10.3 JAXA: GCOM-C/SGLI

new developments

Hiroshi Murakami

JAXA/EORC IOCCG-21 Committee Meeting

Santa Monica College, CA, USA 1 - 3 March 2016

2

JAXA Earth Observation Satellite missions

Targets (JFY; Apr-Mar) 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Disasters & Resources

Climate Change & Water Cycle •Water Cycle

•Climate change

•Greenhouse gases

Study On orbit Mission status

[Land and disaster monitoring]

[Vegetation, aerosol, cloud, SST, ocean color]

[Cloud and aerosol 3D structure]

[CO2, Methane]

[Wind, SST , water vapor, precipitation]

[Precipitation 3D structure]

[CO2, Methane, CO]

Development

TRMM / PR 2013~

ALOS-2 / PALSAR-2

GPM / DPR

GCOM-W / AMSR2

GOSAT / FTS, CAI 2009~ GOSAT-2

GCOM-C / SGLI

EarthCARE / CPR

Optical

ALOS-Next

GCOM-C

Launch GCOM-C2

GCOM-C3 5 years

~13 years

Feasibility study

Pre-phase-A

Solar

calibration

window

Earth view

window

FOV: 80-deg

Deep space

window

Visible and Near-infrared Radiometer

(SGLI-VNR)

VNR-NP Non-polarization

tree telescopes Each has the same 11

channels

Solar diffuser

GCOM-C satellite

Total FOV: 70deg

= 24deg 3 telescopes

(~1150km@nadir)

Earth direction

Earth

Earth

45deg along-

track slant

observation

VNR-POL Polarization two

(670nm and 865nm)

telescopes Each has tree

polarization-angle filters

Scan

mortar

Black body

SWIR detector

TIR detectors

Optical bench

Earth

mechanical

cooler

FOV: 55deg

(~1150km@45deg

along-track slant)

InfraRed Scanner

(SGLI-IRS) 45deg

1. GCOM-C/SGLI development

Internal lamp (PD)

3

GCOM-C SGLI characteristics

Orbit Sun-synchronous (descending local time: 10:30),

Altitude: 798km, Inclination: 98.6deg

Launch Date JFY 2016

Mission Life 5 years (3 satellites; total 13 years)

Scan Push-broom electric scan (VNR: VN & P)

Wisk-broom mechanical scan (IRS: SW & T)

Scan width 1150km cross track (VNR: VN & P)

1400km cross track (IRS: SW & T)

Spatial resolution 250m, 500m, 1km

Polarization 3 polarization angles for POL

Along track tilt Nadir for VN, SW and TIR, & +/-45 deg for P SGLI/VNR daily coverage

SGLI Spectral bands

4

http://suzaku.eorc.jaxa.jp/GCOM_C/about/c_sgli_prod_01.html

Characteristics of SGLI spectral bands

CH

Lstd Lmax SNR@Lstd IFOV

nm W/m2/sr/m

K: Kelvin

-

K: NET m

VN1 380 10 60 210 250 250 /1000

VN2 412 10 75 250 400 250 /1000

VN3 443 10 64 400 300 250 /1000

VN4 490 10 53 120 400 250 /1000

VN5 530 20 41 350 250 250 /1000

VN6 565 20 33 90 400 250 /1000

VN7 673.5 20 23 62 400 250 /1000

VN8 673.5 20 25 210 250 250 /1000

VN9 763 12 40 350 1200* 250 /1000*

VN10 868.5 20 8 30 400 250 /1000

VN11 868.5 20 30 300 200 250 /1000

POL1 673.5 20 25 250 250 1000

POL2 868.5 20 30 300 250 1000

SW1 1050 20 57 248 500 1000

SW2 1380 20 8 103 150 1000

SW3 1630 200 3 50 57 250 /1000

SW4 2210 50 1.9 20 211 1000

TIR1 10800 700 300K 340K 0.2K 250/500/1000

TIR2 12000 700 300K 340K 0.2K 250/500/1000

Mul

ti-a

ngle

obs

. fo

r 674nm

and

869nm

Uchikawa, T., K. Tanaka, Y. Okamura, S. Tsuida, and T. Amano, "Proto Flight Model (PFM) performance and development status of Cisible and Near

Infrared Radiometer (VNR) on the Second-generation Global Imager (SGLI)", SPIE Asia-Pacific Remote sensing, Beijing, China, 9264-27, 2014.

Tanaka, K., Y. Okamura, T. Amano, T. Hosokawa, and T. Uchikita, "The development status of Second Generation Global Imager Infrared Scanning

Radiometer (SGLI-IRS)", SPIE Asia-Pacific Remote sensing, Beijing, China, 9264-15, October, 2014.

VNR-POL

VNR-NP

SGLI-IRS

1. GCOM-C/SGLI development

• Proto-flight tests of GCOM-C satellite-system (SGLI Scanning

Radiometer Units, SRUs (VNR-NP, VNR-POL, and IRS), and

Electrical Units, ELUs, are on-going in JAXA Tsukuba Space Center

• The radiometric tests are carried out using integrating spheres to

characterize the SGLI radiometric performances

The integrating spheres are precisely calibrated by the fixed point

blackbody to ensure the traceability to the standard light source.

SNR, dynamic range, linearity, gain stability, etc. are evaluated

• Preliminary results of SNR meet the specification with some margin

(ref. next page)

5

6

Yoshihiko Okamura ; Kazuhiro Tanaka ; Takahiro Amano ; Koichi Shiratama and Tamiki Hosokawa, " Development and

pre-launch test status of Second Generation Global Imager (SGLI) ", Proc. SPIE 9639, Sensors, Systems, and Next-

Generation Satellites XIX, 96390I (October 12, 2015); doi:10.1117/12.2193387

1. GCOM-C/SGLI development

specification

Results

low NEdT is better

high SNR is better

high SNR is better

JFY April-March

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

GCOM-C

Milestone

Development

phase

GCOM-C1 Project start

Initial development Performance development Launch version development Improvement and application

System definition

algorithm

selection

PLI-1 PLI-2 Initial

cal/val

GCOM-C

launch

Validation & Improvement

Research product development

EORC

research &

development

Research & trial by other

satellite data and simulation

inte

ract

ion

C1 RA#1 GCOM-RA4 (C1 RA#2) C1 RA#3

PI alg submission v0.1 alg v0.2 alg v1

PI research

Submission to

the ground system Interaction

(flow, volume)

Ver. 1 Ver. 0.0 Ver. 2

Data

release

Initial

cal/val

define I/F integration test

of the ground system

L1B draft data

interaction

SGLI engineering model SGLI pre-flight model

Implement to the

operation system

Ground system

SGLI

Development

Announcement

Ver. 0.0

Pre-launch

Development

Completion

Confirmation

C1 RA#4

Design

prepa-

ration

2. Product development

7

GCOM-C Launch

GCOM-C2 GCOM-C3

5 years ~13 years

Ver. 0.1

Review

Test Review

GCOM-C1 Project end

Ver. 3

GCOM-C2 launch Review Review

SST module

Research parameters

Ocean color module

Atmospheric corr. module

Level-1B

L1B1 VNI

Normalized water

leaving radiance

L1B1 SWI L1B1 TI L1B1 POL

Atmos. aerosol

Chlorophyll-a conc.

EZD

PAR

Sea surface temp.

CDOM absorption

Total Suspended Matter PFT

Net Primary Productivity

Redtide

Daytime Day&Night time

Incl. cloud detection

1km 1km/500m/250m 1km/250m

Blue: standard products, red: research products and double-line boxes are subject for level-3 production

Incl. cloud detection

8

GCOM-C Ocean product operation flow and PI (JFY2016-)

IOP shape

aph

Toratani (Tokai U.)

Hirata (Hokkaido U)

Calibration by JAXA

Hirawake (Hokkaido U) Hirawake (Hokkaido U)

JAXA

Hirata (Hokkaido U)

Hirata (Hokkaido U)

Toratani (Tokai U.)

JAXA

Ishizaka (Nagoya U.)

Frouin (SIO, US)

Suzuki (Hokkaido U.): HPLC

JAXA

Ishizaka (Nagoya U.)

Hirata (Hokkaido U)

M. Wang (NOAA): Atm.corr, VIIRS

B. Franz (NASA): multi sensor

Kobayashi (Yamanashi U.)

In-situ instrument

Applications and international collaboration

CEOS/OCR-VC, IOCCG, KJWOC/AWOC

NASA, NOAA, CNES, GISTDA. Australia..

Domestic: FRA, JCG, JMA..

IOP

Goes(Columbia Univ): Nitrate, NPP

Kahru (SIO): Regional alg &Val

Antoine (Curtin U.): Cal/Val

Matsuoka(U Laval): Arctic DOC&POC

Kuwahara (Soka U): Val at Sagami Bay

Isada (Hokkaido U): Val at Akkeshi-Bay

McKinna(NASA): IOP

3. Synergy with Himawari-8/AHI

• Himawari-8 data release: July 7 2015

• JAXA-CSIRO meeting: Aug. 25-26, 2015

• JAXA Himawari-monitor (http://www.eorc.jaxa.jp/ptree/index_j.html)

– Public open since Aug. 31 2015

– SST, Aerosol, PAR, OC.. are derived by GCOM-C algorithms

– (2016-) cloud properties, hotspot..

• Cross-calibration and cross-validation with GCOM-C

9 8-day average

Aerosol optical thickness NDVI & Chl-a

8-day average 8-day average

SST

8-day average

PAR

AHI hourly Chla on 20-27 July 2015

10

00H,

01H,

02H,

03H,

04H,

05H,

daily,

00H,

..,

daily,

8-day

AHI Chla: comparison with MODIS Chla (L3)

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1-day 1-day 1-day 8-day

Good agreement in the summer time (upper figures)

SNR becomes lower in the winter time due to large solar zenith angle

4. Summary

• The mission targets of GCOM-C are contribution to the climate

system researches, the carbon cycle and the radiative forcing, through

series of satellites, GCOM-C, C2 and C3.

– It has 250-m resolution and along-track slant-view polarization observation to

improve the land and coastal monitoring, and aerosol estimation.

– Stable calibration: on-board diffuser with monthly moon observation

• GCOM-C/SGLI will be launched in Japanese Fiscal Year 2016.

• SGLI pre-launch tests, development of algorithms and ground

processing system, and post-launch cal/val planning are being

conducted by JAXA and GCOM-C PI.

• The new research period is going to start in the April 2016

(JFY2016-2018)

• Follow-on missions

– GCOM-C2, 3..., don’t have been approved yet: need long-term series missions

– We have to demonstrate the success of GCOM-C1

– International collaboration, e.g., JPSS, Sentinel-3, PACE.. 12

Backup slides

14

SGLI calibration

solar irradiance

SST

fixed-point

blackbody furnace

integration

sphere

AIST NIST

SGLI VN/SWR

diffuser BRDF radiometer

internal lamp

SGLI TIR

radiometer

standard blackbody onboard

blackbody

Moon

radiometer LST

Cloud Ocean Desert Snow

Other satellite sensors

GIRO

(GSICS/ROLO)

in-situ radiometer

buoy SST

Solar spectrum 2%

1% <2%

Post-launch Level-1 calibration will be based on the onboard calibration

Vicarious calibration will be used for

• confirmation of the onboard calibration,

• more accurate calibration (adjustment) required for the L2 algorithms

Cross calibration

Vicarious calibration

Onboard calibration

Ground characterization

in-situ

radiometers

once/month

at the same phase angle

GCOM-C data distribution

2. Japanese near-real time station

– Near-real time distribution to specific users*

– A backup of the Svalbard station

3. Direct downlink capability at other

local stations

– (3) and (4) are required to make agreement

individually with JAXA.

All standard products (L1, L2, L3) will be

distributed by S-FTP (released to the public

one year after the launch)

Free for both science and commercial

purposes

1. Svalbard downlink station

– Global observation data including

all the 250-m & 1-km observation

modes (Raw data ~6GB/path)

– 14 or 15 passes (~90GB)/day

15

(1) (2) (3) GCOM-C/SGLI data

GCOM-C

GCOM-C

(4)

*Near-real time users (can be increased)

a) JAFIC

• Products: SST, Chl-a, Rrs (Mapped)

• Area: Coverage of Katsuura Station

• Latency: 3 hours after observation

b) JMA (TBD)

• Product: L1B, aerosol, snow cover, SST, LST

• Area : global

• Latency: 70% by 3 hours and 95% by 12 hours

after observation