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Copyright 2002 Comverse

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Inspire

-Creat

e-Exp

ress

TRM

Advanced CourseProcesses

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Lesson Objectives

By the end of this lesson the student should: Be familiar with Unix and TRM processes

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Topics

Unix Processes

TRM Application Architecture

DNET and dvtnet

TRM Processes

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Processes

A process is a running program, with an executable file Process resources and characteristics:

PID - Process ID, unique for each process

Memory, virtual and physical

PPID - Parent process IP

PRI - priority, NI - nice value Run state

UID, GID - user and group IDs

Open files (stdin, stdout, stderr and more)

Chain processes main characteristics: Inherited environment from parent process

Same input and output as parent process, unless redirected

Same umask as parent process

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Unix Processes

init - Process control initialization Initializes the system by creating and controlling processes

as a last step in the boot process after the root file system ismounted

Processes started by init, at each run level, are defined in

the inittab file

Init scans the inittab file and looks for an entry with theinitdefault keyword

If the entry is there, init uses the run level specified in that entryas the initial run level to enter

If the entry is not found in the inittab file or if the inittab filedoes not exist, init requests that the user will enter a run levelfrom the system console, /dev/console

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Unix Processes - 2

vold - Logical Storage Manager configuration daemon Responsible for maintaining configurations of disks and

disk groups in the LSM

Takes requests from other utilities for configurationchanges and communicates those changes to the kernel

Modifies configuration information stored on disk

Responsible for initializing the LSM when the system isbooted

update - Periodically updates the superblock Executes a sync system call every 30 seconds

This ensures the file system is up-to-date in the event of a

system crash

syslogd - Logs system messages

binlogd - Binary event-log daemon,

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Unix Processes - 3

ypserv, ypbind - Network Information Service (NIS)database lookup server, (NIS) binder processes Ypserv daemon runs only on an NIS server machine with a

complete NIS database

Ypbind daemon runs on all machines using NIS, both NISservers and clients

mountd - Services remote NFS compatible mountrequests The mountd daemon is the server for NFS protocol mount

requests from clients

rpc.statd - Network status monitor daemon

rpc.lockd - Network lock daemon

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Unix Processes - 4

nfsd - The remote NFS compatible server The nfsd daemon runs on a server machine to service NFS

requests from client machines

At least one server thread must be running for a machine tooperate as a server

nfsiod -The local NFS compatible asynchronous I/O daemon

The nfsiod daemon runs on an NFS compatible clientmachine and spawns several IO threads to serviceasynchronous I/O requests to its server

The I/O threads improve performance of both NFS reads andwrites

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Unix Processes - 5

xntpd - Network Time Protocol (NTP) daemon snmpd - Simple Network Management Protocol

(SNMP) agent daemon

inetd - Internet super-server

It listens for connections on certain Internet sockets

When a connection is found on one of its sockets, itdecides what service the socket corresponds to, andinvokes a program to service the request

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Unix Processes - 6

cron - The system clock daemon Runs shell commands at specified dates and times

Commands that are to run according to a regular orperiodic schedule are found within the crontab files

Commands that are to run once only are found within theat files

Executes a sync system call (approximately once aminute) to ensure that all information in memory thatshould be on disk (buffered output) is written out

These periodic updates minimize the possibility of filesystem damage in the event of a crash

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Unix Processes - 7

volwatch - Monitor the LSM for failure events Monitors the LSM, waiting for exception events to occur

It then sends mail via mailx(1) to the login(s) specified onthe command line, or to the default user of root

The volwatch script will call the volnotify command whichwaits for events to occur

volnotify - Display LSM configuration events

Displays events related to disk and configuration changes,as managed by the LSM configuration daemon, vold

getty - Sets the terminal type, modes, speed, and linediscipline

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Unix Processes - 8

telnetd - The DARPA telnet protocol server telnetd daemon is a server that supports the DARPA

(Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency)standard telnet virtual terminal protocol

telnetd is invoked by the Internet server normally forrequests to connect to the telnet port as indicated bythe /etc/services file

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TRM Application Architecture

trm_supervisor

trm_monitor

trm_xxx

Unix init process

trm_yyy trm_zzz

trm_mon_intr

...

Respawning

Quick/Full restarts

Processes restart

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TRM Application Architecture2nd Part

StandBy TRMActive TRM

Unix Kernel

Supervisor

Dnet

TRM Monitor

TRM Processes

Unix Kernel

Supervisor

TRM Monitor

Dnet

TRM processes

ADR CEL DMP

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DNET and dvtnet

Messages are used for inter-processescommunication

A message is a data-object that can be transferred betweenthe TRM processes using sockets and Message-Queues

Messages in 3LOG correspond to TIMP regulations, and are

being delivered via the DNET (Digital NETwork) protocol Two categories of messages: requests to the DVTNET itself

and messages to be sent by the DVTNET elsewhere

DNET - Inter/Intra TRM communication protocol

Layered over TCP/IP, UDP/IP and UNIX domain sockets

dvtnet - Inter processes and networkcommunications process

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dvtnetInter Units Communication

Using DNET protocol, dvtnet performs all inter-TRM-process

communication and also connects TRM with MMUs, MSUs, and CCS

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TRM Processes

TRM processes are event machines reacting to DNETmessages

All processes associated with monitoring also restart themonitored processes in case of failure

trm_supervisor - Activated and monitored by the initprocess via /etc/inittab file

trm_monitor - Activated and monitored by thetrm_supervisor process, is responsible for:

Starting, stopping and monitoring all other TRM processes (if a

process fails, trm_monitor starts it again)

Loading the TRM Data Base (DB) tables into memory

Sending the TRM status message to Alarm Processor

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TRM Processes - 2

Handling the activation of a change-over operation and thesystems shut down

The first process trm_monitor activates is dvtnet, whichallows inter-process communication

After dvtnet, all other processes are activated

trm_celCentral Event Logger process Receives messages from other processes and writes them

to the Central Event Logger

Maintains the cel_cel DB table in which records are added ina cyclic manner

based on the system-parameters: CEL_MAX_RECORDS,CEL_MIN_RECORDS

trm_dmqDistribution Queue process

Responsible to manage the OMTC distribution queue

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TRM Processes - 3

trm_dmp - Writes TIMP messages to DMP logger Used to log each message handled by the DNET exchange

Though a classic TRM process, it receives its logging messagesvia a separate message-queue

That's why trm_dmp is a multi-threaded process

trm_adr - Address Resolution process Supplies the Address Resolution (ADR) service for MMU/MSU and

Global ADR for requests over DIN by performing hashed searchesover the memory-resident table

Other TRM processes access the ADR table directly

One of three keys can be used to request subscriber records:

Subscriber ID, Main phone number, or Fax ID ADR answer contains the MSU ID where the subscriber is defined

as well as other profile information such as subscribers servicelevel, access rights, language ID, and password

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ADR Data Synchronization in RTRM

trm_asd - ADR Standby Data process

Enables the Stand-by TRM to update its internal ADR table with the

information generated whenever administrative activities are performed in

the Active TRM, by using the adr_standby_data table; runs on the standby

TRM only

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TRM Processes - 4

trm_aux - Auxiliary Profile Update process Updates user profiles in TRM when changed by the user

through the handset

trm_rsmSends disks and TRM resources status to IAP

trm_isl - INfinity Status Logger process

Receives status messages from units and updates theappropriate memory and database tables

Notifies relevant processes that a unit started up

Synchronizes the clocks of the network components withthe TRM clock

Collects unit error log - by request

trm_vrf - Verify Database Integrity process

Verifies database integrity between the TRM and the MSU

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TRM Processes - 6

trm_hstpl (trm_hstpll)Used for old hstpp versions (for sockets control)

trm_hcq - Host Commands Queue process

Saves HST commands when MSU is inactive

trm_dxfData XFer process

Transfers, via DNET messages, the call logging data intotemporary files (either HOST or CL files)

trm_clgCall Logging process

Loads temporary files into database

trm_talActivity Logue process Collects the activity log records from the MSU

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TRM Processes - 7

trm_rep - Reports process Collects BSUR, DBUR, LUR usage reports data

trm_sch - Responsible for scheduled activities

trm_bkpused for Day Light Saving procedures

Used in the past for backup and restore of MSU data

trm_lxfTransfers loggers and error log files from theMMUs and MSUs into RMS files in the TRM

trm_s12Automatic upgrade process

Must not be running when no upgrades scheduled

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TRM Processes - 8

trm_mpa - Multi Pager Application process When more than one vendor is supported at a site, or there

is a need for Short Message load sharing, more than oneprocess can be run simultaneously

trm_sms - SMSC Process

Sends notification messages received from the MSU to aShort Messages Service Center (SMSC) machine and directsreachability messages from the SMSC to the MSU

If links to the SMSC are down, it saves the messages in a

queue, and re-sends them when the links are up trm_ism - Sends notification messages received from

MSU to SMSC machine and runs iSMSC SW package

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TRM Processes - 9

trm_cmcCommon Message Center process trm_rtspager - Paging Network Gateway process

Sends notification messages received from MSU to aPaging Network Gateway (PNG) machine

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TRM Processes - Starting and Stopping

Manually starting/stopping TRM processes: OM Process Control screenbuilt-in time out engine

trm_mon_intrCommand line process control

kill command

Most of TRM processes are started without a specifiedprocess ID

some processes that require an ID in order to run properly

trm_srl

trm_sms

trm_ism (in case of multiple notification processes)

trm_dxf

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For more information please contact:

TAC TRM Team