10061_ABHISHEK

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INTERIM PROJECT REPORT ON

Market Survey for New Antennas and Terminals Developed By

SAC

For

Under the Guidance of

Shri Y.P.Rana, Head, TTID/PPG, SPACE APPLICATIONS CENTRE (SAC),

Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) And

Shri Alok Singhal, Sci-SE, SAC- ISRO And

Prof. Lt. Col. S. N. Prasad Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of Degree

Of PGDM

By Abhishek

10061

Market Survey for New Antennas and Terminals Developed By SAC

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CERTIFICATE BY THE ORGANISATIONAL GUIDE This is to certify that Mr. ABHISHEK currently studying Post Graduate Diploma in Management at SDM Institute for Management Development, Mysore has satisfactorily completed Summer Internship project titled “Market Survey for New Antenna Technologies

Developed by SAC” related to marketing stream of Management from 15-04-2011 to 04-06-2011 Signature: Date: 03-06-2011 Name: Y.P. RANA Place: Ahmedabad Designation: HEAD,TTID Name of the Organisation and Address: Space Application Centre, Indian Space Research organisation Department of space, Govt. Of India Ambawadi Vlstar P.O., Jodhpur Tekra Ahmedabad – 380015, India

Organizational stamp:


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CERTIFICATE BY THE ORGANISATIONAL GUIDE

This is to certify that Mr. ABHISHEK currently studying Post Graduate Diploma in Management at SDM Institute for Management Development, Mysore has satisfactorily completed Summer Internship project titled “Market Survey for New Antenna Technologies

Developed by SAC” related to marketing stream of Management from 15-04-2011 to 04-06-2011 Signature: Date: 03-06-2011 Name: ALOK SINGHAL Place: Ahmedabad Designation: SCI-SE Name of the Organisation and Address: Space Application Centre, Indian Space Research organisation Department of space, Govt. Of India Ambawadi Vlstar P.O., Jodhpur Tekra Ahmedabad – 380015, India

Organizational stamp:


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CERTIFICATE BY THE FACULTY GUIDE, SDM INSTITUTE FOR MANAGEMENT DEVELOPEMNT, MYSORE

This is to certify that Roll No 10061 Mr. ABHISHEK of PGDM Batch 2010-12 has satisfactorily completed Summer Internship Project titled “Market Survey for New Antenna

Technologies Developed by SAC” at M/S Space Application Centre, Indian Space Research Organisation located at Ahmedabad from 15-04-2011 to 04-06-2011 to partially fulfill the requirements of the PGDM program under my guidance. Signature: Date: Name: Prof. Lt. Col. S.N. Prasad Designation: Chairman-Placements SDM Institute For Management Development, Mysore

Institutional Stamp


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Acknowledgement I take this opportunity to express my heartfelt gratitude to my project guides at the Space Applications Centre, Mr.Y.P.Rana, Head, TTID/PPG, Space Application Centre and Mr. Alok Singhal, Sci-SG, SAC- ISRO for giving me the opportunity to undertake this project. I am grateful to them for their prolonged interest in my work and excellent guidance. They have been a constant source of motivation for me throughout the course of this project. By their uncompromising demand for quality and insistence for meeting the deadlines, I could do such an excellent work in a short duration of seven weeks. They have shown me a way to pursue excellence.

I am also thankful to all the scientists in Space Applications Centre, whom I have interacted with, for providing technical knowledge and diverse viewpoints, which helped me in completing the project.

I offer my special gratitude to the entire ISRO family, for providing a friendly atmosphere during my summer internship, making it a delightful and memorable experience. The entire project has been a great learning experience. I also express my gratitude to all the respondents of my survey, whose feedback and response forms the brunt of this project. I thank the people with whom I had personal interactions about my project for their time and support. Without the constant help of all these people this project would never have reached fruition.

I would also humbly acknowledge the encouragement extended to me by Col. S.N. Prasad, Professor, SDMIMD-Mysore , in pursuing this project.

I also thank Almighty God and my family and friends who have supported and inspired me throughout the completion of this project.

ABHISHEK

01-06-2011


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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This project is aimed at exploring the societal and commercial applications of antennas developed at SAC, ISRO and identifying suitable private organizations for technology transfer and joint collaboration.

The new antennas in question are:

1. SEQUENTIALLY ROTATED MULTILAYER STACKED PATCH ARRAY ANTENNA 2. BROADBAND MULTILAYER PRINTED ANTENNA 3. SPIRAL QAUDRIFILAR HELIX ANTENNA

Also we looked at two new terminals that are using these antennas. These systems are…

1. MSS TYPE-D TERMINAL 2. DISTRESS ALERT TRANSMITTER

The MSS Type-D terminal uses the first antenna and Distress alert transmitter uses the third antenna.

The main objective of this project was to interact with the antenna industry and create awareness about these new antennas and technologies. Also it was required to know their opinion about these antennas and find out if the industry is keen for technology transfer of any of these antennas.

This report also contains a brief description of current market scenario and future market growth of antenna industry.

The very first step in any market survey is to know the exact problem, the answer to which we are looking for. Following were the major questions that we need to clarify through our survey …

1. Are industries ready for these new antenna and system? 2. What are the market segments? 3. What additional improvement can be made? 4. Find out the organizations for the technology transfer of these antennas and system.

The survey has been planned keeping these questions in mind. This report presents the detail explanations of each and every step taken during various stage of the survey. The various stages are

� Understanding the technologies � Questionnaire design and refinement � Identifying organizations for survey � Data collection � Survey Analysis

Various findings were made during the course of the study and appropriate suggestions were recommended.


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Contents

1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................... 9

1.1. PROJECT OVER VIEW ................................................................................................................ 9

1.2. OBJECTIVES .......................................................................................................................... 9

1.3. METHODOLOGY ....................................................................................................................... 9

1.4. RESEARCH TYPE ...................................................................................................................... 10

1.5. DATA COLLECTION TECHNIQUES ............................................................................................ 10

1.6. LIMITATION OF THE STUDY .................................................................................................... 10

1.7. PROJECT PROFILE ................................................................................................................... 10

1.8. PROJECT TIMELINE ................................................................................................................. 11

2. ORGANIZATION PROFILE: ISRO ....................................................................................................... 12

3. ANTENNA INDUSTRY AND ITS MARKET .......................................................................................... 13

3.1 ORIGIN OF ANTENNAS............................................................................................................ 13

3.2 GLOBAL MARKET – CURRENT SCENARIO AND IT’S FORECAST ................................................. 14

3.3 WIRELESS ANTENNAS – SCALING NEW HEIGHTS. .................................................................... 16

3.4 THE ROAD AHEAD .................................................................................................................. 18

4. TERMINALS AND ANTENNAS UNDER CNSIDERATION ..................................................................... 19

4.1. MSS TYPE-D TERMINAL .......................................................................................................... 19

4.2. SEQUENTIALLY ROTATED MULTILAYER STACKED PATCH BROADBAND ARRAY ANTENNA ........ 23

4.3. BROADBAND MULTILAYER PRINTED ANTENNA ...................................................................... 25

4.4. DISTRESS ALERT TRANSMITTER .............................................................................................. 28

4.5. SPIRAL QUADRIFILAR HELIX ANTENNA AT UHF BAND ............................................................. 30

5. MARKET SURVEY PLAN AND IT’S EXECUTION ................................................................................. 31

5.1 UNDERSTANDING THE TECHNOLOGIES ....................................................................... 31

5.2 QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGN AND REFINEMENT .............................................................. 32

5.2.1 QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGN .................................................................................................... 32

5.2.2 QUESTIONNAIRE PREPARED FOR ANTENNAS DEVELOPED BY ISRO. .................................... 34

5.2.3 REFINEMENT ...................................................................................................................... 34

5.3 IDENTIFYING ORGANIZATIONS FOR CONDUCTING SURVEY ................................... 35

5.4 SURVEY ANALYSIS .................................................................................................................. 36

6. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION ......................................................................................... 41


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APPENDIX I – LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................... 43

APPENDIX II – E-MAIL SENT TO VARIOUS ORGANIZATION ...................................................................... 44

APPENDIX III – QUESTIONAIRRE ............................................................................................................. 45

APPENDIX IV – POSTERS ........................................................................................................................ 50

APPENDIX V – LIST OF VARIOUS ANTENNAS COMPANIES SELECTED ....................................................... 56

APPENDIX VI – ANTENNA TERMINOLOGY .............................................................................................. 57

REFERENCES .......................................................................................................................................... 59


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1. INTRODUCTION

1.1. PROJECT OVER VIEW

This project is aimed at exploring the societal and commercial applications of antennas developed at SAC, ISRO and identifying suitable private organizations for technology transfer and joint collaboration. This project involves understanding these technologies, exploring their application both commercially and for society, conducting a survey among the industry to know whether they are ready to accept and implement these technologies. Finally a report consisting of the feedback from the industry regarding the marketability of these technologies, the details of the organizations that are willing to accept these technologies and the applications for which they want to market these technologies is submitted.

1.2. OBJECTIVES � To communicate with the industry about the technologies developed at SAC and their

potential applications that can be used with these technologies.

� To analyze if the industry is ready to accept these technologies.

� To identify suitable companies for technology transfer and joint collaboration.

Antennas considered for this project a) Sequentially Rotated Multilayer stacked patch array antenna (used in MSS Type –D terminal)

b) Broadband multilayer printed antenna (used in CAL-VAL project- Trans-Receive terminal)

c) Spiral quadrifilar helix antenna (used in Distress alert transmitter)

Terminals considered for this project

a) MSS Type –D Terminal

b) Distress Alert Transmitter

1.3. METHODOLOGY

With the aim of achieving the above mentioned objectives, this project was executed in the following stages.

� Understanding the different aspects of these antennas and corresponding systems and its usefulness.

� Estimation of the market value of the technologies.

� Search and Identification of organizations, which might be interested in these technologies.

� Conduct a survey among the organizations to know whether these technologies are preferable

for commercial use, whether the organizations are willing to market them and whether any

changes are required to make these technologies commercially viable.


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� Analysis of the survey results and preparation of a report. This report features whether these technologies are commercially viable, are there any additional features to be incorporated to make these technologies commercially viable and also to provide a list of organizations interested in taking up of technology transfer / joint collaboration of these technologies.

1.4. RESEARCH TYPE

In this research exploratory research is used and research plan is unstructured and flexible. Both quantitative and qualitative approaches have been used to get a better understanding of the customers.

1.5. DATA COLLECTION TECHNIQUES

A combination of “Questionnaire” and “Personal interviews” was used to collect the survey data from the respondents. This combination is much more effective in eliciting the required data from the respondents than using any one of them alone.

1.6. LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

• Time of the project was restricted to two months

• Some of the customers were unable or unwilling to respond to some of the questions.

• The response given by the customer could be biased. Their rating for the various parameters could

have been affected by the recent transactions with the company.

• Many companies could not be visited due to lack of timeline. Instead they will be contacted through

emails and phone.

1.7. PROJECT PROFILE


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1.8. PROJECT TIMELINE

15-04-2011 to 25-04-2011 Understanding the technology

25-04-2011 to 29-04-2011 Questionnaire Preparation

02-05-2011 to 06-05-2011 Question review and Refinement

03-05-2011 First Presentation

09-05-2011 to 11-05-2011 Collecting company contact information and short

listing of companies

12-05-2011 to 25-05-2011 Conducting survey

26-05-2011 to 27-05-2011 Survey result analysis

28-05-2011 to 29-05-2011 Report Writing

30-05-2011 Report Review

01-06-2011 Final presentation

02-06-2011 Final report submission

04-06-2011 Farewell


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2. ORGANIZATION PROFILE: ISRO The Indian space program was institutionalized in 1962 with the setting up of Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR) and beginning the work on Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station (TERLS), near Thiruvananthapuram. In November 1969, Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) was formed. The Government of India constituted the Space Commission and established the Department of Space (DOS) in June 1972 and brought ISRO under DOS in September 1972.

The Space Commission, the apex body, mainly formulates policies and oversees the program to promote the development and application of space science and technology for the socio-economic benefit of the country. DOS implements these programs through mainly ISRO and other organizations like National Remote Sensing Agency (NRSA), Physical Research Laboratory (PRL), National Atmospheric Research Laboratory (NARL), North Eastern-Space Applications Centre (NE-SAC), Semi-Conductor Laboratory (SCL) and other agencies. The Antrix Corporation, established in 1992 as a government owned company, markets the space products and services.

The establishment of space systems and their applications are coordinated by the national level committees, namely, the INSAT Coordination Committee (ICC), Planning Committee of National Natural Resources Management System (PC-NNRMS) and Advisory Committee on Space Sciences (ADCOS).

As per the vision of Dr. Vikram Sarabhai, considered as the father of Indian Space Program… “There are

some who question the relevance of space activities in a developing nation. To us, there is no

ambiguity of purpose. We do not have the fantasy of competing with the economically advanced

nations in the exploration of the moon or the planets or manned space flight. But we are convinced

that if we are to play a meaningful role nationally, and in the community of nations, we must be

second to none in the application of advanced technologies to the real problems of man and society.”

The primary objective of the Indian space program is to achieve self-reliance in space technology and evolve application programs to meet the national development needs. The space program has taken important strides in meeting its objective.

The secretariat of DOS, Civil Engineering Division and ISRO head quarters are located at Antariksh Bhavan in Bangalore. Program offices at ISRO Headquarters coordinate the overall programs like satellite communication, earth observation, launch vehicle, space science, space industry development, disaster management support, sponsored research scheme, contracts management, international cooperation, safety, reliability, publications and public relations, budget and economic analysis and human resources development.


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3. ANTENNA INDUSTRY AND ITS MARKET

3.1 ORIGIN OF ANTENNAS

What is the origin of antennas? I'm ruling out compasses, because while they in some sense receive a magnetic field, it’s not an electromagnetic field. Ben Franklin's kite experiment wasn't quite an antenna, as that captured lightning discharge, which is a direct current path where the energy is not transferred independent of the medium it travels. The human eye of course receives high frequency electromagnetic waves (light, to the layman). Technically the eye could be classified as an antenna; however since it can't transmit waves, it is really a sensor, so I'll exclude that as well.

The first experiments that involved the coupling of electricity and magnetism and showed a definitive relationship was that done by Faraday somewhere around the 1830s. He slid a magnetic around the coils of a wire attached to a galvanometer. In moving the magnet, he was in effect creating a time-varying magnetic field, which as a result (from Maxwell's Equations), must have had a time-varying electric field. The coil acted as a loop antenna and received the electromagnetic radiation, which was received (detected) by the galvanometer - the work of an antenna. Interestingly, the concept of electromagnetic waves had not even been thought up at this point.

Figure 1: A painting of Michael Faraday. Being a great experimentalist, he naturally dabbled in

chemistry, shown here.

Heinrich Hertz developed a wireless communication system in which he forced an electrical spark to occur in the gap of a dipole antenna. He used a loop antenna as a receiver, and observed a similar disturbance. This was 1886. By 1901, Marconi was sending information across the Atlantic. For a


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transmit antenna, he used several vertical wires attached to the ground. Across the Atlantic, the receive antenna was a 200 meter wire held up by a kite.

In 1906, Columbia University had an Experimental Wireless Station where they used a transmitting aerial cage. This was a cage made up of wires and suspended in the air, resembling a cage.

A rough outline of some major antennas and their discovery/fabrication dates are listed:

• Yagi-Uda Antenna, 1920s

• Horn antennas, 1939. Interesting, the early antenna literature discussed waveguides as "hollow

metal pipes".

• Antenna Arrays, 1940s

• Parabolic Reflectors, late 1940s,

• Patch Antennas, 1970s.

• PIFA, 1980s.

Current research on antenna involves metamaterials (materials that have engineered dielectric and magnetic constants that can be simultaneously negative, allowing for interesting properties like a negative index of refraction). Current research focuses on making antennas smaller, particularly in communications for personal wireless communication devices (e.g. cell phones). A lot of work is being performed on numerical modeling of antennas, so that their properties can be predicted before they are built and tested.

3.2 GLOBAL MARKET – CURRENT SCENARIO AND IT’S FORECAST

As per the research conducted by bcc research, USA following key points came to forefront.

• Overall sales in global antenna market were $10.7 billion in 2008, which came down to $10 billion in 2009 due to global recession. This is projected to reach $13.3 billion in 2014 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.8%

• BCC Research forecasts that the defense and surveillance applications sector will grow fastest resulting in an almost 5% rise in market share. This sector was worth $1.2 billion in 2009 and is expected to increase at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 13% to reach 2.1 billion by 2014.

• Wireless communications have made antennas almost indispensable to sectors such as computing applications and residential/industrial/commercial premises and user devices. Wireless telecommunications infrastructure was worth nearly $1.9 billion in 2009 and should reach $2.2 billion by 2014, a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 3.7%.


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Figure 2: Global Antenna current market and its forecast

Another famous research agency, ABI Research, confirms the same. If the result of ABI research is believed to be true than the global market for antennas for wireless infrastructure, including base station, fixed and active types, is set to reach almost $2.0 billion in 2016.

So-called “active” antennas are the hot segment of this market. Widespread installations of active antennas, which combine the base station’s RF electronics in the antenna housing mounted at the top of the tower, have only begun quite recently. According to research director Lance Wilson, “Active antennas offer a solution to the problem of rapidly growing wireless data traffic. Conventional designs are not as efficient; active antennas offer much greater efficiency and versatility when handling large quantities of signals, including wireless data.”

Apart from the “active” segment, the antenna market can be described as stable and mature. “Market growth is gradual and steady,” says Wilson. ”That, along with the huge size of the market (from a component or subassembly standpoint), is precisely part of its appeal for vendors.”

The antenna vendor ecosystem is slightly unusual in that there are multiple tiers and many participants. The bulk of these vendors are small companies that command only fractional percentages of the total available market. ABI Research believes that some market consolidation is likely. The scenario for active antennas is a bit different, with antenna manufacturers normally partnering with equipment builders.

Will 4G provide much stimulus to the antenna market? “Some upside is present with LTE/4G,” says Wilson, “but this will be moderated by the eventual decline in the GSM family of technologies. With the exception of still-developing regions, GSM infrastructure is largely built-out already. 4G won’t replace the millions of existing GSM base stations with similar quantities.”

Mr. Simon Qiu, chairman, Kenbotong Communication, has the following to say...


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“There are many types of antennae that are making their presence felt, both globally and locally. Our

company has a wide range of Wi-Fi, GSM, 3G, indoor, and GPS antennae. These are dominating the

market at present. Also, the technological advancement that wireless antenna market has seen in the

last one year includes Wi-Fi, 3G, MIMO, and CPE antennae. While the industry faces issues like site

selection and has serious concerns on more and more clients, the requirement for covert

communication is also spiking up. Nonetheless, decorative, MIMO, LTE, and microwave antennae will

also be driving the growth in the current fiscal.”

3.3 WIRELESS ANTENNAS – SCALING NEW HEIGHTS.

No doubt the tremendous growth of telecom sector in India has given a boost to the Indian antenna industry. Our discussion for the market growth of antenna will be incomplete without giving a proper look into the wireless antennas.

As the need for faster, easier, and reliable connectivity is mounting in emerging economies like India, wireless technology is creating a huge appeal for sophisticated voice and data services. The broadband hungry nation represents a huge potential for wireless technologies such as WiMax, Wi-Fi, 3G, in addition to GSM, CDMA, and UMTS.

India being one of the huge markets in the world in terms of telecom infrastructure investment, is gearing hard towards wireless options in providing broadband connectivity. And wireless antenna plays an important and significant role in the execution of wireless system.

The country is relatively young in the wireless communication sector as it was only in 1995, when the first wireless communication network was set up. The need to connect rural to global has essentially opened up the need for wireless technologies in a big way and with recent announcement of 3G guidelines, the industry is betting big for the next level of growth. Ironically, in the past, the role of antennas in finished product was often undervalued. As in order to achieve better performance sometimes a sizeable amount of endeavor is put into enforcing a variety of coding techniques in radio systems. On the other hand, the strength of a chain is determined by the weakest link and as a section of the wireless communication system link, the antenna performance is equally important.

Moreover, if the antenna system can give a nice and clear signal source for the radio parts, it would be actually much easier for signal processing and optimizing.

To achieve greater strength, it is also important to pay proper attention to critical electrical and mechanical characteristics apart from frequency band, beam width, and gain. It is important to mention that while electrical parts include gain related to the distance of coverage, vertical beam width, horizontal beam width, front to back ratio, and inter-modulation (related to signal interference), the mechanical part includes size and weight (as one site can only carry a few antennas) and material related with lift time.

Heading in a New Direction The market, according to experts, is becoming ever more sophisticated because of the tendency of industry players to focus on more highly engineered site architecture that could enable them to reap benefits such as reduced operation cost, improved coverage in rural areas, share multiple frequency bands, and greater control over their network.


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In the present scenario, variable tilt, higher gain, multi-band, and remote electrical tilt (RET) antennas have become increasing popular as compared to earlier fixed-tilt single band antennas.

Further, with the emergence of 3G markets, tri-band antennas have become essential in providing value added services such as mobile broadband. The need of multi-band antenna is gaining traction in the market. A single multi-band antenna can operate under GSM, CDMA, and 3G frequencies, and can be shared by different operators.

Another trend, according to industry experts is the increasing traction of high-gain antenna.

“India has a large rural area; operators need high gain antenna to cover this area and to reduce the

number of sites, thus to reduce the cost. The high gain antenna has an ability to cover larger areas as

compared to low-gain and middle gain antennas,” says Navin Vohra, country manager and director, South Asia operations, Andrew Wireless Solutions. The company has made significant investments in terms of manufacturing facilities in India and continues to invest in R&D. With the growing need of the Indian market, which is building tens of thousands of sites every year, the requirement of antennas is huge.

“We will put more effort on reaching to consumers and open an antenna manufacturing factory in

India with other antenna vendors to reduce the cost in the future” Vohra added.

Also with the diversion of telecommunication market toward spread spectrum (UMTS and CDMA) technology, antennas such as Di-Pole require controlling radiation patterns, which significantly impact the capacity of the network and user experience. Further, in new technologies that use TDD and MIMO capabilities, antennas are needed to accomplish beam forming, which is the basis of an optimized network, feel industry experts.

“Antenna is an integral part of any wireless technology. It receives and transmits the signal of an

entire system. It plays an important role in SNR (signal-noise rate), conversion quality, reliability of

system, coverage, etc,” says Geng Jie, general manager, India, Mobi Antenna Technologies. The company is presently offering BTS antennas including GSM, CDMA, UMTS, and 3G, microwave antennas and accessories and RF devices such as filters, duplexers, couplers, etc.

According to Monica Wang, international sales manager, Kenbotong Communication, “Antenna is a very important segment of wireless communication. It is important to develop advanced technology antennas to meet Indian market requirements. The growth of the market is mainly dependent upon telecom infrastructure growth.”

At present, the China-based company is offering antennas for Wi-Fi indoor coverage, WLAN, passive components, etc, and planning to bring their expertise in India. “As a passive device that converts RF

signals bonded to transmission lines into free space radio waves, antennas are integral to enabling

wireless systems to ensuring mobility, optimal capacity, and the quality and durability of RF

reception,” says Navin Vohra, country manager and director, South Asia Operations, Andrew Wireless Solutions.

The need is undertake consistent research and develop tailor-made products as per the specific need of consumers. As such, while fixed- tilt single band antennas were commonly used in the past, variable- tilt, higher gain, multi-band and remote electrical-tilt (RET) antennas becoming increasingly popular over the


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last two years. This move enables service providers to enhance their service offerings with improved data rates and access more potential customers.

3.4 THE ROAD AHEAD

Although the growing wireless demand makes India one of the hottest markets for the wireless antenna segment, there are myriad challenges that need to be addressed to make an appropriate business model for existing, as well as new players. The various challenges faced by the global and domestic players include meeting the escalating local demands, proper training, educating the market, decreasing ARPU's, and site kitting logistics solutions.

The other challenges for the vendors is to make proper network planning for their customers, selection of cities, correct installation of antennas, adjusting the down tilt, coverage, etc.

According to industry experts, working closely with the customers is going to be the key focus area for vendors as they could come out with more customized solutions to minimize the overall cost of site built. For example adding tower mounted amplifiers (TMA), power amplifiers, fiber-optic interfaces, etc. The 3G and rural area coverage is going to be a key driver for growth, and according to the industry sources, India could be one of the most promising markets in 2009-10 in the wireless antenna segment.

Also it is lucrative to go for the largest market segment. But other smaller segment also needs to be tapped. Logistic Industry, Merchant navy, Defense, Rescue operations etc. are the one that also need a special attention.


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4. TERMINALS AND ANTENNAS UNDER CNSIDERATION

4.1. MSS TYPE-D TERMINAL

Figure 4.1.A: MSS Type D Terminal

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has developed INSAT based Mobile Satellite Service (MSS) Terminal called MSS Type D Terminal, which will find wide commercial and special application.

This terminal provides voice communication link between two portable terminals and between terminals to PSTN network via hub station. The MSS Type D System is having portable terminal with flat panel antenna and operates in S-band. This is a battery operated terminal with talk time of 3 Hrs and standby time of 24 Hrs. MSS type D terminal requires a compact size planar array antenna having 15.5 dBi gains with axial ratio better than 1 dB for both transmit and receive frequency band (i.e. 20% bandwidth at S band).


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SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

Use of small portable terminal is possible because of the specialized MSS (Mobile Satellite Service) transponder in INSAT. In this system a small portable terminal, of the size of a small brief case weighing around 5 kg is used for communication. The portable satellite terminal is served by a central Hub station which has a DAMA network manager. Calls could be made between any two satellite terminal or satellite terminal and hub. The Hub station is C-band 6.1 M station. The transmit and receive IF is connected to Hub modem and DAMA equipment that includes a network server and a switch. In the DAMA system, a pool of satellite channel is kept at Hub station and assigned on demand basis to satellite terminals. Two numbers of signaling channels are there in the systems, one for sending request message by all satellite terminals sharing the carrier and another common channel for channel allotment to all satellite terminals from Hub station.

Figure 4.1.B: Working of MSS TYPE – D Terminal.


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FEATURES OF MSS TYPE-D TERMINAL

• The satellite terminal is portable and operates on built in battery. • The terminal is a small brief case size (373 x 194 x 70mm).

• Terminal weights around 5 kg including battery and antenna. • The system operates in DAMA (Demand Assigned Multiple access) for satellite channel access.

• Voice call between terminal to terminal and between terminal to local users on EPABX. • Easy Antenna deployment.

• User friendly operation

SALIENT SPECIFICATIONS OF MSS TYPE-D TERMINAL

The salient specification of MSS Type – D terminal is listed in the table below…

MSS TYPE – D TERMINAL

Transmit 2670-2690MHz

Receive 2500-2520MHz

Antenna Polarization LHCP

EIRP 18.0 dBW min

Frequency Tuning Step 10KHz

Receive G/T Better than -8.4 dB/K

Modulation BPSK

Channel Coding Convolution coding,1/2 rate (k=7) viterbi

decoding

Transmit RF Bandwidth 20KHz

Voice Compression Rate 4.8 Kbps

MOS Quality Better than 3.5

Package Less than 5 kg

size 373 x 194 x 70 mm

Power Supply 12 v battery with 2.5 hr talk time , provision of

230 AC adapter

Optional Solar power package

Table: Salient specification of MSS TYPE – D Terminal.

SALIENT SPECIFICATION OF HUB STATION

The salient specification of MSS Type – D terminal is listed in the table below…

SALIENT SPECIFICATION OF HUB STATION

FREQUENCY 6450-6470MHz Transmit

3680-3700MHz Receive

EIRP/Carrier 54 dBW

Receive G/T 25dB/K min

Modulation BPSK

Channel Coding Convolution, ½ rate

Voice Coding Rate 4.8 Kbps

No. Of DAMA channels 40

Interface at Hub EPABX

Table: Salient specification of Hub Station


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APPLICATION OF MSS TYPE-D TERMINAL

� Voice, Fax and Data communication from any remote location in the Indian mainland region. Reliable communication support when all other conventional means fail.

� Communication support during disaster like flood, earthquake etc. � Fax and data communication support.


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4.2. SEQUENTIALLY ROTATED MULTILAYER STACKED PATCH

BROADBAND ARRAY ANTENNA

Figure 4.2.A: Blue print of Sequentially Rotated Multilayer Stacked Patch Broadband Array Antenna

This antenna has been used in MSS TYPE – D Terminal.

The features of this antenna are listed below…

� It has EM coupled stacked patch for broadband.

� It uses dual edge fed method for circular polarization.

� Corporate feed network using T power divider.

� Its sequential rotation helps greatly in improving the axial ratio.

� It has a gain of 15.5 dB.

� Axial ratio is less than 1 dB over -+10 degrees.

� Impedance bandwidth more than 18% at S band.

� Polarization : LHCP(Type-D) RHCP(Multimedia)

� Size: 195 x 385 x 12 mm

� Weight: 340 gm.


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COMPARISION WITH ASTRA MADE SIMILAR ANTENNA

Measured gain and axial ration for MSS Type –D terminal and its comparison with ASTRA made antennas are shown in the table listed below… Sl No Freq (GHz) Required Gain

(db)

ASTRA Make Gain(db) SAC Make Gain

(db)

1 2.50 15.5 15.56 15.44

2 2.51 15.5 16.41 15.63

3 2.52 15.5 16.10 15.63

4 2.67 15.5 15.34 16.30

5 2.68 15.5 15.69 16.43

6 2.69 15.5 15.88 16.37

Table: Measured gain of SAC and ASTRA made antenna.

Comparison of its axial ratio with Astra made similar antenna is as listed below…

Table: Measured axial ratio of SAC and ASTRA made antenna.


25

4.3. BROADBAND MULTILAYER PRINTED ANTENNA

Figure 4.3.A: Blue print of Broadband Multilayer Printed Antenna

Space Applications Centre of Indian Space Research Organisation at Ahmedabad has developed multilayer printed antenna technology and delivered antenna for various ISRO's projects. The salient feature of this antenna includes light weight structure, can be made conformal to the surface, computer controlled automated fixture for aligning layers, inspection of layers and bonding of layers.

There is an ever increasing demand of multilayer printed antenna from mobile communication to very sophisticated space qualified active phased array antenna systems.


26

The design includes the usage new type of light weight low dielectric constant material for high radiation efficiency, low surface wave propagation, low cross polar suppression. The development include fixture capable of performing surface roughness using laser, inspection of PCB, high speed drilling, vacuum bagging for bonding all the antenna layers and vacuum gripping for pick and place.

It can also be used for the fleet monitoring system. It has inbuilt GPS system installed in it. The return loss for this antenna is better than 15 db. The axial ratio is better than 3 db. Peak gain is 7 db at bore sight and it is left hand circularly polarized.

Figure 4.2.B: Broadband Multilayer Printed Antenna

SALIENT SPECIFICATIONS OF BROADBAND MULTILAYER PRINTED ANTENNA

Salient specification of Broadband multilayer printed antenna array is listed in the table below…

Broadband multilayer printed antenna

Antenna Type

Planar

Cross Polarization

Better Than -30 dB

Beam width and Gain As per specification (efficiency better than 60 %)

Bandwidth

up to 40 % (2:1 VSWR)

Polarization

LHCP

Return Loss Better than 15 dB

Frequency Rx: 2.50-2.52GHz

Tx: 2.67-2.69GHz

Axial Ratio Less than 2.1 dB

Peak Gain 7.4 dBi at both band


27

Other important features of this antenna are ….

� Dual stacked patch for wideband

� Dual edge fed patch

� Wilkinson power divider for improvement in axial ratio

APPLICATION OF BROADBAND MULTILAYER PRINTED ANTENNA

� Mobile Communication � MSS Type C and D � GPS and GPR � Fleet Monitoring system


28

4.4. DISTRESS ALERT TRANSMITTER

Figure 4.4.A: Distress Alert Transmitter

Space Applications Centre of Indian Space Research Organisation at Ahmadabad has developed Distress Alert Transmitter (DAT) which can be used to transmit emergency conditions and position location to central HUB station for rescue operation. It can be installed in boats or other vehicles. DAT combines the message with position of the boat obtained through GPS, and transmits the same to a central HUB station via UHF transponder of INSAT. Distress message along with position, received at HUB can be used to mount quick rescue operation.

DISTRESS ALERT TANSMITTER SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

� The transmitter is meant for emergency message communication for fishermen, going deep into the sea.

� Operates through Data Relay Transponder of INSAT Satellite in the frequency band of 402.65 to 402.85 MHz and has over Indian Ocean and beyond.

� Transmit power , 5W � Uses Quadrifilar helix antenna, having hemi spherical coverage, suitable for operation from

fishing vessel. � BPSK modulation � Forward Error Correction channel coding (RS) � Transmission Rate, 600sps � Data validation through cyclic Redundancy code (CRC) � Transmission Protocol: Once activated, transmits in random mode, every 1- minute for 5 minutes

and then once every 5 minutes. � Package suitable for marine environment and floatable. � Reception from INSAT 3A through 2.4m antenna in Extended C-band � Displays time of activation, Boat ID, type of emergency and position of boat along with audio

alarm at receive Hub-station � Also display location on map(GIS)


29

Figure 4.4.B: DAT System description

DISTRESS ALERT TANSMITTER FEATURES

� Inbuilt GPS to give position, time & information � Low cost and affordable to fishermen � Test transmission facility � Uses Omni directional antenna, suitable for fishing fleet � Uses lithium primary battery (7,2v/3.2AH) � Floatable � Transmits once every minutes for first 5 minutes and then after once in 5 minutes in Random

Aloha mode � Transmits type or emergencies like :

� Fire � Boat sinking � Man overboard � Medical health on manual activation


30

4.5. SPIRAL QUADRIFILAR HELIX ANTENNA AT UHF BAND

Figure 4.5: DAT and Spiral quadrifilar Helix antenna.

This antenna has been widely used in Distress Alert Transmitter technology discussed above.

Following are its renowned features:

� It is compact in size for omnidirectional pattern.

� It is spiral in shape and that gives better Front to back ratio.

� It uses self-phasing method for circular polarization

� It has two bifilar helical loop in a mutually orthogonal on a common axis.

DISTRESS ALERT TANSMITTER MEASURED PERFORMANCE

� Gain - 4.52 db � Return Loss – Better than 17 db � Axial Ratio – Better than 3 db � Front to back ratio – Better than 12 db


31

5. MARKET SURVEY PLAN AND IT’S EXECUTION

Every survey should have its objective. Without any objective, market survey conducted and its result

will have no meaning. Following are the list of objectives that we identified before going live with this

survey.

� To communicate with the industry about the antennas and terminals developed at SAC and their applications.

� To analyze if the industry is ready to accept these technologies. � To identify suitable companies for technology transfer and joint collaboration

In order to achieve these objectives a combination of “Questionnaire” and “Personal Interview” was employed. Once the objective was clear we divided our Market survey plan into various stages. These stages were … 1. Understanding the technologies 2. Questionnaire design and refinement 3. Identifying organizations for survey 4. Data collection 5. Survey Analysis 6. Conclusion and recommendations

5.1 UNDERSTANDING THE TECHNOLOGIES This is the most important part for any market survey to be successful because a good understanding is essential for the following

� Understanding the basics of antennas. � Communicating effectively with the industry regarding the technologies. � Preparation of supporting materials like brochures, presentations and questionnaires. � Create awareness about the applications of the newly developed antennas.

MATERIAL PREPARED FOR THE SURVEY The following material were prepared as tools to aid in this survey

� A brochure for all three antennas respectively � Posters for all antennas and respective terminals.

Both these tools will help the respondents to understand the technologies better, thereby facilitating better responses.


32

5.2 QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGN AND REFINEMENT

5.2.1 QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGN

A good questionnaire should not be too lengthy. Simple English should be used and the question shouldn’t be difficult to answer. A good questionnaire requires sensible language, editing, assessment, and redrafting. The important steps for designing an effective questionnaire are given below

1. State the information required This will depend upon the nature of the problem, the purpose of the study and hypothesis framed. The target audience must be concentrated on.

2. State the kind of interviewing technique

Interviewing method can be telephone, mails, personal interview or electronic interview. Telephonic interview can be computer assisted. Personal interview can be conducted at respondent’s place or at mall or shopping place. Mail interview can take the form of mail panel. Electronic interview takes place either through electronic mails or through the internet.

3. Decide the matter/content of individual questions

There are two deciding factors for this.

a. Is the question significant? - Observe contribution of each question. Does the question contribute for the objective of the study?

b. Is there a need for several questions or a single question? - Several questions are asked in the following cases:

• When there is a need for cross-checking • When the answers are ambiguous • When people are hesitant to give correct information.

4. Overcome the respondents’ inability and unwillingness to answer

The respondents may be unable to answer the questions because of following reasons- • The respondent may not be fully informed • The respondent may not remember • He may be unable to express or articulate

5. The respondent may be unwilling to answer due to – • There may be sensitive information which may cause embarrassment or harm the respondent’s image. • The respondent may not be familiar with the genuine purpose • The question may appear to be irrelevant to the respondent • The respondent will not be willing to reveal traits like aggressiveness

6. To overcome the respondent’s unwillingness to answer: • Place the sensitive topics at the end of the questionnaire • Preface the question with a statement • Use the third person technique (For example - Hari needed a job badly and he used wrong means to get it - Is it right?? Different people will have different opinions depending upon the situation) • Categorize the responses rather than asking a specific response figure (For example -


33

Group for income levels 0-25000, 25000-50000, 50000 and above)

7. Decide on the structure of the question

Questions can be of two types: � Structured questions- These specify the set of response alternatives and the response format.

These can be classified into multiple choice questions (having various response categories), dichotomous questions (having only 2 response categories such as “Yes” or “No”) and scales (discussed already).

� Unstructured questions- These are also known as open-ended question. No alternatives are suggested and the respondents are free to answer these questions in any way they like.

8. Determine the question language/phrasing

If the questions are poorly worded, then either the respondents will refuse to answer the question or they may give incorrect answers. Thus, the words of the question should be carefully chosen. Ordinary and unambiguous words should be used. Avoid implicit assumptions, generalizations and implicit alternatives. Avoid biased questions. Define the issue in terms of who the questionnaire is being addressed to, what information is required, when is the information required, why the question is being asked, etc.

9. Properly arrange the questions

To determine the order of the question, take decisions on aspects like opening questions (simple, interesting questions should be used as opening questions to gain co-operation and confidence of respondents), type of information (Basic information relates to the research issue, classification information relates to social and demographic characteristics, and identification information relates to personal information such as name, address, contact number of respondents), difficult questions (complex, embarrassing, dull and sensitive questions could be difficult), effect on subsequent questions, logical sequence, etc.

10. Recognize the form and layout of the questionnaire This is very essential for self-administered questionnaire. The questions should be numbered and pre-coded. The layout should be such that it appears to be neat and orderly, and not clattered.

11. Reproduce the questionnaire Paper quality should be good. Questionnaire should appear to be professional. The required space for the answers to the question should be sufficient. The font type and size should be appropriate. Vertical response questions should be used, for example: Do you use brand X of shampoo? • Yes • No

12. Pre-test the questionnaire The questionnaire should be pre-tested on a small number of respondents to identify the likely problems and to eliminate them. Each and every dimension of the questionnaire should be pre-tested. The sample respondents should be similar to the target respondents of the survey.

13. Finalize the questionnaire Check the final draft questionnaire. Ask yourself how much will the information obtained from each question contribute to the study. Make sure that irrelevant questions are not asked. Obtain feedback of the respondents on the questionnaire.


34

5.2.2 QUESTIONNAIRE PREPARED FOR ANTENNAS DEVELOPED BY ISRO. Single questionnaire was prepared for the purpose of surveying the respondents. The questionnaire was designed in such a way that it

� Tests the awareness of the respondent regarding the Indigenous satellite communication technologies and their applications

� Test whether the respondents are aware that ISRO develops these technologies

� Finds out whether they are interested in accepting a technology transfer from ISRO

� Finds out whether they want to enter into a joint collaboration with ISRO

� Finds out the reasons behind their decisions.

� Finds out the markets in which they would like to market these technologies.

5.2.3 REFINEMENT

Once the questionnaire design was completed it was refined through the following stages � By interviewing scientists inside SAC and incorporating their feedback.

� By interviewing the local industries and incorporating their suggestions.

The final questionnaire is available in Appendix III.


35

5.3 IDENTIFYING ORGANIZATIONS FOR CONDUCTING SURVEY Objective The objective was to identify suitable companies who will be not only interested in the technologies developed at SAC but also possess the required capabilities to market them in India. Methodology This was carried out in the following stages

� Compiling a database of organizations in the required business domains

� Defining the company qualifying criteria

� Short listing the organizations based on criteria

� Contacting organizations for Interview

Compiling a database of organizations in the required business domains: For this, organizations in the following domains of business were considered

� Satellite communication equipment manufacturers

� Microwave and RF communication equipment manufacturers

Defining the company qualifying criteria A host of qualifying criteria was defined to shortlist the organizations from the database. These criteria were applied to the existing database and only those organizations which satisfied those criteria were shortlisted. Given below are the qualifying criteria used to select the companies.

� Market presence and capability

� Domain of the business

� Organization must have manufacturing capability

Short listing the companies based on criteria Above listed qualifying criterion were applied to the existing databases and the companies satisfying them were shortlisted. Appendix V contains the list of short listed companies. Contacting organizations for their response The shortlisted organizations were sent the e-mail one by one. Here rather sending a single mail to all the organizations at once, each mail were sent one by one personally to all organizations. This personalized approach was necessary to create an impression among the organization that the mail has been sent personally to them. Various posters and technical specifications were attached along with the mail. The mail that was sent to all organization is available in APPENDIX II . The Posters that were sent as attachment is available in APPENDIX IV Immediately after sending the mail calls have been made to the concerned company to make them aware about the mail, its content and purpose. Thereafter started the continuous contact with these organizations answering their query, and clearing other reservations. And soon the response started to come our way.


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5.4 SURVEY ANALYSIS

Out of many companies contacted we received the response from 8 companies. Their

responses for various questions are as follows.

� Select the antenna about which you have heard before?

- 75% of the companies have not heard about these antennas before.

Figure 5.4.1: Percentage of respondents who have heard about any of these antennas.

� Are you aware of the fact that ISRO is involved in the development of these antennas?

- 75 % of the companies are not aware of the fact that ISRO is involved with the

development of these antennas.

Figure 5.4.2: Percentage of respondents who were aware that ISRO was involved in the development of

these technologies


37

� Are you aware of the application of these antennas?

- A whopping 88% of the respondents are not aware of the application of these antennas.

Figure 5.4.3: Percentage of respondents who were not aware of the application of these antennas

� Are you aware of the market segment for these antennas?

- A whopping 88% of the respondents are not aware of the market segment of these

antennas.

Figure 5.4.4: Percentage of respondents who were not aware of the market segment of these

antennas.


38

� Are you interested to enter into a joint collaboration with SAC for developing these antennas

further?

- 63 % of the companies surveyed are not interested in joint collaboration with ISRO to

develop these antennas.

- 37% of the companies surveyed are interested in joint collaboration with ISRO to

develop these antennas.

Figure 5.4.5: Percentage of respondents who are interested to enter into joint collaboration with

ISRO

� Are you interested in getting the technical know-how from SAC for the following antennas?

- 62 % of the companies surveyed are interested in technology transfer from ISRO.

- 38 of the companies surveyed are not interested in technology transfer from ISRO.

Figure 5.4.6: Percentage of respondents who are interested for technology transfer from ISRO


39

� No of organizations interested for technology transfer of various antennas.

- 3 organization were interested for the technology transfer of MSS Type – D terminal

- 5 organization were interested for the technology transfer of Broadband multilayer

Printed antenna.

- 1 organization was interested for the technology transfer of Distress Alert transmitter

Figure 5.4.7: No of organizations interested for technology transfer for various antennas

� Reason for not going for the technology transfer of these antennas.

- Those who preferred not to go for the technology transfer 67 % said they outsource the

required antenna.

- Those who preferred not to go for the technology transfer 33 % said they have similar

technology.

Figure 5.4.8: Reason for not going for the technology transfer from ISRO.


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� Other Information sought about these three antennas.

- 20 percent of the respondent wanted to know about the cost of technology transfer to

go for technology transfer further.

- Remaining 80 % of the respondents wanted to know market segment, cost of

technology transfer and cost of manufacturing to go for Technology transfer further.

Figure 5.4.9: Other information sought about these antennas

� If ISRO will provide you other antennas at cheaper cost and better efficiency, will you consider

ISRO for other antennas too?

- 75 percent of the respondents were ready to consider ISRO for other antennas too if

ISRO can provide it at cheaper cost

- 25 percent of the respondents were not ready to consider ISRO for other antennas too if

ISRO can provide it at cheaper cost

Figure 5.4.10: Percentage of respondent eager to consider ISRO if they provide other antennas at

cheaper cost.


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6. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Based on the above analysis the following conclusion and subsequent recommendation can be

made.

� Most of the organizations have never heard about these new antennas neither aware of the

fact that ISRO is involved in the development of these antennas.

- Constant public campaigns and advertisements can help to increase the visibility about

new products developed by ISRO

- Constant communications with various antenna industry can also help is this matter.

� Quite a large no. of the organizations was not aware of the applications of these antennas.

- ISRO can request the people from various antenna companies to visit their campus and

show the live application of these antennas.

� Market segment was still unclear.

- Baring one, others companies are in dilemma of what market segment these antennas

will have. Few companies such as Twin Antennas and Anand Technologies have said

they will conduct the market survey of their own to find the market segment for these

antennas. ISRO can contact them later to find out more about the market segment

available for these antennas.

- The technology of these antennas has already been transferred to few companies.

These companies are VXL, Avantech etc. I was not able to get any response from these

companies. ISRO can contact these companies later to know more about its market

segment.

� Positive response for Technology Transfer :

In spite of slight ignorance about these new antennas, many organizations have shown their keen

interest for the technology transfer. The positive response from the private industry for both the technology transfer and also the joint collaborations tells us that the industry is showing good interest for marketing this technology. Once commercialized, this will not only benefit the private players but also the society as a whole because all its applications are directed towards the society. Of the contacted organizations, the most promising ones are:

• Twin Antennas • Sumeru Microwave Communications Pvt Ltd. • Synergy Telecom Pvt Ltd. • Kenstel Communication • Wilcom Pvt Limited

Twin Antennas, Synergy telecom Pvt Ltd and Kenstel communication have already contacted the concerned person in TTID department to get the process forward for technology transfer � All these organizations have the required technical expertise, manpower, financial resources. � They are already in process to find out the customer base for such technology � Kenstel Communication have already confirmed their desire to go for the technology transfer of MSS

Type – D terminal and Distress Alert Transmitter.


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� SAC can provide the technical know-how to the above mentioned organizations. � These organizations have all the necessary criteria to successfully manufacture and market these

technologies.


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APPENDIX I – LIST OF FIGURES

Fig No. Fig Name Page No

1 A painting of Michael Faraday 13

2 Global Antenna current market and its forecast

15

4.1.A MSS Type D Terminal 19

4.1.B Working of MSS TYPE – D Terminal. 20

4.2.A Blue print of Sequentially Rotated Multilayer Stacked

Patch Broadband Array Antenna

23

4.3.A Blue print of Broadband Multilayer Printed Antenna 25

4.3.B Broadband Multilayer Printed Antenna

26

4.4.A Distress Alert Transmitter 28

4.4.B DAT System description 29

4.5 DAT and Spiral quadrifilar Helix antenna. 30

5.4.1 Percentage of respondents who have heard about any of

these antennas 36

5.4.2 Percentage of respondents who were aware that ISRO

was involved in the development of these technologies 36

5.4.3 Percentage of respondents who were not aware of the

application of these antennas 37

5.4.4 Percentage of respondents who were not aware of the

market segment of these antennas.

37

5.4.5 Percentage of respondents who are interested to enter

into joint collaboration with ISRO

38

5.4.6 Percentage of respondents who are interested for

technology transfer from ISRO

38

5.4.7 No of organizations interested for technology transfer for

various antennas 39

5.4.8 Reason for not going for the technology transfer from

ISRO. 39

5.4.9 Other information sought about these antennas 40

5.4.10 Percentage of respondent eager to consider ISRO if they

provide other antennas at cheaper cost.

40


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APPENDIX II – E-MAIL SENT TO VARIOUS ORGANIZATION

SUBJECT: Space Application centre, ISRO is willing to work with you. Are you?

Dear Sir

We at Space Application centre, ISRO, Ahmedabad have developed three antennas.

ISRO is willing to offer the know–how of this technology to entrepreneurs / industries in India.

Please find attached the pdf files that contain the brief introduction about these new antennas.

Once you have gone through the detail of these new antennas please complete the small survey which will enable us to know your opinion and response about these antennas. There are two ways you can send your response. Select the one that is preferable for you.

1. By downloading the questionnaire.doc, fill in the detail and sent it back to the same email id through which you have received the mail.

2. Click on this link and take the survey.https://spreadsheets.google.com/spreadsheet/viewform?formkey=dDZRck9yLWViOWU4djhIN2VLQ0xZU2c6MQ

We at ISRO value your time and extend our heartfelt THANKS for your response in advance.

In case you need any more clarification you can reach me @ 09980523448 or contact Mr. Y.P. Rana at @

Y.P Rana Head, Technology Transfer and Industry Division Space Application Centre, ISRO Department of Space, Govt of India Ambawadi Vlstar P.O., Jodhpur Tekra Ahmedabad - 380015 Email - [email protected] Phone - 079 - 26913322/55

Thank you very much for your valuable time.

Abhishek

Trainee, ISRO


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APPENDIX III – QUESTIONAIRRE

Your response for new antenna technologies developed by Space application centre, ISRO

Space Application Center, ISRO have developed three latest antennas. The details about these antennas have been attached with the email. Please fill in your response here. It won’t take more than 5 minute of your time. We appreciate your support and help for the same.

* Required

1. Select the antenna about which you have heard before. *

Sequentially Rotated Multilayer stacked patch array antenna (MSS Type –D terminal)

Broadband multilayer printed antenna (CAL-VAL project- Trans-Receive terminal)

Spiral quadrifilar helix antenna (Distress alert transmitter)

None

Please provide the source, if possible from where you have heard about these antennas

2. Are you aware of the fact that ISRO is involved in the development of these antennas? *

Yes

No

3. Are you aware of the application of these antennas? *

Yes

No


46

4. Rate the below application for these antennas on a scale of 1 to 51 being least important 5 being most important.

1 2 3 4 5

Defense

Telecommunication

Video Conferencing

Rural

Telecommunication

Rescue operation

Fleet Monitoring

Emergency

5. Please select the antenna for which you would be keen to get the technical get how or technology transfer from SAC, ISRO . *




None

6. Please select the antenna for which you would be keen to enter into a joint collaboration with SAC, ISRO . *




None

7. If your response to both question no 5 and 6 is NONE please specify the reason.

Insufficient fund

Insufficient manpower

Lack of required expertise


47

Already have similar antenna.

Doesn’t fit to our product line

Other:

8. According to you what are the market segment available for these three antennas?

9. Kindly mention any additional information you need or any additional feature you like to see in these antennas

10. Apart from these three antennas do you require any other type of antenna? *

Yes

No

11. Do you outsource/import antennas from other companies? *

Yes

No

12. If your answer to the question # 10 or question #11 is Yes, will you consider ISRO for these antennas if we will provide it at cheaper cost with better efficiency? (If yes please provide the details such as frequency ,polarization ,etc of the needed antenna or else move to question 13 )

Yes

No

Frequency


48

Polarization

Gain

Size

Weight

Cost

Any Other Details :

13. Please provide your name *

Name of your organization *

Your designation

Contact number

Email address


49

Your company website address (www.XYZ.com )

How long your organization has been in this field

Less than5 years

5-10 years

10-15 years

Greater than 15 years


50

APPENDIX IV – POSTERS

1. MSS TYPE – D TERMINALS


51


52

2. BROADBAND MULTILAYER PRINTED ANTENNA


53


54

3. Distress Alert Transmitter


55


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APPENDIX V – LIST OF VARIOUS ANTENNAS COMPANIES SELECTED

Sl No Name Location website

1. MCBS Ahmedabad www.mcbsintl.com

2. Sumeru Microwave Communications Pvt

Ltd.

Ahmedabad www.sumerugroup.com

3. Astra Microwave product Limited Hyderabad www.astramwp.com

4. Twin Antennas vadodara www.twin-antennas.com

5. Rapidradio Solutions Private Ltd Ahmedabad www.rapidradio.co.in

6. Verdant Telemetry Cochin www.verdanttelemetry.com

7. Anand Technologies Bangalore

8. M/S ENERTECH COMNET PVT. LTD. Hyderabad

9. Comsat Systems Private Limited Hyderabad www.comsatsystems.co.in

10. Srinar electronics pvt ltd Chennai www.srinar.com

11. Telimart Bangalore www.telimart.net

12. Lambda group Gurgaon www.lambdagroup.co.in

13. SGR Technologies Hyderabad www.sgrtelemart.com

14. Kenstel communication Haryana www.kenstel.com

15. Pantagone Satellite Bhopal

16. Space Telecom Delhi www.spacetelecom.in

17. ESSEL SHYAM TECHNOLOGIES LTD Noida www.esselshyam.net

18. Microqual Techno P Ltd Mumbai www.microqual.com

19 Sesami Solutions Chennai www.sesami.in

20 Wilcom Pvt. Ltd Mumbai www.wilcom.co.in

21 Synergy Telecom PVt LTD. Delhi www.synergytpl.com


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APPENDIX VI – ANTENNA TERMINOLOGY

Antenna efficiency: Fraction of the radiated power to the power put into antenna. Ideal perfectly matched lossless antenna has efficiency of 1 (or 100%).

Antenna Gain: Antenna gain is a measure of directivity properties and the efficiency of the antenna. It is defined as the ratio of the radiation intensity in the peak intensity direction to the intensity that would be obtained if the power accepted by the antenna were radiated isotropically. The difference between the antenna gain and the directivity is that the antenna efficiency is taken into account in the former parameter. Antenna gain is measured in dBi, i.e. decibels relative to isotropic antenna.

Antenna Impedance: Ratio of voltage to current at antenna input.

Antenna polarization: Polarization is the orientation of the electric field vector component of the electromagnetic field. In line-of-sight communications it is important that transmitting and receiving antennas have the same polarization (horizontal, vertical or circular). In non-line-of-sight the received signal undergoes multiple reflections which change the wave polarization randomly.

Amplified antenna: Antenna equipped with the radio frequency amplifier to improve antenna sensitivity to weak signals.

Bandwidth: Antenna bandwidth is the frequency range within which the antenna performance meet specifications.

Beam width: Directional antennas have a radiation intensity peak in the particular direction. Beam width is the angular distance between the points on two opposite sides of the peak direction where the radiation intensity drops to the half of the peak intensity.

dBi: Decibels relative to an isotropic antenna. Units of antenna gain.

Directional antenna: Antenna having a preference for a particular direction and radiating (receiving) a signal more efficiently in (from) this direction than in other directions.

Directivity: Directivity is a measure of how strongly the antenna favors the particular direction of its maximum transmission (reception) sensitivity comparing to other directions. More specifically, it is defined as the ratio of the radiation intensity in the peak intensity direction to the averaged radiation intensity in all other directions.

Front-to-back (F/B) ratio: Another parameter measuring antenna directivity defined as the ratio of the peak radiation intensity in the "front" direction to the radiation intensity at 180 degrees behind the point ("back" direction).


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Isotropic antenna: Antenna transmitting (receiving) equal radiation in (from) all directions. Isotropic antenna is a hypothetical idealized device that does not exist in reality. It is usually taken as a reference when measuring directivity of actual realizable antennas.

Noise figure: Signal-to-noise ratio degradation in antenna amplifier. Amplifier noise figure should be as low as possible.

Omnidirectional antenna: Antenna transmitting (receiving) equal radiation in (from) all horizontal directions. A typical example is a whip antenna. Whip antenna's radiation power is distributed equally in all directions in a plane perpendicular to the whip.

UHF: Ultra High Frequency (UHF) band. TV channels 14 to 69 are transmitted in UHF band in frequency range 470-806 MHz.

VHF: Very High Frequency (VHF) band. TV channels 2 to 13 are transmitted in VHF band in frequency range 54-72 MHz, 76-88 MHz, 174-216 MHz.

VSWR (or SWR): Voltage Standing Wave Ratio is the ratio of the maximum to minimum voltage on the antenna feeding line. Standing wave pattern is created on the feeding line when the impedance match is not perfect and a fraction of the power put into antenna is reflected back and not radiated. For perfectly impedance matched antenna the VSWR is 1:1.


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REFERENCES

� Balanis, Constantine. "Antenna Theory: A Review", Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 80, January

1992.

� W2AEE Antenna History. Arthur M. Kay (?), scanned by Alan Crosswell.

http://www.w2aee.columbia.edu/history/antenna-history.html

� www.antenna-theory.com

� www.isro.gov.in

� http://www.ciol.com/Technology/Networking/News-Reports/Active-segment-pushes-antenna-

market/148287/0/

� www.abiresearch.com

� http://www.bccresearch.com

� http://voicendata.ciol.com

� http://www.hdtvantennalabs.com

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