10.2 Eukaryotic Cell Cycle
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Transcript of 10.2 Eukaryotic Cell Cycle
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Youtube links to watch
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gwcwSZIfKlM
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lpAa4TWjHQ4
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10.2 Eukaryotic Cell Cycle
• Cell cycle--repeating phases of :– Growth (Interphase)– DNA replication (Interphase)– preparation for cell division (Interphase)– division of the nucleus and cytoplasm (cell
division—mitosis & cytokinesis)
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Interphase
• G1: cell grows to mature size, makes more organelles
• S: chromosomes replicate
• G2: cell continues to grow and prepare to divide; cell forms specialized structures that help the cell divide (ex. microtubules)
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2 Stages of Cell Division:
1. Mitosis: the process in which a cell’s nucleus divides into 2 identical daughter nuclei.
*Begins after interphase and ends before cytokinesis.
*PMAT (4 phases)
2. Cytokinesis: cytoplasm division (and organelles)
*Cell physically splits into 2
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MITOSIS — 4 phases (PMAT): 1. PROPHASE
• chromosomes condense (coil up and become visible under a microscope).
• Centrosome helps to assemble spindle fibers.
• a pair of centrioles migrate to each pole of the cell (animal cells only).
• nuclear envelope and nucleolus break down (disappear).
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2. METAPHASE
• spindle fibers arrange chromosomes in the middle of the cell along the equator of the cell. • spindle fibers link the chromatids of each
chromosome to opposite poles.
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3. ANAPHASE
• centromeres divide• spindle fibers pull sister chromatids towards
opposite poles.• result =each pole has a full set of chromosomes.
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4. TELOPHASE
• 2 daughter nuclei are formed• reverse of prophase: nuclear envelopes
form around each set of chromosomes; chromosomes uncoil to form a loose mass of chromatin; spindle fibers break down (disappear).
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CYTOKINESIS
• animal cell…cell membrane grows into the center of the cell at the center of the parent cell and divides it into 2 daughter cells of equal size; called a cleavage furrow
• plant cells…form a cell plate (from the parent cell wall).