11 Dr. Kelly Health VoltageCC

8/3/2019 11 Dr. Kelly Health VoltageCC

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Examination of Health RisksExamination of Health RisksAssociated with Exposure toAssociated with Exposure toElectromagnetic RadiationElectromagnetic Radiation

Cynthia Kelly, M.D.Cynthia Kelly, M.D.

Orthopaedic OncologistOrthopaedic Oncologist

Denver, ColoradoDenver, Colorado


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RadiationRadiationaaYou cantYou cant

touch it,touch it,

feel it,feel it,

smell it,smell it,

or taste it.or taste it.


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RadiationRadiationaaVery high doses causeVery high doses cause

immediate cellular death.immediate cellular death.

aaLow doses cause disturbancesLow doses cause disturbanceswithin the cell, causing systemswithin the cell, causing systemsmalfunction but not death.malfunction but not death.

Ion transport(calcium), geneIon transport(calcium), genetranscriptiontranscription


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Health Effects ofHealth Effects of

Electromagnetic FieldsElectromagnetic FieldsaaBrain cancerBrain cancer

aaChildhood leukemiaChildhood leukemia

aaBirth defectsBirth defectsaaPregnancy lossPregnancy loss

Physiotherapists 0.04Physiotherapists 0.04--0.560.56 QQW/cmW/cm22

aaSleep disturbancesSleep disturbances

aaAltered calcium ion movement inAltered calcium ion movement inbrain cellsbrain cells

aaAltered childrens performanceAltered childrens performanceMental & physical 0Mental & physical 0--44 QQW/cmW/cm22


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Literature ReviewLiterature Review

aaCells (plant & animal) exposed toCells (plant & animal) exposed to

EMF show distinct growth changesEMF show distinct growth changes alteration in cellular enzymes. alteration in cellular enzymes.

aaHuman & animal cells demonstratedHuman & animal cells demonstratedmodulation of genemodulation of gene--expression,expression,

changes in transcription pattern &changes in transcription pattern &protein synthesis.protein synthesis.

DNA effectsDNA effects Hawaii Med J 1991Hawaii Med J 1991


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Literature ReviewLiterature Review

aaAvailable data suggest that RFAvailable data suggest that RF

radiation should be considered aradiation should be considered acarcinogenic risk, a position takencarcinogenic risk, a position takenin an internal 1990 US EPAin an internal 1990 US EPAdocumentdocument

when there was much less evidence ofwhen there was much less evidence ofthe potential harmfulness of EMFthe potential harmfulness of EMFradiation.radiation.

Env Health Perspectives 105(s) Dec 1997Env Health Perspectives 105(s) Dec 1997


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Literature ReviewLiterature ReviewaaStatistically significant doseStatistically significant dose--

response relationships exist forresponse relationships exist for

the physiotherapist study,the physiotherapist study,Korean war study and the PolishKorean war study and the Polishmilitary study.military study.

Dept Natural Resources Engineering NZ 1997Dept Natural Resources Engineering NZ 1997


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Lit Review:Lit Review: Health EffectsHealth Effects

Due to EMF ExposureDue to EMF Exposure

StudyStudyExposureExposure

((QQW/cmW/cm22))

Risk RatioRisk Ratio(range)(range)

Polish MilitaryPolish Military(1996)(1996) 2020 3.03.0--13.913.9

North SydneyNorth SydneyAustralia (1996)Australia (1996)


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Health Effects of EMFHealth Effects of EMFaaThere are more than 60 majorThere are more than 60 major

studies declaring the dangers ofstudies declaring the dangers of

EMF.EMF.aaEMF has been declared aEMF has been declared a

hazard by the Swedishhazard by the Swedish

government, and they havegovernment, and they haveinstituted mandates concerninginstituted mandates concerningpublic exposure.public exposure.


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Public Exposure LimitPublic Exposure LimitaaIf cancer risk is to be reduced,If cancer risk is to be reduced,

the limit should bethe limit should be


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Health Effects of EMFHealth Effects of EMFaaUnder extended exposureUnder extended exposure

conditions RF signals at averageconditions RF signals at average

of 5of 5 QQWW/kg are capable of/kg are capable ofinducing chromosome damageinducing chromosome damagein human lymphocytes.in human lymphocytes.

aaIncrease in # micronucleatedIncrease in # micronucleatedcellscells

Bioelectromagnetics 23:113Bioelectromagnetics 23:113--126, 2002126, 2002


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Susceptibility:Susceptibility:

Our childrenOur children


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Childhood Leukemia & EMFChildhood Leukemia & EMF

aaPositive association & dosePositive association & dose--responseresponserelationship with relative risk estimatesrelationship with relative risk estimatesfrom 1.5from 1.5--2.7 for past exposure (5 studies).2.7 for past exposure (5 studies).

aaSignificant doseSignificant dose--response relationship (3response relationship (3studies).studies).

Observations cant be explained by misclassObservations cant be explained by misclass--ification of exposure or a selection bias.ification of exposure or a selection bias.

A confounder effect would hardly explain suchA confounder effect would hardly explain suchresults.results.

aaPossible causal nature cannot bePossible causal nature cannot bedismissed.dismissed.

Levallois: Am J Prev Med 1995Levallois: Am J Prev Med 1995


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Childhood Leukemia & EMFChildhood Leukemia & EMF

aaItalian studyItalian study 2.2 fold increase2.2 fold increasein leukemia in children livingin leukemia in children living

w/in 6 km of Vatican radio andw/in 6 km of Vatican radio andTV transmission towersTV transmission towers (2001)(2001)

aaAustralia studyAustralia study increasedincreased

incidence of childhood leukemiaincidence of childhood leukemiaand death d/t TV tower RFand death d/t TV tower RF

Med. J. Australia, Vol.165, No. 2 p.601Med. J. Australia, Vol.165, No. 2 p.601--55


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Health Effects of EMFHealth Effects of EMFaa18 studies of childhood cancer &18 studies of childhood cancer &

residential exposure to EMF haveresidential exposure to EMF have

been conducted.been conducted.There is a preponderance of positiveThere is a preponderance of positive

results, more than one would expect byresults, more than one would expect bychance.chance.

aaWhen all studies are pooled, theWhen all studies are pooled, theaverage risk for leukemia, lymphomaaverage risk for leukemia, lymphomaand nervous system tumors areand nervous system tumors arestatistically significant.statistically significant.

Cancer Causes Control 5:299Cancer Causes Control 5:299--309, 1994309, 1994


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Health Effects of EMFHealth Effects of EMFaaThere were excess leukemia & centralThere were excess leukemia & central

nervous system cancers in those employednervous system cancers in those employedin occupations where there is substantialin occupations where there is substantialuse of electricityuse of electricity

Electricians, electric utility & power companyElectricians, electric utility & power companyemployeesemployees

aaMetaMeta--analysis regarding occupationalanalysis regarding occupationalexposure to EMF, leukemia & brain cancerexposure to EMF, leukemia & brain cancerreport modest butreport modest but statistically significantstatistically significantincreases in cancer risk.increases in cancer risk.

J Occup Environ Med, Dec. 1995J Occup Environ Med, Dec. 1995


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StandardsS

tandardsaaCurrent regulatory standards areCurrent regulatory standards are

based solely on the THERMAL effectsbased solely on the THERMAL effects

of RF radiation (200of RF radiation (200QQW/

cmW/

cm22

) at the) at thecellular level.cellular level.

aaEvidence from Moscow & otherEvidence from Moscow & othercommunity studies suggest thatcommunity studies suggest that

exposure as low as 2exposure as low as 2QQW/cmW/cm22

maymayhave long term health effects.have long term health effects.



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HealthS

tudiesHealthS

tudiesaaThe focus of more recent animalThe focus of more recent animal

studies exploring the possiblestudies exploring the possible

carcinogenicity of EMF exposurecarcinogenicity of EMF exposurehas been the role of EMF as ahas been the role of EMF as apromoter of malfunction within apromoter of malfunction within a

cell.cell.aaDevelopment of cancer isDevelopment of cancer is

probably multifactorial.probably multifactorial.


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CarcinogenesisCarcinogenesis a multistep process that requires at a multistep process that requires at

least 2 genotoxic events in its criticalleast 2 genotoxic events in its critical

path but is facilitated by nongenotoxicpath but is facilitated by nongenotoxicproliferative effects on target cells.proliferative effects on target cells.

EMF could influence carcinogenesis ifEMF could influence carcinogenesis if

it exerted either direct or indirectit exerted either direct or indirect

effects on target cell turnover.effects on target cell turnover. Bioelectromagnetics 17:339, 1996Bioelectromagnetics 17:339, 1996


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CarcinogenesisCarcinogenesisaaIn work spanning a decade & 9In work spanning a decade & 9

projects, Goodman & Hendersonprojects, Goodman & Henderson

reported increased transcriptionreported increased transcription

of oncogenes (cancer genes) &of oncogenes (cancer genes) &

other specific mRNA sequencesother specific mRNA sequences

in several types of cells exposedin several types of cells exposed

to lowto low--frequency magneticfrequency magnetic

fields.fields.


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LatencyLatency

aaLatency is theLatency is thedelayed effect ofdelayed effect ofexposure to aexposure to aharmful substance,harmful substance,

i.e. sun and UVi.e. sun and UVexposure.exposure.


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LatencyLatencyaaTobacco industryTobacco industry

Initially there was felt to be noInitially there was felt to be nolink between tobacco use andlink between tobacco use andcancercancer

Now the link is clear cutNow the link is clear cut


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Clinical ExperienceClinical Experience

aaChildren with cancerChildren with canceraaParents concernsParents concerns


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Risk vs. BenefitRisk vs. Benefit

aaRisk: Health hazardRisk: Health hazard

to community, bothto community, bothreal & perceived.real & perceived.

aaBenefit: BetterBenefit: Betterresolution on aresolution on atelevision screentelevision screen


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Implications forImplications for

Public PolicyPublic Policy

aaThe risk of EMF exposure withThe risk of EMF exposure with

erection of the new tower iserection of the new tower issufficiently significant and thesufficiently significant and theexposure sufficiently widespreadexposure sufficiently widespreadthat actions to limit newthat actions to limit new

exposures are warranted.exposures are warranted.


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Implications forImplications for

Public PolicyPublic Policy

aaTwo main approaches forTwo main approaches forlowering exposure to EMF:lowering exposure to EMF:

PersonalPersonal: change in ones habits: change in ones habits

SocietalSocietal: increase the distance of: increase the distance ofthe source of EMF from peoplethe source of EMF from people


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EconomicsEconomicsaaThe costs of mitigation andThe costs of mitigation and

litigation relating to the powerlitigation relating to the power

lineline cancer connection havecancer connection haverisen into the billions of $$ &risen into the billions of $$ &threaten to go much higher.threaten to go much higher.

aaAvoid additional costs & locateAvoid additional costs & locatethe proposed tower to anthe proposed tower to analternate, lessalternate, less--inhabited site.inhabited site.


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ConclusionConclusionaaWhen it is possible to reduceWhen it is possible to reduce

EMF exposure at a reasonableEMF exposure at a reasonable

cost and low inconvenience,cost and low inconvenience,future disease may befuture disease may besubstantially reduced.substantially reduced.

Public Health Reports, May/June 1996Public Health Reports, May/June 1996


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aaThe evidence justifiesThe evidence justifies PrudentPrudentAvoidanceAvoidance of unnecessaryof unnecessary

community exposures.community exposures.



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ConclusionConclusionaaThere is discrepancy surroundingThere is discrepancy surrounding

allowable, safe levels of exposureallowable, safe levels of exposure

to all sources of electromagneticto all sources of electromagneticenergy.energy.

aaWith the possible association withWith the possible association withcancer, fetal loss and other effects,cancer, fetal loss and other effects,

prudence in the design andprudence in the design andplacement of new power systems isplacement of new power systems isimperative.imperative.


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ConclusionConclusion

aaThere is conclusive, alarming,There is conclusive, alarming,scientific evidence linking EMRscientific evidence linking EMRand the development of cancerand the development of cancerand other health problems inand other health problems in

children & adults at the samechildren & adults at the samelevels this Super Tower willlevels this Super Tower willemit.emit.


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ConclusionConclusionaaAfter exposure to EMR:After exposure to EMR:

there are significant patterns of increasethere are significant patterns of increaseincidence of childhood leukemia, brainincidence of childhood leukemia, braincancer, spontaneous abortioncancer, spontaneous abortion(miscarriage), and other harmful effects(miscarriage), and other harmful effectswith exposure to EMR.with exposure to EMR.

biochemical & physiologic reactions andbiochemical & physiologic reactions andalterations at the cellular and tissuealterations at the cellular and tissuelevel.level.


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aaIt is unconscionable that JeffcoIt is unconscionable that Jeffcocommissioners would expose ancommissioners would expose anUNWILLING community ofUNWILLING community ofconstituents to the effects ofconstituents to the effects ofEMREMR until it is unequivocallyuntil it is unequivocallyproven to be safe.proven to be safe.


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The FutureThe FutureaaWhat do you say to theWhat do you say to the

children of the communitychildren of the community

living in proximity to the newliving in proximity to the newtower who develop cancer?tower who develop cancer?


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aaWhy put your constituents atWhy put your constituents atrisk all for better TV viewing?risk all for better TV viewing?

aaOther acceptable site availableOther acceptable site available


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YES!YES!

Will we leave Jefferson County if theWill we leave Jefferson County if the

proposed tower is erected?proposed tower is erected?


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Thank You!Thank You!

11 Dr. Kelly Health VoltageCC

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