1.03 PP1 Healthcare Agencies

1.03 PP11.03 PP1Healthcare AgenciesHealthcare Agencies

1.03 Understand healthcare agencies, 1.03 Understand healthcare agencies, finances, and trendsfinances, and trends

Public Healthcare Public Healthcare SystemsSystems

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Public Healthcare SystemsPublic Healthcare Systems

AKA: National Healthcare PlanAKA: National Healthcare Plan– Provide healthcare to all citizensProvide healthcare to all citizens

Often seen in other countriesOften seen in other countries– CanadaCanada– EuropeEurope

No cost to the patientNo cost to the patient

Residents pay high taxesResidents pay high taxes

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Private Healthcare Private Healthcare SystemsSystems

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Private Healthcare Private Healthcare SystemsSystems

Individuals purchase a health insurance Individuals purchase a health insurance plan and/or pay out-of-pocket. plan and/or pay out-of-pocket.

Predominate system in the United StatesPredominate system in the United States

Systems in the United States are a Systems in the United States are a combination of public and private funding.combination of public and private funding.

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Healthcare AgenciesHealthcare Agencies

government

non-profit

for-profitinternational

national

state

local

in-patient

out-patient

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Government Healthcare Government Healthcare AgenciesAgencies

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NIHCDC

FDA

AHCPR/AHRP

OSHA


GHAGHA InternationalInternational

WWorld orld HHealth ealth OOrganization (WHO)rganization (WHO)founded in 1948founded in 1948assess health trendsassess health trendscompile statistics related to diseasecompile statistics related to diseaseinvestigate health problems worldwideinvestigate health problems worldwidepublish health informationpublish health information

http://www.who.int/en/

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GHAGHA NationalNational

UU. . SS. . DDepartment of epartment of HHealth and ealth and HHuman uman SServices ervices (USDHHS)(USDHHS)

– investigate health problems in the United investigate health problems in the United StatesStates

– prevent disease by immunizationsprevent disease by immunizations

– provide comprehensive health services provide comprehensive health services

– publish health informationpublish health information

– compile statistics related to diseasecompile statistics related to disease

http://www.hhs.gov/

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NNational ational IInstitutes of nstitutes of HHealth ealth (NIH)(NIH)

World’s leading research organizationWorld’s leading research organization– Research includesResearch includes

AIDSAIDS cancercancerAlzheimer’s Alzheimer’s diabetesdiabetesarthritisarthritis heart diseaseheart disease

http://www.nih.gov/

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GHA National


CCenters for enters for DDisease isease CControl and Prevention ontrol and Prevention (CDC)(CDC)

disease controldisease controldisease preventiondisease prevention

http://www.cdc.gov/1111

GHAGHA NationalNational - -


GHAGHA NationalNational - - (USDHHS)(USDHHS)

FFood and ood and DDrug rug AAdministrationdministration ((FDAFDA))

- regulates safety of food and cosmetics - regulates safety of food and cosmetics

- regulates safety and efficacy of drugs, biological - regulates safety and efficacy of drugs, biological

products and medical devicesproducts and medical devices

http://www.fda.gov/

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GHA National - (USDHHSGHA National - (USDHHS))

AAgency for gency for HHealthcare ealthcare RResearch and esearch and QQuality uality (AHRQ)(AHRQ)

Formerly called: Agency for Healthcare Formerly called: Agency for Healthcare Policy and Research (AHCPR)Policy and Research (AHCPR)

investigate quality of healthcare deliveryinvestigate quality of healthcare delivery

establish standards for healthcare establish standards for healthcare treatment treatment


http://www.ahrq.gov/


GHAGHA NationalNational

OOccupational ccupational SSafety and afety and HHealth ealth AAdministrationdministration (OSHA)(OSHA)

Division of the US Department of LaborDivision of the US Department of Labor

- create job safety standards- create job safety standards

- implement job safety standards- implement job safety standards

ABC

http://www.osha.gov/1414


OSHAOSHA

OSHA standards specific to healthcare include:OSHA standards specific to healthcare include:- personal protective equipment- personal protective equipment

- blood borne pathogens- blood borne pathogens

- hazard communication- hazard communication

- ergonomics- ergonomics

http://www.osha.gov/

ABC

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Government Healthcare Government Healthcare AgenciesAgencies - - StateState - -

(USDHHS)(USDHHS)

NN. . CC.. DDepartment of HHealth and HHuman SServices(NCDHHS)

Functions to provide many services:Adoption MedicaidDeaf/blind services Mental health servicesEmergency services Pregnancy servicesFood and nutrition services Senior centersIn-Homes Aides Vital records

http://www.dhhs.state.nc.us/index.htm

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GHAGHA StateState - (USDHHS)- (USDHHS)

NN. . CC.. DDepartment of HHealth and HHuman SServices - (NCDHHS)

Functions to provide information:– Disease and health information Safety– End of life issues Teen issues– Environmental health Wellness– Minority health

www.dhhs.state.nc.us/index.htm

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GHAGHA LocalLocal - - ((USDHHSUSDHHS,, NCDHHS NCDHHS))

County Health Department

Services provided:Communicable disease control Laboratory services

Health inspections Oral healthImmunizations Woman and child health

Provides information Health education

Statistics related to health, birth and death

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Private Healthcare AgenciesPrivate Healthcare Agencies



Private Healthcare AgenciesPrivate Healthcare AgenciesNon-ProfitNon-Profit

Supported by Supported by – donations donations – fees fees – fundraisers fundraisers – grantsgrants

Usual focus:Usual focus:– one disease or conditionone disease or condition– related group of disordersrelated group of disorders

ExamplesExamples

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Private Healthcare AgenciesPrivate Healthcare AgenciesNon-ProfitNon-Profit

Participate in:Participate in:

research

serviceseducati

on2121

Day 2Day 2

HCA HCA


Private Healthcare AgenciesPrivate Healthcare Agencies

For-ProfitFor-Profit



Private Healthcare AgenciesPrivate Healthcare AgenciesFor-ProfitFor-Profit

Provide patient servicesProvide patient services

Expect monetary profitExpect monetary profit

Use profit for agency growth and to Use profit for agency growth and to increase servicesincrease services

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PHCAPHCA - For-Profit - - For-Profit - Inpatient- Inpatient-

A facility where patients stayA facility where patients stay

overnight to receive medicalovernight to receive medical

care and treatment.care and treatment.

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PHCA - For-Profit PHCA - For-Profit - Inpatient- - Inpatient-

HospitalHospitalMostly inpatient services with some outpatientMostly inpatient services with some outpatientservicesservicesType is determined by size, ownership, andType is determined by size, ownership, andservices offered.services offered.

– GeneralGeneral– SpecialtySpecialty– GovernmentGovernment– University or college medical centersUniversity or college medical centers

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General hospitals

1. treat wide variety of conditions and age groups

2. Pts are hospitalized a short time (few days to a few weeks)

3. Provide a range of diagnostic, medical, surgical, and emergency services

Diagnostic = pertaining to the determination of the nature of a disease or injury by examining (e.g. using x-rays and laboratory tests)

Specialty hospitals1. Provides care for specific illnesses, such as chronic

diseases, tuberculosis, and psychiatric problems.

Chronic = continuing over many years or a long time

2. Patients/clients are usually hospitalized in these

facilities for a long time.

3. St. Jude’s Hospital for children is an example of a specialty hospital. It is known for its cancer treatments and treatments of burns.

University/College Medical Centers

1. Provide services, research and education

2. Can be funded by private or govt. sources

Veterans Health Administration

Federally supported

Provide care for veteran who served in the armed forces

CONVALESCENT CARE

For elderly people needing nursing services and personal care.

For physically ill or injured people who require extended care for recovery.

Examples: – nursing homes – long-term care facilities.



Long Term Care FacilitiesLong Term Care FacilitiesCare provided to patients who:Care provided to patients who:

- have chronic conditions or disabilities that - have chronic conditions or disabilities that require assistance with daily activitiesrequire assistance with daily activities

- are adults over the age of 18 - are adults over the age of 18

- need long term or short term care- need long term or short term care

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Types of long term care facilitiesTypes of long term care facilities– Adult care homesAdult care homes– Assisted living facilitiesAssisted living facilities– Continuing care retirement communitiesContinuing care retirement communities– Nursing homesNursing homes

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Nursing/Geriatric homes– Provide physical and

emotional care– For individuals who

cannot care for themselves

– Help with ADLs, provide safe and secure environment and promote social interaction.

Extended care facilitiesSkilled care facilities

– skilled nursing and rehabilitative care

– Prepare residents for return to home or long

term facility.– Examples:

dialysis

tx for CA pts

Independent living Assisted living facilities

– Person rents or purchases unit in facility

– Provides meals, laundry, housekeeping, transportation, social events and basic medical care.


PHCA - For-Profit PHCA - For-Profit - outpatientoutpatient

Patient receives Patient receives ambulatory care.ambulatory care.

Patient does not Patient does not stay overnight in stay overnight in the facility.the facility.

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AMBULATORY CARE CLINIC

Facilities where several physicians with different specialties combine their practices. – Specialties = fields of study or

professional work. Ex: pediatrics & orthopedics

Allows the patient to have immediate care for many different illnesses

Adult Day Care

Care for elderly people who are able to live at home with their families but need care when the family is away.

Provides activities, rehabilitation, and contact with other people– medications given – aided in mobility

PHCA - For-Profit - OutpatientPHCA - For-Profit - Outpatient

PHCA - For-Profit - OutpatientPHCA - For-Profit - Outpatient Doctors’ Offices

Provide Services such as diagnosis, exams, treatment, lab testing, minor surgery, etc.

Specialize (Ex: Cardiology & Obstetrics)

Privately owned establishments

Employs variety of HCPs


PHCA - For-Profit - Inpatient- PHCA - For-Profit - Inpatient-

Emergency CareEmergency Care

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Provide special care for accidents or sudden illnesses

Examples:Ambulance services: private and govt.Rescue squads: frequently operated by fire departments.

PHCA - For-Profit - Inpatient- PHCA - For-Profit - Inpatient-

Emergency CareEmergency Care

1. ER – operated by hospitals

2. Helicopter or airplane – fly clients so that they receive care asap.


PHCA - For-Profit - Outpatient- PHCA - For-Profit - Outpatient-

Home HealthHome Health

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Nursing Care

Therapy

HomemakingMeds.


PHCA - For-Profit -OutpatientPHCA - For-Profit -Outpatient

Hospice CareHospice Care

Life expectancy is less than 6

months

Patient care

Family care

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PHCA - For-Profit PHCA - For-Profit – – OutpatientOutpatient

Industrial HealthcareIndustrial Healthcare

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PHC - PHC - For-Profit- Outpatient For-Profit- Outpatient

Laboratory ServicesLaboratory Services

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Mental Health ServicesMental Health Services

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Counseling Abuse Tx

Chemical/Physical

Clinics / H

ospitals


PHC - PHC - For-Profit- OutpatientFor-Profit- Outpatient

School Health ServicesSchool Health Services

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Counseling

Emergency Care

Screenings

Vision, Hearing, dental

Health Education

1.03 PP1 Healthcare Agencies

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