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LUBRICATION SYSTEM

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LUBRICATION SYSTEM

Six Functions of Motor Oil

Reduce frictionReduce wear

Seal power

Absorb shockClean

Cool

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Lubrication System Types

Splash

Pressure Fed or Force

FeedCombination Pressure

Fed and Splash

Gasoline Oil Premix

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Lubricating System Parts

Oil pan

Oil pump

Pick-up screenPressure regulator

Oil filter

By-pass valve

Oil galleries

Dipstick

Pressure indicator

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Oil Pan

Storage reservoir for

motor oil.

Holds 3 to 6 quarts with4 as most average.

Plug on bottom to drain.

Pick-up screen sucks oilup from oil pump.

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Oil PumpsGear typesRotor

Gerotor type

All oil pumps use a pick-up screen in the pan and a pressure regulator.

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Oil Filters

Micro-porous paper

filters used to screen out

particles.Most filters of the

cartridge type.

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Oil Filter Systems

Remove harmful materials

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Bypass SystemsPart of oil to filter > pan

Part to bearings

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Shunt Filter SystemsSome oil through filter > bearings

Some directly to bearings

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Full Flow Filter SystemsAll oil goes through

filter

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Oil Level and Pressure Indicators

Dipstick the mostsimple

Some enginesequipped with anelectrical levelindicator.

Oil pressure

indicator lampOil pressure gauge(electrical ormechanical)

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Motor Oil Characteristics

Oil Viscosity/SAE

Ease which oil flows

S.A.E Rating (Society of Automotive Engineers)

Service Rating/API

Oil Quality

A.P.I. (American Petroleum Institute)

Other Fluids & Lubricants

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Oil Viscosity Chart

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A.P.I. Ratings

SA Straight mineral oil no additives.

SB 1930s motor oil with some detergent.

SC 1950s oil more additives.

SD 1960s enter multi-viscosity oils.SE 1970s emission controls make heat is problem.

SF 1980s improves fuel economy.

SG Late 1980s wider viscosity ranges.SH 1990s great stuff.

SJ Late 1990s

SL 200?s

SM Current

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Selecting Motor Oil

Pick proper viscosity as

recommended by

manufacturer.Pick proper service

rating as recommended

by the manufacturer.

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Automatic Transmission Fluid

(ATF)Has red color to identify

it from motor oil.

Several kinds:Dexron/Mercon

Type FA

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Gear Lube

Used in manual

transmissions and

differentials on rear drivecars.

Heavy viscosity 90W.

Looks like motor oil but

smells real bad!

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Chassis Grease

Conventional type of

petroleum grease.

Grease steering andsuspension parts.

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Other Types of Grease

Lithium grease or white

lube.

Used on mis. parts.

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Other Lubricants

WD-40 is a light oil with

graphite.

Liquid wrench is apenetrating oil for dry

and rusted bolts.

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Non Petroleum Lubricants

Silicone spray is for

rubber and plastic parts.

Doesnt work well onmetal.

Brake cleaner is like dry

cleaning fluid. Cleans off

grease and evaporatesin seconds.

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Other Useful Fluids

Carburetor choke and

throttle body cleaner.

Contains toluene.Starting fluid. Contains

ether.

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Oil Changes

Oil Change

frequency:

Every 25 -30hours.

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Oil Contamination

Blow-by gases add raw

gasoline and water to the oil

causing deterioration.

Excessive heat can cause

thermal breakdown.

Excessive cranking can

dilute oil with gasoline.

Cooling gasket leaks will ruin

oil causing sludge.

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Things That Make Oil Deteriorate

FasterShort distance driving.

(which is most trips)

Extensive idling.Cold weather operation.

Trailer towing.

Excessive heavy loadsDirty and dusty

conditions.

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Proper Oil Disposal

Waste motor oil is acontrolled waste.

Be sure to properlydispose of.

Oil filters too!

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Changing Oil

Find the drainplug andremove it.

Catch thewaste oil anddispose of itproperly.

Dont forget toreinstall theplug.

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Drain Plugs

Be careful never to strip

out drain plugs.

Extremely bad form.

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Changing the Filter

Remove the filter withan oil filter wrench.

Dispose of the filterproperly.

Install the new filterhand tight.

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Filter Problems

Always match the old to the new oil filter. The gasket andthread must be the same. If you make a mistake you canpump 5 quarts of oil on the floor in seconds!

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Chassis Lubrication & Fluid Checks

If the the vehicle is

equipped with zerk

fittings, grease thoseparts using the power

grease gun.

Find and clean the

fittings first, then injectthe grease. One kick

from the gun is plenty.

Under the car make the

following checks:

Gear lube in the differential

on rear drive cars.

Check tire air pressure. Be

sure to find the proper

inflation pressure.

Check manual transmission

fluid if the car is a stick shift.

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Refilling Motor Oil

Find crankcasecapacity in one ofthe following

references:

Owners manual?

Service manual.

Repair manual.Computerizedspecification system.

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Under Hood Checks

Motor oil level

Power steering fluid

Coolant levelBrake fluid

Automatic transmission

fluid. (The engine mustbe running)

Good technicians also do

these things:

Check belt and hose

condition.

Inspect the battery terminals.

Lubricate hood and door

hinges.

Look for anything unusual

under the hood.

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Changing Transmission Fluid

Remove transmission oil

pan. This is tricky so be

careful you dont get an oil

bath.

Catch oil in motor oil drain

pan with the tranny fluid

basin. Dispose of properly.

Change the filter, clean thepan, and reinstall the pan

with a new gasket.

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Replacing Filter and Pan Gasket

Buy a filter kit which

gives you a new filter

and gasket.

Treat used tranny filters

as you would an oil filter.