10d) What are the important differences between bacteria ...€¦ · A disease is any change, other...
Transcript of 10d) What are the important differences between bacteria ...€¦ · A disease is any change, other...
10d) What are the important differences
between bacteria and viruses with respect
to:
their requirements for growth and replication
the body’s primary defenses against bacterial
and viral infections
effective treatments of these infections?
Chapter 40Section 1
Infectious Diseases
What causes disease?
A disease is any change, other than
an injury, that disrupts the normal
functions of the body.
Pathogens cause disease.
Infectious diseases are caused by
pathogens.
Pathogens that can cause
disease:
•viruses
•bacteria
•protists
•worms
•fungi
Viruses are tiny particlesthat invade and replicate within living cells.
Viruses attach to a cell’s surface, insert their genetic material, and take over many of the functions of the host cell.
HIV Invasion
HIV Invasion & Infection
HIV Invasion & Infection
AIDS
Viruses can infect nearly every type of organism.
Diseases caused by viruses include hepatitis, the cold, herpes, influenza, and smallpox.
Smallpox
Smallpox
Chickenpox
Prokaryotes (bacteria):
• Are smaller than Eukaryotic cells and can be distinguished by the lack of a membrane-bound nucleus.
• Prokaryotic cells have 3 major shapes: cocci , bacilli or spirilla.
Bacteria Diversity
Most bacteria are harmless to humans
Bacteria that cause disease either:
break down tissues of the organism for food
release toxins that harm the body.
Bacterial diseases include streptococcus infections, gonorrhea, syphilis, diphtheria, and botulism (food poisoning).
Bacterial Diseases
Bacterial Diseases
Psoriasis
Untreated Syphilis
Untreated Syphilis
E. Coli - food poisoning
Botulism
Are spread from one person to another through coughing, sneezing, or physical contact.
Others are spread through contaminated water or food.
Still others are spread by infected animals.
Spread of infectious diseases
Spread of infectious diseases
Spread of infectious diseases
Medical Test for bacterial infection
Medical Test for bacterial infection
Fighting Infectious Diseases
Antibiotics:Are compounds that kill bacteria
without harming the cells of the host (humans or other organisms)
They work by interfering with bacterial cellular processes
Antibiotics have no effect on viruses.
Antibiotic Sensitivity
Antibiotic Resistance
Fighting Infectious Diseases
Antiviral drugs:
Have been developed to fight certain viral diseases (herpes, HIV, flu, hepatitis)
They do not destroy their target pathogen; instead they inhibit their development, at every stage of their life cycles
Antiviral Drugs
Viral infection But
Negative bacterial infection
Hepatitis Viral infection
Antivirals must be able to inhibit 6 processes in HIV infection, prevention
and spread
Antivirals
AIDS
AIDS
Over-the-Counter Drugs
You can buy them without a prescription.
They treat only the symptoms of the disease, not the cause.
The best treatment for most infections includes rest, a well-balanced diet, and plenty of fluids.
10d) What are the important differences
between bacteria and viruses with
respect to:
• their requirements for growth and
replication
• effective treatments of these
infections?
• Page 1035: 1- 5and Writing in Science