109886450 Cisco Network Fundamentals
Transcript of 109886450 Cisco Network Fundamentals
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 1
Living in a Network Centric World
Network Fundamentals – Chapter 1
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Objectives Describe how networks impact our daily lives.
Describe the role of data networking in the human network.
Identify the key components of any data network.
Identify the opportunities and challenges posed by converged networks.
Describe the characteristics of network architectures: fault tolerance, scalability, quality of service and security.
Install and use IRC clients and a Wiki server.
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How Networks Impact Daily Life Explain the benefits of instantaneous communication
and how it supports and improves our lives.
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How Networks Impact Daily Life Describe the characteristics and purpose of popular
communication media such as, IM, Wikis , Blogs, Podcasting, and Collaboration Tools
–Instant messaging •Real time communication between 2 or more people based on typed text
–Weblogs (Blogs) •Web pages created by an individual
–Podcasting •Website that contains audio files available for downloading
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How Networks Impact Daily Life Explain ways that using information networks to share
and collaborate improves teaching and learning
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How Networks Impact Daily Life Describe ways communication over a network changes
the way we work
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How Networks Impact Daily Life Describe ways communication over a network supports
the way we play
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Data Networking Role, Components, and Challenges Basic characteristics of communication
–Rules or agreements are 1st established –Important information may need to be repeated –Various modes of communication may impact the effectiveness of getting the message across.
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Data Networking Role, Components, and Challenges Describe the role of data networking in communications
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Data Networking Role, Components, and Challenges
Describe the various elements that make up a network
–Devices •These are used to communicate with one another
–Medium •This is how the devices are connected together
–Messages •Information that travels over the medium
–Rules •Governs how messages flow across network
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Data Networking Role, Components, and Challenges Describe the role of converged networks in
communications –Converged network
• A type of network that can carry voice, video & data over the same network
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Network Architecture Characteristics Explain four characteristics that are addressed by
network architecture design –Fault tolerance –Scalability –Quality of service –Security
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Network Architecture Characteristics Describe how packet switching helps improve the
resiliency and fault tolerance of the Internet architecture
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Network Architecture Characteristics Describe characteristics of the Internet that help it scale
to meet user demand –Hierarchical –Common standards –Common protocols
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Network Architecture Characteristics Explain the factors that necessitate Quality of Service
and the mechanisms necessary to ensure it
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Network Architecture Characteristics Describe how QoS mechanisms work to ensure quality
of service for applications that require it.
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Network Architecture Characteristics Describe how to select the appropriate QoS strategy for
a given type of traffic
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Network Architecture Characteristics Describe why networks must be secure
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Network Architecture Characteristics Describe basic measures to secure data networks
–Ensure confidentiality through use of •User authentication •Data encryption
–Maintain communication integrity through use of •Digital signatures
–Ensure availability through use of •Firewalls •Redundant network architecture •Hardware without a single point of failure
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IRC Clients and Wiki Server Install and use IRC clients and a Wiki server
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Summary
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© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 1
Communicating over the Network
Network Fundamentals – Chapter 2
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Objectives Describe the structure of a network, including the
devices and media that are necessary for successful communications.
Explain the function of protocols in network communications.
Explain the advantages of using a layered model to describe network functionality.
Describe the role of each layer in two recognized network models: The TCP/IP model and the OSI model.
Describe the importance of addressing and naming schemes in network communications.
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Network Structure Define the elements of communication
–3 common elements of communication • message source • the channel • message destination
Define a network data or information networks capable of carrying many different types of communications
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Network Structure Describe how messages are communicated
Data is sent across a network in small “chunks” called segments
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Network Structure Define the components of a network
–Network components • hardware • software
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Network Structure End Devices and their Role in the Network
–End devices form interface with human network & communications network –Role of end devices:
• client • server • both client and server
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Network Structure Identify the role of an intermediary device in a data
network and be able to contrast that role with the role of an end device
–Role of an intermediary device • provides connectivity and ensures data flows across network
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Network Structure Define network media and criteria for making a network
media choice Network media this is the channel over which a message travels
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Network Types Define Local Area Networks (LANs)
- A network serving a home, building or campus is considered a Local Area Network (LAN)
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Network Types Define Wide Area Networks (WANs)
- LANs separated by geographic distance are connected by a network known as a Wide Area Network (WAN)
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Network Types Define the Internet
The internet is defined as a global mesh of interconnected networks
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Network Types Describe network representations
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Function of Protocol in Network Communication The importance of protocols and how they are used to
facilitate communication over data networks A protocol is a set of predetermined rules
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Function of Protocol in Network Communication Explain network protocols
Network protocols are used to allow devices to communicate successfully
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Function of Protocol in Network Communication Describe Protocol suites and industry standards
A standard is a process or protocol that has been endorsed by the networking industry and ratified by a standards organization
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Function of Protocol in Network Communication Define different protocols and how they interact
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Function of Protocol in Network Communication Technology independent Protocols
-Many diverse types of devices can communicate using the same sets of protocols. This is because protocols specify network functionality, not the underlying technology to support this functionality.
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Layers with TCP/IP and OSI Model Explain the benefits of using a layered model
–Benefits include • assists in protocol design • fosters competition • changes in one layer do not affect other layers • provides a common language
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Layers with TCP/IP and OSI Model Describe TCP/IP Mode
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Layers with TCP/IP and OSI Model Describe the Communication Process
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Layers with TCP/IP and OSI Model Explain protocol data units (PDU) and encapsulation
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Layers with TCP/IP and OSI Model Describe the process of sending and receiving
messages
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Layers with TCP/IP and OSI Model Explain protocol and
reference models A protocol model provides a model that closely matches the structure of a particular protocol suite. A reference model provides a common reference for maintaining consistency within all types of network protocols and services.
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Layers with TCP/IP and OSI Model Define OSI
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Layers with TCP/IP and OSI Model Compare OSI and TCP/IP model
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Addressing and Naming Schemes Explain how labels in encapsulation headers are used
to manage communication in data networks
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Addressing and Naming Schemes Describe examples of Ethernet MAC Addresses, IP
Addresses, and TCP/UDP Port numbers
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Addressing and Naming Schemes Explain how labels in encapsulation headers are used
to manage communication in data networks
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Addressing and Naming Schemes Describe how information in the encapsulation header
is used to identify the source and destination processes for data communication
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Summary
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© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 1
Application Layer Functionality and Protocols
Network Fundamentals – Chapter 3
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Objectives Define the application layer as the source and
destination of data for communication across networks.
Explain the role of protocols in supporting communication between server and client processes.
Describe the features, operation, and use of well-known TCP/IP application layer services (HTTP, DNS, SMTP).
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Applications – The Interface Between Human and Data Networks Explain that applications provide the means for generating and
receiving data that can be transported on the network
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Applications – The Interface Between Human and Data Networks Explain the role of applications, services and protocols in
converting communication to data that can be transferred across the data network
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Applications – The Interface Between Human and Data Networks Define the separate roles applications, services and protocols play
in transporting data through networks
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Applications – The Interface Between Human and Data Networks Describe the role protocols play in networking and be able to
identify several message properties that can be defined by a protocol
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The Role of Protocols in Supporting Communication Describe the roles of client and server processes in data networks
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The Role of Protocols in Supporting Communication List common Application Layers services and protocols
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The Role of Protocols in Supporting Communication Compare and contrast client server networking with peer-to-peer
networking and peer-to-peer applications
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Features, Operation, and Use of TCP/IP Application Layer Services Describe the features of the DNS protocol and how this protocol
supports DNS services
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Features, Operation, and Use of TCP/IP Application Layer Services Describe the features of the HTTP protocol and how this protocol
supports the delivery of web pages to the client
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Features, Operation, and Use of TCP/IP Application Layer Services Describe the features of the POP and SMTP protocols, and how
these protocols support e-mail services
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Features, Operation, and Use of TCP/IP Application Layer Services Describe the features of the Telnet protocol and identify several of
its uses in examining and managing networks
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Features, Operation, and Use of TCP/IP Application Layer Services Describe the features of the SMB protocol and the role it plays in
supporting file sharing in Microsoft-based networks
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Features, Operation, and Use of TCP/IP Application Layer Services Describe the features of the Gnutella protocol and the role it plays
in supporting P2P services
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Summary
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© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 1
OSI Transport Layer
Network Fundamentals – Chapter 4
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Objectives Explain the role of Transport Layer protocols and
services in supporting communications across data networks
Analyze the application and operation of TCP mechanisms that support reliability
Analyze the application and operation of TCP mechanisms that support reassembly and manage data loss.
Analyze the operation of UDP to support communicate between two processes on end devices
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Transport Layer Role and Services Explain the purpose of the Transport layer
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Transport Layer Role and Services Major functions of the transport layer and the role it
plays in data networks
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Transport Layer Role and Services Supporting Reliable Communication
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Transport Layer Role and Services Identify the basic characteristics of the UDP and TCP
protocols
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Transport Layer Role and Services Identify how a port number is represented and describe
the role port numbers play in the TCP and UDP protocols.
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Transport Layer Role and Services Describe the role of segments in the transport layer and
the two principle ways segments can be marked for reassembly.
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Application and Operation of TCP Mechanisms Trace the steps that show how the TCP reliability
mechanism works as part of a session
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Application and Operation of TCP Mechanisms Describe the role of port numbers in establishing TCP
sessions and directing segments to server process
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Application and Operation of TCP Mechanisms Trace the steps in the handshake in the establishment
of TCP sessions
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Application and Operation of TCP Mechanisms Trace the steps in the handshake in the termination of
TCP sessions
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Managing TCP Sessions Describe how TCP sequence numbers are used to
reconstruct the data stream with segments placed in the correct order
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Managing TCP Sessions Trace the steps used by the TCP protocol in which
sequence numbers and acknowledgement numbers are used to manage exchanges in a conversation
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Managing TCP Sessions Describe the retransmission.remedy for lost data
employed by TCP
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Managing TCP Sessions Describe the mechanisms in TCP that manage the
interrelationship between window size, data loss and congestion during a session
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UDP Protocol Describe the characteristics of the UDP protocol and
the types of communication for which it is best suited
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UDP Protocol Describe in detail the process specified by the UDP
protocol to reassemble PDUs at the destination device
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UDP Protocol Describe how servers use port numbers to identify a
specified application layer process and direct segments to the proper service or application
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UDP Protocol Trace the steps as the UDP protocol and port numbers
are utilized in client-server communication.
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Summary
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© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 1
OSI Network Layer
Network Fundamentals – Chapter 5
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Objectives Identify the role of the Network Layer, as it describes
communication from one end device to another end device
Examine the most common Network Layer protocol, Internet Protocol (IP), and its features for providing connectionless and best-effort service
Understand the principles used to guide the division or grouping of devices into networks
Understand the hierarchical addressing of devices and how this allows communication between networks
Understand the fundamentals of routes, next hop addresses and packet forwarding to a destination network
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Network Layer Protocols and Internet Protocol (IP) Define the basic role of the Network Layer in data
networks
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Network Layer Protocols and Internet Protocol (IP) Identify the basic characteristics and the role of the
IPv4 protocol
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Network Layer Protocols and Internet Protocol (IP) Describe the implications for the use of the IP protocol
as it is connectionless
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Network Layer Protocols and Internet Protocol (IP) Describe the implications for the use of the IP protocol
as it is considered an unreliable protocol
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Network Layer Protocols and Internet Protocol (IP) Describe the implications for the use of the IP as it is
media independent
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Network Layer Protocols and Internet Protocol (IP) Describe the role of framing in the Transport Layer and
explain that segments are encapsulated as packets
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Network Layer Protocols and Internet Protocol (IP) Identify the major header fields in the IPv4 protocol and
describe each field's role in transporting packets
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Grouping Devices into Networks and Hierarchical Addressing List several different reasons for grouping devices into
sub-networks and define several terms used to identify the sub-networks
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Grouping Devices into Networks and Hierarchical Addressing List several ways in which dividing a large network can
increase network performance
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Grouping Devices into Networks and Hierarchical Addressing List several ways in which dividing a large network can
increase network security
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Grouping Devices into Networks and Hierarchical Addressing Explain the communication problems that emerge when
very large numbers of devices are included in one large network
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Grouping Devices into Networks and Hierarchical Addressing Describe how hierarchical addressing solves the
problem of devices communicating across networks of networks
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Grouping Devices into Networks and Hierarchical Addressing Describe the purpose of further subdividing networks
into smaller networks
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Fundamentals of Routes, Next Hop Addresses and Packet Forwarding Describe the role of an intermediary gateway device in
allowing devices to communicate across sub-divided networks
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Fundamentals of Routes, Next Hop Addresses and Packet Forwarding Trace the steps of an IP packet as it traverses
unchanged via routers from sub network to sub-network
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Fundamentals of Routes, Next Hop Addresses and Packet Forwarding Describe the role of a gateway and the use of a simple
route table in directing packets toward their ultimate destinations
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Fundamentals of Routes, Next Hop Addresses and Packet Forwarding Define a route and its three key parts
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Fundamentals of Routes, Next Hop Addresses and Packet Forwarding Describe the purpose and use of the destination
network in a route
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Fundamentals of Routes, Next Hop Addresses and Packet Forwarding Describe the purpose and use of the next hop in a route
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Fundamentals of Routes, Next Hop Addresses and Packet Forwarding Trace the steps of several IP packets as they are
routed through several gateways from devices on one sub network to devices on other sub networks
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Fundamentals of Routes, Next Hop Addresses and Packet Forwarding Describe the purpose of routing protocols and the need
for both static and dynamic routes
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Fundamentals of Routes, Next Hop Addresses and Packet Forwarding Explain how routes are manually configured to build
routing table
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Fundamentals of Routes, Next Hop Addresses and Packet Forwarding Explain the role of routing protocols in building the
routing table
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Summary
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© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 1
Addressing the Network – IPv4
Network Fundamentals – Chapter 6
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Objectives Explain the structure IP addressing and demonstrate the ability
to convert between 8-bit binary and decimal numbers.
Given an IPv4 address, classify by type and describe how it is used in the network
Explain how addresses are assigned to networks by ISPs and within networks by administrators
Determine the network portion of the host address and explain the role of the subnet mask in dividing networks.
Given IPv4 addressing information and design criteria, calculate the appropriate addressing components.
Use common testing utilities to verify and test network connectivity and operational status of the IP protocol stack on a host.
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IP Addressing Structure Describe the dotted decimal structure of a binary IP
address and label its parts
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IP Addressing Structure Describe the general role of 8-bit binary in network
addressing and convert 8-bit binary to decimal
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IP Addressing Structure Practice converting 8-bit binary to decimal
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IP Addressing Structure Convert decimal to 8-bit binary
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IP Addressing Structure Practice converting decimal to 8-bit binary
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Classify and Define IPv4 Addresses Name the three types of addresses in the network and
describe the purpose of each type
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Classify and Define IPv4 Addresses Determine the network, broadcast and host addresses
for a given address and prefix combination
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Classify and Define IPv4 Addresses Name the three types of communication in the Network
Layer and describe the characteristics of each type
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Classify and Define IPv4 Addresses Identify the address ranges reserved for these special
purposes in the IPv4 protocol
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Classify and Define IPv4 Addresses Define public address and private address
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Classify and Define IPv4 Addresses Describe the purpose of several special addresses
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Classify and Define IPv4 Addresses Identify the historic method for assigning addresses
and the issues associated with the method
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Assigning Addresses Explain the importance of using a structured process to
assign IP addresses to hosts and the implications for choosing private vs. public addresses
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Assigning Addresses Explain how end user devices can obtain addresses
either statically through an administrator or dynamically through DHCP
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Assigning Addresses Explain which types of addresses should be assigned
to devices other than end user devices
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Assigning Addresses Describe the process for requesting IPv4 public
addresses, the role ISPs play in the process, and the role of the regional agencies that manage IP address registries
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Assigning Addresses Identify different types of ISPs and their roles in
providing Internet connectivity
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Assigning Addresses Identify several changes made to the IP protocol in
IPv6 and describe the motivation for migrating from IPv4 to IPv6.
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Determine the network portion of the host address and the role of the subnet mask Describe how the subnet mask is used to create and
specify the network and host portions of an IP address
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Determine the network portion of the host address and the role of the subnet mask Use the subnet mask and ANDing process to extract
the network address from the IP address.
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Determine the network portion of the host address and the role of the subnet mask Use ANDing logic to determine an outcome.
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Determine the network portion of the host address and the role of the subnet mask Observe the steps in the ANDing of an IPv4 host
address and subnet mask
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Calculating Addresses Use the subnet mask to divide a network into smaller
networks and describe the implications of dividing networks for network planners
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Calculating Addresses Extract network addresses from host addresses using
the subnet mask
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Calculating Addresses Calculate the number of hosts in a network range given
an address and subnet mask
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Calculating Addresses Given a subnet address and subnet mask, calculate the
network address, host addresses and broadcast address
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Calculating Addresses Given a pool of addresses and masks, assign a host
parameter with address, mask and gateway
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Calculating Addresses Given a diagram of a multi-layered network, address
range, number of hosts in each network and the ranges for each network, create a network scheme that assigns addressing ranges to each network
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 31 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Testing the Network Layer Describe the general purpose of the ping command,
trace the steps of its operation in a network, and use the ping command to determine if the IP protocol is operational on a local host
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 32 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Testing the Network Layer Use ping to verify that a local host can communicate
with a gateway across a local area network
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 33 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Testing the Network Layer Use ping to verify that a local host can communicate via
a gateway to a device in remote network
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 34 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Testing the Network Layer Use tracert/traceroute to observe the path between two
devices as they communicate and trace the steps of tracert/traceroute's operation
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 35 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Testing the Network Layer Describe the role of ICMP in the TCP/IP suite and its
impact on the IP protocol
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 36 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Summary
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 37 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 1
OSI Data Link Layer
Network Fundamentals – Chapter 7
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 2 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Objectives Explain the role of Data Link layer protocols in data transmission.
Describe how the Data Link layer prepares data for transmission on network media.
Describe the different types of media access control methods.
Identify several common logical network topologies and describe how the logical topology determines the media access control method for that network.
Explain the purpose of encapsulating packets into frames to facilitate media access.
Describe the Layer 2 frame structure and identify generic fields.
Explain the role of key frame header and trailer fields including addressing, QoS, type of protocol and Frame Check Sequence.
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 3 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Data Link Layer – Accessing the Media Describe the service the Data Link Layer provides as it
prepares communication for transmission on specific media
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 4 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Data Link Layer – Accessing the Media Describe why Data Link layer protocols are required to
control media access
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 5 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Data Link Layer – Accessing the Media Describe the role of framing in preparing a packet for
transmission on a given media
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 6 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Data Link Layer – Accessing the Media Describe the role the Data Link layer plays in linking the
software and hardware layers
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 7 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Data Link Layer – Accessing the Media Identify several sources for the protocols and standards
used by the Data Link layer
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 8 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Media Access Control Techniques Explain the necessity for controlling access to the
media
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 9 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Media Access Control Techniques Identify two media access control methods for shared
media and the basic characteristics of each
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 10 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Media Access Control Techniques Define Full Duplex and Half Duplex as it relates to
Media Access Control for non-shared media
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 11 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Media Access Control Techniques Describe the purpose of a logical topology and identify
several common logical topologies
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 12 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Media Access Control Techniques Contrast logical and physical topologies
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 13 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Media Access Control Techniques Identify the characteristics of point-to-point topology
and describe the implications for media access when using this topology
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 14 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Media Access Control Techniques Identify the characteristics of multi-access topology and
describe the implications for media access when using this topology
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 15 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Media Access Control Techniques Identify the characteristics of ring topology and describe
the implications for media access when using this topology
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 16 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Media Access Control Addressing and Framing Data Describe the purpose of encapsulating packets into
frames to facilitate the entry and exit of data on media
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 17 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Media access control addressing and framing data Describe the role of the frame header in the Data Link
layer and identify the fields commonly found in protocols specifying the header structure
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 18 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Media access control addressing and framing data Describe the role of addressing in the Data Link layer
and identify cases where addresses are needed and cases where addresses are not needed
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 19 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Media access control addressing and framing data Describe the importance of the trailer in the Data Link
layer and its implications for use on Ethernet, a "non-reliable" media
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 20 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Summary
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 21 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 1
OSI Physical Layer
Network Fundamentals – Chapter 8
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 2 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Objectives Explain the role of Physical layer protocols and
services in supporting communication across data networks. - Describe the role of signals used to represent bits as a frame
as the frame is transported across the local media
Describe the purpose of Physical layer signaling and encoding as they are used in networks
Identify the basic characteristics of copper, fiber and wireless network media
Describe common uses of copper, fiber and wireless network media
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 3 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Physical Layer Protocols & Services Describe the purpose of the Physical layer in the
network and identify the basic elements that enable this layer to fulfill its function
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 4 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Physical Layer Protocols & Services Describe the role of bits in representing a frame as it is
transported across the local media.
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 5 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Physical Layer Protocols & Services Describe the role of signaling in the physical media.
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 6 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Physical Layer Protocols & Services Distinguish who establishes and maintains standards
for the Physical layers compared to those for the other layers of the network
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 7 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Physical Layer Protocols & Services Identify hardware components associated with the
Physical layer that are governed by standards
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 8 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Physical Layer Signaling and Encoding Explain that network communication at this layer
consists of individual bits encoded onto the Physical layer and describe the basic encoding techniques.
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 9 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Physical Layer Signaling and Encoding Describe the role of encoding as it applies to the
transmission of bits and explain the value of treating a collection of bits as a code.
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 10 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Physical Layer Signaling and Encoding Define the terms bandwidth, throughput, and goodput
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 11 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Characteristics & Uses of Network Media Identify several media characteristics defined by
Physical layer standards.
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 12 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Characteristics & Uses of Network Media Describe the impact interference has on throughput and
the role of proper cabling in reducing interference
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 13 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Characteristics & Uses of Network Media Identify the basic characteristics of UTP cable
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 14 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Characteristics & Uses of Network Media Identify the basic characteristics of STP and Coaxial
cable
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 15 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Characteristics & Uses of Network Media Identify types of safety issues when working with
copper cabling
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 16 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Characteristics & Uses of Network Media Identify several primary characteristics of fiber cabling
and its main advantages over other media
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 17 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Characteristics & Uses of Network Media Describe the role of radio waves when using air as the
media and the increased need for security in wireless communications
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 18 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Characteristics & Uses of Network Media Identify the characteristics used to categorize
connectors, describe some common uses for the same connectors, and identify the consequences for misapplying a connector in a given situation
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 19 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Summary
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 20 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 1
Ethernet
Network Fundamentals – Chapter 9
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 2 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Objectives Identify the basic characteristics of network media used in
Ethernet.
Describe the physical and data link features of Ethernet.
Describe the function and characteristics of the media access control method used by Ethernet protocol.
Explain the importance of Layer 2 addressing used for data transmission and determine how the different types of addressing impacts network operation and performance.
Compare and contrast the application and benefits of using Ethernet switches in a LAN as apposed to using hubs.
Explain the ARP process.
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 3 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Characteristics of Network Media used in Ethernet Identify several characteristics of Ethernet in its early
years.
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 4 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Characteristics of Network Media used in Ethernet Describe the emergence of the LAN switch as a key
innovation for managing collisions on Ethernet-based networks
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 5 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Characteristics of Network Media used in Ethernet Identify the characteristics of state-of-the-art Ethernet
and describe its utilization of cabling and point-to-point topography
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 6 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Physical and Data Link Features of Ethernet Standards and Implementation
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 7 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Physical and Data Link Features of Ethernet Describe how the Ethernet operates across two layers
of the OSI model
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 8 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Physical and Data Link Features of Ethernet Logic Link Control – Connecting the Upper Layers
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 9 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Physical and Data Link Features of Ethernet Media Access Control (MAC)
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 10 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Physical and Data Link Features of Ethernet Physical Implementations of the Ethernet
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 11 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Function and Characteristics of the Media Access Control Method MAC in Ethernet
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 12 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Function and Characteristics of the Media Access Control Method Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 13 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Function and Characteristics of the Media Access Control Method
Ethernet Timing
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 14 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Layer 2 addressing and its Impact on Network Operation and Performance The Frame – Encapsulating the Packet
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 15 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Layer 2 addressing and its Impact on Network Operation and Performance The Ethernet MAC Address
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 16 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Layer 2 addressing and its Impact on Network Operation and Performance Hexadecimal Numbering and Addressing
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 17 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Layer 2 addressing and its Impact on Network Operation and Performance Another Layer of Addressing
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 18 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Layer 2 addressing and its Impact on Network Operation and Performance Ethernet Unicast, Multicast and Broadcast
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 19 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Compare and Contrast the Use of Ethernet Switches versus Hubs in a LAN. Legacy Ethernet – Using Hubs
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 20 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Compare and Contrast the Use of Ethernet Switches versus Hubs in a LAN. Ethernet – Using Switches
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 21 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Compare and Contrast the Use of Ethernet Switches versus Hubs in a LAN. Describe how a switch can eliminate collisions,
backoffs and re- transmissions, the leading factors in reduced throughput on a hub-based Ethernet network
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 22 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Explain the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) process. Mapping IP to MAC Addresses
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 23 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Explain the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) process. ARP – Destinations Outside the Local Network
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 24 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Explain the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) process. ARP – Removing Address Mappings
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 25 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Explain the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) process. ARP Broadcasts - Issues
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 26 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Summary
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 27 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 1
Planning and Cabling Networks
Network Fundamentals – Chapter 10
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 2 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Objectives Identify the basic network media required to make a LAN
connection.
Identify the types of connections for intermediate and end device connections in a LAN. - Identify the pin out configurations for straight-through and crossover
cables. - Identify the different cabling types, standards and ports used for
WAN connections. - Define the role of device management connections when using
Cisco equipment.
Design an addressing scheme for an inter-network and assign ranges for hosts, network devices and the router interface.
Compare and contrast the importance of network designs
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 3 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Basic Network Media Required to Make a LAN Connection. Select the appropriate hardware, including the cabling,
to install several computers together in a LAN
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 4 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Basic Network Media Required to Make a LAN Connection. To identify some key aspects of the devices they will be
employing in a LAN
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 5 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Basic Network Media Required to Make a LAN Connection. Connect two computers with a switch
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 6 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Types of Connections in a LAN Given a specific network connection, identify the type of
cable required to make the connection
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 7 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Types of Connections in a LAN Identify the correct cable to use in connecting
intermediate and end devices in a LAN.
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 8 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Types of Connections in a LAN Identify the pinout of the straight-through and cross-
over cables
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 9 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Types of Connections in a LAN Recognize that a different class of cables is used to
connect WANs, and that the cables, standards and ports are different than those in use by LANs.
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 10 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Types of Connections in a LAN Define the role of device management connections
when using Cisco equipment.
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 11 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Design an Addressing Scheme for an Inter-network. Design an address scheme for an internetwork and
assign ranges for hosts, network devices and the router interface
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 12 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Design an Addressing Scheme for an Inter-network. Calculate the address ranges for sub networks
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 13 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Importance of Network Designs Given a network scenario, develop an appropriate
networking scheme
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 14 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Importance of Network Designs Determine the total number of hosts in a network,
accounting for present and future requirements
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 15 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Importance of Network Designs Given a network requirement, determine the optimum
number of sub networks in the larger internetwork.
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 16 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Importance of Network Designs Describe how to count the segments between router
interfaces.
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 17 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Summary
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 18 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 1
Configuring and Testing Your Network
Network Fundamentals – Chapter 11
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 2 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Objectives Define the role of the Internetwork Operating System
(IOS)
Use Cisco CLI commands to perform basic router and switch configuration and verification
Given a network addressing scheme, select, apply, and verify appropriate addressing parameters to a host
Use common utilities to verify network connectivity between hosts
Use common utilities to establish a relative performance baseline for the network
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 3 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Role of Internetwork Operating System (IOS) Identify several classes of devices that have IOS
embedded
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 4 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Role of Internetwork Operating System (IOS) Define the purpose of startup config.
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 5 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Role of Internetwork Operating System (IOS) Identify the relationship between IOS and config
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 6 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Role of Internetwork Operating System (IOS) Recognize that Cisco IOS is modal and describe the
implications of modes.
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 7 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Role of Internetwork Operating System (IOS) Define the different modes and identify the mode
prompts in the CLI
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 8 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Role of Internetwork Operating System (IOS) Identify the basic command structure for IOS
commands
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 9 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Role of Internetwork Operating System (IOS) Identify the types of help and feedback available while
using IOS and use these features to get help, take shortcuts and ascertain success
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 10 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Role of Internetwork Operating System (IOS) Identify the purpose of the show command and several
of its variations
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 11 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Role of Internetwork Operating System (IOS) Identify several of the configuration modes, their
purpose and their associated prompt
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 12 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Role of Internetwork Operating System (IOS) Use the CLI to access various IOS configuration modes
on a device
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 13 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Use Cisco CLI Commands to Perform Basic Router & Switch Configuration and Verification Explain the reasons for naming devices.
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 14 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Use Cisco CLI Commands to Perform Basic Router & Switch Configuration and Verification Describe two common approaches to establishing
naming conventions
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 15 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Use Cisco CLI Commands to Perform Basic Router & Switch Configuration and Verification Based on a diagram, configure host names using the
CLI
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 16 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Use Cisco CLI Commands to Perform Basic Router & Switch Configuration and Verification Describe the role of passwords in limiting access to
device configurations
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 17 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Use Cisco CLI Commands to Perform Basic Router & Switch Configuration and Verification Describe several ways in which access to a device
configuration can be limited
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 18 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Use Cisco CLI Commands to Perform Basic Router & Switch Configuration and Verification Use the CLI to set passwords and add banners to a
device
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 19 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Use Cisco CLI Commands to Perform Basic Router & Switch Configuration and Verification Trace the steps used to examine the startup config,
make changes to config, and replace the startup config with the running config
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 20 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Use Cisco CLI Commands to Perform Basic Router & Switch Configuration and Verification Use basic IOS config commands to manage a device.
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 21 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Use Cisco CLI Commands to Perform Basic Router & Switch Configuration and Verification Use a text file to backup and restore config settings
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 22 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Use Cisco CLI Commands to Perform Basic Router & Switch Configuration and Verification Identify the role of a router in a network.
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 23 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Use Cisco CLI Commands to Perform Basic Router & Switch Configuration and Verification Describe the purpose of having multiple interfaces in
one router
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 24 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Use Cisco CLI Commands to Perform Basic Router & Switch Configuration and Verification Explain the purpose of assigning interface descriptions
to a router
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 25 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Use Cisco CLI Commands to Perform Basic Router & Switch Configuration and Verification Assign a router interface, assign a meaningful interface
description, and enable the interface
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 26 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Select, Apply, and Verify Appropriate Addressing Parameters to a Host Given a type of host and a master addressing scheme, trace the
steps for assigning host parameters to a host
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 27 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Select, Apply, and Verify Appropriate Addressing Parameters to a Host Trace the steps for using ipconfig/ifconfig to verify host parameter
assignments and for using ping to test assignments
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 28 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Select, Apply, and Verify Appropriate Addressing Parameters to a Host Identify two ways parameters can be assigned to hosts
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 29 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Use Common Utilities to Verify Network Connectivity Between Hosts Use the ping command in the CLI to determine if the IP
protocol is operational on a local host
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 30 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Use Common Utilities to Verify Network Connectivity Between Hosts Use the ping command to determine if the IP protocol is
properly bound to an NIC
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 31 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Use Common Utilities to Verify Network Connectivity Between Hosts Use the ping command to determine if a host can
actively communicate across the local network
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 32 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Use Common Utilities to Verify Network Connectivity Between Hosts Use the ping command to verify that the local host can
communicate across the internetwork to a given remote host.
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 33 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Use Common Utilities to Verify Network Connectivity Between Hosts Identify several conditions that might cause the test to
fail
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 34 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Use Common Utilities to Verify Network Connectivity Between Hosts Use trace commands to identify network connectivity
problem
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 35 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Use Common Utilities to Establish a Relative Performance Baseline for the Network Use the output of the ping command, saved into logs,
and repeated over time, to establish relative network performance
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 36 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Use Common Utilities to Establish a Relative Performance Baseline for the Network Use the output of the traceroute command, saved into
logs, and repeated over time, to establish relative network performance
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 37 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Use Common Utilities to Establish a Relative Performance Baseline for the Network Trace the steps for verifying the physical addresses of
the hosts
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 38 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Summary
ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 39 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public