10 new republic washington adams (12).ppt
Transcript of 10 new republic washington adams (12).ppt
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Testing the Constitutio
n
Washington, Hamilton, Jefferson, Adams
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Washington's Election
• Did not run• Elected unanimously by Electoral College – Twice!• VP was the question• John Adams
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1792
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Vice President
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Precedent•Guide for later action•Examples•Cabinet•Attorney General•2 term limit
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•War•Gen. Henry Knox•State•Thomas Jefferson•Treasury•Alexander Hamilton
Cabinet – Exec. Depts.
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Jefferson Hamilton
Vs.
Conflict
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• Background•Aide to Washington during War•At Constitutional Convention• Wanted a strong central
government• President for life• Outvoted - little influence
•Urged NY to ratify Const.•Wrote many of Federalist Papers
Alexander Hamilton
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•Background•Architect, Lawyer•Diplomat to France•Author of Dec. of Ind.•Separation of Church and State• Founded the University of Virginia• Favored a small central government
Thomas Jefferson
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•Main Issue - France•Revolution•War with England•They ask us for Help•Washington’s Response:•Neutrality
Foreign Affairs
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•National Debt•State Debts•Bank of the US•Necessary and Proper Clause•Economic Troubles•Regulate Trade - Protective Tariffs
Domestic Issues
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•Loose vs. Strict Constructionists•Hamilton?•Loose•Necessary & Proper Clause – “Elastic Clause”
•Jefferson & Madison?•Strict
Political Philosophy
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•Who does Pres. Washington agree with most often?•Hamilton•Arguments lead to the first political parties
Washington
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•Hamilton and Supporters?•Federalists
• Jefferson and Supporters?•Democratic-Republicans
Political Parties
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• Federalists?•Lawyers, Merchants, ship owners and Industrialists •Mostly in Northeast
•Democratic-Republicans?•Small farmers•Mostly in the South and West
Supporters
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Washington’s Retirement
•Another Precedent•His most important one?•Steps down after 2 terms
• Jefferson and Adams run for the Presidency in 1796•Winner?•Adams 71 to 68
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Vice President?• How was the Vice President chosen?•2nd Place winner• Jefferson becomes VP
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•Washington gives some final advice to the country before his second term is over• Two “themes”
Farewell Address
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• Neutrality Abroad•No permanent Alliances•Temporary ones?• Ok if necessary
•Trade agreements are great
Farewell Address
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• Neutrality Abroad•How long did we listen?• 150 years
• Unity at Home•Limit political disagreements•How long did we listen?• About 4 seconds
Farewell Address
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•Main Issues• Internal Federalist struggles• Alexander Hamilton
•XYZ Affair•Alien and Sedition Acts•Midnight Judges
President Adams
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• Adams wanted to negotiate with France• Talleyrand wanted a
bribe•Foreign Minister
• Wanted a bribe to talk•Sent 3 agents “X, Y, & Z”
• We refused• Talk of War
XYZ Affair
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• Hamilton wants war against France•Hurt the Dem-Rep’s • They wanted close ties with France
• Adams does not•We’re still too weak
• Splits the Federalist Party
Playing Politics
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•Alien Act•Raises citizenship requirements• 5 to 14 years
•Pres. can expel aliens•How does this affect the Dem-Rep party?
Federalist Policies
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•Sedition Act•Can’t “publishing false, scandalous, or malicious writings against the President, Congress, or the Government of the US”•Constitutional?
•How does this affect Dem-Rep’s?
Federalist Policies
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• Adams has support cut by Hamilton• Jefferson AND Burr
win!•Tie in Electoral College with Aaron Burr•House votes for Jefferson
Election of 1800
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• Adams is Pres. until Jefferson takes oath• Lots of Federal courts
without judges•Stays up late filling them with Federalists
• Extends life of Federalist Party
Lame Duck - Adams