10 november indonesian heroes day
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Transcript of 10 november indonesian heroes day
“Historical Story: The Battle of 10 November 1945 Surabaya ”
by:Ginza Devisi Amerina
20/01/20101
The Battle of Surabaya
The Battle of Surabaya was fought between pro-independence Indonesian soldiers against British and Dutch
troops as a part of the Indonesian National Revolution
Despite fierce resistance, British and Indian troops managed to conquer Surabaya, the second-largest city in Indonesia, on
behalf of the Netherlands
This battle was the first war of Indonesian troops with foreign forces after the Declaration of Independence
The battle was the heaviest single battle of the revolution and became a national symbol of Indonesian resistance
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The Battle of Surabaya
THE BATTLE OF SURABAYA
Surabaya warriors refused the
ultimatum of allied forces
The death of Mallaby
Dutch-flag torn incident
[10 November 1945]
[30 October 1945]
[19 September 1945]
[9 November 1945]
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Dutch-flag torn incident in Yamato hotel
On 17 August 1945, Soekarno and Hatta declared the Independence of Indonesia in Jakarta
On 19 September 1945, a group of Dutch raised the Dutch flag outside the Hotel Yamato
Most of the youth approached and climbed the wall and the top gate hotel to tare and lower the blue one
[Oranje Hotel, 19 September 1945]
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Death of Brigadier of England, Mallaby
Captain R.C. Smith, who was in the stationary car, reported that a
young Republican shot and killed Mallaby after a short
conversation. Smith then reported throwing a grenade from the car
in the direction of where he thought the shooter had hidden.
Although he was not sure whether or not it hit its target, the
explosion caused the back seat of the car to ignite
His car was surrounded by Indonesian Republican militia. Fearing that their commander was about to be attacked,
led by British Major fired into the air to disperse the Indonesian militia. The militia, thinking that the British
were taking hostile action, fired back at the British troops.
He was travelling about
Surabaya under a white
flag to spread the news
about the cease fire
agreement when his car
approached the British
troops' post
ALLIED FORCES’S
ULTIMATUM
[Red Bridge, 30 October 1945]
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The Main Battle
The ultimatum was rejected by the
Indonesian side of Surabaya
City of Surabaya
Cannon & Tanks
Warships
Aircraft
at 06:00 am on 10 November 1945 the British army began to demolish and methodological
advance of bombardment
Resistance of the people who initially
carried out spontaneously and were
not coordinated
Increasingly in regular basis
the British supposed that the resistance in Surabaya
could be conquered in 3
days
• 3 Weeks
Duration
• 6000 – 16000 Indonesians
• 600 – 2000 British Army
Victims
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ULTIMATUM
Limit of the ultimatum was at 6:00 the morning of 10 November 1945
“All Indonesian leaders, including the leaders of the Youth Movements, the Chief Police and the Chief Official of the Soerabaya Radio will report at Bataviaweg by 18.00 hours, 9th November. They will approach in single file carrying any arms they possess. These arms will be laid down at a point 100 yards from the rendezvous, after which the Indonesians will approached with their hands above their heads and will taken into custody, and must be prepared to sign a document of unconditional surrender”
The Ultimatum:
8
Man of the Battle
Bung Tomo, who is famous for his fiery oration in encouraging the fighters. Heroic speeches of Bung Tomo (Soetomo) was one of the trigger.
• As long Indonesian warriors still have the red blood that can make a piece of white cloth into red and white, so long as we want it we will not surrender to anybody!
• Freedom or Death. "The people of Surabaya reject the Allied ultimatum, is better crushed perish than colonized again and called on the people of Surabaya prepares to commemorate the war the next day."
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At midnight on 9 November 1945, East Java’s Governor of Surabaya, Suryo, bravely called over the radio
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Heroes Monument
The heroes monuments stands like a rocket pointed towards the moon in Pahlawan street central Surabaya. It’s not omitted or even decorated, not particularly large, but it’s simplicity may have been the deliberate plan of its architect to convey humble, rather than bellicose pride. The monument becomes a center of major attention every November 10th, the day in 1945 when Surabaya commemorates those heroes who died during the independence war
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10
Red Bridge
Located at North Surabaya, in whose surrounding is one of the most savage fightings ever seen on Java, and it was right here that Brigadir Jendral Mallaby from England was killed on 30th October 1945
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Oranje/Majapahit Hotel
The heroic event in Tunjungan Street make that street name had
increasingly recognized
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Stadium and Institute
13
New Gelora Bung Tomo Stadium
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How do we respect?
Importance of the spirit of unity of all elements in the nation in the face of all odds, easily subject to the will and the pressure of foreign nations.
10 November is commemorated as Heroes Day by the Republic of Indonesia until now and Surabaya is well-known as City of Heroes
Emerging the patriotism and heroism of young generation to bring the success for the nation
Considered a heroic effort by Indonesians, the battle helped evoke Indonesian and international support for Indonesian Independence
And lastly, I hope the fighting spirit of heroism which was inscribed by the Surabaya fighters and heroes who have fallen before us continues flowing on earth of Surabaya. And I hope that my blood has also inherited the fighting spirit, so I can only say: 'I'm proud of my Surabaya', but one day I should be able to make Surabaya proud of me.
THANK YOU