100 YEARS SELF INSURANCE - California Department INSURANCE LYN ASIO BOOZ, CHIEF ... SECURITY...

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1 100 YEARS OF SELFINSURANCE LYN ASIO BOOZ, CHIEF 916 464 7000 [email protected] First selfinsurance certificate holders: Pacific Electric Railway Company Peninsular Railway Company Silver, Burdett and Ginn, Inc. Fresno Traction Company Stockton Electric Railroad Company Pacific Lumber Company ** Limoneira Company Standard Oil Company Pacific Gas and Electric Hexcel Corporation Southern California Edison Company H.G. Lacey Company Llewellyn Iron Works Baker Iron Works Weed Lumber Company American Steel & Wire Company Sierra & S.F. Power Company American Can Company ** Great Western Power Company Mountain Copper Co., LTD Iron Mountain Railway Company Butters Divisadero Company General Electric Company Alaska Packers Association Goodrich Rubber Tire, The B.F. San Diego Electric Railway Company San Diego & Coronado Ferry Company Pajaro Valley Cons. R.R. Co. Spreckels Sugar Company J.D. & A.B. Spreckels Securities Co. SELF INSURANCE IN CALIFORNIA 1918

Transcript of 100 YEARS SELF INSURANCE - California Department INSURANCE LYN ASIO BOOZ, CHIEF ... SECURITY...

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100 YEARS OFSELF‐INSURANCE

LYN  ASIO  BOOZ,  CHIEF

916 ‐464 ‐7000

[email protected]

First self‐insurance certificate holders:◦ Pacific Electric Railway Company

◦ Peninsular Railway Company

◦ Silver, Burdett and Ginn, Inc.

◦ Fresno Traction Company

◦ Stockton Electric Railroad Company

◦ Pacific Lumber Company **

◦ Limoneira Company

◦ Standard Oil Company

◦ Pacific Gas and Electric

◦ Hexcel Corporation

◦ Southern California Edison Company

◦ H.G. Lacey Company

◦ Llewellyn Iron Works

◦ Baker Iron Works

◦ Weed Lumber Company

◦ American Steel & Wire Company

◦ Sierra & S.F. Power Company

◦ American Can Company **

◦ Great Western Power Company

◦ Mountain Copper Co., LTD

◦ Iron Mountain Railway Company

◦ Butters Divisadero Company

◦ General Electric Company

◦ Alaska Packers Association

◦ Goodrich Rubber Tire, The B.F.

◦ San Diego Electric Railway Company

◦ San Diego & Coronado Ferry Company

◦ Pajaro Valley Cons. R.R. Co.

◦ Spreckels Sugar Company

◦ J.D. & A.B. Spreckels Securities Co.

SELF‐INSURANCE IN CALIFORNIA ‐ 1918

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PUBLIC ENTITIES:◦ County

◦ City

◦ City and County

◦ Municipal Corporation

◦ Public District

◦ Public Agency

◦ Any political subdivision of the State, including JPA

PUBLIC ENTITY SELF‐INSURANCE IN CALIFORNIA

1994 ‐Authorization for groups to be self‐insured

1995 –

Open rating = low rates

2002 –

Formation of first Group –

Auto Dealers Compensation of California

2017 ‐

24 Active Self‐Insured Groups

GROUP SELF‐INSURANCE

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SELF‐INSURANCE IN CALIFORNIA AS OF 2016

4.4 Million CA Workers Protected (2015: 4.25 M)4,443,175

$224.5 Billion of Payroll (2015: $212.8 BB)$224,495,511,294

266,030 Total Open Claims (2015: 272,375)

Employees◦ Private: 2.38 Million Employees 

◦ Public: 2.07 Million Employees

PRIVATE v. PUBLICSELF‐INSURED EMPLOYERS

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Payroll◦ Private: $100.4 BB

◦ Public: $124.1 BB

PRIVATE v. PUBLICSELF‐INSURED EMPLOYERS

Reserves◦ Private: 4.9 BB

◦ Public: 8 BB

PRIVATE v. PUBLICSELF‐INSURED EMPLOYERS

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Open claims◦ Private: 85,563

◦ Public: 180,467

PRIVATE v. PUBLICSELF‐INSURED EMPLOYERS

Average Reserves per Claim◦ Private: $57,114

◦ Public: $44,140

PRIVATE v. PUBLICSELF‐INSURED EMPLOYERS

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Injury rate◦ Private: 3.3 %

◦ Public: 5.6%

PRIVATE v. PUBLICSELF‐INSURED EMPLOYERS

Employees◦ All Private: 2,374,484

◦ Individual: 2,072,474

◦ Groups: 302,010

INDIVIDUAL v. GROUPPRIVATE SELF‐INSURERS

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Payroll◦ All Private: $100.4 BB ($100,367,144,457)

◦ Individual: $95 BB ($95,079,628,413)

◦ Groups: $5,3 BB ($5,287,516,044)

INDIVIDUAL v. GROUPPRIVATE SELF‐INSURERS

Estimated Future Liabilities◦ All Private: $4.9 BB ($4,886,865,298)

◦ Individual: $4.7 BB ($4,720,936,939)

◦ Groups: $166 Million ($165,928,359)

INDIVIDUAL v. GROUPPRIVATE SELF‐INSURERS

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Open Claims◦ All Private: 85,563

◦ Individual: 80,308

◦ Groups: 5,255

INDIVIDUAL v. GROUPPRIVATE SELF‐INSURERS

Average Reserves per Open Claim◦ All Private: $57,114

◦ Individual: $58,785

◦ Groups: $31,575

INDIVIDUAL v. GROUPPRIVATE SELF‐INSURERS

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TREND – PRIVATE EMPLOYERS• 2014: 3.49%

• 2015: 3.35%

• 2016: 3.30%Injury Rate

• 2014: 93,850

• 2015: 90,382

• 2016: 85,563

Open indemnity claims

• 2014: $5.45BB

• 2015: $5.20 BB

• 2016: $4.89 BBReserves

TREND – PUBLIC EMPLOYERS• 2013/2014: 4.80%

• 2014/2015: 5.77%

• 2015/2016: 5.60%Injury Rate

• 2013/2014: 178,788

• 2014/2015: 181,993

• 2015/2016: 180,467

Open indemnity claims

• 2013/2014: $7.65 BB

• 2014/2015: $7.84 BB

• 2015/2016: $7.97 BBReserves

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NEW PRIVATE SELF‐INSURERS

PROGRAM INTEGRITY

Strict Underwriting CriteriaCredit RatingFinancial Statements for the past 3 years Loss History or Actuarial Study for the past 3 yearsOrganizational Chart

Financial Evaluation and AuditsAnnually

Credit Risk Monitoring/StandardsAll year round

Strict Collateral Requirements100% posting

Checks and BalancesDual Monitoring (OSIP & SISF)Office and field Claims Audits Independent ActuariesActuarial Level I & II Peer reviews

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APPLICATION PROCESS –PRIVATE SELF‐INSURED EMPLOYERSMASTER CERTIFICATE HOLDER

Credit Rating

Financial Statements (past 3 years)

Loss History or actuarial study

ASP Participation Determination

21‐Day Application Approval

APPLICATION PROCESS –PRIVATE SELF‐INSURED EMPLOYERS 

SUBSIDIARIES/AFFILIATES

•Interim Certificate – incomplete applications

•Permanent Certificate of Consent to Self‐Insure issued upon– completion of application

– submission of all required documents and application fee

•Master Certificate holder must demonstrate:– Continuing financial capacity

– Ability to guarantee the payment of any compensation due

– Subsidiary or affiliate being added does not represent more than 50% of the annual payroll of existing self‐insured

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SECURITY DEPOSITPRIVATE SELF‐INSURERS

•Initial deposit– 60% of the one‐year average incurred liability based on the prior 3 years’ incurred liability, OR

– Higher amount approved by the Director

•Security deposit form:– Surety bond

– Letter of credit

– Approved securities

– Cash/CD

– Combination

ASP PARTICIPATION

•Credit‐based: “A” or “B” rating– Moody’s Investor Service

– S&P

– Fitch Ratings

– Equivalent Ratings

•Full Participation– No security deposit with OSIP

– Payment of Assessments to Self‐Insurers’ Security Fund

•Partial Participation– Partial security deposit with OSIP

– Payment of Assessments to Self‐Insurers’ Security Fund

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EFL/Actuarially determined deposit = $1M

Excluded Employers:o Post full amount of deposit with OSIP

o + Assessment with SISF of $3,300

Partially Participating Employers, 50% participationo Post $500,000 with OSIP

o SISF collateralizes $500,000

o + Assessment of $11,939.50 with SISF

Fully Participating Employers:

o SISF collateralizes $1M

o Assessment of anywhere from $1,350 (very good credit rating) to $13,088 (lower end of credit rating with full participation in the ASP)

ASP PARTICIPATIONSAMPLE CASE

SELF‐INSURED EMPLOYER’S OBLIGATIONS

Submission of current, certified, independently audited financial statement

Submission of Annual Report

Submission of Actuarial Study and Summary

Maintenance of security deposit

Submit to routine claim audits by the OSIP Audit Team

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SECURITY DEPOSIT CALCULATION

ACTUARIAL METHOD

ALTERNATIVE METHOD

ESTABLISHED BY THE CHIEF

ACTUARIAL METHOD

Qualified, independent actuarial studyo Reserves set by Claims Administrator

o Loss History

o Undiscounted actuarial central estimate including:o IBNR

o ALAE

o ULAE

o Case reserves (gross and net of excess)

No requirement to file an actuarial study or summary if either:◦ 10 files or fewer claims, or

◦ Less than $1M of total EFL

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Estimated Future Liabilities from Annual Report

X

1.85 or higher

ALTERNATIVE METHOD

ESTABLISHED BY THE CHIEF

•CCR Section 15209(a)(1) – lack of actuarial study or summary– Financial and loss information available

•CCR Section 15210.1(d) – good cause including, but not limited to:– Pattern of understated EFL in an audit

– Failure to report all claims

– Poor administration of claims or payments of benefits due injured workers found in audits

– Lack of an effective safety and health program

– Impairment of financial condition

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CHECKS AND BALANCES

TPA Sets EFL

Actuarial Report uses EFL to determine 

OSIPField Claims Audits

Verify EFLActuarial Peer Audit

FIELD CLAIMS AUDIT

TYPES OF AUDIT:

Routine3‐year cycle (active and revoked)

Private self‐insured employers and groups

Revocation

Special

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ROUTINE:2‐PHASE AUDIT PROCESS

PRIVATE SELF‐INSURED EMPLOYERS AND 

SELF‐INSURED GROUPS

FREE HIGH PERFORMING SELF‐INSURED EMPLOYERS FROM FREQUENT AUDITS

STEP 1Annual review of all filed Annual ReportsIdentification of problematic and outlier reportsReview of: Claims logs and Loss Runs Injury Rate Excess Insurance Information Competence of Claims Administrators handling claims Accuracy of the Annual Reports and comparison of current annual report to previous year’s report Estimated future liabilities set by the claims administrator – global view

ROUTINE:2‐PHASE AUDIT PROCESS

STEP 2

Focused audits with random sample file selection (open claims)

Sample of closed files and claims denied within the last 12 months

Revoked employers pay for cost of audit

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REVOCATION

Discretion of Chief upon revocation of a self‐insured employer

May include all claims

Employer pays for cost of audit

SPECIAL

Any public self‐insured employer upon showing of good cause– Labor Code 3702.6(a)(c): 

• The director shall, upon a showing of good cause, order a special audit of any public self‐insured employer to determine the adequacy of estimates of future liability of claims.

– CCR Section 15403:• Pursuant to Labor Code Sections 129 and 3702.6, the Manager may order an audit of any self 

insurer or individual claim file at such reasonable times as is deemed necessary. 

Any self‐insured employer (private or public) due to complaints◦ CCR Section 15431.2(b):

◦ The Manager shall review any complaints received and may investigate the complaint, determine what benefits may be due and order payment thereof, audit the claim records of the self‐insurer or administrator, and take action to revoke the certificate or certificate to administer for cause. 

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SPECIAL

Audit due to adverse findings in a routine audit

Questions on financial strength of the employer

Employer pays audit cost

AUDIT CONCERNSCOMPETENCY/CLAIMS HANDLING

CompetencyAll claims decisions made by a person certified to administer self‐insurance claims

Employer control

Claims handlingCompliance to statutes and regulations

Duty to conduct investigation

Delivery of benefits

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AUDIT CONCERNSMAINTENANCE OF RECORDS

Recordkeeping and Maintenance of RecordsClaim logs and claim files maintained in California

CCR 15400‐15406

Claim file contents (CCR 15400) Complete

Current

Both paper and electronic files available

Electronic documents easily retrievable

*** Audit costs for revoked employers increase due to poor claims file maintenance

Claim files must be kept and maintained for a period of 5 years from date of injury or from the date of last provision of benefit, whichever is later (CCR 15400.2(a)).

Claims with future benefits cannot be destroyed

AUDIT CONCERNSMAINTENANCE OF RECORDS

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PROPER CLOSURE OF CLAIMS

PREMATURE CLOSURE OF CLAIMS

Underestimation of EFL

Actuarial Study affected

Deposit affected

Claims with future benefit entitlement:◦ Two‐year rule for closure and exception to the rule (CCR 15400.2(a))

Provision and payment of all appropriate benefits prior to closure.

Advising employee of all remedies prior to closure and providing ample time to seek remedies.

Dismissal, satisfaction or all liens.

Final judgment on all claims (multiple claims)

Keeping file open long enough to allow for petition(s) for reconsideration (awards and C&R approval).

PROPER CLOSURE OF CLAIMS

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PROPER DENIAL OF CLAIM

Improper Denial Increased Litigation

Increased EFL

Deposit Affected

Denials must state a legal, factual, or medical basis recognized by applicable law and documented in the claim file.

Employee’s waiver of benefits or withdrawal of a claim in a clearly compensable case is not a reason to deny claim.

Lack of DWC‐1 is not a good reason to deny the claim.

Lack of medical release, if not needed to decide AOE/COE, is not a good reason to deny the claim.

Claim must be fully investigated and made in good faith.

Where the claim was found to be industrial later, benefits must be provided timely after knowledge.

PROPER DENIAL OF CLAIM

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RESERVES

Change in EFLActuarial Study 

affected

Deposit affected

Components:◦ Indemnity

◦ Medical

Reserve for LC 132a, 4553, and 5814

Realistic estimate based on information documented and in the claims administrator’s possession as of end of the period of time covered by the annual report.

Estimate for the life of the claim. *** Probable total future cost, not probable future outcome 

RESERVES

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Temporary Disability◦ All probable past TD that has not been paid or is in dispute

◦ Future TD

◦ Wage loss, salary continuation, LC 4800/4850 benefits

◦ EDD benefits

Permanent Disability◦ Conflicting PD ratings = estimate based on a higher rating unless there is sufficient evidence to support lower estimate

◦ Do not wait for employee to be P&S (nature and extent of injury is such that PD is expected)

◦ Rate all body parts

◦ If apportioning, claim file must include documentation to support

RESERVES –INDEMNITY

Life Pension/Permanent Total Disability – use the most recent life expectancy table◦ Life expectancy charts: http:/www.dir.ca.gov/SIP/pubandforms.htm

◦ Reserve for COLA (3% annually)

Death Benefits◦ If no dependents, reserve for full benefits for DWD

EDD Liens

SJDBV

RESERVES –INDEMNITY

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Employee not MMI/P&S:◦ Project for the anticipated period of treatment

◦ If nature and extent is such that it is clear the employee will reasonably require a lifetime care, estimate over the employee’s life expectancy. Do not wait until the person is MMI/P&S.

◦ Flags that the employee will reasonably require lifetime care:◦ Chronic condition

◦ Catastrophic injury

◦ Type of surgery

RESERVES –MEDICAL

Employee is MMI/P&S◦ Estimate annual costs (recurring costs) and multiply by life expectancy

◦ If the employee has been P&S over 3 years, use the average annual costs for the past 3 years.

◦ If the employee has been P&S less than 3 years, annualize the cost.

◦ Review the past treatment. If it does not include any costs that can reasonably be expected to occur on an annual basis, add then to the annual cost.

◦ Add non‐recurring costs to the recurring total.◦ Surgery

◦ Diagnostic tests not done on an annual basis

◦ Future consultations

◦ DME replacements

RESERVES –MEDICAL

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Contribution issues:◦ If employer is making the payments on the claim and has contribution from another party, reserve for the full amount.

◦ If employer is contributing/reimbursing another party who is making payments,  reserve for the amount the employer is responsible for.

◦ Note: must be approved by the WCAB.

RESERVES –MEDICAL

EXCESS CREDIT

Actuarial verifies excess coverage

Audit verifies acceptance by excess carrier

All excess files must be reviewed to get proper credit (excess information only)

ProblemsDenial of excess

Partial acceptance of excess

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REGULATIONS –WHAT’S NEW

•Public Self‐insured Employers Reporting– SB 863

– Labor Code Section 3702.2(a)• Cost of administration

• Workers’ compensation benefit expenditures

• Solvency

• Performance of public self‐insured employer workers’ compensation programs

– Pre‐regulatory meetings

– Pilot of data collection

– Rulemaking

QUESTIONS?