10.10.2007 | CCS | Wolfgang Dirschauer | Vattenfall Europe 1 Our future of Clean Coal: CO 2 -free...

10.10.2007 | CCS | Wolfgang Dirschauer | Vattenfall Europe 1

Our future of Clean Coal: CO2-free power plants

Wolfgang DirschauerVattenfall Europe


CO2-emissions – a global perspective


The reality of electricity generation

others2,1%

Contribution of primary energy to global electricity production 2004

fossilfuels

66,1%

nuclear15,7 %

hydro16,1 %


Our goal Develop a reliable and profitable coal-based electricity and heat

generation while complying to ambitious and long-term global climate targets

Twin tactics: Efficiency and Clean Coal / CSS

„As soon as legally, technologically and economically feasable, all our plants will be carbon-free and climate-neutral. That means we will build new plants carbon-free and retrofit or close down old plants “ (Dr. Klaus Rauscher, CEO Vattenfall Europe, FAZ 21.03.2007)


Why Carbon Capture and Storage - CCS ?

The world – especially the growing economies of the newly industrializing countries - will not stop using fossil fuels

Coal is the one fossil fuel which combines the greatest potential with the strategic optimum

Coal may face a renaissance as the „fuel of choice“ of global industrialization, non-power business will grow

Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is the only technology with the potential to significantly reduce CO2-emissions while still using fossil fuels, especially coal

CCS is therefore a key technology for developing a climate-friendly energy system based on the realities of fossil fuel potentials


Fuel – generation - storage – the abstract

CO2 is captured either pre or post combustion within the power plant

CO2 is purified, compressed, transported and stored in deep poriferous rock formations (gas and oil fields, saline aquifers)


Possibilities for storage and usage

Storage:

• Saline Aquifers

• Depleted gas and oil fields

Usage:

• Enhanced Gas/Oil Recovery


CCS – the three links of the chain

• Development of technological concepts

• Cost-reduction

• Verification and test-runs

• Transfer of known concepts

• Development of infrastructure

• Test the concepts

• Determine the potentials and accessability

• Analysing environmental risks

• Creating trust

• Develop the legal framework

Capture Transport Storage


Efficiency and CCS – partners, not rivals

The expected net-efficiency for coal-fired power plants is 50-53 % in 2020

CCS is being developed on a parallel timeframe

More efficiency in power plants is needed to compensate for the systemic energy loss in the CCS-chain


Comparison of CCS Technologies

source: European Platform for Zero Emission Power Plants - ZEP


Post-combustion


Pre-combustion (IGCC)


O2/CO2 combustion - Oxyfuel

economiser

processsteam

condensate


Why Oxyfuel Technology ?

Our reasons for Oxyfuel:

• Power plant process with high efficiency potential

• Highest capability in CO2-separation

• Comparable to conventional water-steam power plant processes

• High availability

• robust estimates for upfront investment and operational costs, based on conventional power plants


The roadmap to our future CO2-free power plant

Test-Installation

0,5 MWth

Pilot-Plant

30 MWth

Demo-Plant

300-600 MWth

Commercial Power Plant

>1.000 MWth

• Testing of components

• Confirm science and tech base

• Integration of components

• Optimise the installation

• Validate the ccs technology chain

• Optimise the efficiency

• Integrate into transport and storage system

• Competitive electricity generation costs

2004 2008 2015 2020


„Schwarze Pumpe“ – the actual site


Our Oxyfuel Pilot Plant


The model (view from south/east )

Boiler house

FGD

CO2-plant

ESP

Coolingtowers

ASU

Switchgearbuilding

FGC


The actual building site (status: 13th of august 2007)

Switchgearbuilding

Foundationsfor ESP,

Stack,

FGD,

FG-Cond.

Steel boilerstructure

Air separation

unit (ASU)

Coolingwater pumpCooling tower

CO2 plant


The crucial question: the price of climate policy

Our target:

20 € t/CO2


The risks

The cost of developing and implementing new technologies

The future of ETS as a global instrument

The timely development of a global post-2012 climate regime

Legal und regulatory framework

Public opinion („double-phase-out hysteria“)


Thank you for your attention !


Key Messages

• Vattenfall is determined to be a CCS frontrunner. CCS will be our best practice for fossil fuel fired power plants asap.

• CCS is crucial for fossil-fuel dependant developing countries and the growing economies of China and India. This is all the more important considering the potential for coal in industrial processes, especially coal-to-liquid.

• There is no silver bullet to master the climate change challenge. But no scenario short of a climate world government (or dictatorship) comes up with a world energy system NOT extensively using coal (and gas/oil). Efficiency gains are indispensible, but also insufficient to make up for the growing energy needs of a growing world populace and world economy. CCS is a necessary part of a mix of instruments. It can serve as a crucial transitory technology to bridge the gap to a renewables-based energy system. It might also be a bridge to future technologies enabling us to make use of the CO2.

• A scenario with ambitious and strict emissions restrictions but without CCS could seriously endanger Germany’s energy security and international competitiveness. Depending on the nuclear energy issue and the market-readiness of renewables, a phasing out of coal in the German energy mix would endanger our industrial basis and cause massive economic and social disruption. On a global level, without CCS coal (and other fossil fuels) will most likely be used nonetheless, only then with a definitely more serious impact on climate change.

10.10.2007 | CCS | Wolfgang Dirschauer | Vattenfall Europe 1 Our future of Clean Coal: CO 2 -free...

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