11-Feb-02 M.Gyulassy 1 Jet Tomography of the Gluon Plasma at RHIC Miklos Gyulassy (Columbia Univ)2/11/02 Iowa State Global Observables dN/dyd 2 p T, dE T /dyd 2 p T QCD Motivation for A+A Jet Tomography Jet Quenching nucl-th/ 11-Feb-02 M.Gyulassy 2 RHIC Complex 3.83 km circ. collider 6 intersection regions 4 Experiments p+p, p+A, A+B Energy: 500 GeV for p-p 200 GeV for Au-Au (per N-N collision) Luminosity Au-Au: 2 x cm -2 s -1 p-p : 2 x cm -2 s -1 (polarized) 2 6 5 11-Feb-02 M.Gyulassy 3 Si 28 Ag E cm ~100 AGeV Approximate Boost invariance 11-Feb-02 M.Gyulassy 4 Boost Invariance=> D V = t D y p R 2 ~ 1D Hubble Expansion Rapidity and Proper Time Coordinates Bjorken: 11-Feb-02 M.Gyulassy 5 F. Karsch et al Because QCD is Asymptotically Free Lattice QCD vs Ideal (Stefan-Boltzmann) Pressure JACEE ? 11-Feb-02 M.Gyulassy 6 Lattice QCD, MILC 97 T (GeV = K) 3P/T 4 E/VT 4 QCD Equation of State Bag Model De ~ 1 GeV/fm 3 JACEE ? De ~ GeV/fm 3 11-Feb-02 M.Gyulassy 7 Mini-Bang at RHIC Au+Au 130AGeV N hadrons ~4000 How can we relate AA Experimental data to dense QCD Dynamics and Thermodynamics?? 11-Feb-02 M.Gyulassy 8 Ions Approach t=-15 fm/c 11-Feb-02 M.Gyulassy 9 Creation of Matter t=5 fm/c ?Quark Gluon Plasma ? 11-Feb-02 M.Gyulassy 10 Color White Hadronization t=10 11-Feb-02 M.Gyulassy 11 Global Constraints on Initial Conditions at RHIC Global Constraints on Initial Conditions at RHIC Gluon Showers Soft vs Hard QCD Dynamics 11-Feb-02 M.Gyulassy 12 Au Au > ~5000 BRAHMS/RHIC 2001 E cm ~200 AGeV b Participating nucleons 5% 10% 20% 700 N part Si+Ag dN/dy 1.15 dN/d h SPS 11-Feb-02 M.Gyulassy 13 STAR PHENIX BRAHMS Global Evidence for Gluon Showers at RHIC? soft physics X.N. Wang, MG, PRL86(01)3496 No Jet Quenching dE/dx=2 GeV/fm EKRT 11-Feb-02 M.Gyulassy 14 Two Component Models 1)Soft Beam Jet Fragmentation (string phenomenology, LUND, DPM) ud u u N part (b)/2 X 2) Hard pQCD p T >p 0 (Pythia) x T AB (b) 3=1+2) Hard pQCD Hadronized by Strings ud u u (HIJING) A 4/3 A1A1 11-Feb-02 M.Gyulassy 15 Soft+Hard Dynamics in p+p HIJING P 0 =2GeV XN Wang, MG HIJING= T AB (b)X [pQCD pt>p0] Pythia + N part (b)X[Beam Jet Strings] LUND,DPM 11-Feb-02 M.Gyulassy 16 XN Wang, MG PHOBOS BRAHMS P 0 =2GeV g g N binary N part /2 PHENIX 01 Gluon Shadow Jet Quenching ud u u Beam Jets 11-Feb-02 M.Gyulassy 17 Initial Conditions from N part PRL87:052301,2001 XNWang, MG, PRL86(01) AGeV BRAHMS Centrality Dependence of dN ch /dh dN g (p T >2)/d y HIJING r glue (t 0 =0.1 fm/c) 10/fm 3 dN g (p T >1)/d y EKRT r glue (t 0 =0.2 fm/c) 25/fm 3 11-Feb-02 M.Gyulassy 18 High p T Frontier at RHIC Collective Flow STAR nucl-ex/ Jet Quenching PHENIX: nucl-ex/ Four New Phenomena Discovered 11-Feb-02 M.Gyulassy 19 Hard pQCD Probes: Drell-Yan Heavy Quarks (D, Y) Direct g Jets, high pT hadrons Rare Probes of Heavy Ion Collisions Z Observables 1.dE/dx in QGP jet quenching 2.Deconfinement J/ suppression beams of hard probes: jets, J/ . Vacuum QGP Jet Quenching can be used as a Tomographic Tool Jets Piosphere 11-Feb-02 M.Gyulassy 20 A+A Tomography with Jets X-ray Tomography Jet Tomography, GLVW gg g jet 11-Feb-02 M.Gyulassy GLV Formalism : P.Levai, I.Vitev,MG ``Non-Abelian energy loss at finite opacity,' Nucl. Phys. B571 (2000) 197; Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 5535 (2000) Nucl. Phys. B594, 371 (2001) ; nucl-th/ , nucl-th/ Flavor Tomography: P.Levai, G.Papp, G.Fai, MG, ``Kaon and pion ratio probes of jet quenching '' nucl-th/ The pbar>pi- Anomaly at RHIC I.Vitev, MG nucl-th/ Azimuthal Tomography: I.Vitev,X.N.Wang,P.Houvonin,MG ``High pT azimuthal asymmetry in non-central A + A at RHIC,'' Phys.Rev.Lett.86:2537 (2001); Phys.Lett.B526:301(2002 ) Jet Energy Loss and Tomography Baier, Dokshitzer, Mueller, Schiff B.G.Zakharov U. Wiedemann 2000 11-Feb-02 M.Gyulassy 22 pQCD Known initial flux of q and g jets 11-Feb-02 M.Gyulassy 23 MG, I Vitev, XN Wang, Phys.Rev.Lett.86: ,2001 11-Feb-02 M.Gyulassy 24 Gabor David QM01 Au +Au -> p 0 + X at E cm = 130 AGeV Discovery Jet Quenching at RHIC pQCD X T AB (b) PHENIX Central 10% PHENIX Peripheral 80-95% 11-Feb-02 M.Gyulassy 25 PHENIX: Phys.Rev.Lett.88: (2002) In p+A CroninAll charged hadrons p + K + ppQCD X T AB (b)Pions alone p WA98 PbPb -> p AGeV 11-Feb-02 M.Gyulassy 26 Central/Peripheral PHENIX 11-Feb-02 M.Gyulassy 27 AA Compare to Enhancement of High p T at CERN-SPS Pb-Pb R AA exhibits amplified Cronin Enhancement at SPS energies R AA (R pA ) 2 Parton energy loss is overwhelmed by initial state soft multiple collisions at SPS! X.N.Wang 4 * dE/dx is small at SPS due to short plasma lifetime and low gluon density MG, Levai, Vitev, PRL85(00)5535 N part /2N bin 11-Feb-02 M.Gyulassy 28 How to extract gluon plasma density from Jet Quenching Pattern? 11-Feb-02 M.Gyulassy 29 Quenched pQCD 11-Feb-02 M.Gyulassy 30 Bjorken expansion Scaling Expansion Transport Property GLV Opacity Expansion in LLA same as BDMS (mod Log E/ m 2 L) For Bjorken 1+1D Expansion Asymptotic Leading Log Approx Baier, Dokshitzer, Mueller, Schiff 1996 B.G.Zakharov 2000 U. Wiedemann 2000 11-Feb-02 M.Gyulassy 31 GLV vs LLA g g g Finite E jet p - for p T >2 GeV/c ?? Gluonic Junctions ? S.Vance,MG 11-Feb-02 M.Gyulassy 35 Factor ~3 Quench of Pions Possible novel baryon (junction) dynamics at high p T ? F. Messer, PHENIX J.Velkovska, PHENIX Surprise: pbar > p - at high pT ??? Ivan Vitev, MG, nucl-th/ pQCD Hydro S.Vance,MG 11-Feb-02 M.Gyulassy 36 Baryon Junctions Baryon Junctions Baryon transport dynamics (baryon junction) in rapidity y We also expect enhanced p T slopes for baryons from S.Vance,MG Meson = Baryon =Junction Baryon =Junction uu d uu d Kharzeev Veneziano,Rossi 11-Feb-02 M.Gyulassy 37 Anomalous pbars Vitev,MG Suppose there is a novel T B =400 MeV Soft B Component 11-Feb-02 M.Gyulassy 38 Charged Hadron versus Pion Quenching STAR data PHENIX data Both STAR and PHENIX data are consistent with a factor of 2-3 suppression of the high p T particle spectra. The difference in the suppression of and inclusive charged hadrons can be understood in a dual soft+hard model with baryon transport dynamics. The extracted gluon rapidity density is dN g /dy~1000. 11-Feb-02 M.Gyulassy 39 Azimuthal asymmetry of high p t particles Raimond Snellings * Finite dE/dx v 2 (p t ) 0 for p t * Solid: cylindrical geom Dasned: Wood Sax TAB MG, I. Vitev and X.N. Wang, PRL(01) f 11-Feb-02 M.Gyulassy 40 CRAB pTpT V 2 = 0 pTpT 4 GeV V 2 = 0.2 Azimuthal Symm. Azimuthal Asymm. At RHIC NCG6571 11-Feb-02 M.Gyulassy 41 1.Global dN/dy( s,N part ) are consistent with copious gluon showers 2002GeV pions Tomography via Jet Quench => dN g /dy~ New baryon transport dynamics revealed by p + / p + & p - / p - >1 at D y~5, D p T ~3 GeV 4.Large 2 to 1 azimuthal asymmetry observed out to p T ~ 6GeV! 5.Need higher p T data and p+A to confirm tomographic analysis => r glue ~100 X r nuke reached at RHIC Major Puzzles 1.Hydro works too well for p T