11-Apip LIPI Present..

Ecohydrology for Inland Waters Improvement &

Disaster Risk Reduction

Apip Arief

23-26 September 2014, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand

Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Research Centre for Limnology

Prof. Hery Harjono

Category II Centre of UNESCO

Asia Pacific Centre for Ecohydrology

Presentation Outline:• Introduction on Ecohydrology

• Asia Pacific Centre for Ecohydrology (APCE)

• Ecohydrology approach of APCE for Disaster Risk Reduction and Inland Waters Improvement

• Recent Activities of APCE

• Summary

This presentation would give a brief description about the AsiaPacific Centre for Ecohydrology (APCE) and introduces theecohydrology theory and concepts as integrative sciencesolution to water resources problems

Research Centre for Limnology-LIPI & Asia Pacific Centre for Ecohydrology (APCE)

Since 1996, International Hydrological Programme's (IHP) through a key theme of the fifthphase “Hydrology and Water Resources Development in Vulnerable Environment”developed and formulated a new program called “Integrative Approach of Ecohydrology”(Zalewski, 2002)

ECOHYDROLOGY as Integrative Science

The commitment of the UNESCO and IHP on the implementation of ecohydrology concept shown by establishment the Europen Regional Centre for Ecohydrology (ERCE) and the International Centre for Coastal Ecohydrology (ICCE) in 2006 and 2009 respectively.

One of the new centers on the field of Ecohydrology is the Asia Pacific Centre forEcohydrology (APCE).

Indonesia designation as a Centre for Asia Pacific Regional Ecohydrology has beenthrough a long process that began in 1997and finally set in Paris in October 2010.


“DUAL REGULATION”Regulation of biota

by altering hydrologyand regulation of hydrology

by shaping biota

HARMONIZATIONof ecohydrological measures

with necessary hydrotechnical infrastructure

INTEGRATIONof various regulations acting in a

synergistic way to stabilize and improve the quality of water resources

REGULATION

BIOTA

HYDROLOGY

ECOHYDROLOGY CONCEPT

Ecohydrology uses the dual interactions between biota and hydrology to regulate,

remediate and conserve ecosystems

(Zalewski, 2002)

ASIA PACIFIC CENTRE FOR ECOHYDROLOGY(APCE)

“Managing Water Systems through Ecohydrology and Cultural Values”

Research Centre for Lymnology CampusCibinong Sciences Centre – Jl. Raya Bogor Km 46Cibinong – Bogor – West Java - INDONESIATel.: 021-8757071 Email : [email protected]

Cibinong, West Java

• The Asia Pacific Centre for Ecohydrology (APCE) is acategory II centre of the United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).

• It focuses on ecological approaches to waterresources management, to provide sustainable waterfor the people by harnessing science and technology,education and culture.

• APCE is committed to contributing towardsovercoming current and important issues of national,regional and global interest, such as poverty, disasterrisk reduction and climate change mitigation &adaptation .

ASIA PACIFIC CENTRE FOR ECOHYDROLOGYAPCE – UNESCO CATEGORY II CENTRE


Organization Structure

Executive Director

Research Division Training & Workshop Information System Public Awareness

Executive Secretary


Strategic Plan of APCE

“Managing Water Systems through Ecohydrology and Cultural Values”

Mission: Develop understanding and practices of ecohydrology throughresearch, training and knowledge exchanges, information systems and publicawareness.

APCE will develop excellent expertise in the following fields:1. Relationships among ecological pattern and hydrological process; 2. Disturbance and dynamics in natural and anthropogenic ecology and hydrology;3. Ecohydrological approaches to biodiversity conservation, environmental

management, and ecological restoration; 4. Integrating hydrology with ecological planning, design, and architecture, or

reverse; 5. Transdisciplinary studies of regional sustainability from scopes of ecohydrology,

ecology, culture (society) or integration of them.


VISION: To be an Internationally Reputed Asia Pacific Center in Urban andRural Ecohydrology by 2021

STRATEGIC GOAL of APCE

1. To promote local resources base ecohydrologicalresearch

2. To strengthen local capacity to adoptecohydrological concept and approach

3. To provide easy access to local resources basedecohydrological information and knowledge

4. To enhance public awareness of local resourcesbased ecohydrological practices


Water & CultureIndonesia, it consists of1. Mostly volcanic islands2. More than 17000 islands3. More than 400 ethnics4. 5 main religions (Islam, Christian, Hindu,

Budha, Kong Hu Chu)5. Popolution 222 million (100 million in Java)

Water and Culture:

“Due to its fundamental role in society’s life, water has astrong cultural dimension. Without understanding andconsidering the cultural aspects of our water problems, nosustainable solution can be found”

(Statement to the Ministerial Conference, 3rd World Water Forum, 22 March 2003)


Our Approach for Disaster Risk Reduction & Inland Waters Improvement

1. Quantification of Source• Need deep scientific understanding

2. Technological (EcohydrologyConcept) and Socio-Cultural Approach (Innovation)• Infrastructure (ecotechnology)

• Social & cultural approach• Looking back the history (e.g. how

people use water)

3. Increasing Awareness• Mass campaign to people,

government & politician


Ecotechnologyprinciple

use of ecosystem properties as management tool

Ecologicalprinciple

enhancement of absorbing capacity of ecosystem

Hydrologicalprinciple

basin as a framework for processes quantification

ECOHYDROLOGY

Zalewski , 2009 Research Centre for Limnology-LIPI & Asia Pacific Centre for Ecohydrology (APCE)

EC

OH

YD

RO

LO

GY

-A

PC

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Culturalprinciple

To enhance the dynamic relationships between hydrological, social,

and ecological systems

Flood Risk = Flood Hazards x Flood Exposures x Flood Vulnerabilities

Flood Control Measures

Ecohydrology MeasuresModeling System

(Zalewski, 2002)

(APCE, 2011)

Ris

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ion

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Wat

er

Imp

rove

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nt


Physically-Based Distributed Models for Water Disasters &

Water Resources Management Developed in APCE

• River basin sub model (1-D kinematic wave)

• Hydraulic and hydrodynamic instream sub model (2-D diffusion wave)

• Ecohydrological & aquatic habitat submodel

MODELING SYSTEM for Source Quantification:

Spatial distribution of predicted cumulative rainfall during Jakarta floods 2013, Indonesia (13 January 2013 at 01 a.m to 23 January 2013 at 07 a.m)


Model Application for Simulating Hydrologic Responses During Jakarta

Flood

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Low Discharge High Discharge>300 m3/sec

DKI JAKARTA

KOTA BOGOR

KOTA

TANGGERANG

KOTA BEKASI

KOTA DEPOK

DAS Kali Bekasi

DAS Kali CiliwungDAS Kali Cisadane

Peak Time of Flood

is January 17th

Bulan Hari Jam

Model Application for Simulating Hydrologic Responses During Jakarta Flood

At Depok Station

At Katulampa Station

Simulated and Observed Hydrographs Comparisons At Katulampa-ciawi Station (Bottom

Figure) and Depok Station (Top Figure), Ciliwung River Catchment during Jakarta Flooding

On January-February 2007


Model Application for Simulating Hydrologic Responses During Jakarta Flood

NSE = 0.94

NSE = 0.73

Pangalengan Landslide, Indonesia

Satellite-based Rainfall Estimates from

QMORPH-NOAA on 15-16 March 2008 at the

Upper Citarum River catchment

Time-Invariance Shallow Landslide

Probability Map

15/3/2008:14

Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Slope

Instability over the Study Region

The present results have showed a high potential

applicability of the developed method forced by

satellite-based rainfall data to detect (when?, where?)

heavy rain-triggered shallow landslide events

Distributed Hydrological-

Geotechnical Model for

Catchment Scale

Pangalengan Landslide

HydroTopo

-graphic

Data

Model Application for Simulating Shallow Landslide Susceptible Area

Recent Activities

1. Quantification of Source• Need deep scientific understanding

2. Technological Approach (Ecohydrology Concept) and Socio-Cultural (Innovation)• Infrastructure (ecotechnologies)

• Social & cultural approach• Looking back the history (e.g how

people use water)

3. Increasing Awareness• Mass campaign to people,

government & politician


IFAS TRAINING COURSE

• A technical course was organized based on theframework of the Flood Forecasting and WarningSystem which was attended by 10 countries(Australia, Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Lao People’sDemocratic Republic, Malaysia, the Philippines, theRepublic of Korea, Thailand and Vietnam).

• This Integrated Flood Analysis System (IFAS) coursewas realized in collaboration with the InternationalCentre for Water Hazard and Risk Management, theUNESCO Jakarta Office and LIPI.


Cultural Landscape and Subak System in Bali• Subak is the name of the water management (irigation)

system for paddy fields on Hindu Balinese community, Baliisland, Indonesia, developed more than 1,000 year ago.There is around 3500 subak.

• Traditional ecologically sustainable irrigation system hasconstantly adjusted to changing situations.

• “Tri Hita Karana” Phylosophy:Harmony among humans, harmony with nature, harmonywith god

• UNESCO’s World Cultural Heritage.


THREAT:1. Compete with tourism2. Increasing population & landuse conversion

“How to harmonize cultural value and economic activity”

Demo Site for Community-BasedWater Management

• The objective is to act as a field station for theimplementation of ecohydrology concepts in the field. Thedemo site ecohydrology campaign is expected to besignificant in socializing the sustainable management of waterresources in accordance with the concept of ecohydrology.

• It will also serve as a natural laboratory for the futuredevelopment of ecohydrology, especially as a tropicalIndonesian concern.

• Ecohydrology demo site development in Indonesia will bedirected to a location demo site representing the concept ofsustainable water resources management including disasterrisk reduction and water pollution improvements.


Islamic Boarding School as A demonstration site for the Application of Ecohydrology Measures

• Water has particular position in Islam• For ablution before praying, at least 5

times daily

• Our Prophet Muhammad used only 600 ml for ablution

• Unfortunately the water is less respected

• Traditional/Modern Islamic Boarding School (Pesantren)• 26,000 Schools, lead by ulama/Kyai

• Located at the rural area

• From primary to senior high schools

• Could empower up to 20 million people


Meeting with “Ulama” in District Ciamis, WestJava (above). Artificial wetland at Ar-RisalahIslamic Boarding School (Pesantren), Ciamis

How does empower “the Pesantren” as agent of change in water management

IPAG60: Alternative Technology for Clean Water in Peatland Areas

o The majority of areas in Riau Province and Central KalimantanProvince have land with peat surface water, whichcharacteristically has: • low pH levels (2-4), making it highlyacidic • high levels of organic matter • high levels of iron andmanganese • yellow or dark brown colour.

o Peat water treatment technology (developed by Prof. IgnasiusSutapa) enables peat areas to have peat water treatmentfacilities for the drinking water supply. A lot of territory insome areas in Indonesia – especially Sumatra and Kalimantanhave clean water source issues. Implementation of thistechnology in the wider area is necessary to support theincrease in water services in the region.


IFAS course activitiesFlooding events in Indonesia

Discussing with Islamic Leaders community

Artificial constructed wetland


Rice Field in Jatiluwih

world heritage siteSubak system : Pura,

paddy field and water

Clean water produced by local people with IPAG60

IPAG 60 : from peatwaterto clean water

Flood Hazards (Flood Discharge, Flood

Extent, Inundated Area, )

Flood Exposure & Vulnerabilities

(Physical & Non-Physical Impacts)

Flood Risk (Damage Cost)

Simulated & Projected Climate Data: 1979-2004; 2015-2039; 2075-2100

Hydrotopographic, Socio-Economic, Land-use, Population

Resilience, Education

Hydrologic Model (Rainfall-Runoff-Inundation)

Ecohydrology-Based Mitigation Strategy for Flood Risk Reduction


APCE: Flood Risk Assessment and Its

Mitigation Strategy under Climate Change

Da

ma

ge

Co

st

Timeto tp

No Adaptation with Climate Change

Reduced Flood Risk Due To Adaptation with Climate Change Impact on Water

Disasters

Flood Risk Reduction as Adaptation Strategy to Climate Change Impacts

Baseline (Present Condition)

Ecohydrology- Based

Investment


Assessment & Evaluation of Cost-Benefit Adaptation Measures for Flood Risk Reduction Over Time

Summary

1. Obviously that ecohydrology theory andconcepts can provide integrative science basesolution to Asia-Pacific water resourcesproblems.

2. Such effective solution needs to be introducedthrough capacity building and water educationat the different levels enhanced with deepscientific understanding on hydrological &ecological processes and interaction as well associo-cultural-technology innovation.


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Scope of Topics1. Development of Ecohydrological Concepts and Implementation

Issues

2. Ecotechnology for water, food and energy security

3. Sustainability issues in water environment

4. Ecohydrology in Lakes and reservoirs

5. Ecohydrology in Wetlands

6. Ecohydrology in karst and terrestrial ecosystems

7. Hydroinformatics and modelling

8. Human & water environment

9. Local tradition, knowledge , wisdoms and cultural values

10. Water environment related disasters

11. Governance and management challenges

12. Biodiversity and water environment

13. Public participation

http://ice2014.apce-unesco.or.id/





Date and Venue

• Dates :– IHP Training Course : November 8 – 9, 2014– ICE Event : November 10 – 11, 2014– Field Trip : November 12, 2014– RSC Meeting : November 13 – 14, 2014

• Venue : Hotel Royal Ambarrukmo, Yogyakarta

ICE

2014

Yogyakarta

Indonesia


ContactProf (R). Dr. Ir. Hery HarjonoExecutive Director, Asia Pacific Center for Ecohydrology (APCE), Catagory II Center of UNESCO, and Research Center for Limnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Indonesia.E-mail: [email protected]: +62(21) – 875 7071 and +62 – 811214304Fax: +62(21) – 875 7076

Thank you for your attention and interest!

mailto:[email protected]

11-Apip LIPI Present..

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