10312014

1

Steps to load amp fire a musket

bull Pull to half-cocked

bull Handle cartridge

Soldiers on both sides used flintlock muskets bull Prime w powder

bull About

bull Draw ramrod

bull Ram down the cartridge

bull Present

bull Fire

Vermont Militia

First Continental Navy Flag

Sons of Liberty

John Paul Jones Serapisrsquo Flag

George Washingtonrsquos HQ Flag

April 19 1775

American victory

Battles are the start of the Revolution

10312014

2

Seize the Hudson

River Valley

Cut off New

England from

other colonies

Hope was to keep

fighting

centralized

Saratoga ended

this strategy

Gen Horatio Gates leads

patriot victory

Most of Europe believed

Americans can win

French form alliance in 1778

Spain declared war on

Britain the next year

Turning point of the Revolution

Washington marched his army to Valley Forge (southeast Penn)

Takes place 1 year after

Trenton and Princeton Army was short of supplies

Some soldiers deserted

Valley Forge became an example of great

hardship endured during the War

ldquoThe unfortunate soldiers were in want of everything they had neither coats nor hats nor shirts their feet and their legs froze till

they grew black and it was often necessary to amputate themhellipThe Army frequently passed whole days without foodrdquo - Marquis de Lafayette

War at Sea bull Continental Navy was VERY SMALL

ndash Major flaw in the Revolutionary cause

bull Private ships asked to attack British merchant ships

ndash Privateers took profit from British

bull John Paul Jones

ndash Commander of the USS Bonhomme Richard

ndash Captured the HMS Serapis

ndash Had great success against the powerful British navy

Britain in the South bull Britain saw it would be

difficult to unite the American colonies back into the British empire

bull Took over Charleston SC

bull Worst loss of manpower and munitions of war for Americans

bull Led to British control of South and where the British concentrated their efforts

bull Largest population of Loyalists

bull General Cornwallis stayed amp had victory Camden SC

10312014

3

Patriot Strategy

bull Guerrilla Warfare

ndash Hiding in the brush

ndash Hit amp run technique

ndash Caught British off guard

bull Francis Marion

ndash Most successful guerrilla leader

ndash Known as ldquoSwamp Foxrdquo

bull Cornwallis sets up camp at Yorktown

bull Washington sends Lafayette south to Yorktown amp plans a complex attack of Yorktown

ndash Originally was to attack New York

ndash Britain was expecting attacks New York

bull Washington learns of French navy heading to Chesapeake Bay

bull 3 groups headed to Virginia ndash Lafayettersquos troops

ndash Washington amp a French army led by Comte de Rochambeau

ndash French fleet under de Grasse

Yorktown (continued)

bull British officers were unaware of the American

strategy ndash 14000 AmericanFrench

ndash 7500 BritishHessians trapped

ndash French naval fleet blockaded the bay

bull October 9 1781 ndash AmericanFrench bombarded Yorktown for 10 days

bull October 19 1781

ndash British surrendered

bull Patriots claimed

victory Yorktown

bull Britain soon thought

war was too costly to

continue

bull British began talking

secretly with Ben

Franklin to end the

war

Treaty of Paris (1783) bull Congress creates a preliminary treaty

bull Main Terms

ndash Britain recognize US as independent nation

ndash US extends to Mississippi River in the westhellipCanada in northSpanish FL in south

ndash British withdraw all troops and open coast of Canada

ndash British merchants can collect US debts

ndash Loyalists properties that were taken would be returned

10312014

3

Patriot Strategy

bull Guerrilla Warfare

ndash Hiding in the brush

ndash Hit amp run technique

ndash Caught British off guard

bull Francis Marion

ndash Most successful guerrilla leader

ndash Known as ldquoSwamp Foxrdquo

bull Cornwallis sets up camp at Yorktown

bull Washington sends Lafayette south to Yorktown amp plans a complex attack of Yorktown

ndash Originally was to attack New York

ndash Britain was expecting attacks New York

bull Washington learns of French navy heading to Chesapeake Bay

bull 3 groups headed to Virginia ndash Lafayettersquos troops

ndash Washington amp a French army led by Comte de Rochambeau

ndash French fleet under de Grasse

Yorktown (continued)

bull British officers were unaware of the American

strategy ndash 14000 AmericanFrench

ndash 7500 BritishHessians trapped

ndash French naval fleet blockaded the bay

bull October 9 1781 ndash AmericanFrench bombarded Yorktown for 10 days

bull October 19 1781

ndash British surrendered

bull Patriots claimed

victory Yorktown

bull Britain soon thought

war was too costly to

continue

bull British began talking

secretly with Ben

Franklin to end the

war

Treaty of Paris (1783) bull Congress creates a preliminary treaty

bull Main Terms

ndash Britain recognize US as independent nation

ndash US extends to Mississippi River in the westhellipCanada in northSpanish FL in south

ndash British withdraw all troops and open coast of Canada

ndash British merchants can collect US debts

ndash Loyalists properties that were taken would be returned