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ICTs for ICTs for DevelopmentDevelopment

Yoshio UtsumiYoshio Utsumi

ex-Secretary General ex-Secretary General

International Telecommunication International Telecommunication UnionUnion

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Personal ProfilePersonal Profile

Born in 1942Born in 1942 Academic BackgroundAcademic Background

Univ. of Tokyo LLBUniv. of Tokyo LLB Univ. of Chicago MAUniv. of Chicago MA 　　 Political SciencePolitical Science

Worked for Japanese Gov. Worked for Japanese Gov. 　　 Mostly engaged Mostly engaged in telecommunication policy and regulationin telecommunication policy and regulation

Postmaster GeneralPostmaster General Deputy Minister of Ministry of Posts & TelecomDeputy Minister of Ministry of Posts & Telecom Secretary General of ITU (1999-2006)Secretary General of ITU (1999-2006) President of JTEC (at present)President of JTEC (at present)

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ITUITU

A United Nations specialized A United Nations specialized agencyagency The oldest international organization The oldest international organization

established in 1865established in 1865 Allocate global radio spectrum and Allocate global radio spectrum and

satellite orbits satellite orbits Develop the technical standards that Develop the technical standards that

ensure networks and technologies ensure networks and technologies seamlessly interconnect seamlessly interconnect

Strive to improve access to ICTs to Strive to improve access to ICTs to underserved communities worldwideunderserved communities worldwide

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18561856 　　International Telegraph ConventionInternational Telegraph Convention

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History of ITUHistory of ITU

18561856 　　 International Telegraph ConventionInternational Telegraph Convention 19061906 　　 International Radiotelegraph International Radiotelegraph

ConventionConvention 19321932 　　 International International

Telecommunication UnionTelecommunication Union 1947 a Specialized Agency of UN1947 a Specialized Agency of UN 1999-2006 1999-2006 　　 Secretary General Secretary General

/Yoshio Utsumi/Yoshio Utsumi

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UN Specialized AgenciesUN Specialized Agencies1.1. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) 1945Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) 19452.2. International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) 1947International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) 19473.3. International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) 1977International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) 19774.4. International Labour Organization (ILO) 1917International Labour Organization (ILO) 19175.5. International Maritime Organization (IMO) 1948International Maritime Organization (IMO) 19486.6. International Monetary Fund (IMF) 1946International Monetary Fund (IMF) 19467.7. International Telecommunication Union (ITU) 1865International Telecommunication Union (ITU) 18658.8. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

(UNESCO) 1946(UNESCO) 19469.9. United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)

1967196710.10. Universal Postal Union (UPU) 1874Universal Postal Union (UPU) 187411.11. World Bank Group 1946World Bank Group 1946

1.1. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) 2.2. International Finance Corporation (IFC) International Finance Corporation (IFC) 3.3. International Development Association (IDA) International Development Association (IDA)

12.12. World Health Organization (WHO) 1948World Health Organization (WHO) 194813.13. World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) 1892World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) 189214.14. World Meteorological Organization (WMO) 1873World Meteorological Organization (WMO) 187315.15. World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) 1925World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) 1925

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What I was involved inWhat I was involved in

In JapanIn Japan Liberalization of Telecommunication Liberalization of Telecommunication

MarketMarket Introduction of competitionIntroduction of competition Privatization of NTT public corporationPrivatization of NTT public corporation

Promotion of ICTsPromotion of ICTs Creation of tax incentivesCreation of tax incentives Creation of low interest rate public loansCreation of low interest rate public loans Creation of local ICT projectsCreation of local ICT projects Creation of a research institution (ATR), etcCreation of a research institution (ATR), etc

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What I was involved inWhat I was involved in

In the WorldIn the World Agreement of WTO basic telecom Agreement of WTO basic telecom

negotiationnegotiation Agreement of 3GAgreement of 3G Advancement of IP TelephonyAdvancement of IP Telephony Agreement of Digitalization of TV by 2015Agreement of Digitalization of TV by 2015 Organization of WSISOrganization of WSIS

Commitment by the world leaders for the Information Commitment by the world leaders for the Information SocietySociety

Internationalization and democratization of the Internationalization and democratization of the management of Internetmanagement of Internet

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Why WSIS?Why WSIS?

ICTs areICTs are Prerequisites for the modern life Prerequisites for the modern life Means to leapfrog the development Means to leapfrog the development

processprocess Means for self-help developmentMeans for self-help development Of no need of big investments Of no need of big investments Eco friendlyEco friendly

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WSIS ObjectivesWSIS Objectives

Enlightenment Enlightenment Draw attention of the world top leadersDraw attention of the world top leaders Commitments by the world leadersCommitments by the world leaders

Multi-stakeholders approachMulti-stakeholders approach Stock-takingStock-taking

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WSISWSISWorld Summit on the Information World Summit on the Information

societysociety

Prep-com

Regional Meeting

Geneva Summit

Tunis Summit

Prep-comPrep-com

Prep-com

Regional Meeting

Regional Meeting

Regional Meeting

Prep-com

Prep-comPrep-com

Prep-com

Prep-com

Regional MeetingRegional Meeting

Thematic MeetingThematic Meeting

Thematic Meeting

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WSISWSIS 　Ｇｅｎｅｖａ　Ｇｅｎｅｖａ

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What I have witnessed What I have witnessed

Development of cell phones only in Development of cell phones only in urban areasurban areas

Widely established policies are easily Widely established policies are easily chosen without taking into consideration chosen without taking into consideration of the specificity of a community.of the specificity of a community.

Interests of the people are ranked Interests of the people are ranked lower.lower.

The best policies for the people are The best policies for the people are rarely taken.rarely taken.

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Policies of WB for Policies of WB for TelecomTelecom

““Liberalization of telecom is the best, Liberalization of telecom is the best, and only way for the development of and only way for the development of telephone in developing countries.telephone in developing countries.””

WB urges developing countries to WB urges developing countries to follow the policy. follow the policy.

Not the best result, however, highly Not the best result, however, highly appreciatedappreciated

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Failures of AfricaFailures of Africa

Urged competition in urban areasUrged competition in urban areas

→ → Poor services for rural areasPoor services for rural areas

→ → No development of local industry No development of local industry Urged regulation by an independent Urged regulation by an independent

commission commission

→ → A commission for everything A commission for everything

→ → No expertise No expertise

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Cases of Latin AmericaCases of Latin America

Experienced policy makersExperienced policy makers Good examples of neighboring Good examples of neighboring

countriescountries

→ → Moderate introduction of Moderate introduction of competitioncompetition

→ → Creation of universal service fundCreation of universal service fund

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Expected ObjectivesExpected Objectives Early penetration of telecommunications Early penetration of telecommunications

By liberalization of marketBy liberalization of market By foreign capitalBy foreign capital

Low tariffLow tariff By competitionBy competition By regulation By regulation

Development of telecom in rural areasDevelopment of telecom in rural areas By universal fundBy universal fund

Development of local related industriesDevelopment of local related industries By controlling of foreign capitalsBy controlling of foreign capitals By incentives, education, etc.By incentives, education, etc.

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Reasons for JapanReasons for Japan’’s s Telecom LiberalizationTelecom Liberalization

Finished the construction of the Finished the construction of the networknetwork

To support the restructuring of To support the restructuring of corrupted National Railwaycorrupted National Railway

Abuses of the monopoly, NTTAbuses of the monopoly, NTT For the utilization of computersFor the utilization of computers × × For new comersFor new comers × × For lower tariffsFor lower tariffs × × For the varieties of servicesFor the varieties of services

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Reasons for wrong Reasons for wrong policiespolicies

Interests of big states and global Interests of big states and global enterprisesenterprises

→ → Laissez-faire and free competition Laissez-faire and free competition Lack of knowledge and expertiseLack of knowledge and expertise

→ → Use of consultantsUse of consultants Personal interestsPersonal interests

→ → Follow visible and invisible big Follow visible and invisible big powerspowers

Lessons

Learn experiences of other countries Not follow the advice of consultants Not easily follow the advice of WB Enlighten decision makers, get

followers

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Advice for High Gov. Advice for High Gov. OfficialsOfficials

Power is only the beginning. Power is only the beginning. No good causes, no good works.No good causes, no good works. A man alone can do nothing. A man alone can do nothing. Ask yourself, Ask yourself, ““Which is the best for Which is the best for

the people?the people?”” Your life is only once.Your life is only once.

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Thank you very much