1.0 INTRODUCTION RISK ASSESSMENT AND … · “Indian Institute of ... (MSIHC) Rules 1989 amended...

Project Name Environment Clearance for Expansion of Educational Institute

“Indian Institute of Technology, Ropar” – Phase IC Expansion

8(b) Project

Proponent Indian Institute of Technology Ropar

Project Address Village Bara Phool & Nunowal of Tehsil Rupnagar & Village Gharispur, Bara Surtanpur & Rattanpur of Tehsil Chamkaur Sahib, District Rupanagar, Punjab

Environment

Consultant

Aplinka Solutions & Technologies Pvt. Ltd, Noida Uttar

Pradesh 1-15

1.0 INTRODUCTION

As per the conditions of the Terms of Reference given by the EAC for preparation of the EIA/EMP Report, several documents were to be prepared to provide a clear picture of the project area. The studies suggested included:

1.1 RISK ASSESSMENT AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN The project involves a number of project specific activities on construction of high rise buildings such as installation of various types of structures and machineries. These activities include lifting and transportation of building materials at different levels, digging of pits, operation of concrete mixer, and working near electrical circuit, which are required during construction of the project. Hence, such work puts workers at risk of burial, engulfment or falling from a height, risk of electrocution where the risk is particularly aggravated by the nature of the work or processes used or by the environment at the place of work or site. On completion of the project, the infrastructure created includes provision of lifts, DG set as power backup, laying of internal as well as external electrical cables, provision of pipeline for LPG uses (specially in kitchens), construction of internal roads etc, which pose risk of accident to the occupants. However, it is not always possible to totally eliminate such eventualities and random failures of equipment due to human errors or natural calamities like storms, cyclones, earthquake etc. It is thus necessary to carry out hazard identification and risk assessment for risk monitoring and to formulate its Control Measures like Risk response planning i.e. Disaster Management Plan and Onsite Emergency Plan for the project. An essential part of major hazard control is, therefore, to be concerned with mitigating the effects of such emergency situation and restoration of normalcy at the earliest by following Disaster Management Plan (DMP) for different types of Emergencies like Earthquake, LPG leakage, Fire in the building etc. The TOR for the project stipulates to submit details of a comprehensive Disaster Management Plan including emergency evacuation during natural and man-made disaster. In pursuance of the above direction, a detailed Disaster Management Plan has been prepared for compliance by the project authorities.

1.1.0 RULES AND REGULATIONS ON SAFETY INVOLVING RISKS & HAZARDS



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Pradesh 2-15

1.1.0.1 STATUTORY RULES AND REGULATIONS ON SAFETY, HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT

The responsibility of the management of any project is to comply with the provisions of various statutory rules and regulations on Safety, Health and Environment which are as follows:

1) Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 and Rules made there under including the Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals (MSIHC) Rules 1989 amended in 1994, 2000, 2008 and 2016;

2) Chemical Accidents (Emergency Planning, Preparedness & Response) Rules, 1996; 3) Public Liability Insurance (PLI) Act 1991, amended in 1992 and the Public Liability

Insurance Rules 1991, amended in 1993; 4) Factory Act 1948 and the Factories (Amendment) Act 2014; 5) Petroleum Act 1934 and Petroleum Rules 1981 amended in 2002; 6) Gas Cylinder Rules 2004 and Static and Mobile Pressure Vessels (SPVM) (Unfired) Rules

1981 amended in 1993; 7) Explosives Act 1884 & Explosive Substances’ Act 1908 and Explosive Rules 1983 &

Amendments Rule 2008; 8) The Electricity Act 2003 and Indian Electricity Rules 1956.

11..11..00..22 SSTTOORRAAGGEE && HHAANNDDLLIINNGG OOFF HHAAZZAARRDDOOUUSS MMAATTEERRIIAALLSS

Both the hazardous and non hazardous materials generated or handled within the project shall be temporarily accommodated in necessary units placed within the institute complex premises as per the Hazardous Waste Management and Handling Rules (1989) and the amendments there off in line with the safety, health and environmental standards.

11..11..00..22..00 PPRROOVVIISSIIOONNSS FFOORR TTEEMMPPOORRAARRYY SSTTOORRAAGGEE SSPPAACCEESS FFOORR HHAAZZAARRDDOOUUSS MMAATTEERRIIAALLSS

As required under the Hazardous Waste Management and Handling Rules (1989) and amendments from time to time, separate temporary storage places have been envisaged for storage of hazardous materials within the project premises. The size of these temporary units have been accommodated depending upon the quantity and the type of hazardous waste materials like used batteries, used Tube Lights & Bulbs, PCBs, PVC waste materials, Electronic goods, asbestos, oils, fuels etc. Also, for storage of gas cylinders in the Institute Labs and test facilities, the Gas Cylinders Rules under explosives Act have been followed. Later, these materials will be disposed off through MoEF & CC and CPCB approved Recyclers and at a centralized disposal facility with utmost care following safety norms.



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1.1.0.3 GUIDELINES FOR STORAGE OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS The Petroleum Rules 2002 dated 13th March 2002 stipulates the following criteria for storage and handling of Petroleum Products.

1) License shall have to be taken depending upon the quantity of storage and handling of the products envisaged within the premises of the project. However, no license is required for storage, handling and transport of any such product (i.e. petroleum Class B ) if the total quantity in possession does not exceed 2500 litres in non-bulk (i.e. drums) or 1000 litres in a receptacle / tank (i.e. bulk).

2) Application for renewal of petroleum license, if required, shall be made to Chief Controller

of Explosive’s Office. 1.1.0.4 OIL AND CHEMICAL PLANT LAYOUT AND SPACING – GAPS GUIDELINES

Global Asset Protection Services LLC (GAPS), USA and its affiliated organizations provide loss prevention surveys and other risk management, continuity and facility asset management services. Loss experience clearly shows that fires and explosions in congested areas of oil and chemical plants can result in excessive losses. Wherever explosion or fire hazards exist, proper plant layout and adequate spacing between the chemical plants are essential to loss prevention and control. Layout relates to the relative position of equipment or units within a given site. Spacing pertains to minimum distance between units or equipments. Global Asset Protection Services (GAPS) layout and spacing recommendations are for the property loss prevention purposes only and are intended for existing and new oil and chemical facilities.

1.1.0.5 SAFETY CODES FOR BUILDING & FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM The Fire-fighting network followed by Emergency Response Mock Drills is essential part of Risk Control Measures. Construction of the residential and commercial buildings has been done as per the provisions of National Building Code 2016. The fire-fighting system has been designed considering the following codes, manuals and guidelines:

1) National Building Code (NBC) of India 2016; NBCI-Part-IV; 2) Latest relevant National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Codes, USA, in particular

NFPA – 13, 14, 20 & 22; 3) Industrial Risk Insurers (IRI) Guidelines; 4) As per requirement of fire officer / local fire approving authorities; and 5) As per Indian Standard Code for Fire Protection (IS Codes)

6) Rules of Insurance Company & TAC Manual (for reference and guideline).



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1.1.0.5.0 INSTALLATIONS OF PROVISIONS FOR FIRE FIGHTING Following provisions have been envisaged for firefighting:

1) High Pressure Fire-Water Connections; 2) Firewater inlet and outlet connections have been provided to the water storage tanks; 3) External main fire ring, having 150 mm diameter and hydrants @ 45 m3/s spacing shall be

provided. This external fire ring shall be separated from the Sprinkler Main Systems; 4) All Flow Switches, Test Valves, Drain Pipes etc have been provided as per NFPA guidelines

on the sprinkler system; 5) All Pump installation and arrangements have been made in accordance with IRI

guidelines and NFPA-20; 6) All Pumps and accessories and electrical Controllers have been provided as per UL/FM

lists, tested, approved and certified; 7) By-pass arrangements have been provided (150 mm diameter nominal bore) with NRV

and Gate Valve and bulk Flow Meter on the discharge Header of each Pump to check the duties of Pumps.

8) Storage Tanks have been provided in the basement for the supply of water for the firefighting facility.

9) The Fire Extinguishers have been provided in conformance with Ozone Depleting Substances (Regulation and Control) Rules 2000.

1.1.1 RISK HAZARD AND ITS CONTROL MEASURES

On-Site and Off-Site emergency plans are in place to provide the necessary infrastructures for control

of risks and hazards so that the losses to personnel and property are minimum.

1.1.1.0 ON - SITE EMERGENCY PLAN

The On - Site management plan will be circulated to all concerned member of emergency team. It is essential that all concerned person are familiar with the overall On-Site emergency plan and their respective roles and responsibilities during emergency. They should also participate regularly in the mock drills to keep in a state of perpetual preparedness at all times to meet any emergency.

1.1.1.0.1 ACTION PLAN OF ON-SITE EMERGENCY PLAN

The main objective of the plan is to take immediate actions to meet any emergency situation for speedy and efficient rescue and relief operations. The main steps in an onsite emergency plan are described below:

1) Cordon and isolate the affected area for smooth rescue operation.



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2) Rescue and treat casualties and safeguard the rest. 3) Minimize damage to life, property and surroundings. 4) Contain and ultimately bring the situation under control. 5) Secure and safe rehabilitation of the affected area. 6) Identify any casualty and provide for the needs of the relatives. 7) Provide necessary information to statutory agencies. 8) Provide authoritative information to the news media. 9) Ward off unsocial elements and prying onlookers. 10) Counter rumor mongering and panic by relevant accurate information.

11..11..11..00..22 SCOPE OF ON-SITE EMERGENCY PLAN

The plan covers information regarding the properties of the industry / project, type of disasters and disaster / accident prone zones. The important elements considered in this plan are:

1) Statutory requirement 2) Emergency organization 3) Roles and responsibility 4) Communications during emergency 5) Emergency facilities 6) Important information

The primary purpose of the On-Site emergency plan is to control and contain the incident and so to prevent it from spreading. To cover eventuality in the plan and the successful handling of the emergency, will depend on appropriate action and decision being taken on the spot.

It is proposed to plan and construct the buildings following all safety norms. However, it is not always possible to totally eliminate such eventualities and random failures of equipment or human errors. An essential part of major hazard control has therefore, to be concerned with mitigating the effects of such emergency and restoration of normalcy at the earliest. Detailed account of activities during construction and operation phase along with mitigation measures have been given in Table 1.1.

Table 1.1: Activities during construction and operation along with mitigation measures

HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH ACTIVITIES

(During Construction & Operation)

CONTROL / MITIGATION MEASURES

Manual Handling:

- Strains and sprains incorrect lifting - too

heavy loads -twisting - bending - repetitive

movement - body vibration.

Exercise/warm up - get help when needed -

control loads - rest breaks/no exhaustion - no

rapid movement/twisting/ bending/repetitive

movement - good housekeeping.



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Pradesh 6-15

Falls - Slips – Trips:

Falls on same level - falls to surfaces below -

poor housekeeping - slippery surfaces

Uneven surfaces -poor access to work areas

climbing on and off plant -unloading materials

into excavations wind - falling objects.

Housekeeping - tidy workplace - guardrails,

handholds, harnesses, hole cover, hoarding, no

slippery floors/trip hazards - clear/ safe access to

work areas - ingress from work areas - dust/water

controlled - PPE.

Fire :

Flammable liquids / Gases like LPG, Diesel

Storage area and combustible building

materials - poor housekeeping - grinding

sparks - open flames, absence of Fire hydrant

net work.

Combustible / flammable materials properly

stored / used - good housekeeping - fire

extinguishers made available & Fire hydrant

Network with reserve Fire water (As per NFPA

Code) - Emergency Plan in case of Fire or collapse

of structure.

Absence of Personal Protective Equipment

(PPE):

Lack of adequate footwear - head protection –

hearing / eye protection - respiratory

protection - gloves -goggles.

Head / face - footwear – hearing / eye - skin –

respiratory protection provided - training -

maintenance.

Defective or wrong Hand Tools :

Wrong tool - defective tool - struck by flying

debris - caught in or on - missing guards -

carbon monoxide - strains and sprains - dust.

Right tool for the job - used properly - good

condition / maintenance guards - isolation – eye /

face protection - flying debris controlled.

Electricity:

Electrocution - overhead/underground

services- any leads damaged or poorly

insulated - temporary repairs -no testing and

tagging - circuits overloaded - non use of

protective devices.

Leads good condition and earthed - no temporary

repairs - no exposed wires - good insulation - no

overloading - use of protective devices - testing

and tagging -no overhead / underground services

Scaffolding:

Poor foundation - lack of ladder access

insufficient planking - lack of guardrails and

toe boards - insufficient ties or other means -

all scaffolds incorrectly braced or stabilized to

prevent overturning.

All scaffolds correctly braced and stabilized - 3:1

height to base ratio - firm foundation, plumb and

level - ladder access provided and used - proper

platform (3 planks/675 mm) - planks secured -

guardrails and toe boards – 900 mm to 1100 mm

high, within 200 mm of working face, mid-rail.



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Environment

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Pradesh 7-15

Ladders:

Carrying loads - not secured against

dislodgement - defective ladders - not

sufficient length - wrong positions - incorrectly

placed (angles, in access ways, vehicle

movements.

Secured against movement or footed - ladders in

good condition - regularly inspected - extend 1 m

above platform - 4:1 angle - out of access ways,

vehicle movements - climbing - no carrying loads -

3 points of contact - no higher than 3rd step down -

use for access only, not working platforms.

Excavations:

Trench collapse - material falling in undetected

underground services - falls - hazardous

atmosphere struck by traffic and mobile plant.

Soil stability known - no water accumulation -

existing services known - material 600 mm from

edge - clear of suspended loads – hardhats / PPE -

ladders - public protection – atmospheric testing -

traffic controls - Emergency Plan.

Gas Cutting and Welding:

Fire - welding flash, burns, fumes,

electrocution in wet conditions - flashback in

oxygen set, leaking cylinders, acetylene

cylinders lying down - poorly maintained

leads.

Welding flash and burns controlled with PPE and

shields - fumes controlled with ventilation and

PPE

(in good condition and properly positioned), Gas

cylinders be kept upright & secured position

(properly tied) - combustible materials to be kept

at secured place to avoid fire and Fire

Extinguishers to be kept in fire prone area with

training to people for its use.

Noise:

known noise levels over 85 decibels

Levels below 85 decibels - proper protection.

Falling Materials:

Fall during carrying / Lifting materials-

dislodged tools and materials from overhead

work areas.

Materials to be secured – kept away from edge -

toe boards –Use of hard hats.

Cranes & Lifts:

Display of carrying capacity i.e. load (No. of

person), incorrectly slung, defective lifting

equipment, unsecured loads, craning in close

proximity to building people and plant - falls -

falling materials.

Periodic testing by competent authority - correctly

slung / secured loads, lifting equipment in good

conditions - use of proper hand signals - falls while

unloading controlled.

Visitors Presence at the Site:

Falls - struck by - dropped materials - loading

Sufficient hoarding - fencing and barricades - safe



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accidents -insufficient hoarding or fencing -

pedestrian access past site - mechanical plant

movement on and off site.

pedestrian access past site traffic management for

loading and delivery -

construction separated from occupied areas of

projects.

11..11..11..00..33 OOBBJJEECCTTIIVVEE OOFF OONN--SSIITTEE EEMMEERRGGEENNCCYY PPLLAANN

Risk analysis and risk assessment have been performed to provide details on risk posed to people who work inside or live near hazardous facilities, and to aid in preparing effective emergency response plans by delineating a disaster management plan (DMP) to handle on-site and off-site emergencies. Hence, risk analysis and risk assessment is an invaluable method for making informed risk-specific for any plant is complex and needs extensive study that involves process understanding, hazard identification, consequences probability data, vulnerability models / data, local weather and terrain conditions and local population data. Risk analysis and risk assessment have been carried out to serve the following objectives:

1) Identification of safety areas 2) Identification of hazard sources 3) Generation of accidental release scenarios for escape of hazardous materials from the

facility 4) Identification of vulnerable units with recourse to hazard indices 5) Assessment of risk on the basis of above evaluation against the risk acceptability

criteria relevant to the situation 6) Suggest risk mitigation measures based on engineering judgment, reliability and risk

analysis approaches 7) Delineation / up-gradation of DMP 8) Safety reports: with external safety report / occupational safety report

The risk assessment report covers the following in terms of the extent of damage with analysis and delineation of risk mitigations measures with an approach to DMP.

1) Hazard Identification - identification of hazardous activities, hazardous materials, past accident records etc.

2) Hazard quantification - consequence analysis to assess the impacts 3) Risk Presentation 4) Risk Mitigation Measures 5) Disaster Management Plans (DMP)

1.1.1.1 OFF - SITE EMERGENCY PLAN

A major emergency in any situation is one, which has the potential to cause serious injury or loss of life, which may cause extensive damage to the structure in vicinity and environment and could



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result in serious disruption to normal operation both inside and outside the premises of the project. Depending on the magnitude of the emergency, service of the outside agencies shall also be envisaged. The management has to take effective steps to assess, minimize and wherever feasible, eliminate the risk to large extent. Accident may still occur and it is necessary to be fully prepared to tackle all such emergencies if and when they occur. It is likely that the consequences of such emergencies will be confined to the units concerned or may affect outside. If the consequences are confined within the plant boundary, it will be controlled by Chief Emergency Controller. The most widely used techniques in practice will be based on experience accumulated over many years and safety audits.

11..11..11..22 CCOOMMPPEENNSSAATTIIOONN TTOO TTHHEE VVIICCTTIIMMSS

The project authorities shall form an investigation team for an accident with the Safety Officer and other members of the Project. The Public Liability Insurance (PLI) Act, 1991, provides for the owner handling hazardous substances to pay specified amount of the money to the victims as relief by taking insurance policy for this purpose.

1.1.2 MODELS FOR IMPACT PREDICTION & RISK ASSESSMENT

Hazards Identification, Hazards Evaluation and Hazards Quantification are done as per the

prediction of the Models used. These may be used for impact prediction and risk assessment. The

choice of the Model for Impact Prediction and Risk Assessment have been listed below.



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FFIIGGUURREE 11..11:: RRIISSKK AASSSSEESSSSMMEENNTT -- CCOONNCCEEPPTTUUAALL FFRRAAMMEEWWOORRKK

Table 1.2: Choice of Models for Impact Predictions: Risk Assessment

Name of Model Application Remarks

EFFECT

WHAZAN

Consequence analysis for Visualization of accidental chemical release scenarios & its consequence

Consequence of analysis for visualization of accidental chemical release scenarios & its consequence

Heat load, press wave and toxic release exposure neutral gas dispersion

DEGADIS Consequence of analysis for visualization of accidental chemical release scenarios & its consequence

Dense gas dispersion

HAZOP & fault tree assessment

For estimating top event probability

Failure frequency data is required

Pathways reliability and protective system hazard analysis

For estimating reliability of equipments and protective systems

Markov Models

Vulnerability Exposure models

Estimation of population exposure

Uses probity equation for population exposure

F-X and F-N curves Individual / Societal risks Graphical Representation

Hazard Evaluation

Hazard Quantification

Hazard Identification



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1.1.3 HAZARD IDENTIFICATION Hazard is the characteristic of any system or process which has the potential for accident. Identification of hazards, in the presence of any hazardous waste generating sources within the Project is of primary significance in the analysis, quantification and cost effective control of accidents involving chemicals and process. The typical methods for hazard identification employed are:

1) Identification of major hazardous units based on Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemical Rules, 1989 of Government of India (amended in 2000) Identification of hazardous wastes based on Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling and Trans-boundary Movement) Rules, 2008, and its amendments.

2) Hazardous substances may be classified into three main classes namely flammable substances, unstable substances and toxic substances.

1.1.4 HAZARD ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION A preliminary hazard analysis shall be carried out to identify the major hazards associated with storages of Hazardous substances in the project. This is followed by consequence analysis to quantify these hazards. Following are the vulnerable zones of accident.

1.1.4.0 Frequent Causes of Accidents

1) Fire and explosion: explosives, flammable materials 2) Being struck by falling objects 3) Caught in or compressed 4) Snapping of cables, ropes, chains, slings 5) Handling heavy objects 6) Electricity 7) Poor illumination 8) Falls from height inside industrial units or on the ground 9) Struck by moving objects 10) Slipping on wet surfaces 11) Sharp objects 12) Oxygen deficiency in confined spaces

1.1.4.1 Hazardous Substances and Wastes

1) Heavy and toxic metals (lead, mercury, cadmium, copper, zinc, etc.) 2) Organometallic substances (tributyltin etc.) 3) Lack of hazard communication (storage, labeling, material safety data sheets) 4) Batteries, fire-fighting liquids 5) PCBs and PVCs



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6) Welding fumes 7) Volatile organic compounds (solvents) 8) Inhalation in confined and enclosed spaces

1.1.5 DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN The Term of Reference (TOR) for the project stipulates the Project Proponent shall submit details of a comprehensive Disaster Management Plan including emergency evacuation during natural and man-made disaster. In pursuance of the above direction, a detailed Disaster Management Plan has been prepared for compliance by the project authorities.

Disasters may be Manmade Disasters (such as Fires, Terrorism, and Stampede etc) or Natural Disasters (such as earth quake, Tsunami, Flood & Cloud Burst etc). Various criteria for the Natural Disasters and Manmade Disasters have been considered.

For Manmade Disasters such as Fires, provisions of the National Building Code of India (NBCI) have been considered and necessary provisions have been made.

For natural disaster management, there are the Natural Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) at the Centre, Government of India and the State Disaster Management Authority (SDMA) at the State level. For natural disasters, guidelines shall be followed as given in the Vulnerability Atlas of India (Earth Quake, Windstorm, and Flood Hazard Maps and Damage Risk Housing) prepared by the Building Materials and Technology Promotion Council (BMTPC), Ministry of Housing & Urban Poverty Alleviation (MHUPA), Government of India.

For Natural Disasters such as earth quakes, Earth Quake Zoning Maps have been considered and earth quake resistant building structures and retrofitting of old buildings and structures have been considered as applicable to the place where the project is located. Flood & Cloud Burst Data obtained from Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) have been considered for structural design of the project.

Emergency planning is an integral part of the overall loss control program and is essential for any well run organization. This is important for effective m anagem ent of an accident / incident to minimize losses to people and property, both in and around the facility. The format and contents of the Emergency Response Plan (ERP)/On-Site Disaster Management Plan (DMP) has been developed taking into consideration the regulatory guidelines, other applicable documents and accepted good industrial practices formulated as a result of lessons learned in actual emergencies requiring extensive emergency response. Disaster can be defined as an “occurrence of undesired events of such magnitude so as



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to create a situation in which normal pattern of life within the facility is suddenly disrupted, adversely affecting not only the personnel and property within the facility but also in its vicinity.” As per the Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemical (Amendment) Rules, 2000, “major accident” means – an incident involving loss of life inside or outside the installation, or ten or more injuries inside and / or one or more injuries outside or release of toxic chemicals or explosion or fire or spillage of hazardous chemicals resulting in on-site or off-site emergencies or damage to equipment leading to stoppage of process or adverse affects to the environment. A Disaster Management Plan (DMP) has been prepared considering the On-Site and Off-Site disasters that can occur during construction and operational phases of the Project.

A disaster is a catastrophic situation in which suddenly, people are plunged into helplessness and suffering and, as a result, need protection, clothing, shelter, medical and social care and other necessities of life. The Disaster Management Plan is aimed to ensure safety of life, protection of Environment, protection of installation, restoration of production and salvage operations in this same order of priorities. For effective implementation of the Disaster Management Plan, it shall be widely circulated and it is proposed that a personnel training is to be provided through rehearsals/drills. To tackle the consequences of a major emergency inside the project or immediate vicinity of the project, a Disaster Management Plan (DMP) has been formulated and this planned emergency document is called "Disaster Management Plan". 1.1.5.0 OBJECTIVE OF THE DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN The objective of the Disaster Management Plan is to make use of the combined resources of the project and the outside services to achieve the following:

1) Effect the rescue and medical treatment of casualties; 2) Safeguard other people; 3) Minimize damage to property and the environment; 4) Initially contain and ultimately bring the incident under control; 5) Identify any dead; 6) Provide for the needs of relatives; 7) Provide authoritative information to the news media; 8) Secure the safe rehabilitation of affected area; 9) Preserve relevant records and equipment for the subsequent inquiry into the

cause and circumstances of the Emergency.

In effect, it is to optimize operational efficiency to rescue rehabilitation and render medical help and to restore normalcy.



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Disaster Management Plan has been prepared considering the following:-- (1) Emergency Preparedness Plan, (2) Emergency Response Team, (3) Emergency Communication, (4) Emergency Responsibilities, (5) Emergency Facilities and (6) Emergency Actions.

1.1.5.1 PROVISION OF ESSENTIAL SERVICES

1.1.5.1.1 STORM WATER DRAINAGE

Since Budki River flows parallel to the project site; hence the ground water is

encountered at less than 3 mtrs below ground level. In such a scenario; the provision of

rain water harvesting pits is not feasible.

A detailed “Storm Water Management” has been proposed to be developed. This will incorporate the following management practices which will include:

1) Regular inspection and cleaning of storm drains. 2) Clarifiers or oil/water separators shall be installed in all the parking areas. 3) Cover waste storage areas. 4) Avoid application of pesticides and herbicides before wet season. 5) Provision of Secondary Containment and Dykes in fuel / oil storage facilities 6) Conducting routine inspections to ensure cleanliness 7) Preparation of spill response plans, particularly for fuel and oil storage areas. 8) Provision of slit traps in storm water drains 9) Surface Water from parking area will be discharged to drain.

1.1.5.1.2 FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM

A state of the art fire fighting system is proposed for the project to prevent and control fire

outbreaks. The fire fighting system will consist of portable Fire Extinguishers, Hose Reel, Wet

Riser, Yard Hydrant, automatic Sprinkler System, and manual Fire Alarm System. The buildings

will also be provided with automatic Fire Detection and Alarm System.

1) Pumps shall be protected with Sprinkler as per NFPA 20 (refer to NFPA 13 for

design)



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2) DG sets need to be protected with mist as per the applicable regulation (refer to

NFPA 750 for design).

The fire and safety considerations will be as per the applicable National Building Code 2016.

Important components are mentioned below.

1) Provision of water Sprinklers

2) Provision of Hose Reels, external Hydrants and Wet Risers

3) Provision of fire fighting underground Water Storage Tank,

4) Provision of overhead Water Storage Tank on each buildings

5) There is a provision of Fire Fighting Pumps.

6) Adequate Fire Extinguishers shall be available for emergency situations

7) HT and LT Panels will be protected with manually operated CO2 Protection System.

8) Automatic Sprinklers will be installed in the entire building

9) Portable Fire Extinguishers shall be provided at strategic locations

10) Optical type smoke detectors shall be used in most areas

11) Automatic fire detection system i.e. Smoke/Heat Detection System shall be

provided in the buildings at appropriate places. The system will be connected to

the Fire Alarm System

12) Rate of rise heat detectors shall be planned for all potentially smoky areas and in

the basements.

1.1.5.1.2.0 FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM DESIGN

The design and planning of Fire Protection System has been detailed below.

(1) Reference Standards The Fire Protection System has been designed keeping in view the following criteria:

i. National Building Codes of India – Part IV ii. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)

iii. Rules of Insurance Company & TAC Manual (for reference and guideline). (2) System Description Fire water storage Static fire water storage tank for Fire Protection System will be provided.



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Fire pumping system

The fire pumping system shall comprise of independent electrical pumps for hydrant and sprinkler system, diesel engine driven pump and jockey pump for hydrant and sprinkler system.

Fire hydrant system

Internal and external standpipe fire hydrant system shall be provided with landing valve, hose reel, first aid hose reels, complete with instantaneous pattern short gunmetal pipe in the project. The outlet shall be of instant spring lock type gunmetal ferrule coupling for connecting to hose pipe. Provision of flow switch on riser shall be made for effective zone monitoring. External hydrant shall be located within 2 m to 15 m from the building to be protected such that they are accessible and may not be damaged by vehicular movement.

Sprinkler system

The sprinkler system shall be provided with control valves, flow and tamper switches at suitable locations and shall be connected to control module of the fire alarm system for its monitoring and annunciation in case of activation. Wet pipe sprinkler shall be provided for all habitable spaces such as guest rooms, guest room corridors, restaurants, ball rooms/meeting rooms and other public areas. Sprinkler shall also be provided in all public toilets. Clean agent fire protection system Clean agent suppression system shall be provided for EPABX and Server Rooms. The system shall comprise of the FM 200 / NAF S III gas module containing required quantity of gas which shall be released when the actuator output is enabled by the fire alarm panel. As per the design consideration, release of the gas shall be within 15 seconds time elapsed from the actuation to put out the fire. The room shall be ventilated completely after the release of FM 200 gas/ NAF S III gas, before personnel can enter and work in the area. CO2 Extinguishing system Trolley mounted Carbon-di-Oxide extinguishing system shall be provided in accordance with local Bye-Laws for transformer room, LT panel room and other critical areas. Hand held fire extinguishers Portable fire extinguishers of water (gas pressure), Carbon-di-Oxide and foam type shall be provided as first aid fire extinguishing appliances. These extinguishers shall be suitably distributed in the entire public as well as service areas. HSD and other petroleum products at site shall be stored at earmarked area having impervious floor and adequate fire fighting arrangements. Hazardous wastes such as waste oil and waste cotton swabs soaked with oil/grease shall be collected and stored and periodically sold off to



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MoEF&CC/CPCB/SPCBs authorized Recyclers. Buy back arrangement shall be made with the authorized dealer of Lead Acid Storage Batteries used in the DG Sets.

1.1.5.2 EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN The overall objective of an Emergency Response Plan (ERP) is to make use of the combined resources at the site and outside services to achieve the following:

1) To localize the emergency and if possible, eliminate it; 2) To minimize the effects of the accident on people and property; 3) Effect the rescue and medical treatment of casualties; 4) Safeguard other people; 5) Evacuate people to safe areas; 6) Informing and collaborating with statutory authorities; 7) Initially contain and ultimately bring the incident under control; 8) Preserve relevant records and equipment for the subsequent enquiry into the cause

and circumstances of the emergency; 9) Investigating and taking steps to prevent reoccurrence

The ERP is therefore related to identification of sources from which hazards can arise and the maximum credible loss scenario that can take place in the concerned area. The plan takes into account the maximum credible loss scenario - actions that can successfully mitigate the effects of losses/emergency need to be well planned so that they would require less effort and resources to control and terminate emergencies. Main hazards identified for the project include hazards pertaining to fires in buildings and fire in diesel storage areas, earthquake and LPG leakage and an ERP pertaining to these is described in the following section.

11..11..55..33 OONN--SSIITTEE DDIISSAASSTTEERR MMAANNAAGGEEMMEENNTT PPLLAANN

The main objective of the plan is to take immediate actions to meet any emergency situation for speedy and efficient rescue and relief operations. The main steps in an onsite emergency plan are described below:

1) Cordon and isolate the affected area for smooth rescue operation. 2) Rescue and treat casualties and safeguards the rest. 3) Minimize damage to life, property and surroundings. 4) Contain and ultimately bring the situation under control. 5) Secure and safe rehabilitation of the affected area. 6) Identify any casualty and provide for the needs of the relatives. 7) Provide necessary information to statutory agencies. 8) Provide authoritative information to the news media.



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9) Ward off unsocial elements and prying onlookers. 10) Counter rumor mongering and panic by relevant accurate information.

The parameters considered are given as follows:

1) To constitute Disaster Management Committee under a senior officer not below the rank of the Project Manager or General Manager.

2) To identify potential hazards areas in the layout map of industrial estate 3) To use model to predict hazards impact in the surrounding areas in form of pool-fire

or gas leakage. 4) To predict degree of burns and distance of the risk zone by using model. 5) To evacuate the area within risk zone. 6) To localize the emergency and if possible eliminate it. 7) To minimize the effects of accidents on people and property. 8) To take remedial measures in the quickest possible time to contain the incident and

control it with minimum damage. 9) To mobilize the internal resource and utilize them in the most effective way. 10) To get help from the local community and government official to supplement

internal manpower and resources. 11) To minimize the damage in other sections. 12) To keep the required emergency equipment in stock at right places and ensure that

they are in working condition. 13) To keep the concerned personnel fully trained in the use of emergency equipment. 14) To give immediate warning to the surrounding localities in case of emergency

situation arising. 15) To mobilize transport and medical treatment of the injured. 16) To educate the public in the surrounding villages regarding hazards. 17) To arrange treatment of causalities. 18) To safe guard the people. 19) To identify the causalities and communicate to persons known to them. 20) To render necessary help to the concerned. 21) To rehabilitate the area affected. 22) To provide information to media and government agencies.

11..11..55..44 OONN –– SSIITTEE EEMMEERRGGEENNCCYY PPLLAANN

Identification of Responsibilities: The on-site disaster management plan shall identify the Chief

Incident Controller (CIC) who shall be the Chief of the Project (i.e. The Project In-Charge), the support

team to the Work Incident Controller (WIC) and Designated Key Personnel of Emergency Control

Centre. The plan also specifies responsibilities of these personnel in case of an emergency and draws

an action plan to be followed. Chief Incident Controller (CIC) and Works Incident Controller (WIC)

shall be assisted by two support teams as follows.



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Table 1.3 : Details of Incident Controller

Support team to Chief

Incident Controller (CIC) Consisting of Heads of Personnel, Materials and Finance Division:

To function in consultation with CIC for the following:--

Contacting Statutory Authorities.

Arranging for relievers and catering facilities.

Giving information to media.

Contacting media centers and nursing homes

Providing all other support, as necessary.

Arranging for urgently required materials through

Cash purchase or whatever means.

Support team to Work Incident Controller (WIC)

Consisting of Chief Supervisor and Works Manager and any

more persons depending upon the need to assist the WIC

in manning communication and Passing Instructions to the Team. One steno secretary shall also be available with

WIC for recording all information coming in and instruction

Gf

ssssoing out.

11..11..55..55 OOFFFF -- SSIITTEE DDIISSAASSTTEERR MMAANNAAGGEEMMEENNTT PPLLAANN

Incidents having off-site implications can be:

1) Natural calamities l ike earthquake, cyclone, landslide etc.; 2) Chlorine and other Toxic Gas Leaks; 3) Major Fire involving combustible materials like oil and Gas spreading from

other nearby facilities or installations. 4) Air raids/Crashing of aircraft or flying objects. Incidents, which could also lead to a

disaster;

5) Agitation/forced entry by external group of people; 6) Sabotage.

In an extremely rare event of massive disaster which will have potential to affect areas outside the Plant/Project premises, needs to be informed to the District Authorities responsible for the preparation and implementation of Offsite Disaster Management Plan. The measures will include - Allocation of duties among the Project Fire Brigade, Police and Auxiliary Force.

An important aspect of the disaster is its unforeseen nature. Thus by definition, a disaster is impossible to control completely. However, occurrence of events which lead to a disaster may be minimized through proper technology, engineering



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practices and adaptation of available Disaster Management Practices.

Under the Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986, the responsibility of preparation of Off-Site Emergency Plan lies with the State Government. The Collector, Deputy Collector by virtue of their occupation is normally nominated by the concerned State government to plan Off-Site Emergency Plan.

The District Collector or his nominated representative would be the Team Leader of the planning team, who shall conduct the planning task in a systematic manner. The members of the Planning Team for Off-Site Emergencies are Collector, Deputy Collector, District Authorities In-Charge of Fire Services and Police, members drawn from Medical Services, Factory Inspectorate, Pollution Control Board and Industries & Transport Departments. In addition to these members, there are Co-opted Members also from the district authorities concerned, Civil Defense, Publicity Department, Municipal Corporation, and non-officials such as representatives (MPs, MLAs, Voluntary Organizations, NGOs etc).

1.1.5.6 ONSITE AND OFFSITE EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN

To take control of any mishaps, Disaster Management Plan (DMP) has been formulated for various

areas. All the above mentioned instructions can lead to less risk but can't eradicate the possibility

of occurrence of any mishap. Onsite and Offsite Emergency Response Plans have been formulated

and key points of the same are as follows:

1) First Aid at site, Safety Officer and a Doctor must be available to give First Aid at the site and proper record for the same must be maintained at the site.

2) Availability of Ambulance at the site for emergency moving of the patients from site to the hospital.

3) Emergency numbers of nearest Hospital, Fire Brigade Office and Police Station must be placed at the site.

4) Alarm must be blown in case of any hazard. 5) All the workers must be aware of the Assembly Point and must reach there in case of

any evacuation to be made from the site. 6) The Site Office shall serve as Emergency Control Room (Centre) in case of emergency.

1.1.5.7 EMERGENCY STRUCTURE AND RESPONSIBILITY

As outlined above, the emergency preparedness organizational structure should consist of the

following persons:



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1) Chief Incident Controller (CIC) --- The Project Chief shall be named as the CIC or

the Site Main Controller of the Emergency Control Team.

2) Works Incident Controller (WIC) –- The Site Chief Supervisor shall act as the WIC in

case of emergency.

3) The Emergency Control Team --- Shall consist of the Heads of Corporate Affairs,

Heads of Personnel, Heads of Materials, Heads of Finance, Manager Fire & Safety,

Security In-Charge and the Rescue Teams.

4) Manager Safety or Fire & Safety shall be the Coordinator.

5) Security In-Charge shall be in the Coordination Team.

6) Rescue Team consisting of Operators and Site Employees specially trained in safety

and/or first aid shall be formed.

1.1.5.7.0 ROLE OF CHIEF INCIDENT CONTROLLER (CIC)

1) The CIC shall relieve the WIC of the responsibilities of overall emergency control as

soon as he arrives at the site and takes stock of the situation. He will position himself

in the Emergency Control Centre and shall thereafter give directions to the Emergency

Team from here. The CIC shall be assisted by the WIC and other Emergency

Coordination teams.

2) Determines the adequacy of the emergency services.

3) Directs the Emergency Operation from the incident site to localize emergency, keeping

in mind the priorities for safety of personnel, least damage to the property and

environment thereby minimize loss of materials.

4) Provides the necessary information and advises the Fire and Security Personnel and

Local Fire Services as and when they are called.

5) Continuously reviews the situation with the WIC and the Emergency Coordination

Team.

6) Keeps concerned Government Agencies informed of the emergency and if necessary

arrange information to the outside residents through police.

7) Decides to call off the emergency when everything is OK.

1.1.5.7.1 ROLE OF WORK INCIDENT CONTROLLER (WIC)

1) The Work Incident Controller shall function as the Emergency Incident Controller on

to meet the Emergency situation. Once the CIC takes over the emergency situation,

WIC along with the other Emergency Team Leaders shall assist the CIC of the

responsibilities of directing the Emergency Operations and assisting total control of

emergency operations in the affected area.



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2) Ensures that the medical aid is promptly provided to the causalities and that their

relatives are informed.

3) Organizes evacuation and transportation of personnel from the Assembly Points to a

safe location outside.

4) If external help is needed, shall coordinate with outside emergency services like Fire

Brigade of the nearest town, Ambulance Centre etc.

5) Ensures that affected personnel are transported to external medical centers to keep

constant liaison with these medical centers through the Medical Officer during the

course of the emergency.

1.1.5.7.2 ROLE OF MANAGER (SAFETY) / EXECUTIVE (FIRE AND SAFETY)

1) Proceeds to the Emergency Control Centre, establishes contact with Firefighting men

and Incident Controller and supplements efforts made in the fire fighting in case of

fire and other such emergencies involving people.

2) Assist nurse in providing First Aid to those who are injured.

3) Mobilizes Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and safety appliances and assists in

using them to the personnel handling the emergency.

4) Collects and preserves evidences to facilitate future inquiry.

1.1.5.7.3 ROLE OF SECURITY IN-CHARGE

1) Assumes charge of all external communications in consultation with the Site Main

Controller.

2) Takes charge of the EPABX (Electronic Private Automatic Branch Exchange Board /

Box), if available and deputes a trained person (e.g. Security Guard) to man the Board

when regular Telephone Operator is off duty and thereby restrict the unnecessary

calls.

3) Assumes total control of the storage facility under the direction of the Site Main

Controller.

4) Controls traffic movement, removes Truck and Tanker Drivers, if any, gathered at the

Site Gate and prevents entry of all non-essential personnel.

5) Cordons off the Incident Site and keeps the site cleared off the observers gathered at

the place of the incident.

1.1.5.7.4 TRAINED FIRST AIDER

1) First Aider or the Team shall rush to Emergency Control Point and gets the feedback

from the Site Controller about the emergency.



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2) As per the instruction, they must rush to the area of emergency and assess the

situation.

3) Approach emergency site quickly with the First Aid Box Kit and other essentials.

4) Diagnoses the situation and decides whether the affected persons shall be moved to

the safe area.

5) Moves the injured personnel to the safe place and assists in offering the First Aid as

required by the situation.

6) Follows instructions from the Incident Controller.

7) Moves / Transports the causalities to the Ambulance / near to the Medical Centre for

necessary medical assistance.

1.1.5.8.0 RESPONSE IN CASE OF DISASTERS

The response procedure for earthquake, LPG leakage, outbreak of fire etc has been discussed in

detail as given below.

1.1.5.8.1 RESPONSE IN CASE OF EARTHQUAKE

Natural disasters such as earthquakes are very catastrophic and devastating in nature

depending upon the Seismic Zone I to V in which location of the Project falls. The project

site IIT Ropar falls in the Zone IV which is very higher Seismic zone as can be seen from

the Earthquake Map of the site with a 10 km buffer zone

11..11..55..88..11..11 RESPONSE PROCEDURES FOR OCCUPANTS

11..11..55..88..11..11..11 IF INDOORS

1) Take cover under a piece of heavy furniture or against an inside wall and hold on.

2) Stay inside: The most dangerous thing to do during the shaking of an earthquake is to

try to leave the building in an effort to avoid the falling of probable object.

11..11..55..88..11..11..22 OUTDOORS

1) Move into the open, away from buildings, streetlights, and utility wires. Once in the

open, stay there until the shaking stops.



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11..11..55..88..11..11..33 IF IN A MOVING VEHICLE

1) Stop quickly and stay in the vehicle. Move to a clear area away from buildings, trees,

overpasses, or utility wires. Once the shaking gets stopped, proceed with caution.

Avoid bridges or ramps that might have been damaged by the quake.

11..11..55..88..11..22 AFTER-SHOCKS

1) After the quake, be prepared for aftershocks

2) Although smaller than the main shock, aftershocks cause additional damage and may

bring weakened structures down. Aftershocks can occur in the first hours, days,

weeks, or even months after the quake.

11..11..55..88..11..33 HELP INJURED OR TRAPPED PERSONS

1) Give first aid where appropriate. Do not move seriously injured persons unless they

are in immediate danger of further injury. Call for help.

2) Remember to help those who may require special assistance--infants, the elderly, and

people with disabilities.

3) Stay out of damaged buildings.

4) Use the telephone only for emergency calls.

11..11..55..88..11..44 RESPONSE PROCEDURE FOR EMERGENCY TEAM

1) Formulate an Emergency Response Team for earthquake response

2) Using the public address system, inform occupants of response procedures discussed

above.

3) Inform the necessary authorities for aid.

4) Ensure that no person is stuck beneath any debris, in case of a structural failure.

5) Ensure that all occupants standing outside near the buildings are taken to open areas.

6) Ensure that the first aid ambulance and fire tender vehicles are summoned if

necessary.

7) Inform the nearby hospitals if there are any injuries.

8) Check the utilities and storage tanks for any damage.

1.1.5.8.2 RESPONSE FOR LPG LEAKAGE

1) The affected area should be evacuated and cordoned off immediately

2) Initiate an Emergency Response Team for LPG leakage



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3) Shut down the main valves in the gas bank

4) Ensure that only concerned personnel are present in the affected area and all other

personnel and visitors are moved to the nearest assembly points

5) Rescue trapped personnel, also check if any personnel are unconscious in the area and

immediately move them outside and provide first aid.

6) Ambulance should be summoned to take injured personnel to the nearest hospital.

7) Personnel in the nearby buildings to close all doors and windows to prevent entry of

the leaked gas

8) Source of leakage to be traced and isolated from all the other areas. If required, use

pedestal fans to bring down the gas concentration

9) In case of fire, follow the instructions

1.1.5.8.3 RESPONSE IN CASE OF FIRE

1) Required response in the event of a fire shall be described in signs located in the

lobby.

2) On sighting a fire, it shall be immediately informed to the Environment Manager

giving the exact location and type of fire in detail.

3) Initiate the Emergency Response Team for fires

4) If the fire is small, engage in extinguishing the fire using the nearest fire extinguisher.

5) Guide the Emergency Response Team staff to the emergency assembly point.

6) The Emergency Response Team shall immediately inform the nearest dispensary and

security force. If required, a fire tender shall be summoned.

7) The response team shall immediately move to the point of fire and take all necessary

steps to stop the fire. If the fire is not controllable and spreads, then the Manager in

charge shall inform the district authorities and call for external help.

8) The Emergency Response Team will provide immediate relief to the injured

Occupants at the scene of incident. Any injured persons shall be evacuated on priority

to the dispensary or one of the nearest hospitals based on their condition.

1.1.5.8.3.0 INSTRUCTIONS FOR OCCUPANTS IN CASE OF FIRE

1) Get out of buildings as quickly and as safely as possible.

2) Use the stairs to escape. When evacuating, stay low to the ground.

3) If possible, cover mouth with a cloth to avoid inhaling smoke and gases.

4) Close doors in each room after escaping to delay the spread of the fire.

5) If smoke is pouring in around the bottom of the door or if it feels hot, keep the door

closed.



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6) Open a window to escape or for fresh air while awaiting rescue.

7) If there is no smoke at the bottom or top and the door is not hot, then open the door

slowly.

8) If there is too much smoke or fire in the hall, slam the door shut.

9) Stay out of damaged buildings.

10) Check that all wiring and utilities are safe.

1.1.5.9.0 HAZARD SPECIFIC MEASURES IN CASE OF DISASTERS

A brief of Hazard-specific structural and non-structural measures for disasters caused by flood, earthquake, drought, fire and chemical & industrial accidents are outlined in the Table below.

Table --11..44 : Brief of Hazard-Specific Structural & Non-Structural Measures

Hazard Structural Measures Non-Structural Measures Flood

Strengthening / construction of embankments, flood walls.

Proper regulation of water storage reservoirs.

Drainage improvement in Order to avoid congestion.

Inspection, rehabilitation and maintenance programme to ensure that the design capabilities are maintained.

Flood plain zoning to regulate land use in the flood plains.

Integrated Water Resource Management such as water resources assessment, socio-economic assessment, water resources planning, implementation of action Plans, day-today water resources management (adjustments of the plans) and water resources protection and conservation.

Medical preparedness in terms of after-effects of floods requiring medical attention.

Earthquake Seismic strengthening of existing structures.

Structural safety audit of critical lifeline structure.

Earthquake-resistant construction

Development of Rapid Visual Screening procedures and Detailed Vulnerability Assessment.

Regular conduction of Fire Safety Audits and Electrical Safety Audits.

Public Awareness campaigns. Techno-legal regime for ensuring

compliance of earthquake-resistant design and construction practices in all new constructions.

Drought Water management including water harvesting and conservation.

Study groundwater availability map in area.



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Micro-irrigation including drip and sprinkler irrigation.

Fire Implementation of all applicable

fire safety norms.

Training of community members in fire-fighting techniques.

Putting in place audit system. Compulsory fire hazard evaluation of

all types of buildings old and new Planning and calendar of evacuation

drills/mock drills in vital installations/industrial plants/ government buildings / schools and critical infrastructure like hospitals, etc.

Enforcement of fire approvals as per the provisions contained in National Building Code (NBC) 2005 for new constructions.

Chemical &

Industrial

Accidents

Creation of appropriate infrastructure as mentioned in Off-site and On-site plans including Public Address system.

Enforcement of code of practices, procedures and standards.

Audits of on-site & off-site Emergency plans at regular intervals Statutory inspection, safety audit

and testing of emergency plans Safety auditing Hotline telephone connection with

nearby emergency services. Awareness generation among

community regarding hazmat Training of specialized medical first

aid responders

Biological

Disasters

Enforcement of bio-safety measures in labs

Regular survey and proper maintenance of water supply and sewage pipeline.

Creation of awareness about personal hygiene.

Vector control programs.



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Fig-1: Earthquake Map of Project Site IIT Ropar

1.0 INTRODUCTION RISK ASSESSMENT AND … · “Indian Institute of ... (MSIHC) Rules 1989 amended...

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