1. Emotional Intelligence

2. WHAT IS EMOTIONALINTELLIGENCE? Unresolved Argument: Ability (a skill) vs traits (such as happiness, self-esteem, optimism, and self-management, ratherthan as ability based) Higher levels of emotional intelligence, bothmeasured as a trait and as an ability, have beenfound to be associated with various positiveoutcomes, and especially with indices ofsubjective well-being such as positive affect andlife satisfaction 3. Benefits Research on EI indicates that people with high EItend to be more socially competent, to have betterquality relationships, and to be viewed as moreinterpersonally sensitive than those lower in EI Teenagers < EI were rated as > aggressive thanothers and tended to engage in >conflictual behaviorthan their higher EI peers in two small-sample studies(Mayer, Perkins, Caruso, &Salovey, 2001; Rubin,1999). < EI also predicted > drug and alcohol abuse. Forexample, levels of drug and alcohol use are related to< EI among males (Brackett, Mayer, & Warner, 2004).Inner-city adolescents smoking is also related to theirEI (Trinidad & Johnson, 2002). 4. Mayer and Saloveys (1997) Model ofEmotional Intelligence Proposed that: EI was a cognitive ability which is separate butalso associated to, general intelligence. EI can be broken down into four subdimensions:emotion perception, emotion understanding,emotion facilitation, and emotion regulation(Mayer &Salovey, 1997). These branches are ordered from basic to higher-order abilities which develop as an individualmatures 5. Perception of emotion Emotion perception is the ability to perceiveemotions in yourself and others. It also includes perceiving non - verbal signals,and emotion in stimuli such as landscapes andart (Mayer &Salovey, 2003). 6. Emotional Facilitation Emotional facilitation isthe ability to generateemotion, and then reason with this emotion inthree ways; 1) by signaling important environmental changes, 2) changing mood helping individuals to see asituation in several different ways, 3) facilitation assists different types of reasoning 7. Understanding emotions Understanding emotions involves knowledge of emotions; emotional vocabulary; and how they blend to create other emotions which change overtime 8. Managing Emotions the ability which allows the management and regulation of emotion in oneself and others, such as knowing how to calm down after feeling angry or being able to empathise with and alleviate the anxiety of another person. 9. Mayer-Salovey- Caruso EmotionalIntelligence Test (MSCEIT) The MSCEIT is an ability measure of EI based onMayer and Saloveys (1997) model consisting of 141items. It measures the four branches. Emotion perception is measured with the use of afaces and a picture task. Whereas using emotions is measured through asensations task and facilitation task. Understanding emotions is measured through anemotion changes task and a blend task. Managing emotions is measured through emotionalmanagement tasks for individuals and others;(Linely& Joseph, 2004). 10. E.G. 11. Gender differences in emotionalresponses 12. Stereotypes or are they? Consistent with gender stereotypes, empirical studies that measure emotional behaviour find that women show more emotional behaviour than men (Becht&Vingerhoets, 2002; Bradley,Codispoti, Sabatinelli, & Lang, 2001; Buck et al., 1974; Dimberg& Lundquist, 1990; Halberstadt, Hayes, & Pike, 1988; Hall et al., 2000; LaFrance & Hecht, 2000; Vingerhoets&Scheiers, 2000). 13. Studies.. For example, one study found that during conversations about theiremotional experiences, women smiled more than men (Halberstadt etal., 1988) Studies that ask participants to describe their own facialbehaviours(Becht&Vingerhoets, 2002; Vingerhoets&Scheiers, 2000) find that womenreport expressing their emotions more than men do (Fischer&Manstead, 2000; Grossman and Wood, 1993), suggesting that they are somewhataware of these differences During a variety of emotion-eliciting tasks, women reportexperiencing emotions more frequently and more intensely thando men (Bradley et al., 2001; Brody, 1997; Grossman & Wood, 1993;Schimmack, Oishi, &Diener, 2002). Women also report experiencing emotions more frequently andmore intensely in retrospect than do men (Fischer &Manstead, 2000;Grossman & Wood, 1993; Hess et al., 2000). The one exception to this pattern of findings is a study in whichparticipants viewed film clips that elicited sadness, disgust, fear,anger, and happiness and in which no gender differences in self-reports of emotion were observed (Kring& Gordon, 1998). Interestingly, this study did observe gender differences in emotionalbehaviour across all films, suggesting that even when men and