100 Alerting-Warning 2013
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Transcript of 100 Alerting-Warning 2013
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(c) 2013 by Edy Suwondo 1
Alerting/Warning Systems
Airworthiness Requirements
25.1309 Equipment, systems, and installations.
(c) Warning information must be provided to alert the
crew to unsafe system operating conditions, and
to enable them to take appropriate correctiveaction. Systems, controls, and associated
monitoring and warning means must be designed
to minimize crew errors which could create
additional hazards.
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B737-200-Adv
B737-NG
FWC
Channel A:
-Monit. descrete
-Monit. 429 inputs
-Identify f.phase
-Gives signl to
Local &Mstr light
-Gives audio sig.
-Gives sig. to
MFDS
Channel B:Similar but no
audio sig and no
local light
Channel A & B
have different
power source
(Ess. Bus and
Critial Bus)
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Standby Annunciator Panel (SAP)
SAP backups all RED level 3 alerts and most important AMBER level 2 alerts.
SAP has audio generator for A/P disconnect cavalry charge and overspeed clacker.
When FWC operates, SAP inoperative. Dual channel FWC fail, SAP operates
(WARN-SYS light comes on). Manual operation possible (push BACK-UP button).
Warning And Indicating Light(31 53 00 2-4)
Categories according to the Funct ion: Warning lights.
Designed to alert the flight crew of unsafe conditions andact accordingly, colored red.
Caution light
These are amber in color to indicate abnormal but not
necessarily dangerous condition requiring caution, e.g.hydraulic system pressure running low.
Indicating or Advisory light
These lights, which are either green or blue, are providedto indicate that a system is operable or has assumed asafe condition .e.g. landing gear down and locked.
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ALERT LIGHTS AND PRIORITY
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Example (31 51 00 1-5)
Flight Phases Inhibitor (FPI)
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Flight
Phase
Determi-
nation
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FPI Example (31 53 00 7)
Ground Proximity Warning System
GPWS
To detect the aircraft distance to the ground
(using a radio altimeter)
Can be disengaged by pulling the circuit-
breakeror pushing flap/gear inhibit switch.
FLAP/ GEAR INHIBIT
SWITCH
Normal Flap/ Gear positionlogic for Mode 2 4Flap/Gear Inhibit turn offwarnings because Flap and L/GNOT in the LandingConfiguration
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Mode 1: Excessive Descent Rate
Mode 2: Excessive terrain closure rate
This mode monitors:
1. Airspeed
2. Altitude (radio and barometric)
3. A/C Configuration
This mode has two areas:
Area I: Aural alert TERRAINtwice,
Area II: Aural warningWHOOP WHOOP PULL UP.After leaving the PULL UParea, warning TERRAINremains if the aircraft still in theenvelope TERRAIN
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Mode 2A : If L/G and flap are not in landing position when leaving the
PULL UP area, minimum altitude is 300 ft to stop theTERRAIN warning.
Increasing Airspeed from 0.35 to 0.45 M (gear up), Mode 2gives warning until 2450 ft altitude.
Mode 2: Excessive terrain closure rate
Mode 2B :
Active when flaps in landing position.
Range from 200 ft 600 ft (depends on Baro rate).
No altitude gain required to eliminate TERRAIN warning afterPULL UP warning off.
When L/G and flap in landing configuration, PULL UP warning isoff under 700 ft altitude, only TERRAIN warning ON.
Mode 2: Excessive terrain closure rate
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Warning active if during initial climb aircraft loss altitude(descent). Applies also during go-around. Compares Baro altvs Peak alt, >10% difference warning activated.
Warning aural DONT SINK, repeated every 0.75 sec untilnormal flight condition.
Active at 50 -700 ft radio altitude and activated when aircraftdecent below 200 ft with landing (?) configuration.
Mode 3: Altitude loss after takeoff or go-around
Mode 3: Altitude loss after takeoff or go-around
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Two aural warnings (repeated every 0.75 sec):1. TOO LOW-GEAR aircraft takeoff, climb until 700 ft with L/G
(retracted) and penetrate the area with speed less than 181 kt.
2. TOO LOW-TERRAIN penetrate at speed more than 181 kt.Upper limit becomes 1000 ft.
Mode 4A Unsafe terrain clearance with
Landing Gear not down. (31 52 00 1)
Two aural warnings :
1. TOO LOW-FLAPS when landing gear (down) and flap notin landing configuration, penetration to the area at speed lessthan 149 kt.
2. TOO LOW-TERRAINpenetration to the area at speedhigher than 149 kt. Upper limit becomes 1000 ft.
Mode 4B Unsafe terrain clearance
with flaps not in landing position
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When aircraft decent more than 1.3 dots below ILS glide slope
Two warning areas: soft and loud
Aural warning GLIDE SLOPE and the BELOW G/S light illuminates.
The frequency will increase as glide slope deviation increases and thealtitude decreases.
This mode is activated at 1000 ft or less.
This mode can be de-activated by pressing BELOW G/S light buttonwhen the altitude below 1000 ft.
Mode 5: Below glide slope deviation alert
Mode 5: Below glide slope deviation alert