J-SRI Research Group

YAMAJI Eiji

Dewi Sri

2

History of J-SRI

2007 January Unofficial establishment, decided the name April 1 Official establishment July 2 Lecture of Prof. Uphoff at Tokyo University2008 Dec. 1 Lecture of Mr. Iwasawa Meetings 6 times2009 Field visit 1 time Meetings 5 times2010 Meetings 4 times plus…..

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Members of J-SRI

Advisors Norman Uphoff & Horie TakeshiChairman Yamaji EijiChief Secretary Mizoguchi Masaru Secretaries Sato Shuichi Araki Tetsuya Abe Jun Yokoyama Shigeki Kimura Sonoko Dorothea Noborio Kosuke Tanaka AtsukoInspector s Kobayashi Kazuhiko Iida Toshiaki

Members 2+10+152+16 =180 (as of Oct. 31, 2010)

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Subject Interests of J-SRI Members

Land Consolidation Yamaji EijiSoil Physics Mizoguchi Masaru Project Management Sato ShuichiFieldwork Araki TetsuyaRoot Growth Abe JunNutrition Toriyama KazunobuSocial Network Yokoyama ShigekiGHG Emissions Kimura Sonoko Dorothea Noborio Kosuke Iida Toshiaki Modeling Kobayashi Kazuhiko Tanaka Atsuko

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J-SRI Activities

Studies of SRI technology

Surveys of SRI in Indonesia, Lao, Cambodia, Viet Nam, Philippines, India, and Kenya

Experiments in Indonesia and Japan

Measurements of CH4 and N2O

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SRI in Japan

Researchers TUAT Field research 2007, 2008 UT Field research 2008, 2009, Lysimeter 2010 Meiji University Lysimeter 2010 JIRCAS Field research 2010

Farmers Mr. Ogawa, Aichi prefecture 2009 Mr. Iwasawa and team 2010

Non-farmers NPO Hotaruno, Chiba prefecture 2010

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Some Findings of J-SRI

Conditions of yield increase Mechanisms of yield increaseReducing GHG emissionsHow many plants for transplantFarmers’ acceptance

Spread of SRI … just started

Country SRI (non-SRI) Country SRI (non-SRI)

Bangladesh 6.3 (4.9) Madagascar 7.2 (2.6)

Cambodia 4.8 (2.7) Myanmar 5.4 (2.0)

China 12.4 (10.9) Nepal 8.5 (4.2)

Cuba 7.4 (4.3) Philippines 6.0 (3.0)

India 8.0 (4.0) Sierra Leone 5.3 (2.5)

Indonesia 7.4 (5.0) Sri Lanka 7.8 (3.6)

Sato Shuichi(2006), units = tons of unhusked rice

Reported Yield Increases

Stoop, Uphoff et al. (2002)

Researchers positive

Rafaralahy(2002)

NGO

Madagascar case 15 ~ 20 ton/ha

Ceesay et al.(2006)Experiment in Gambia

Sato(2006)

Consultant

Much experience in Indonesia

Focus on roots

Sheehy et al.(2004)Negative

forirrigation method

Dobermann(2003)Negative

Using yield modeland China experiment

Horie et al.(2005)

PossibleBased on

Japanese experience

Positive/Negative Papers

Originated by Shimizu Keisuke (2008)

Papers Country FieldSRI yield

(t/ha)SRI

increase

Tsujimoto et al.3) Madagascar F 8.9 5.1

Satyaranayana et al.4) India F 8.7 2.5

Thakur et al.5) India ES 6.3 1.8

Sinha and Talati6) India F 5.8 1.7

Mishra and Salokhe7) Thailand ES 6.3 1.1

Zhao et al.8) China ES 7.3 0.9

Chapagain and Yamaji9) Japan ES 7.4 0.0

Sheehy et al.10) China ES 7.2 0.0

Islam et al.11) Bangladesh ES 5.6 -0.2

Stoop1) China ES 3.7 -0.3

Latif et al.12) Bangladesh ES 5.4 -0.7

SRI yield from another view (Wakimoto)

One point is not enough

SRI SRI conventional

6.20 7.52 4.30

7.53 7.82 5.42

Sulawesi

4 5 6 7 8 9 t/ha

More detailed measurement

5m x 5m size, 20 plots

Lombok Test site

0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

D1 D2 D4 S1 S2 S4 T1 T2 T4 N1 N2 N4 C1 C2 C4

t/haIntermittent Irrigation Continuous Irrigation

Direct Seeding 7 days 21 days 7 days 21 days

Yield, 2007/2008 Rainy SeasonPlots 5m by 2.5m

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Kashiwa Field

Conv. Organic

SRI Chemical

Conv. Chemical

SRI Organic Channel

Tsukuba eXpress

May 18 – October 3, 2009

Chamber

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Snapshots: SRI vs Conventional Management

Sample Plants: SRI Sample Plants: Conventional Panicles: SRI vs Conventional

Intermittent vs Flooded Plot Intermittent Plot (60 DAT) Flooded Plot (60 DAT)

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Observations: Yield Parameters

Yield and yield attributing traits as affected by treatments during 2009 rice season

Treatments

Days to Flowerin

g

Days to Maturity

Grain Yield (t/h)

Straw Yield (t/h)

Harvest Index (%)

Plant Lodging %

Organic SRI

76 (84) 120 (128)

6.6 4.8 57.8 0

Organic Non-SRI

72 (94) 114 (136)

6.5 6.4 50.2 0

Chemical SRI

76 (84) 120 (128)

5.9 5.0 54.2 20

Chemical Non-SRI

72 (94) 114 (136)

6.8 6.6 50.9 90

One/Hill ET: 11.8 6.2 5.9 51.3 60

Two/Hill ET: 17.2 7.1 7.0 50.2 60

Three/Hill ET: 16 5.9 6.5 47.3 90

Hexagonal ET: 22 7.1 5.2 57.8 20

Measurement MethodMeasurement Method

1 m

30cm

30cm

OutletOutlet

Pressure bagPressure bag

fanfan

ThermometerThermometer

handlehandle

50 mL Syringe50 mL Syringe

Tedler bagTedler bag

Closed Chamber method

Methane： GC-FID(Shimazu　 GC-14A)

Nitrous Oxide： GC-ECD　　　　　　　（ Shimazu

GC-2014）

1～ 3 times/ week

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Gas Flux Measured

メタンフラックス

- 10

- 5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

2009/5/17 2009/7/6 2009/8/25 2009/10/14

(mg

CH

4 m

-2 h

-1)

S RI 有機肥料

S RI 化学肥料

慣行農法　有機肥料

慣行農法 化学肥料

Unit Gas FluxMethane Flux

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日本の水田でのメタン放出量（CO 2放出量に換算）

0

1 0 0

2 0 0

3 0 0

4 0 0

5 0 0

S RI/ 有機 S RI/ 化学 慣行/有機 慣行/化学

（gCO

2/m

2）

Methane Flux in Kashiwa

SRI Org. SRI Chem. Conv. Org. Conv. Chem

Methane Flux CO2 equivalent

2424

Nitrous Oxide Flux in Kashiwa

日本の水田での亜酸化窒素放出量（CO 2放出量に換算）

- 4 0- 3 0- 2 0- 1 001 02 03 0

S RI/有機 S RI/化学 慣行/有機 慣行/化学

（gCO2/m

2）

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Nitrous Oxide Flux CO2 equivalent

SRI Org. SRI Chem. Conv. Org. Conv. Chem

25

日本の水田でのメタン、亜酸化窒素放出量（CO 2放出量に換算）

0

1 0 0

2 0 0

3 0 0

4 0 0

5 0 0

S RI/有機 S RI/化学 慣行/有機 慣行/化学

（gCO

2/m

2）

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NH4 and N2O Flux

SRI Org. SRI Chem. Conv. Org. Conv. Chem

Flux of Methane and Nitrous Oxide Flux: CO2 equivalent

Website: J－ SRI study grouphttp://www.iai.ga.a.u-tokyo.ac.jp/j-sri/

In Japan, too much rice presently produced So why J-SRI

Becoming important in many countries

1. Improve and apply Japanese technologies2. Rice for other uses than eating

SRI in future

Terima kasih