10. The First World War and the Russian Revolution

10.1 The Causes of the First World War 10.2 The Economic and Social Impact of the war 10.3 The Peace Settlement 10.4 The Revolution of 1917 and its Effects

10.1 The Causes of the First World War

M: Militarism

A: Alliances

I: Industrialization

N: Nationalism

Political Crises • Russian Revolution

(1905) • Annexation of

Bosnia-Herzegovina (1908)

• Balkan Wars (1912-1913)

• Pan-Slavism • German Weltpolitik • Triple Alliance vs.

Triple Entente

“The Spark” • Serbia and the “Black

Hand” • Assassination of

Archduke Francis Ferdinand

• July Crisis • War Plans – Schlieffen Plan

“Before the Leaves Fall” • Invasion of Belgium • “Battle of the

Frontiers” • Miracle of the Marne • Trench Warfare

10.2 The Economic and Social Impact of the War

• Economics and Total War

• Propaganda • Loss of Confidence

Economics and Total War • Industrial War • Blockade • Zeppelin Raids • Submarines • Gas • Tanks

Propaganda • War Bonds/Liberty

Bonds • Posters

• “Hun” • “Gott Strafe England” • “Daddy, What did you

do during the war?

Loss of Confidence • Wilfred Owen

• Dulce Et Decorum Est • Liberalism? • Technology? • European

Civilization? • Progress?

10.3 The Peace Settlements

The Peace Settlements

1) Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

2) 14 Points 3) Treaty of Versailles

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk • March 3, 1918 • Terms: – Immediate

demobilization – Independence of:

Finland, Baltic States, Belarus, and Ukraine

– Ottoman Empire gains Armenia/Georgia

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk • Russian Losses:

• 9/10ths of its coal mines

• 1/4 of its Industry • 1/3 of its Territory • 1/4 of its Population • 6 Billion in Reparations

14 Points • Point 1: No Private

Treaties • Point 2/3: Freedom of the

sea and equality of trade • Point 7: Belgium

Restored • Point 13: Creation of an

independent Poland • Point 14: A League of

Nations

Versailles Treaty 1) Dismemberment of

A-H, Russia, and Ottoman Empire

2) Germany • War Reparations • Disarmament • “War Guilt Clause” 3) League of Nations

“This is not a peace. It is an armistice for 20 years!” – Ferdinand Foch

10.4 The Revolution of 1917 and its Effects

Russia in World War One 1) Battles of

Tannenburg and Masurian Lakes (1914)

2) Entrance of the Ottoman Empire

3) Tsar Takes Command (1915)

Russian Revolutions

• February Revolution • Kerensky and the

Provisional Government

Bolsheviks

• V. I. Lenin • “Vanguard of the

Proletariat” • “Peace, Land, Bread”

Bolshevik State • “Peace” – Treaty of

Brest-Litovsk • “Land” – Land

redistribution • Russian Civil War

(1917-1922) • Lenin Dies (1924)