -8.3 -8.3 -8.7 -8.6 4.4

.06 20.7 -8.7 -8.7 -8.7 -9.1 -9. 4.5

.07 20.4 -9.1 -9.1 -9 . -9.5 -9.3 4.7

. 08 20. -9.4 -9.4 -9.4 -9.8 -9.6 4.8

.09 19.4 -10. -10. -10. -10.4 -10.1 4.7 .1 18.5 -10.9 -10.9 -10.8 -11.2 -4.5 4.4 .2 13.1 -16.2 -16.1 -16.1 -11.2 -1.1 1.6 .3 10.7 -18.4 -18.4 -18.3 -3.8 -.9 .8 .4 8.9 -20.1 -17.1 -5 . -2.3 -.7 .3 . 5 7.5 -10. -5. -2.9 -1. 6 -.6 .1 .6 6.3 -4.9 -3.2 -2.1 -1.2 -.6 -.1 .7 5.4 -3.4 -2.4 -1. 6 -1. -.6 -.2 .8 4.7 -2.6 -1. 9 -1.4 -.9 -.5 -.2 .9 4.1 -2.1 -1. 6 -1. 2 -.8 -.5 -.2 1. 3.6 -1. 7 -1. 3 -1. -.7 -.4 -.2 2. 1.3 -.7 -.6 -.5 -.4 -.4 -.3 3. .7 -.7 -.6 -.6 -.5 -.4 -.4 4. .2 -.8 -.8 -.7 -.7 -.7 -.7 5.

-------------- 45 ---- APR'92 - MAR'93,---

EUT-ITS-INTEL 770 B

DRY SEASON

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CUMULATIVE DISTRIBUTIONS OF MEASURED ATTENUATION (ATT.) AND DERIVED ATT. over period: 01 AUG 92 00:00:00- 30 NOV 92 24:00:00


250K 260K 270K 280K 290K 300K .001 .002 .003 .004 .005 .006 .007 .008 .009

.01

.02 23.3 -6.1 -6.1 -6.1 -6.5 -6.4 7.5

.03 18.7 -10.7 -10.6 10.6 -11. -10.9 3.6

.04 17.3 -12. -12. -11. 9 -12.4 -5.6 3.2

. 05 16.3 -13. -13. -13. -13.4 -2.2 3 .

.06 15.2 -14. -14. -13.9 -14.3 -.7 2.8

.07 14.2 -15. -15. -14.9 -8.8 .2 2.8

.08 12.9 -16.3 -16.2 -16.1 -3.6 .4 2.4

.09 11.8 -17.4 -17.3 -17.2 -2.7 .2 1.8 .1 10.9 -18.2 -18.1 -7.8 -2.1 .1 1.5 .2 6.3 -3.1 -2. -1.1 -.5 .1 .5 .3 3.9 -1.2 -.8 -.5 -.3 0 .2 .4 2.4 -.6 -.4 -.3 -.1 0 .1 .5 1.8 -.2 -.1 0 .1 .2 .2 .6 1.4 -.1 0 .1 .1 .2 .2 .7 1.1 -.2 -.1 0 0 .1 .1 .8 .9 -.1 0 0 0 0 0 .9 .9 -.1 -.1 -.1 0 0 0 1. .8 -.1 -.1 -.1 -.1 0 0 2. 0 -.5 -.5 -.5 -.5 -.4 -.4 3. 4. 5.

-------------- 46 ---- APR'92 - MAR'93---

EUT-ITS-INTEL 770 B

YEAR 91/92

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CUMULATIVE DISTRIBUTIONS OF MEASURED ATTENUATION (ATT.) AND DERIVED ATT. over period: 01 APR 92 00:00:00- 31 MAY 92 24:00:00

01 AUG 92 00:00:00- 31 MAR 93 24:00:00


250K 260K 270K 280K 290K 300K .001 .002 .003 .004 .005 .006 .007 .008 .009

.01

.02 --

.03 22.9 -6.5 -6.5 -6.5 -7. -6.9 5.8

.04 21. -8.4 -8.4 -8.4 -8.9 -8.7 4.6

.05 20.4 -9. -9. -8.9 -9.4 -9.2 4.7

.06 19.8 -9.6 -9.6 -9.5 -10. -9.8 4.6

.07 18.9 -10.5 -10.5 -10.4 -10.8 -10.6 4.4

.08 17.7 -11.7 -11.6 -11.6 -12. -4. 3.8

.09 16.9 -12.5 -12.5 -12.4 -12.8 -2.1 3.5 . 1 16 . -13.4 -13.3 -13.3 -13.7 -1.5 3. .2 11.4 -17.8 -17.8 -17.7 -4.3 -.8 1.1 .3 8.8 -20.2 -10.8 -4.3 -2. -.5 .5 .4 6.9 -6.4 -3.8 -2.3 -1.3 -.5 .1 .5 5.6 -3.4 -2.3 -1.6 -1. -.5 0 .6 4.6 -2.3 -1. 7 -1.2 -.8 -.4 -.1 .7 3.8 -1.7 -1.3 -1 . -.7 -.4 -.2 . 8 3.1 -1.4 -1.1 -.8 -.6 -.4 -.2 .9 2.7 -1.1 -.9 -.7 -.5 -.3 -.2 1. 2.3 -1. -.8 -.6 -.5 -.4 -.2 2. .8 -.6 -.5 -.5 -.4 -.3 -.3 3. .3 -.7 -.7 -.6 -.6 -.6 -.6 4. 5.

-------------- 47 ---- APR'92 - MAR'93---

------------------- EUT-ITS-INTEL 770 B --


2.5. Rainfall rat~ data analysis


Cumulative statistics for Wet season, Dry season Year 92/93, Worst month . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Cumulative statistics of months of year 92/93 ............... 50


Comparitive table for Wet season, Dry season Year 92/93, Worst month . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . • .. 51 Wet season ....................................... 52 Dry season ....................................... 53 Worst month ...................................... 54 Year 92/93 ....................................... 55

-------------- 48 ---- APR'92 - MAR'93,---

175

100

75

50

25 .

100 .

75

50 .

25

Rain Intensity

o 2 0 5

Year 92/93 % of time

Rain intensity

% of time

m C oi ~ en

I

Z ~ m r -...J -...J o OJ

':J o

200

175

~ 100 ...

Rain Intensity

Processed: 100 % of tota I time

Months of year 92/93

% of time

m C of

cri I

Z --i m r -..J -..J o OJ

------------------- EUT-ITS-INTEL 770 B--

Rain intensity [mm/hour]

% Wet season Dry season Year 92/93 Worst month .00100 . 0 147.1 181.2 .0 .00200 179.0 136.0 167.6 .0 .00300 172.3 128.4 150.5 195.3 .00400 163.4 123.3 145.0 185.3 .00500 153.1 119.2 139.9 178.4 .00600 147.7 117.0 136.3 173.6 .00700 144.5 114.7 132.7 168.9 .00800 141.3 111.2 129.4 164.5 .00900 138.7 108.3 126.6 160.2 .01000 136.4 105.9 123.8 156.5 .02000 118.5 89.2 106.4 137.0 .03000 106.7 74.2 96.1 126.3 .04000 99.2 65.2 86.4 118.7 .05000 92.2 58.0 77.8 115.2 .06000 85.5 52.0 71. 9 108.4 .07000 79.2 46.3 67.0 103.6 .08000 75.0 41.2 62.5 100.5 .09000 71.0 36.7 58.6 97.4 .10000 67.7 32.6 55.5 94.4 .20000 44.6 10.9 30.3 69.3 .30000 29.7 3.9 17.9 53.7 .40000 20.8 1.8 11.3 40.4 .50000 14.9 1.0 7.9 30.3 .60000 11.4 .7 5.1 23.6 .70000 9.0 .5 3.8 19.1 .80000 7.3 .3 2.8 15.4 .90000 5.6 .1 2.2 13.1

1.00000 4.5 . 0 1..8 11. 0 2.00000 1.0 .0 .2 2.6 3.00000 .2 .0 .0 1.4 4.00000 .0 .0 .0 .8 5.00000 .0 .0 .0 .3

-------------- 51 ---- APR'92 - MAR'93---

------------------- EUT-ITS-INTEL 770 B-....,--

WET SEASON

Cumulative Statistics of Rain Intensity over period: 01 APR 92 00:00:00- 31 MAY 92 24:00:00

01 DEC 92 00:00:00- 31 MAR 93 24:00:00

Lo, Hi : Signal value in mm/hour Lo < = S < Hi: Number of seconds that signal was between Lo and Hi, #secs> Lo: Number of seconds that signal was higher then Lo' and %time : Percentage of time that signal was higher then Lo INF : Infinity UNDEF : Undefined

Lo UNDEF

-INF o 1 2 3 5

10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95

100 105 110 115 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200

Lo<=S<Hi o

15202250 207381

80949 44029 42817 46745 22440 13669 10342

7484 6089 5127 4380 4467 3331 3732 2463 2564 1963 1890 1127 1190 1142 1127 1178

596 513 961 832 699 490 150 158 233

78 41

173

Hi -INF

o 1 2 3 5

10 15 20 25 30 3S 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95

100 105 110 115 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200

+INF

#secs>Lo 15724800 15724800

522550 315169 234220 190191 147374 100629

78189 64520 54178 46694 40605 35478 31098 26631 23300 19568 17105 14541 12578 10688

9561 8371 7229 6102 4924 4328 3815 2854 2022 1323

833 683 525 292 214 173

%time 100 100

3.3231 2.0043 1. 4895 1. 2095

.9372

.6399

.4972

.4103

.3445

.2969

.2582

.2256

.1978

.1694

.1482

.1244

.1088

.0925 .08

.068 .0608 .0532

.046 .0388 .0313 .0275 .0243 .0181 .0129 .0084 .0053 .0043 .0033 .0019 .0014 .0011

--------.:......;--~-~~-- 52 ---'--- APR'92 - MAR'93~--

------------------- EUT-ITS-INTEL 770 B --

DRY SEASON

Cumulative Statistics of Rain Intensity over period: 01 JUN 92 00:00:00- 30 NOV 92 24:00:00

Lo, Hi : Signal value in mm/hour Lo < = S < Hi: Number of seconds that signal was between Lo and Hi, #secs> Lo: Number of seconds that signal was higher then Lo, and %time : Percentage of time that signal was higher then Lo INF : Infinity UNDEF : Undefined

Lo UNDEF

Lo<:=S<:Hi 61920

15598329 75883 15163

8650 8778 9920 5966 4290 2834 2673 1993 1805 1597 1445 1266 1350

Hi -INF

o 1 2 3 5

#secs>Lo 15811200 15749280

%time 100.3932

-INF o 1 2 3 5

10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95

100 105 110 115 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200

992 994 740 718 436 367 490 560 412 317 223 358 309 179 121

46 13 31

2 3

27

10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95

100 105 110 115 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200

+INF

150951 75068 59905 51255 42477 32557 26591 22301 19467 16794 14801 12996 11399

9954 8688 7338 6346 5352 4612 3894 3458 3091 2601 2041 1629 1312 1089

731 422 243 122

76 63 32 30 27

100 .9585 .4766 .3804 .3254 .2697 .2067 .1688 .1416 .1236 .1066

.094 .0825 .0724 .0632 .0552 .0466 .0403

.034 .0293 .0247

.022 .0196 .0165

.013 .0103 .0083 .0069 .0046 .0027 .0015 .0008 .0005 .0004 .0002 .0002 .0002

-------------- 53 ---- APR'92 - MAR'93---

------------------- EUT-ITS-INTEL 770 B--

WORST MONTH

Cumulative Statistics of Rain Intensity over period: 01 APR 92 00:00:00 - 31 MAR 93 24:00:00

Lo, Hi : Signal value in mm/hour Lo < = S < Hi: Number of seconds that signal was between Lo and Hi, #secs> Lo: Numoer of seconds that signal was higher then Lo, and %time : Percentage of time that signal was higher then Lo INF : Infinity . UNDEF : Undefined

Lo UNDEF

-INF a 1 2 3 5

10 15 20 25 30 35 40 . 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95

100 105 110 115 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200

Lo<=S<Hi o 1 o o a o o o o a o o o o o a o a o o a o o a a o o o o o o o a o o o o o

Hi -INF

a 1 2 3 5

10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95

100 105 110 115 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200

+INF

#secs>Lo 1 1 o o a o o o o a o a a o a o o o o o a o o o o o o a (j

o a o o o o o o o

%time 100 100

5.724 3.5389 2.1996 1.8507 1.4639 1.0496

.81 .6748 .5697 .5032 .4521 .4034 .3628 .3263 .2912

.25 .2228 .1964

.174

.149 .1323

.114

.098 .0816 .0654 .0575 .0505 .0364 .0262 .0174 .0118 ~009

.0068

.0047

.0034

.0027

-------------- 54 ---- APR'92 - MAR'93,---

------------------- EUT-ITS-INTEL 770 8 --

YEAR 91/92

Cumulative Statistics of Rain Intensity over period: 01 APR 92 00:00:00- 31 MAR 93 24:00:00

Lo, Hi : Signal value in mm/hour Lo < = S < Hi: Number of seconds that signal was between Lo and Hi, #secs> Lo: Number of seconds that signal was higher then Lo, and %time : Percentage of time that signal was higher then La INF : Infinity UNDEF : Undefined

Lo UNDEF

-INF o 1 2 3 5

10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95

100 105 110 115 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200

Lo<=S<Hi 61920

30800579 283264

96112 52679 51595 56665 28406 17959 13176 10157

8082 6932 5977 5912 4597 5082 3455 3558 2703 2608 1563 1557 1632 1687 1590

913 736

1319 1141

878 611 196 171 264

80 44

200

Hi -INF

o 1 2 3 5

10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95

100 105 110 115 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200

+INF

#secs>Lo 31536000 31474080

673501 390237 294125 241446 189851 133186 104780

86821 73645 63488 55406 48474 42497 36585 31988 26906 23451 19893 17190 14582 13019 11462

9830 8143 6553 5640 4904 3585 2444 1566

955 759 588 324 244 200

%time 100.1967

100 2.1399 1.2399

.9345

.7671

.6032

.4232

.3329

.2758 .234

.2017 .176 .154 .135

.1162

.1016

.0855

.0745

.0632

.0546

.0463

.0414

.0364

.0312

.0259

.0208

.0179

.0156

.0114

.0078 .005 .003

.0024

.0019 .001

.0008

.0006

-------------- 55 ---- APR'92 - MAR'93i---

11 GHz satellite beacon data in the Western Pacific basin · 11 GHz satellite beacon data in the...

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