10816bwar10ch4pittwatersydneyharbour

8/6/2019 10816bwar10ch4pittwatersydneyharbour

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New South Wales State of the Beaches 20092010: Sydney Estuarine Beaches regionPage 245

Sydney Estuarine Beaches region

Waterways and councilsSydney has a large number of estuarine swimminglocations. Many of these sites are netted orenclosed for safety, but most are backed by a stripof sandy beach and therefore are referred tocollectively as beaches in this report. Results arepresented by waterway (Figure 26):

Pittwater (Pittwater Council)

Sydney Harbour (Manly, Mosman, NorthSydney, Willoughby, Canada Bay, LaneCove, Leichhardt, Hunters Hill and Woollahracouncils)

Botany Bay and lower Georges River (BotanyBay, Randwick, Rockdale, Hurstville,Kogarah and Sutherland councils)

Port Hacking (Sutherland Shire Council).

The programsA total of 54 estuarine beaches are monitored in theSydney region under the Harbourwatch Program(Table 20).

Monitoring in Sydney Harbour, Botany Bay, thelower Georges River and Port Hacking commencedduring the 19941995 swimming season, withmonitoring in Pittwater commencing in the followingyear. All sites have been tested for enterococcithroughout this period.

Sydneys estuarine beaches are monitored by boat,with samples collected just outside the swimmingenclosure or as close to shore as possible if thereare no nets.

Samples are collected every sixth day during theswimming season (October to April), with monthlysurveillance sampling between May andSeptember. Prior to May 2009, Sydney estuarinebeaches were sampled every sixth day throughout

the year.

Following consultation with local councils, fivesampling sites were removed from theHarbourwatch Program in 20092010. MosmanCouncil did not endorse Little Sirius Cove as aswimming location; Manly Council had no plans toreinstate Sangrado Baths; Hunters Hill Council hadno plans reinstate Henley Baths; and PittwaterCouncil indicated that Winji Jimmi Baths were notused for swimming and that Salt Pan Cove Bathswere in a state of disrepair.

Taylors Point Baths in Pittwater was added to theHarbourwatch Program in 2010 and will be reportedfrom 20102011.

To ensure that the data collected and reportedunder the Harbourwatch Program are accurate andreliable, quality assurance of sampling, microbialanalysis and reporting is undertaken. The findingsof the quality assurance program are described inQuality Assurance section of this report.

Table 20: Monitoring of Sydney Estuarine Beaches region

Number of sitesWaterway Sampling frequency Ocean

beachesOceanbaths Estuarine

Lagoon/lake

Freshwaterriver Total

Pittwater Every 6 days (OctApr).Monthly (MaySept) 9 9

Sydney Harbour Every 6 days (OctApr).Monthly (MaySept) 25 25

Botany Bay and lowerGeorges River

Every 6 days (OctApr).Monthly (MaySept) 15 15

Port Hacking Every 6 days (OctApr).Monthly (MaySept) 5 5


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Figure 26: Sampling locations in the Sydney Estuarine Beaches region


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20092010 resultsOf the 54 estuarine beaches in the Sydney region36 were graded as Good or Very Good (Tables 21and 22).

PittwaterPittwater was the best-performing waterway inSydney, with all nine swimming locations graded asVery Good or Good.

The highest-rated swimming locations wereBarrenjoey Beach, The Basin and Great MackerelBeach. These sites were graded as Very Good andhad consistently excellent microbial water qualityand few potential sources of faecal contamination.

Beaches graded as Good were Paradise Beach

Baths, Clareville Beach, Bayview Baths, Elvina Bay,North Scotland Island and South Scotland Island.These sites had generally very good water quality,but may be susceptible to pollution from a numberof potential pollution sources in their catchments.

Sydney HarbourSeventeen of the 25 swimming locations in SydneyHarbour were graded as Very Good or Good.

The highest-rated swimming sites were NielsenPark and Manly Cove. These sites had consistently

excellent microbial water quality and few potentialsources of faecal contamination.

The Sydney Harbour beaches graded as Goodwere Watsons Bay, Parsley Bay, Redleaf Pool,Dawn Fraser Pool, Chiswick Baths, GreenwichBaths, Hayes Street Beach, Clifton Gardens,Balmoral Baths, Edwards Beach, ChinamansBeach, Clontarf Pool, Forty Baskets Pool, FairlightBeach and Little Manly Cove. Microbial waterquality is generally good at these sites, but there area number of potential pollution sources in theircatchments which could cause contamination.

Six swimming locations were graded as Fair: RoseBay Beach, Cabarita Beach, Woolwich Baths,Woodford Bay, Northbridge Baths and GurneyCrescent Baths. These sites are generally suitablefor swimming during dry weather conditions, butowing to presence of significant sources of microbialcontamination, they are susceptible to pollutionfollowing rainfall.

Two swimming locations were graded as Poor:Tambourine Bay in lower Lane Cove River andDavidson Reserve in the upper reaches of Middle

Harbour. These sites are very susceptible tomicrobial contamination, and water quality is oftenunsuitable for swimming following light rainfall.

Botany Bay and lower Georges RiverOnly six of the 15 swimming locations in Botany Bayand lower Georges River were graded as Good. Noswimming locations were graded as Very Good.

Beaches graded as Good were Silver Beach,Sandringham Baths, Dolls Point Baths, RamsgateBaths, Monterey Baths and Congwong Bay. Thesesites had generally good water quality but may besusceptible to pollution from a number of potentialsources of faecal contamination.

Four swimming locations were graded as Fair: JewFish Bay Baths, Carss Point Baths, Brighton LeSands Baths and Yarra Bay. These sites aregenerally suitable for swimming during dry weatherconditions, but they may be susceptible to microbialcontamination from a number of potential sources

following rainfall.Como Baths, Oatley Bay Baths, Kyeemagh Bathsand Frenchmans Bay were graded as Poor,indicating that water quality was often affected bymicrobial contamination. Enterococi levels may beelevated following light rainfall.

Foreshores Beach was graded as Very Poor.Enterococci levels are frequently unsuitable forswimming and the site is affected by sewageoverflows into Mill Pond Creek, which dischargesadjacent to the site.

Port HackingThree of the five swimming locations in PortHacking were graded as Very Good or Good. Thehighest-graded site was Jibbon Beach, which hadconsistently excellent water quality and fewpotential sources of microbial contamination.

Horderns Beach and Lilli Pilli Baths were graded asGood. They had generally good water quality butmay be susceptible to pollution from a number ofpotential sources of contamination.

Gunnamatta Bay Baths was graded as Fair.Although the site had generally good water qualityduring dry weather conditions, elevated bacteriallevels were frequently measured following rainfalland there are several potential sources of faecalcontamination in the catchment.

Gymea Bay Baths was graded as Poor. The site isvery susceptible to microbial contamination andwater quality is often unsuitable for swimmingfollowing light rainfall because of stormwaterimpacts.


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Table 21: Beach Suitability Grades in Pittwater and Sydney Harbour 20092010

Site Site typeSanitary

InspectionCategory

MicrobialAssessment

Category

Beach SuitabilityGrade

Barrenjoey Beach Estuarine Low Category A Very Good

Paradise Beach Baths Estuarine Moderate Category A GoodClareville Beach Estuarine Moderate Category B Good

Bayview Baths Estuarine Moderate Category B GoodElvina Bay Estuarine Moderate Category A Good

North Scotland Island Estuarine Moderate Category A Good

South Scotland Island Estuarine Moderate Category A Good

The Basin Estuarine Low Category A Very Good

P i t t w a

t e r

Great Mackerel Beach Estuarine Low Category A Very GoodWatsons Bay Estuarine Moderate Category A Good

Parsley Bay Estuarine Moderate Category B Good

Nielsen Park Estuarine Low Category A Very GoodRose Bay Beach Estuarine High Category B Fair

Redleaf Pool Estuarine Moderate Category B Good

Dawn Fraser Pool Estuarine Moderate Category B GoodChiswick Baths Estuarine Moderate Category B Good

Cabarita Beach Estuarine High Category B Fair

Woolwich Baths Estuarine High Category B Fair

Tambourine Bay Estuarine High Category C Poor

Woodford Bay Estuarine High Category B Fair

Greenwich Baths Estuarine Moderate Category B Good

Hayes St Beach Estuarine Moderate Category B GoodClifton Gardens Estuarine Moderate Category B Good

Balmoral Baths Estuarine Moderate Category B Good

Edwards Beach Estuarine Moderate Category A Good

Chinamans Beach Estuarine Moderate Category B Good

Northbridge Baths Estuarine High Category B Fair

Davidson Reserve Estuarine High Category C Poor

Gurney Crescent Baths Estuarine High Category B Fair

Clontarf Pool Estuarine Moderate Category B GoodForty Baskets Pool Estuarine Moderate Category A Good

Fairlight Beach Estuarine Moderate Category A Good

Manly Cove Estuarine Low Category A Very Good

S y

d n e y

H a r b o u r

Little Manly Cove Estuarine Moderate Category B Good


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Table 22: Beach Suitability Grades in Botany Bay, lower Georges River and Port Hacking 20092010

Site Site typeSanitary

InspectionCategory

MicrobialAssessment

Category

Beach SuitabilityGrade

Silver Beach Estuarine Moderate Category B GoodComo Baths Estuarine High Category C PoorJew Fish Bay Baths Estuarine High Category B Fair

Oatley Bay Baths Estuarine Moderate Category C Poor

Carss Point Baths Estuarine High Category B Fair

Sandringham Baths Estuarine Moderate Category B Good

Dolls Point Baths Estuarine Moderate Category B Good

Ramsgate Baths Estuarine Moderate Category B Good

Monterey Baths Estuarine Moderate Category B Good

Brighton-le-Sands Baths Estuarine High Category B FairKyeemagh Baths Estuarine High Category C Poor

Foreshores Beach Estuarine High Category D Very Poor

Yarra Bay Estuarine High Category B Fair

Frenchmans Bay Estuarine Moderate Category C Poor

B o

t a n y a n

d l o w e r

G e o r g e s

R i v e r

Congwong Bay Estuarine Low Category B GoodJibbon Beach Estuarine Low Category A Very Good

Horderns Beach Estuarine Moderate Category B Good

Gymea Bay Baths Estuarine High Category C Poor

Lilli Pilli Baths Estuarine Low Category B Good P o r t

H a c

k i n g

Gunnamatta Bay Baths Estuarine High Category B Fair


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Pittwater

Figure 27: Sampling locations and Beach Suitability Grades in Pittwater


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Overview of the areaDescriptionPittwater is located 40 kilometres north of Sydney,near the mouth of the Hawkesbury River. The

waterway is approximately 10 kilometres long andcovers 17.5 square kilometres. Because of thecalm, sheltered waters, Pittwater is popular forboating and has the greatest concentration of boatsin New South Wales.

The Barrenjoey Head Aquatic Reserve extendsaround the headland from Shark Point in Pittwaterto the northern end of Palm Beach.

Pittwaters catchment covers approximately 50square kilometres, with residential developmentalong the eastern and southern shores. Much of thewestern shore is located in the Ku-Ring-Gai ChaseNational Park. Scotland Island also containsresidential development.

AssessmentMicrobial water qualitySince May 2009, enterococci samples at the nineswimming locations in Pittwater have been collectedby boat every sixth day during the swimmingseason and monthly between May and September,providing approximately 40 samples each year. Thisnumber is well above NHMRCs recommended 20samples per year. Prior to May 2009, samples werecollected by boat approximately every sixth daythroughout the year.

The Microbial Assessment Category for 20092010was calculated from the most recent 100 data pointsup until the end of the 20092010 swimming season(May 2008 until April 2010).

Sanitary inspectionsProvisional sanitary inspections have beencompleted for all swimming locations in Pittwater in

consultation with Pittwater Council. The sanitaryinspections will be reviewed during 20102011.

Beach Suitability GradesAll nine swimming locations in Pittwater weregraded as Good or Very Good during the 2009 2010 swimming season (Figure 27).

Very GoodThree swimming locations were graded as VeryGood: Barrenjoey Beach, The Basin and GreatMackerel Beach. These sites had all excellent waterquality (Microbial Assessment Category A) and fewpotential sources of microbial contamination(Sanitary Inspection Categories of Low).

GoodSix swimming locations were graded as Good:Paradise Beach Baths, Clareville Beach, BayviewBaths, Elvina Bay, North Scotland Island and SouthScotland Island.

These sites had mostly good water quality(Microbial Assessment Category A or B), but hadseveral, or more significant, potential sources ofmicrobial contamination, such as urban stormwaterrunoff, on-site systems or river discharge. Thesepollution sources may affect water quality followingheavy rainfall.

FairNo beaches were classified as Fair.

PoorNo beaches were classified as Poor.

Very Poor

No beaches were classified as Very Poor.

ManagementWastewater managementThe vast majority of households in the Pittwater

catchment are connected to Sydney Watersreticulated sewerage system, which transportssewage for treatment at the Warriewood SewageTreatment Plant (STP).

Warriewood STP discharges approximately 16million litres of secondary-treated and disinfectedeffluent each day from a shoreline outfall atTurimetta Head (EPA NSW 2009).

Scotland Island and small areas of urbandevelopment along the western shore of Pittwaterare not connected to reticulated sewerage and relyon on-site sewage management systems forsewage treatment and/or disposal. Pittwater Councilinspects these systems to ensure that they areoperating correctly and to identify risks to humanhealth or the environment.

Sydney Water is inspecting, cleaning and repairingthose sewer mains in Pittwaters south-easterncatchments that have a high likelihood ofdischarging sewage to waterways if they becomeblocked. When significant tree root intrusion to thepublic sewer from the private sewer is identified,

property owners are requested to remedy theproblem.


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Sydney Water also conducts dry weather monitoringof main stormwater drains to identify sewer leaks.Leaks from the public sewer are repaired by SydneyWater and private sewer leaks are referred to theLocal Councils.

Sewage pump-out facilities for boats are provided atQuays Marina, Bayview (NSW Maritime 2009).

Stormwater managementPittwater Councils Stormwater Management Plan,Estuary Management Plan and Scotland IslandStormwater Drainage Management Plan address arange of water quality issues and include actions toidentify pollution sources, reduce the impact ofstormwater pollution, and raise communityawareness through education.

Council introduced a Stormwater ManagementServices Charge in 2007 to fund activities andinvestigations aimed at improving stormwaterquality, managing stormwater flows and flooding,and harvesting stormwater for re-use.


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Barrenjoey Beach Beach Suitability Grade: Very Good Barrenjoey Beach is approximately 1.5 kilometres long and located on thenorth-eastern foreshore of Pittwater. The beach is backed by Palm BeachReserve.

The Beach Suitability Grade of Very Good indicates that microbial waterquality is considered suitable for swimming almost all of the time, with fewsignificant sources of faecal contamination.

The response to rainfall graph indicates that enterococci levels increasedwith increasing rainfall, often exceeding the safe swimming limit inresponse to 20 mm of rainfall or more.

The site has been monitored since 1996. Microbial water quality improvedin 2000 when the toilet facilities at the beach were connected to thereticulated sewerage system. Since then, microbial water quality hasbeen consistently high.

Sanitary Inspection: LowVery Low Low Moderate HighSource: Very Low Low Moderate HighSource:

Microbial Assessment: A Monitoring period for 200910 result is May 2008 to April 2010.

36 45 50 26 10

0

100

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2 005 -0 6 2 00 6-07 20 07 -0 8 2 00 8- 09 20 09 -1 0

9 5 t h % i l e

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L

A

B

C

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M i c r o

b i a l A s s e s s m e n

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Response to rainfallRainfall from Avalon rain gauge

1

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0 0.14.9 59.9 1019.9 20+

24-hour rainfall (mm)

E n

t e r o c o c c i

( c f u / 1 0 0 m L )

Trends in enterococci data through time

^

Boats

OnSite SystemsSewa e Overflows

Toilet FacilitiesBathers V

e r y

L o w

Stormwater

River Discharge

H i g h

M o

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L o w

0%

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- 9 1

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- 0 0

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- 0 9

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- 1 0

% E

n t e r o c o c c i s a m p

l e s

500 cfu/100mL


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Paradise Beach Baths Beach Suitability Grade: Good Paradise Beach Baths is a 30 by 20 metre netted swimming enclosurelocated on the eastern foreshore of Pittwater and is backed by a narrowsandy beach and a small park area.

The Beach Suitability Grade of Good indicates that microbial water qualityis suitable for swimming most of the time but the water may besusceptible to pollution from several potential sources of faecalcontamination.


The site has been monitored since 1996. Microbial water quality improvedslightly in 200001 when much of the catchment was connected toreticulated sewerage. Since then, variation in microbial water qualityamong years has been the result of variations in rainfall patterns.

Sanitary Inspection: Moderate Very Low Low Moderate HighSource: Very Low Low Moderate HighSource:


11070

95

45 32

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E n

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( c f u / 1 0 0 m L )


^

Sewer ChokesSewa e Overflows

V e r y

L o w Bathers

Stormwater

Boats

H i g h

M o

d e r a

t e

L o w

0%

20%

40%

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9 0

- 9 1

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% E

n t e r o c o c c

i s a m p

l e s

500 cfu/100mL


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Clareville Beach Beach Suitability Grade: Good Clareville Beach is a narrow 250-metre-long beach located on the easternforeshore of Pittwater. A grassy park area backs the beach, with picnicfacilities at the northern end.



The site has been monitored since 1995. Microbial water quality improvedin 200001 when much of the catchment was connected to reticulatedsewerage. Since then, variation in microbial water quality among yearshas been the result of variations in rainfall patterns.


Microbial Assessment: B Monitoring period for 200910 result is May 2008 to April 2010.

11085

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55

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1

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1000

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0 0.14.9 59.9 1019.9 20+


E n

t e r o c o c c i

( c f u / 1 0 0 m L )


^

Sewer Chokes

Sewage Overflows

V e r y

L o w Bathers

Toilet Facilities

Stormwater

H i g h

M o d e r a

t e

L o w

Boats

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

9 0

- 9 1

9 1

- 9 2

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9 3

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% E

n t e r o c o c c

i s a m p

l e s

500 cfu/100mL


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Bayview Baths Beach Suitability Grade: Good Bayview Baths is a 20 by 40 metre netted swimming enclosure located onthe southern foreshore of Pittwater. The baths are backed by a narrowbeach with small park area. The baths are considerably silted up.


The response to rainfall graph indicates that enterococci levels increasedwith increasing rainfall, regularly exceeding the safe swimming limit inresponse to 10 mm of rainfall or more.

The site has been monitored since 1995. Microbial water quality improvedin 200001 when much of the catchment was connected to reticulatedsewerage. Since then, variation in microbial water quality among yearshas been the result of variations in rainfall patterns.



105

165

240

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65

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2 005 -0 6 2 00 6-07 20 07 -0 8 2 00 8- 09 20 09 -1 0

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( c f u / 1 0 0 m L )


^

Sewer Chokes

Bathers V e r y

L o w

Sewage Overflows

OnSite Systems

Stormwater

H i g h

M o

d e r a

t e

L o w

Boats

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

9 0

- 9 1

9 1

- 9 2

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% E

n t e r o c o c c

i s a m p

l e s

500 cfu/100mL


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Elvina Bay Beach Suitability Grade: Good Elvina Bay is located on the south-western foreshore of Pittwater. Theswimming area is not netted. Water quality samples are collected fromElvina South Wharf on the southern side of Elvina Bay.


The response to rainfall graph indicates that enterococci levels increasewith increasing rainfall, often exceeding the safe swimming limit inresponse to 10 mm of rainfall or more.

The site has been monitored since 1995. Microbial water quality improvedslightly in 200001 when much of the eastern side of Pittwater area wasconnected to reticulated sewerage. Since then, variation in microbialwater quality among years has been the result of rainfall patterns.



10575

10065

28

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E n

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^

Bathers V e r y

L o w OnSite Systems

Stormwater

Boats

H i g h

M o

d e r a

t e

L o w

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

9 0

- 9 1

9 1

- 9 2

9 2

- 9 3

9 3

- 9 4

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- 0 0

0 0

- 0 1

0 1

- 0 2

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- 0 6

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- 0 7

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- 1 0

% E

n t e r o c o c c

i s a m p

l e s

500 cfu/100mL


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North Scotland Island Beach Suitability Grade: Good The North Scotland Island swimming site is a 15 by 50 metre nettedenclosure located on the north side of Scotland Island in Pittwater. A parkwith picnic facilities backs the swimming area.



The site has been monitored since 1995. Microbial water quality improvedslightly in 200001 when much of eastern side of Pittwater area wasconnected to reticulated sewerage. Since then, variation in microbialwater quality among years has been the result of rainfall patterns.



70 6585 75

38

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E n

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( c f u / 1 0 0 m L )


^

Animals

Bathers V e r y

L o w

OnSite Systems

Stormwater

Boats

H i g h

M o

d e r a

t e

L o w

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

9 0

- 9 1

9 1

- 9 2

9 2

- 9 3

9 3

- 9 4

9 4

- 9 5

9 5

- 9 6

9 6

- 9 7

9 7

- 9 8

9 8

- 9 9

9 9

- 0 0

0 0

- 0 1

0 1

- 0 2

0 2

- 0 3

0 3

- 0 4

0 4

- 0 5

0 5

- 0 6

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- 0 7

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- 0 9

0 9

- 1 0

% E

n t e r o c o c c

i s a m p

l e s

500 cfu/100mL


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South Scotland Island Beach Suitability Grade: Good The South Scotland Island swimming site is located at Carols Wharf onthe southern side of Scotland Island. The location is not netted and isbacked by a reserve.


The response to rainfall graph indicates that enterococci levels generallyincreased with increasing rainfall, often exceeding the safe swimming limitin response to 20 mm of rainfall or more.

The site has been monitored since 1996. Microbial water quality improvedslightly in 200001 when much of eastern side of Pittwater area wasconnected to reticulated sewerage. Since then, variation in microbialwater quality among years has been the result of rainfall patterns.



50 6070 65

34

0

100

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2 005 -0 6 2 00 6-07 20 07 -0 8 2 00 8- 09 20 09 -1 0

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M i c r o


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C a

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1

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1000

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0 0.14.9 59.9 1019.9 20+


E n

t e r o c o c c i

( c f u / 1 0 0 m L )


^

Animals

Bathers V e r y

L o w

OnSite Systems

Stormwater

Boats

H i g h

M o

d e r a

t e

L o w

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

9 0

- 9 1

9 1

- 9 2

9 2

- 9 3

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- 9 4

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- 9 5

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- 1 0

% E

n t e r o c o c c

i s a m p

l e s

500 cfu/100mL


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The Basin Beach Suitability Grade: Very Good The Basin is a 500-metre sandy beach on the western side of Pittwater,backed by Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park. The sampling site is locatedat The Basin Wharf. The area is very popular area and is also known asCoasters Retreat.

The Beach Suitability Grade of Very Good indicates that microbial waterquality is considered suitable for swimming almost all of the time, with fewsignificant sources of faecal contamination.

The response to rainfall graph indicates that enterococci levels are notaffected by rainfall, remaining generally low and below the safe swimminglimit across all rainfall categories.

The site has been monitored since 1999. Water quality has generallybeen of a very high standard, with variation in results due to rainfall.

Sanitary Inspection: Low Very Low Low Moderate HighSource: Very Low Low Moderate HighSource:


7045 36 30 14

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Animals

OnSite Systems

Bathers V e r y

L o w Toilet Facilities

Lagoons

Boats

H i g h

M o

d e r a

t e

L o w

0%

20%

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9 0

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9 1

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9 3

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9 4

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9 6

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% E

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i s a m p

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500 cfu/100mL


17/46


Great Mackerel Beach Beach Suitability Grade: Very Good Great Mackerel Beach is a 500-metre-long sandy beach on the north-western side of Pittwater. The northern end is backed by Ku-ring-gaiChase National Park and the southern end by a residential area. Samplesare collected in the centre of the beach near Mackerel Beach Wharf.

The Beach Suitability Grade of Very Good indicates that microbial waterquality is considered suitable for swimming most of the time, with fewsignificant sources of faecal contamination.

The response to rainfall graph indicates that enterococci levels increasedslightly with increasing rainfall, occasionally exceeding the safe swimminglimit in response to 20 mm of rainfall or more.

The site has been monitored since 1999. Water quality has generallybeen of a very high standard, with variation in results due to rainfall.

Sanitary Inspection: Low Very Low Low Moderate HighSource: Very Low Low Moderate HighSource:


24 3855

307

0

100

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2 005 -0 6 2 00 6-07 20 07 -0 8 2 00 8- 09 20 09 -1 0

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AnimalsBoats

Bathers V e r y

L o w OnSite Systems

River Discharge

Lagoon

H i g h

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500 cfu/100mL


18/46


Sydney Harbour

Figure 28: Sampling locations and Beach Suitability Grades in Sydney Harbour


19/46


Overview of the areaDescriptionSydney Harbour is a working port but is also usedfor swimming, recreational boating, fishing and

aesthetic enjoyment.The Sydney Harbour catchment covers an area of530 square kilometres and has a population ofapproximately 1.2 million people. It includes thecentral business district of Sydney as well ascommercial districts in North Sydney, Chatswoodand Parramatta. While almost 90 per cent of thecatchment is urbanised, there are areas of NationalPark on the northern shore, including the LaneCove National Park, Garrigal National Park andSydney Harbour National Park.

Sydney Harbour has two main tributaries(Parramatta River and Lane Cove River) andincludes the waters of Port Jackson, Middle Harbourand North Harbour. Many of the creek systemsdraining to the harbours many bays have beenmodified to concrete-lined channels.

The North Harbour Aquatic Reserve extends over alarge section of North Harbour.

Management of the waterway is complex, withresponsibilities spread among the SydneyMetropolitan Catchment Authority, several State

Government agencies, numerous local councils andSydney Water Corporation.

AssessmentMicrobial water qualitySince May 2009, enterococci samples at the 25swimming locations in Sydney Harbour have beencollected every sixth day during the swimmingseason and monthly between May and September,providing approximately 40 samples each year. Thisnumber is well above NHMRCs recommended 20

samples per year. Prior to May 2009, samples werecollected approximately every sixth day throughoutthe year.

The Microbial Assessment Category for 20092010was calculated from the most recent 100 data pointsup until the end of the 20092010 swimming season(May 2008 until April 2010).

Sanitary inspectionsSanitary inspections have been completed for allswimming locations in Sydney Harbour. The

sanitary inspections will be reviewed during 2010 2011.

Beach Suitability GradesSeventeen of the 25 swimming locations in SydneyHarbour were graded as Good or Very Good duringthe 2009-2010 swimming season (Figure 28).

Very GoodTwo swimming locations were graded as VeryGood: Manly Cove in North Harbour and NielsenPark in Port Jackson.

These sites had excellent water quality (MicrobialAssessment Category A) and few potential sourcesof microbial contamination (Sanitary InspectionCategories of Low).

GoodFifteen swimming locations were graded as Good:Watsons Bay, Parsley Bay, Redleaf Pool, DawnFraser Pool, Chiswick Baths, Greenwich Baths,Hayes Street Beach, Clifton Gardens, BalmoralBaths, Edwards Beach, Chinamans Beach, ClontarfPool, Forty Basket Pool, Fairlight Beach and LittleManly Cove.

These sites had mostly good water quality(Microbial Assessment Category A or B) but hadseveral, or more significant, potential sources ofmicrobial contamination commonly urbanstormwater runoff or sewage overflows.

FairSix swimming locations were graded Fair: Rose BayBeach, Cabarita Beach, Woolwich Baths, WoodfordBay, Northbridge Baths and Gurney CrescentBaths.

These sites had generally good water quality(Microbial Assessment Category B), but had severalor more significant, potential sources of microbialcontamination, such as urban stormwater runoff,sewage overflows, sewage chokes or riverdischarge (poor-quality water flowing down fromupstream sources of pollution).

PoorTwo swimming locations were graded as Poor:Tambourine Bay in the lower Lane Cove River andDavidson Reserve in the upper reaches of MiddleHarbour.

Although microbial water quality at these sites isgenerally suitable for swimming during dry weatherconditions, elevated enterococci levels arefrequently measured following light rainfall. Thesesites also have relatively low levels of tidal flushing.


20/46


Lane Cove Council has currently closedTambourine Bay Baths. The long-term future of theswimming baths is yet to be determined by council.

Swimming at these locations should be avoidedduring and for up to three days following rainfall or if

there are signs of stormwater pollution, such asdiscoloured water or odour or floating debris.

Very Poor

No swimming locations were classified as VeryPoor.

ManagementWastewater managementThe vast majority of households in the SydneyHarbour catchment are connected to SydneyWaters reticulated sewerage system.

The North Head Sewage Treatment Plant (STP)services households on the northern side of SydneyHarbour, as well as those in the catchment west ofSilverwater. The STP discharges approximately 336million litres of high-rate primary-treated effluenteach day from a deep ocean outfall located 3.7kilometres offshore at a depth of 65 metres (EPANSW 2009).

The Bondi STP services households on thesouthern side of Sydney Harbour, east ofDrummoyne. The STP discharges approximately130 million litres of high-rate primary-treated effluenteach day from a deep ocean outfall located 2.2kilometres offshore at a depth of 63 metres (EPANSW 2009).

The Malabar STP services households on thesouthern side of Sydney Harbour, betweenSilverwater and Drummoyne. It is the largestsewage treatment plant in the southern hemisphereand discharges approximately 456 million litres ofhigh-rate primary-treated effluent each day from adeep ocean outfall located 3.6 kilometres offshoreat a depth of 82 metres (EPA NSW 2009).

The Northside Storage Tunnel was constructed in2000 and captures wet weather overflows from thefour major overflow sites at Lane Cove, QuakersHat Bay, Tunks Park and Scotts Creek. The tunnelhas reduced the frequency of sewage overflows toless than 20 in an average 10-year period. Sincethe commissioning of the tunnel, 42 billion litres ofdiluted sewage has been prevented from enteringSydney Harbour (Sydney Water 2010).

To reduce the incidence of wet weather sewageoverflows in the catchment of Hayes Street Beach,

Sydney Water has constructed a new pumpingstation and transfer tunnel.

The old, combined sewerstormwater systems inthe Sydney CBD and at Wattle Street in Ultimo havebeen separated to improve the water quality during

wet weather at Circular Quay, Darling Harbour andBlackwattle Bay. Although there are no swimminglocations in these bays, these works have reducedthe pollution load entering the harbour.

Sydney Water is inspecting, cleaning and repairingsewer mains on the northern side of Port Jacksonthat have a high likelihood of discharging sewage towaterways if they become blocked. Work is alsooccurring on the southern side of the harbour butdoes not cover the Dawn Fraser Pool and Rose Baycatchments. Where significant tree root intrusion tothe public sewer from the private sewer is identified,

property owners are requested to remedy theproblem.

Sydney Water undertakes dry weather monitoring ofmain stormwater drains to identify sewer leaks.Leaks from public sewers are repaired by SydneyWater and leaks from private sewers are referred toLocal Councils. Sydney Water is working with ManlyCouncil to trial a more intense program to reduceleakage. Under this program, all stormwater drainsdischarging to beaches on North Harbour are beinginvestigated.

Sewage pump-out facilities for boats are provided atthe Cruising Yacht Club at Darling Point, theDAlbora Marinas at Rushcutters Bay and CabaritaPoint, Gladesville Bridge Marina, Middle HarbourYacht Club and Neutral Bay Marina (NSW Maritime2009).

Stormwater management

Stormwater Management Plans have beendeveloped for the lower Parramatta River, LaneCove River, North Port Jackson and South PortJackson. The plans contain initiatives to improve thequality of stormwater entering Sydney Harbour,including stormwater education campaigns, drainstencilling, reviews of street sweeping practices,water quality monitoring programs and a range ofstructural controls. Stormwater quality improvementdevices have been installed throughout the SydneyHarbour catchment by local councils as actionsunder the plans.

Mosman Councils Botanic Road Stormwater ReuseScheme involves the installation of a stormwaterstorage and treatment system. Collected water is

UV disinfected and then used to irrigate BalmoralOval and surrounding gardens and parkland.


21/46


North Sydney Councils Stormwater Reuse Projectaims to save 90 million litres of potable water eachyear by harvesting, treating and reusing stormwaterfor the irrigation of sports fields and recreationalparks. The St Leonards Park, Cammeray Park,Forsyth and Primrose Park stages have already

been completed.

Manly Council received a $28,000 grant from theFederal Government for stormwater storage,treatment and re-use at Seaforth Oval. Stormwaterfrom the car park and buildings areas will becollected and used to irrigate the sporting field.

Woollahra Councils Environmental andInfrastructure Levy funds a number of projectsaimed at restoring aging infrastructure andprotecting the local environment. Projects includeupgrading infrastructure and gross pollutant traps;

installing flow diversion structures to reducesediment loads; bio-retention systems to removecontaminants from stormwater; and porous pavinginfiltration systems.

Sydney Water maintains stormwater qualityimprovement devices on stormwater systemsdraining to Rushcutters Bay, Double Bay and RoseBay, and it also maintains a stormwater treatmentwetland within Woollahra Golf Course on thechannel draining to Rose Bay. Sydney Water also

maintains stormwater quality improvement devicesat Dobroyd Canal, Hawthorne Canal, Whites Creek,Johnstons Creek, Haslams Creek, St Lukes Parkand Powells Creek, though these stormwatersystems do not discharge near recognisedswimming sites.


22/46


Watsons Bay Beach Suitability Grade: Good The swimming site is a 20 by 40 metre enclosed tidal swimming arealocated adjacent to the Vaucluse Yacht Club. The baths are backed by anarrow sandy beach and parklands with picnic facilities.

The Beach Suitability Grade of Good indicates that microbial water qualityis suitable for swimming most of the time but the water may besusceptible to pollution from several potential sources of faecalcontamination, including stormwater.


The site has been monitored since 1994. Microbial water quality hasgenerally improved since 200001 owing to licensing of discharges fromthe sewerage system and improved management of stormwater.

Sanitary Inspection: ModerateVery Low Low Moderate HighSource: Very Low Low Moderate HighSource:

Microbial Assessment: AMonitoring period for 200910 result is May 2008 to April 2010.

7550

80 90

26

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E n

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Sewa e Overflows

V e r y

L o w Bathers

Toilet Facilities

Stormwater

H i g h

M o

d e r a

t e

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River Discharge

Boats

0%

20%

40%

60%

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- 9 1

9 1

- 9 2

9 2

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9 3

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9 4

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9 6

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9 7

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9 8

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- 0 2

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% E

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i s a m p

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500 cfu/100mL


23/46


Parsley Bay Beach Suitability Grade: Good The southern end of Parsley Bay is netted to provide a large and safeswimming area. The sandy beach is backed by Parsley Bay Reserve,which contains picnic facilities and a playground.

The Beach Suitability Grade of Good indicates that microbial water qualityis suitable for swimming most of the time but the water may besusceptible to pollution from several potential sources of faecalcontamination, including stormwater.





140

90120 135

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Boats

V e r y

L o w Bathers

Toilet Facilities

Sewer Chokes

H i g h

M o

d e r a

t e

L o w

Stormwater

River Discharge

0%

20%

40%

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9 0

- 9 1

9 1

- 9 2

9 2

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9 3

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9 4

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24/46


25/46


Rose Bay Beach Beach Suitability Grade: Fair Rose Bay Beach is approximately 500 metres long and the swimmingarea is not netted. The bay is popular for recreational boating, and asailing school and sailboat hire company operate in the area. A park withpicnic and playground facilities is located adjacent to the beach.

The Beach Suitability Grade of Fair indicates that microbial water qualityis occasionally susceptible to faecal pollution, usually triggered by rainfall,with potential faecal contamination from stormwater.



Sanitary Inspection: HighVery Low Low Moderate HighSource: Very Low Low Moderate HighSource:


110155 155 170

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Animals

V e r y

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Sewage Overflows

Sewer Chokes

H i g h

M o

d e r a

t e

L o w

Stormwater

River Discharge

Boats

0%

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9 0

- 9 1

9 1

- 9 2

9 2

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26/46


Redleaf Pool Beach Suitability Grade: Good Redleaf Pool is a netted swimming enclosure located in Double Bay, atthe end of Seven Shillings Beach. The pool is bordered on three sides bya narrow sun deck and is backed by a park and Woollahra Council office.

The Beach Suitability Grade of Good indicates that microbial water qualityis suitable for swimming for most of the time but the water may besusceptible to pollution from several potential sources of faecalcontamination, including stormwater.





200175

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V e r y

L o w Bathers

Toilet Facilities

Sewage Overflows

H i g h

M o

d e r a

t e

L o w

Sewer Chokes

Stormwater

River Discharge

Boats

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

9 0

- 9 1

9 1

- 9 2

9 2

- 9 3

9 3

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9 4

- 9 5

9 5

- 9 6

9 6

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9 7

- 9 8

9 8

- 9 9

9 9

- 0 0

0 0

- 0 1

0 1

- 0 2

0 2

- 0 3

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0 4

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500 cfu/100mL


27/46


Dawn Fraser Pool Beach Suitability Grade: Good Dawn Fraser Pool in Balmain is the oldest pool and swimming club inAustralia and is listed on the NSW State Heritage Register. Boardwalksand a pavilion surround the enclosed tidal swimming area. The pool isopen between October and April each year.


The response to rainfall graph indicates that enterococci levels increasewith increasing rainfall, often exceeding the safe swimming limit inresponse to 5 mm of rainfall or more.



Microbial Assessment: BMonitoring period for 200910 result is May 2008 to April 2010.

105 125

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Response to rainfallRainfall from Lilyfield rain gauge

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Boats

Sewa e Overflows

V e r y

L o w Bathers

Toilet Facilities

Sewer Chokes

H i g h

M o

d e r a

t e

L o w

Stormwater

River Discharge

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

9 0

- 9 1

9 1

- 9 2

9 2

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9 3

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9 4

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9 5

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9 6

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9 7

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9 8

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9 9

- 0 0

0 0

- 0 1

0 1

- 0 2

0 2

- 0 3

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% E

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i s a m p

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500 cfu/100mL


28/46


Chiswick Baths Beach Suitability Grade: Good Chiswick Baths are located in Five Dock Bay. The swimming enclosure isnetted and is backed by a narrow sandy beach and a park with picnic andbarbeque facilities.


The response to rainfall graph indicates that enterococci level increasewith increasing rainfall, often exceeding the safe swimming limit inresponse to 10 mm of rainfall or more.




9570

210

11070

0

100

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Response to rainfallRainfall from Gladesville rain gauge

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Bathers V e r y


Sewage Overflows

Sewer Chokes

H i g h

M o

d e r a

t e

L o w

River Discharge

Boats

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

9 0

- 9 1

9 1

- 9 2

9 2

- 9 3

9 3

- 9 4

9 4

- 9 5

9 5

- 9 6

9 6

- 9 7

9 7

- 9 8

9 8

- 9 9

9 9

- 0 0

0 0

- 0 1

0 1

- 0 2

0 2

- 0 3

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- 0 4

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- 0 5

0 5

- 0 6

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- 0 9

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% E

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i s a m p

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500 cfu/100mL


29/46


Cabarita Beach Beach Suitability Grade: Fair Cabarita Beach is located at the end of Cabarita Point. The beach is 120metres long and is backed by parklands with picnic and barbequefacilities and a playground.

The Beach Suitability Grade of Fair indicates that microbial water qualityis occasionally susceptible to faecal pollution, usually triggered by rainfall,with potential faecal contamination from river discharge, sewer chokesand sewage overflows.



Sanitary Inspection: High Very Low Low Moderate HighSource: Very Low Low Moderate HighSource:


9575

200

120 115

0

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^

Boats

Bathers V e r y


Sewage Overflows

Sewer Chokes

H i g h

M o

d e r a

t e

L o w

River Discharge

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

9 0

- 9 1

9 1

- 9 2

9 2

- 9 3

9 3

- 9 4

9 4

- 9 5

9 5

- 9 6

9 6

- 9 7

9 7

- 9 8

9 8

- 9 9

9 9

- 0 0

0 0

- 0 1

0 1

- 0 2

0 2

- 0 3

0 3

- 0 4

0 4

- 0 5

0 5

- 0 6

0 6

- 0 7

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- 0 8

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- 0 9

0 9

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% E

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i s a m p

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500 cfu/100mL


30/46


Woolwich Baths Beach Suitability Grade: Fair Woolwich Baths are a 20 by 30 metre netted swimming area located inthe lower Lane Cove River. The baths are backed by a narrow sandybeach and are adjacent to a reserve.

The Beach Suitability Grade of Fair indicates that microbial water qualityis occasionally susceptible to faecal pollution, usually triggered by rainfall,with potential faecal contamination from river discharge, stormwater andsewage overflows in the Lane Cove River catchment.

The response to rainfall graph indicates that enterococci levels increasedwith increasing rainfall, frequently exceeding the safe swimming limit inresponse to 10 mm of rainfall or more.




100125

300

190

105

0

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0 0.14.9 59.9 1019.9 20+


E n

t e r o c o c c i

( c f u / 1 0 0 m L )


^

Boats

Bathers V e r y


Sewage Overflows

Sewer Chokes

H i g h

M o

d e r a

t e

L o w

Stormwater

River Discharge

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

9 0

- 9 1

9 1

- 9 2

9 2

- 9 3

9 3

- 9 4

9 4

- 9 5

9 5

- 9 6

9 6

- 9 7

9 7

- 9 8

9 8

- 9 9

9 9

- 0 0

0 0

- 0 1

0 1

- 0 2

0 2

- 0 3

0 3

- 0 4

0 4

- 0 5

0 5

- 0 6

0 6

- 0 7

0 7

- 0 8

0 8

- 0 9

0 9

- 1 0

% E

n t e r o c o c c

i s a m p

l e s

500 cfu/100mL


31/46


Tambourine Bay Beach Suitability Grade: Poor The pool is located at the end of Tambourine Bay in the lower Lane CoveRiver. It is backed by parklands with picnic and barbeque facilities and aplayground.

The Beach Suitability Grade of Poor indicates that microbial water qualityis influenced by faecal pollution, usually triggered by rainfall, with potentialfaecal contamination from river discharge, stormwater, sewer chokes andsewage overflows.

The response to rainfall graph indicates that enterococci levels increasedwith increasing rainfall, usually exceeding the safe swimming limit inresponse to 5 mm of rainfall or more.



Microbial Assessment: C Monitoring period for 200910 result is May 2008 to April 2010.

155 150

360320

220

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

2 005 -0 6 2 00 6-07 20 07 -0 8 2 00 8- 09 20 09 -1 0

9 5 t h % i l e

E n


/ 1 0 0 m

L

A

B

C

D

M i c r o


t

C a

t e g o r y


1

10

100

1000

10000

0 0.14.9 59.9 1019.9 20+


E n

t e r o c o c c i

( c f u / 1 0 0 m L )


^

AnimalsBoats

Bathers V e r y


Sewage Overflows

Sewer Chokes

H i g h

M o

d e r a

t e

L o w

Stormwater

River Discharge

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100

10816bwar10ch4pittwatersydneyharbour

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